CN113102757B - Metal matrix composite brake pad and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Metal matrix composite brake pad and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113102757B CN113102757B CN202110352382.4A CN202110352382A CN113102757B CN 113102757 B CN113102757 B CN 113102757B CN 202110352382 A CN202110352382 A CN 202110352382A CN 113102757 B CN113102757 B CN 113102757B
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- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910001309 Ferromolybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009692 water atomization Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- ZDVYABSQRRRIOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;iron Chemical compound [Fe]#B ZDVYABSQRRRIOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004137 mechanical activation Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910017755 Cu-Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017927 Cu—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- PTVDYARBVCBHSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cu] PTVDYARBVCBHSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
-
- B22F1/0003—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Compositions of linings; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/027—Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0004—Materials; Production methods therefor metallic
- F16D2200/0008—Ferro
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0004—Materials; Production methods therefor metallic
- F16D2200/0026—Non-ferro
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0034—Materials; Production methods therefor non-metallic
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0034—Materials; Production methods therefor non-metallic
- F16D2200/0052—Carbon
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0082—Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0086—Moulding materials together by application of heat and pressure
Abstract
The invention provides a metal matrix composite brake pad and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of brake pad manufacturing; the brake pad comprises the following components in a formula of raw materials: metal powder: copper powder, iron powder, ferrochrome powder, zircon sand, ferroboron powder, ferromolybdenum powder, tungsten powder and molybdenum disulfide powder; non-metal powder: natural granular graphite, natural flaky graphite, artificial granular graphite; nano copper wires; the brake pad is prepared by fully mixing the raw material components, then pressing and molding, and carrying out hot-pressing sintering and isothermal cooling on the obtained blank. The brake pad has good friction coefficient stability and low material wear rate; the material has good heat-conducting property, can effectively reduce the adhesion of friction materials on a brake disc in the braking process, and has small damage to the brake disc.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a manufacturing technology of a brake pad, in particular to a metal matrix composite brake pad and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of manufacturing and producing high-speed train brake equipment.
Background
At present, the brake pad widely applied to the high-speed train is mainly a copper-based powder metallurgy brake pad. Along with the rapid development of the high-speed rail in China, the braking speed is gradually increased, and the braking load is continuously increased; the working temperature and the stress of the surface of the copper-based powder metallurgy brake pad are gradually increased. According to the requirements of 'the novel brake pad application assessment emergency braking special test outline' of the motor train unit, when a train running at the speed of 300km/h is braked under an emergency condition, a friction braking system must enable the train to stop within a 3800m braking distance. Huge kinetic energy is consumed in the braking process, 450 joules of energy needs to be dissipated in each square millimeter of braking material in a short time, and the flash point temperature at the contact surface of the brake disc/brake pad can reach over 1000 ℃. Therefore, generating such high temperatures during emergency braking is a great challenge for the copper-based powder metallurgy brake pad to maintain a stable coefficient of friction.
The brake pad mainly comprises copper powder, friction components, lubricating components and the like, and the thermal conductivity of the material is about 35W/m.K. The heat conductivity coefficient of the material mainly depends on copper powder to establish a heat conduction channel inside the material. According to the existing preparation process of the brake pad of the motor train unit, copper powder can be softened in the sintering process, and point contact or surface contact can be formed among copper particles, so that an internal heat conduction channel is established; but the internal heat conduction channel is blocked by the non-metal component. Therefore, the heat conductivity coefficient of the existing copper-based powder metallurgy brake pad is low, and the requirement of rapid development of high-speed trains on brake materials is difficult to meet. Under the condition of a new technical standard, the braking speed and the braking load are both increased sharply, a large amount of heat is generated during braking, if the heat cannot be dissipated in time, the temperature at the contact surface of the brake disc/the brake pad can be increased sharply, so that the surface of the brake pad is softened and adhered to the brake disc, the friction coefficient is unstable, and the running requirement of a high-speed train is difficult to meet.
CN101602105B discloses a metal-based powder metallurgy brake pad material, which is prepared from the following raw materials: 10-80% of Cu-Sn mechanical alloy powder, 1.25-15% of Ti-C mechanical activation powder, 2-65% of Fe powder, 0-10% of Ni powder, 0-12% of Cr powder, 2-8% of Al2O3 powder and 7.75-23% of graphite. Wherein the Cu-Sn mechanical alloy powder is prepared by mechanically alloying Cu powder and Sn powder of which the Sn powder accounts for 6-10 percent in advance; the Ti-C mechanical activation powder is prepared by mechanical activation of Ti powder and C powder in a ratio of 2: 1 to 8: 1 in advance, and TiC is formed during sintering. In the formula, because tin is a metal with a low melting point (231.86 ℃), the instant friction high temperature of the braking surface is enough to soften or even melt the braking surface, and the phenomena of adhesion and adhesive wear are generated, so that the friction coefficient fluctuation of the brake pad material under the condition of high-speed braking of a train is large, the strength and the friction performance of the material are rapidly attenuated along with the service time, and the friction coefficient in a wear state is greatly reduced and the wear amount is increased compared with a brand new state, so that the brake pad cannot effectively brake. In addition, the content of Al2O3 powder in the formula is as high as 2-8%, and the requirement on the content of the limiting elements in the standard TJ/CL307-2019 'Motor train unit brake lining temporary technical condition' cannot be met.
CN106238722B discloses a brake pad with high friction coefficient, which comprises the following raw material components: 52-62 parts by weight of a copper source; 8-12 parts of eutectoid steel grinding powder; 6-15 parts of copper-plated graphite powder; 2-6 parts of ferrous sulfide; 3-8 parts of nickel source; 4-6 parts of silicon dioxide; 6-12 parts of molybdenum oxide. The formula mainly comprises copper, eutectoid steel grinding powder and a friction component mainly comprises silicon dioxide; although the brake pad prepared by the formula has the characteristics of high friction coefficient and small abrasion under the condition of high-speed braking, the brake pad has larger abrasion to the surface of the brake disc due to the fact that the brake pad contains high content of hard particle silicon dioxide, and the surface of the brake disc can generate more scratches, furrows and other damages along with the service time. Moreover, the content of the silicon dioxide in the formula is up to 4-6 parts by weight, and the requirements on the content of the related limiting elements in the standard TJ/CL307-2019 'Motor train unit brake lining temporary technical conditions' cannot be met. In addition, the friction coefficient of the formula brake pad is up to 0.421-0.468 at 300km/h and 350km/h respectively, and exceeds the friction coefficient required by the technical condition for temporary running of the brake pad of the motor train unit (TJ/CL 307-2019).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a novel metal-based composite material brake pad and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the technical defects in the prior art by providing a material with good friction coefficient stability, low wear rate and good heat conductivity.
The invention provides a metal matrix composite brake pad, comprising: metal powder, nonmetal powder and nano copper wire;
the metal powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35-45 parts of copper powder, 6-13 parts of iron powder, 10-15 parts of ferrochrome powder, 3-10 parts of zircon sand, 1-5 parts of ferroboron powder, 1-5 parts of ferromolybdenum powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of tungsten powder and 0.5-3 parts of molybdenum disulfide powder;
the nonmetal powder comprises the following components in parts by mass: 5-15 parts of natural granular graphite, 1-8 parts of natural flaky graphite and 1-5 parts of artificial granular graphite;
the mass ratio of the nano copper wire is 5-10.
The metal matrix composite brake pad is characterized in that the copper powder is at least one of electrolytic copper powder, reduced copper powder or water atomized copper powder, and the particle size of the copper powder is 45-75 μm.
The metal matrix composite brake pad is characterized in that the iron powder is reduced iron powder, the purity is not less than 98%, and the particle size of the iron powder is 45-75 μm.
The metal matrix composite brake pad is characterized in that the diameter of the nano copper wire is 50-1000 nm, and the length of the nano copper wire is 5-15 μm; the nano copper wire is prepared by an electrodeposition method.
The metal matrix composite brake pad has the advantages that the particle size of the molybdenum disulfide powder is 10-40 mu m; the particle size of the artificial granular graphite is 0.5-30 mu m.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the metal matrix composite brake pad, which comprises the following steps:
step one, powder mixing: weighing and fully mixing the raw material components of the metal matrix composite brake pad to obtain a mixture;
step two, pressing a green body: pressing and forming the mixture obtained in the step one to obtain a green body;
step three, pressure sintering: and (5) carrying out hot-pressing sintering on the blank in the step two, and carrying out isothermal cooling to obtain the metal matrix composite brake pad.
The method for preparing the metal matrix composite brake pad as described above, wherein in the step one, the powder mixing is specifically performed by: and (3) loading the raw material components of the metal matrix composite brake pad into a V-shaped mixer, and mixing for 3-5 hours, wherein the rotating speed of the V-shaped mixer is 10-30 r/min.
The method for preparing the metal matrix composite brake pad as described above, wherein in the second step, the pressure of the press forming is 50 to 90MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 20 to 30 s.
The method for preparing the metal matrix composite brake pad as described above, wherein in the third step, the hot-pressing sintering specifically comprises the following steps: and heating the green body to 850-940 ℃ by adopting a pressurized sintering furnace, preserving heat for 1.5-2.0 h, wherein the sintering pressure is 10-30 MPa, and the atmosphere is hydrogen.
The method for preparing the metal matrix composite brake pad as described above, wherein in the third step, the isothermal cooling is specifically performed by: cooling to 500 ℃ at the speed of 6-25 ℃/min, and introducing nitrogen; cooling to below 200 deg.C, discharging, and air cooling to room temperature.
According to the metal matrix composite brake pad, the nano copper wire and the copper powder in the formula have very good intermiscibility, the nano copper wire constructs a heat conduction channel inside the brake pad, the heat conduction performance of the material is improved, and the requirements of a high-speed train on the brake pad can be met.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the metal matrix composite material brake pad has small friction coefficient fluctuation, low abrasion loss and stable friction performance under the condition of high-speed braking of a train;
(2) the metal matrix composite material brake pad has good heat conducting property, can effectively reduce the adhesion of friction materials on a brake disc in the braking process, and has small damage to the brake disc.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a linear plot of the mean coefficient of friction tolerance requirements for a metal matrix composite brake pad according to an embodiment of the present invention in dry conditions.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings.
The starting materials used in the examples were obtained by conventional commercial means. In the following examples, 1 part by weight generally represents 1kg, but other units by mass may be used.
Example 1
The metal matrix composite brake pad comprises the following raw material components:
metal powder: 35 parts of copper powder, 13 parts of iron powder, 10 parts of ferrochrome powder, 10 parts of zircon sand, 1 part of ferroboron powder, 5 parts of ferromolybdenum powder, 0.5 part of tungsten powder and 3 parts of molybdenum disulfide powder;
non-metal powder: 5 parts of natural granular graphite, 8 parts of natural flaky graphite and 1 part of artificial granular graphite;
nano copper wire: 10 parts by weight.
The copper powder is electrolytic copper powder, and the particle size is 45-75 mu m.
The iron powder is reduced iron powder, the purity is more than or equal to 98%, and the particle size is 45-75 microns.
The ferrochrome powder is medium-carbon ferrochrome powder, wherein the chromium content is 60 percent, and the carbon content is 1 percent; the particle size is 45 to 75 μm.
The boron iron powder is low-carbon boron iron powder, wherein the boron content is 25%, and the carbon content is 0.1%; the particle size is 75 to 200 μm.
The particle size of the tungsten powder is 45-75 mu m.
The particle size of the molybdenum disulfide powder is 10-40 mu m.
The fixed carbon content of the non-metal powder is more than or equal to 98 percent, and the particle size of the artificial granular graphite is 0.5-30 mu m.
The diameter of the nano copper wire is 1000nm, and the length of the nano copper wire is 15 microns; the nano copper wire is prepared by an electrodeposition method.
The metal matrix composite brake pad described in this embodiment is prepared by the following method:
(1) powder mixing: weighing the raw material components according to the weight parts, loading the raw material components into a V-shaped mixer, and mixing for 5 hours at the rotating speed of 20r/min to obtain a mixture;
(2) pressing a green body: pressing and forming the mixture obtained in the step (1) under the pressure of 90MPa for 20s to obtain a blank;
(3) and (3) pressure sintering: carrying out hot-pressing sintering on the green body in the step (2), wherein the sintering pressure is 10MPa, the atmosphere is hydrogen, heating to 940 ℃, keeping the temperature for 1.5h, cooling to 500 ℃ at the speed of 20 ℃/min, and introducing nitrogen; cooling to below 200 ℃, discharging, and then air cooling to room temperature; and obtaining the metal matrix composite brake pad marked as a brake pad A.
The average thermal conductivity of the brake pad A is measured to be 45.2W/m.K (the average thermal conductivity of the brake pad material used by the current railway bureau is 35W/m.K), and the thermal conductivity is improved by 28.6 percent.
Example 2
The metal matrix composite brake pad comprises the following raw material components:
metal powder: 45 parts of copper powder, 10 parts of iron powder, 12 parts of ferrochrome powder, 3 parts of zircon sand, 3 parts of ferroboron powder, 1 part of ferromolybdenum powder, 1.5 parts of tungsten powder and 0.5 part of molybdenum disulfide powder;
non-metal powder: 15 parts of natural granular graphite, 1 part of natural flaky graphite and 3 parts of artificial granular graphite;
nano copper wire: 5 parts by weight.
The copper powder is reduced copper powder, and the particle size is 45-75 microns.
The iron powder is reduced iron powder, the purity is more than or equal to 98%, and the particle size is 45-75 microns.
The ferrochrome powder is high-carbon ferrochrome powder, wherein the chromium content is 72 percent, and the carbon content is 6 percent; the particle size is 45 to 75 μm.
The boron iron powder is medium-carbon boron iron powder, wherein the boron content is 16%, and the carbon content is 1.0%; the particle size is 75 to 200 μm.
The particle size of the tungsten powder is 45-75 mu m.
The particle size of the molybdenum disulfide powder is 10-40 mu m.
The fixed carbon content of the non-metal powder is more than or equal to 98 percent, and the particle size of the artificial granular graphite is 0.5-30 mu m.
The diameter of the nano copper wire is 50nm, and the length of the nano copper wire is 5 microns; the nano copper wire is prepared by an electrodeposition method.
The metal matrix composite brake pad described in this embodiment is prepared by the following method:
(1) powder mixing: weighing the raw material components according to the weight parts, loading the raw material components into a V-shaped mixer, and mixing for 3 hours at the rotating speed of 60r/min to obtain a mixture;
(2) pressing a green body: pressing and forming the mixture obtained in the step (1) under the pressure of 50MPa for 30s to obtain a blank;
(3) and (3) pressure sintering: carrying out hot-pressing sintering on the blank in the step (2), wherein the sintering pressure is 30MPa, the atmosphere is hydrogen, heating to 850 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2.0h, cooling to 500 ℃ at the speed of 6 ℃/min, and introducing nitrogen; cooling to below 200 ℃, discharging, and then air cooling to room temperature; and obtaining the metal matrix composite brake pad marked as brake pad B.
The average thermal conductivity of the brake pad B is measured to be 41.8W/m.K (the average thermal conductivity of the brake pad material used by the current railway bureau is 35W/m.K) by sampling, and the thermal conductivity is improved by 19.4 percent.
Example 3
The metal matrix composite brake pad comprises the following raw material components:
metal powder: 40 parts of copper powder, 6 parts of iron powder, 15 parts of ferrochrome powder, 6 parts of zircon sand, 5 parts of ferroboron powder, 3 parts of ferromolybdenum powder, 1.0 part of tungsten powder and 1.5 parts of molybdenum disulfide powder;
non-metal powder: 10 parts of natural granular graphite, 3 parts of natural flaky graphite and 5 parts of artificial granular graphite;
nano copper wire: 8 parts by weight.
The copper powder is water atomized copper powder, and the particle size is 45-75 microns.
The iron powder is reduced iron powder, the purity is more than or equal to 98%, and the particle size is 45-75 microns.
The ferrochrome powder is high-carbon ferrochrome powder, wherein the chromium content is 65 percent, and the carbon content is 10 percent; the particle size is 45 to 75 μm.
The boron iron powder is low-carbon boron iron powder, wherein the boron content is 9 percent, and the carbon content is 0.2 percent; the particle size is 75 to 200 μm.
The particle size of the tungsten powder is 45-75 mu m.
The particle size of the molybdenum disulfide powder is 10-40 mu m.
The fixed carbon content of the non-metal powder is more than or equal to 98 percent, and the particle size of the artificial granular graphite is 0.5-30 mu m.
The diameter of the nano copper wire is 500nm, and the length of the nano copper wire is 12 microns; the nano copper wire is prepared by an electrodeposition method.
The metal matrix composite brake pad described in this embodiment is prepared by the following method:
(1) powder mixing: weighing the raw material components according to the weight parts, loading the raw material components into a V-shaped mixer, and mixing for 4 hours at the rotating speed of 40r/min to obtain a mixture;
(2) pressing a green body: pressing and forming the mixture obtained in the step (1) under the pressure of 70MPa for 25s to obtain a blank;
(3) and (3) pressure sintering: carrying out hot-pressing sintering on the green body in the step (2), wherein the sintering pressure is 20MPa, the atmosphere is hydrogen, heating to 900 ℃, keeping the temperature for 1.8h, cooling to 500 ℃ at the speed of 25 ℃/min, and introducing nitrogen; cooling to below 200 ℃, discharging, and then air cooling to room temperature; and obtaining the metal matrix composite brake pad marked as brake pad C.
The average thermal conductivity of the brake pad C is measured to be 43.8W/m.K (the average thermal conductivity of the brake pad material used by the current railway bureau is 35W/m.K) by sampling, and the thermal conductivity is improved by 25.1 percent.
Examples brake pad A-C Friction wear test
A1: 1 brake power test bed is used as a test instrument for testing the frictional wear performance of the brake pad, the brake pad A-C prepared in the embodiment 1-3 of the invention is subjected to a brake test, and the specific experimental procedures are carried out according to C.6 and C.7 in the technical condition of temporary brake pad movement of motor train unit TJ/CL 307-2019.
According to the above test method, the average friction coefficient and the wear loss of each brake pad are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Friction-wear Performance test results for brake pads A-C
Table 2 and FIG. 1 show the requirements of standard TJ/CL307-2019 'Motor train unit brake lining temporary technical conditions' on frictional wear performance.
TABLE 2
FIG. 1 shows the tolerance requirement of the average friction coefficient under the brake pad dry condition, and in combination with the requirements of Table 2 and FIG. 1, it can be seen from Table 1 that the average friction coefficient of the brake pads A-C at the speed of 0-350km per hour always meets the requirement of the standard TJ/CL307-2019 brake pad temporary technical condition of the motor train unit, the friction coefficient is stable, and the average abrasion loss in the whole brake test process is lower than 0.35cm 3/MJ. The brake pad provided by the invention has the advantages that the friction coefficient can meet the standard requirement, the friction coefficient fluctuation is small, the abrasion loss is low, the friction performance is very stable during high-speed braking, and the braking requirement of a high-speed train can be met.
The above-mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present invention are merely for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments. Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that the above embodiment method can be implemented by some modifications plus the necessary general technical overlap; of course, the method can also be realized by simplifying some important technical features in the upper level. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention essentially or contributing to the prior art is: methods and compositions in general, and in accordance with the methods described in the various embodiments of the invention.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A metal matrix composite brake pad, comprising: metal powder, nonmetal powder and nano copper wire; the metal powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35-45 parts of copper powder, 6-13 parts of iron powder, 10-15 parts of ferrochrome powder, 3-10 parts of zircon sand, 1-5 parts of ferroboron powder, 1-5 parts of ferromolybdenum powder, 0.5-1.5 parts of tungsten powder and 0.5-3 parts of molybdenum disulfide powder; the nonmetal powder comprises the following components in parts by mass: 5-15 parts of natural granular graphite, 1-8 parts of natural flaky graphite and 1-5 parts of artificial granular graphite; the mass ratio of the nano copper wire is 5-10; the copper powder is at least one of electrolytic copper powder, reduction copper powder or water atomization copper powder, and the particle size of the copper powder is 45-75 microns; the iron powder is reduced iron powder, the purity is more than or equal to 98%, and the particle size of the iron powder is 45-75 microns; the diameter of the nano copper wire is 50-1000 nm, and the length of the nano copper wire is 5-15 mu m; the nano copper wire is prepared by an electrodeposition method.
2. The metal matrix composite brake pad according to claim 1, wherein the molybdenum disulfide powder has a particle size of 10 to 40 μm; the particle diameter of the artificial granular graphite is 0.5-30 mu m.
3. A method for preparing the metal matrix composite brake pad of any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising the steps of: step one, powder mixing: weighing and fully mixing the raw material components of the metal matrix composite brake pad of any one of claims 1-2 to obtain a mixture; step two, pressing a green body: pressing and forming the mixture obtained in the step one to obtain a green body; step three, pressure sintering: carrying out hot-pressing sintering on the blank in the step two, and carrying out isothermal cooling to obtain the metal matrix composite brake pad;
in the third step, the hot-pressing sintering specifically comprises the following operations: heating the green body to 850-940 ℃ by adopting a pressurized sintering furnace, preserving heat for 1.5-2.0 h, wherein the sintering pressure is 10-30 MPa, and the atmosphere is hydrogen;
in the third step, the isothermal cooling specifically comprises the following operations: cooling to 500 ℃ at the speed of 6-25 ℃/min, and introducing nitrogen; cooling to below 200 deg.C, discharging, and air cooling to room temperature.
4. The method for preparing a metal matrix composite brake pad according to claim 3, wherein the powder mixing in the first step is performed by: and (3) loading the raw material components of the metal matrix composite brake pad into a V-shaped mixer, and mixing for 3-5 hours, wherein the rotating speed of the V-shaped mixer is 10-30 r/min.
5. The method for preparing the metal matrix composite brake pad according to claim 4, wherein in the second step, the pressure of the press forming is 50-90 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 20-30 s.
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