CN113101879A - 一种板蓝根挥发油微胶囊的制备 - Google Patents

一种板蓝根挥发油微胶囊的制备 Download PDF

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CN113101879A
CN113101879A CN202110336295.XA CN202110336295A CN113101879A CN 113101879 A CN113101879 A CN 113101879A CN 202110336295 A CN202110336295 A CN 202110336295A CN 113101879 A CN113101879 A CN 113101879A
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volatile oil
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李健昕
吴佳意
徐达豪
李嘉星
马瑜昊
黎坚霖
李冠贤
容焯嗣
洪昊鹏
梁雪芳
辜展鸿
李晓欣
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种板蓝根挥发油微胶囊的制备,属于微胶囊加工技术领域,包括如下步骤:(1)通过下列方法之一进行板蓝根有效成分的提取:1)水蒸气蒸馏提取法;2)连续回流溶剂提取法(索式提取法);(2)板蓝根挥发油的乳化;(3)复凝聚反应;(4)交联固化;(5)后处理。本申请发明了一种板蓝根挥发油微胶囊织物复合整理剂,采用化学交联接枝的方法对织物进行微胶囊的整理,使板蓝根挥发油微胶囊在织物上能达到良好的附着效果和耐洗性能,具有较长时期高效、广谱、安全的抗菌性能,同时具有耐久防皱效果和无甲醛释放,不但提高了织物的附加值,满足人们对高质量,高技术含量的纺织品的需求,而且挖掘了中药微胶囊在织物功能性整理方面的潜力,促进了我国微胶囊技术在纺织服装领域的应用。

Description

一种板蓝根挥发油微胶囊的制备
技术领域
本发明属于微胶囊加工技术领域,具体涉及一种板蓝根挥发油微胶囊的制备。
背景技术
传统服装具有保温御寒的功能,随着社会的日益发展,人们的抗菌防病意识不断增强,因此具有抗菌保健功能、可保护身体健康、减少疾病传播的服装,受到人们的青睐。本申请旨在提供一种具有耐久、特效抗菌保健功能的板蓝根挥发油微胶囊织物整理剂,并将其应用于织物功能整理。
板蓝根作为我国一类传统中草药,具有清热解毒、凉血利咽的功效,可广泛用于温病发热、发斑、喉痹、丹毒、痈肿、风热感冒等;可防治流行性乙型肝炎、急慢性肝炎、流行性腮腺炎、骨髓炎等较强的抗病毒活性,同时还有抗菌、抗内毒素、抗癌、免疫调节及活血化瘀等作用。因此,其药品制剂的研究开发得到了广泛关注,特别是板蓝根对SARS的防治作用、H5N1的防治作用、COVID-19的防治作用肯定后,再次成为人们研究的焦点和热点。
然而,令人遗憾的是,虽然板蓝根已成为我国防治疗各类呼吸道传染病的一味重要中成药,但对板蓝根挥发油的应用仍然还停留在研究场面,远远滞后于其它中草药挥发油(如艾叶油)。其中一个重要原因是由于板蓝根挥发油挥发性较强,有效成分不稳定,容易损失,不便于贮藏,,限制了其进一步的应用。但事实上,在我国医疗卫生领域,各类预防类抗菌纺织材料(如口罩、抗菌服装)产业的滞后已严重制约了我国医疗卫生事业的发展,尤其给我国的医疗卫生工作者带来极大的生命危险,例如在SAS中,绝大多数牺牲在工作岗位的医务工作者是由于防护不当所引起。因此,研究开发具有高效抗菌抗病毒的防护产品尤其纺织产品已成为一个非常迫切的问题,引起了国内外许多研究机构的关注。
微胶囊技术是指利用天然、半合成或合成高分子材料将分散的固体、液体,甚至是气体物质包裹起来,形成具有半透性或密封囊膜的微小粒子的技术,包囊的过程即为微胶囊化(microencapsulation),形成的微小粒子称为微胶囊(microcapsule)。微胶囊直径一般为1-1000μm,壳的壁厚在0.2-10μm范围内。传统微胶囊技术在织物上的应用通过黏合剂把香料微胶囊黏结到纤维上。但通过胶粘剂将微胶囊直接粘结在织物上存在着微胶囊与织物纤维之间亲和力和有效成分作用持久性的问题,或者采用微胶囊与合成纤维共混纺丝的方法,该方法投资大,对技术设备要求高,且主要只适用于合成纤维,而对棉麻等天然织物纤维不适用。
目前有关板蓝根挥发油微胶囊的制备未见详细报道,国内武汉大学化学与分子科学学院朱银燕等(朱银燕,张高勇,洪昕林,董金凤,张晓光,曾晖,微乳中微胶囊的复凝聚法制备.化学学报,2005,63(16):1505-1509.)将复凝聚法引入到微乳体系中,制备含氯氰菊酯的微胶囊。王锦成等(王锦成,陈思浩,徐子成,胡燕华辣椒素的微胶囊的合成及性能研究.化工新型材料,2007,2,35(2):55-57.)以明胶为囊壁、辣椒素为囊芯,采用单凝聚法制备了辣椒素的微胶囊。方玉堂等(王锦成,陈思浩,徐子成,胡燕华辣椒素的微胶囊的合成及性能研究.化工新型材料,2007,2,35(2):55-57.)采用超声波工艺及细乳液原位聚合方法,研制了以聚苯乙烯为囊壁、正十八烷为囊芯的微胶囊相变材料。国外Park等(Park S J,KimK S,Hong S K1 Preparation and t hermal properties of polystyere nanoparticlescontaining phase change materials as t hermal storage medium1 J1Polymer2Korea,2005,29(1):8213.)通过细乳液聚合法合成了以石蜡为核、聚苯乙烯为壳的稳定球形微胶囊。制备板蓝根水溶性和油溶性芯材的微胶囊。选择相应的无毒无害可降解材料,做为壁材,优化微胶囊制备工艺条件,测量微胶囊的包覆率和载药量,提高以上两个数据,取得最大原料利用率。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有的问题,提供了一种板蓝根挥发油微胶囊的制备。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种板蓝根挥发油微胶囊的制备,包括如下步骤:
(1)通过下列方法之一进行板蓝根有效成分的提取:
1)水蒸气蒸馏提取法:
称取180g板蓝根粉末于圆底烧瓶中,加入540mL,80℃的蒸馏水搅拌均匀,装好蒸馏装置,加热提取,馏出物为板蓝根水提取液,水提液用石油醚萃取,石油醚层用无水硫酸钠干燥(v/g=10:1),过滤得板蓝根挥发油—石油醚溶液,再用旋转蒸发仪旋干溶剂石油醚,得板蓝根挥发油0.6g;
2)连续回流溶剂提取法(索式提取法):
a)以80%乙醇为溶剂,称取180g板蓝根粉末,用纱布包扎后置入索式提取器中,加入1000mL 80%的乙醇,恒温水浴中回流,过滤,得板蓝根乙醇提取液;
b)以乙酸乙酯为溶剂,称取180g板蓝根粉末,用纱布包扎后置入索式提取器中,加入1000mL乙酸乙酯作为溶剂,恒温水浴中回流,过滤,得板蓝根乙酸乙酯提取液;
以上提取液分别旋转蒸发3/4的溶剂后用石油醚微萃取得板蓝根挥发油—石油醚溶液;
(2)板蓝根挥发油的乳化:
将明胶和阿拉伯胶置于三口烧瓶中,加入蒸馏水,置于40℃水浴中搅拌溶解,加入板蓝根挥发油乳化15min;
(3)复凝聚反应:
滴加20%HAC调节溶液的PH值至4.0,把搅拌速度降低到400r/min,复凝反应15min;
(4)交联固化:
用冰水浴降温至0~5℃,然后用20%NaOH溶液调节体系PH值至8.0~9.0,滴加入25%戊二醛溶液,冰浴30min,移入50℃的水浴中,固化;
(5)后处理:
在上述胶囊乳液中加入单宁,恒温水浴反应,抽滤,用蒸馏水洗涤2-3次,置于室温自然干燥至恒重,得浅褐色粉末状微胶囊固体产品。
进一步地,步骤(1)操作1)中所述的加热提取的时间为6h。
进一步地,步骤(1)操作2)操作a中所述的回流的温度为95℃,时间为7h。
进一步地,步骤(1)操作2)操作b中所述的回流的温度为92℃,时间为7h。
进一步地,步骤(4)中所述的固化时间为2h。
进一步地,步骤(5)中所述的恒温水浴反应的温度为40℃,时间为7h。
本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点:
1.本申请板蓝根微胶囊多功能织物整理剂的复配及应用化学交联方法对织物进行微胶囊整理方法是本申请的技术关键,包括整理剂各成分配比用量、染整工艺、烘培温度、催化剂选择及用量等。微胶囊抗菌整理剂在对织物整理的过程中,微胶囊、织物分别与2D树脂或丁烷四羧酸发生了化学交联反应,通过2D树脂的桥梁连接作用,微胶囊被固着在棉织物上,从而克服了使用粘合剂方法耐水洗性差的缺点,提高了微胶囊织物抗菌耐洗涤效果,赋予织物防皱性能的同时降低了织物甲醛释放含量,提高了织物的附加值,拓展了微胶囊织物整理剂的应用。经整理织物,不仅微胶囊与织物化学交联,同时2D树脂或丁烷四羧酸的用量必须适中,使整理织物具有防皱性能同时能合理降低其甲醛释放含量。
2.本申请板蓝根微胶囊的制备,包括制备微胶囊时所采用的芯壁比、乳化时的搅拌速度、戊二醛的用量、单宁的用量等,影响了微胶囊的形态、分散性、包覆率、载药量和抑菌率,织物整理时催化剂的用量,焙烘的温度和时间等影响了织物的手感、颜色和微胶囊的附着性。
3.本申请发明了板蓝根挥发油微胶囊织物复合整理剂,并首次采用了化学交联方法对织物进行板蓝根挥发油微胶囊多功能整理,本申请以传统防皱树脂作为微胶囊和织物的化学交联剂方法未见文献报道。
4.本申请采用复凝聚法制备明胶-阿拉伯胶板蓝根挥发油微胶囊,制备工艺简单,所制备的胶囊具有分散性好、形态规整、乳液稳定性高,包覆率高和缓释效果好,适合进一步复配制备板蓝根挥发油微胶囊多功能织物整理剂。
5.本申请采用化学交联方法对板蓝根挥发油微胶囊在织物上的整理进行了研究,所整理织物具有抗菌抗病毒功能和防皱功能;实现了防皱整理和微胶囊整理工艺的有机结合,从而赋予整理纺织产品的高性价比。
6.本申请首次发明板蓝根微胶囊织物整理剂,提出以2D树脂或丁烷四羧酸作交联剂,采用化学交联的方法,将板蓝根微胶囊附在织物上,使微胶囊与织物之间形成化学键,而不是简单的物理粘结。
7.本申请提出的用复凝聚法制备板蓝根挥发油微胶囊的条件温和,操作工艺简单,生产成本低,容易实施,并可用于板蓝根挥发油微胶囊复合整理剂的复配。
8.本申请所制备的微胶囊粒径小,分散性好,形貌规整,缓释性能强,不会对使用材料的物理机械性能造成较大的影响,故而其使用范围广泛。
9.本申请拟通过优化板蓝根挥发油提取技术,将板蓝根挥发油微胶囊化,与传统防皱整理剂复配,采用化学交联工艺,将其应用于织物抗菌整理,该方法使得板蓝根微胶囊在织物上能达到良好的附着效果和耐洗性能,具有较长时期高效、广谱、安全的抗菌性能,同时具有耐久防皱效果,该类抗菌织物可广泛应用于防护口罩、防菌服装和休闲保健产品,该类产品原料材料来源丰富、价格低廉,同时可应用现有防皱整理工艺设备,如实现产业化,将产生一定的经济效益和社会效益,不但提高了织物的附加值,满足人们对高质量,高技术含量的纺织品的需求,而且挖掘了微胶囊在织物功能性整理方面的潜力,促进了我国微胶囊技术在纺织服装领域的应用。同时对于中草药挥发油的应用研究具有一定的参考价值。
附图说明
图1为微胶囊的表面形态;
图2为粒径分布图;
图3为交联接枝法整理织物;
图4为粘合剂整理织物;
图5为制备的微胶囊扫描电镜(SEM)图片;
图6为经微胶囊整理的织物SEM图片。
具体实施方式
一种板蓝根挥发油微胶囊的制备,包括如下步骤:
(1)通过下列方法之一进行板蓝根有效成分的提取:
1)水蒸气蒸馏提取法:
称取180g板蓝根粉末于圆底烧瓶中,加入540mL,80℃的蒸馏水搅拌均匀,装好蒸馏装置,加热提取6h,馏出物为板蓝根水提取液,水提液用石油醚萃取,石油醚层用无水硫酸钠干燥(v/g=10:1),过滤得板蓝根挥发油—石油醚溶液,再用旋转蒸发仪旋干溶剂石油醚,得板蓝根挥发油0.6g;
2)连续回流溶剂提取法(索式提取法):
a)以80%乙醇为溶剂,称取180g板蓝根粉末,用纱布包扎后置入索式提取器中,加入1000mL 80%的乙醇,95℃恒温水浴中回流7h,过滤,得板蓝根乙醇提取液;
b)以乙酸乙酯为溶剂,称取180g板蓝根粉末,用纱布包扎后置入索式提取器中,加入1000mL乙酸乙酯作为溶剂,92℃恒温水浴中回流7h,过滤,得板蓝根乙酸乙酯提取液;
以上提取液分别旋转蒸发3/4的溶剂后用石油醚微萃取得板蓝根挥发油—石油醚溶液;
(2)板蓝根挥发油的乳化:
将明胶和阿拉伯胶置于三口烧瓶中,加入蒸馏水,置于40℃水浴中搅拌溶解,加入板蓝根挥发油乳化15min;
(3)复凝聚反应:
滴加20%HAC调节溶液的PH值至4.0,把搅拌速度降低到400r/min,复凝反应15min;
(4)交联固化:
用冰水浴降温至0~5℃,然后用20%NaOH溶液调节体系PH值至8.0~9.0,滴加入25%戊二醛溶液,冰浴30min,移入50℃的水浴中,固化2h;
(5)后处理:
在上述胶囊乳液中加入单宁,40℃恒温水浴反应7h,抽滤,用蒸馏水洗涤2-3次,置于室温自然干燥至恒重,得浅褐色粉末状微胶囊固体产品。
为了对比本申请技术效果,对本申请方法制备的板蓝根挥发油微胶囊进行形态、大小以及效果检测。具体的为:
(一)实验仪器和试剂
1、实验仪器
水蒸气蒸馏提取装置(自制),500ml索氏提取器,电动搅拌机,数显恒温水浴锅,恒温恒湿箱,电热恒温鼓风干燥箱,AR2140分析天平,旋转蒸发仪,生物显微镜,JMS-25S型扫描电子显微镜,UV—2550紫外可见分光光度计,高压灭菌锅,洁净工作台等。
2、实验试剂
明胶(化学纯,上海润捷化学试剂有限公司),阿拉伯胶(AG)(化学纯,广州南方化玻公司进口分装),板蓝根(河北板蓝根,广州市白云健药品有限公司),其它为分析纯试剂。
(二)实验内容
1、板蓝根有效成分的提取
(1)水蒸气蒸馏提取法
称取180g板蓝根粉末于圆底烧瓶中,加入540mL 80℃的蒸馏水搅拌均匀,装好蒸馏装置,加热提取6h,馏出物为板蓝根水提取液。水提液用石油醚萃取,石油醚层用无水硫酸钠干燥(v/g=10:1),过滤得板蓝根挥发油—石油醚溶液,再用旋转蒸发仪旋干溶剂石油醚,得板蓝根挥发油0.6g。
(2)连续回流溶剂提取法(索式提取法)
a)以80%乙醇为溶剂,称取180g板蓝根粉末,用纱布包扎后置入索式提取器中,加入1000mL 80%的乙醇,95℃恒温水浴中回流7h,过滤,得板蓝根乙醇提取液。
b)以乙酸乙酯为溶剂,称取180g板蓝根粉末,用纱布包扎后置入索式提取器中,加入1000mL乙酸乙酯作为溶剂,92℃恒温水浴中回流7h,过滤,得板蓝根乙酸乙酯提取液。
以上提取液分别旋转蒸发3/4的溶剂后用石油醚微萃取得板蓝根挥发油—石油醚溶液。
2、板蓝根提取物的抗菌试验
菌悬液的制备:用接种环轻轻划取一环活化的菌种加入20mL营养肉汤中(蛋白胨0.2g,牛肉浸膏0.1g,氯化钠0.1g,蒸馏水20mL,pH6.8±0.1),于37℃恒温培养箱中培养24h,用无菌生理盐水将菌悬液稀释至106cfu/mL,备用。
药敏纸片的制备:将40g板蓝根粉末置于200mL各提取溶剂中提取,浓缩后将板蓝根各提取液分别制成浓度为1g/mL的药液,高压蒸汽灭菌(121℃,10min);将高压灭菌的直径为6mm的圆形滤纸片分别在板蓝根各提取药液及对比空白溶剂中浸泡40min,取出晾干,即为相应的药敏纸片。
抗菌试验观察:取0.2mL 106cfu/mL菌液到琼脂培养基上涂布均匀,在各含菌培养基表面间隔一定距离贴上药敏纸片,37℃恒温恒湿培养箱中培养24h,测定抑菌圈的大小,以上实验重复3次,取其平均值。抑菌圈直径>20mm为高敏;抑菌圈直径为10~19mm为中敏;抑菌圈直径<10mm为钝敏(李昌灵,刘胜贵,吴镝,等.木芙蓉落叶提取物的抑菌作用研究[J].食品工业科技,2009,11(30):97-101)。
3、板蓝根有效成分提取液微胶囊的制备
复凝聚法制备微囊微球具有反应条件较温和,反应过程易控制,避免使用有机相溶剂等优点(Bujan M J,Stober S M,Anguiano-Igea S,et al.Obtention of chitosan-acacia microcapsules by coacervation preliminarystudies[J].Eur.J.Pharm.Sci.,1996,4(1):135-144.[12]匡卫,刘枫.松节油微胶囊化的研究[J].皮革化工,2007,24(1):5-8)。本文采用复凝聚法制备板蓝根挥发油微胶囊采用抑菌效果最好的板蓝根挥发油作为芯材,以明胶和阿拉伯胶为壁材,并以戊二醛作为固化剂。本文采用的壁材明胶和阿拉伯胶是无毒、稳定、成膜性较好的天然高分子材料,且明胶、阿拉伯胶本身具有亲水亲油性,是良好的天然水包油型乳化分散剂。明胶来源广泛、价格便宜,能与醛类发生交联反应,形成缓释层(Huang Y I,Yu Cheng H S,Yu C C.Microencapsulation of extract containingshikonin using gelatin–acacia coacervation method:a formaldehyde-freeapproach[J].Colloids Surf.B.,2007,58:290-297.Chang C P,Leung T K,Lin S M,HsuC C.Release properties on gelatin-arabic gum microcapsules containing camphoroil with added polystyrene[J].Colloids Surf.B.,2006,50:136-140.宋健,陈磊,李效军.微胶囊化技术及应用[M].化学工业出版社,2001)。
(1)板蓝根挥发油微胶囊的制备
称取一定量明胶、阿拉伯胶(质量比1∶1)置于100ml三口烧瓶中,加入50ml蒸馏水,置于45℃水浴中搅拌溶解,加入板蓝根挥发油,在转速为1500r/min下乳化10min;滴加10%醋酸溶液至体系pH值为4.0,转速为400r/min搅拌15mim,体系乳液复凝完全后移入冰浴降温至0~5℃,滴加10%氢氧化钠溶液调pH值6~7,加固化剂25%戊二醛(与壁材明胶比为4∶1(v/m))继续搅拌0.5h,移入50℃水浴持续搅拌2h,加入单宁(与壁材明胶质量比为1.5∶1)在40℃、600r/min条件下反应7h使微囊固化完全。反应结束后,抽滤,冷冻干燥后可得浅褐色粉末状板蓝根挥发油微胶囊。
试验结果:
(1)板蓝根挥发油微胶囊的形态及抗菌效果:
1)外观形态:浅褐色粉末状颗粒,规则球形,如图1和图5。
2)粒径大小:粒径分布在200nm左右,如图2。
3)分布情况:符合正态分布,如图2。
4)微胶囊的载药量:>50%。
5)缓释效果:七天后微胶囊仍载有板蓝根油。
6)抗菌效果:37℃恒温6天后,抑菌效果仍达到90%。
(2)板蓝根挥发油微胶囊织物整理剂:
1)外观形态:乳状液,稳定无沉淀,50度加热1h无明显沉淀。
2)防皱树脂含量:大于10%。
3)板蓝根微胶囊含量:大于10%。
4)催化剂含量:>3%。
(3)整理后的织物:
1)折皱回复角在300℃以上。
2)板蓝根挥发油含量为0.01%以上。
3)抗菌性能:抑菌率达到80%以上。
4)耐洗性能:10次洗涤后抑菌率在70%以上。
5)本申请首次发明板蓝根微胶囊织物整理剂,提出以2D树脂或丁烷四羧酸作交联剂,采用化学交联的方法,将板蓝根微胶囊附在织物上,使微胶囊与织物之间形成化学键,而不是简单的物理粘结,如图3,图4和图6。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,但本发明不以所示限定实施范围,凡是依照本发明的构想所作的改变,或修改为等同变化的等效实施例,仍未超出说明书所涵盖的精神时,均应在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (6)

1.一种板蓝根挥发油微胶囊的制备,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)通过下列方法之一进行板蓝根有效成分的提取:
1)水蒸气蒸馏提取法:
称取180g板蓝根粉末于圆底烧瓶中,加入540mL,80℃的蒸馏水搅拌均匀,
装好蒸馏装置,加热提取,馏出物为板蓝根水提取液,水提液用石油醚萃取,石油醚层用无水硫酸钠干燥(v/g=10:1),过滤得板蓝根挥发油—石油醚溶液,再用旋转蒸发仪旋干溶剂石油醚,得板蓝根挥发油0.6g;
2)连续回流溶剂提取法(索式提取法):
a)以80%乙醇为溶剂,称取180g板蓝根粉末,用纱布包扎后置入索式提取器中,加入1000mL 80%的乙醇,恒温水浴中回流,过滤,得板蓝根乙醇提取液;
b)以乙酸乙酯为溶剂,称取180g板蓝根粉末,用纱布包扎后置入索式提取器中,加入1000mL乙酸乙酯作为溶剂,恒温水浴中回流,过滤,得板蓝根乙酸乙酯提取液;
以上提取液分别旋转蒸发3/4的溶剂后用石油醚微萃取得板蓝根挥发油—石油醚溶液;
(2)板蓝根挥发油的乳化:
将明胶和阿拉伯胶置于三口烧瓶中,加入蒸馏水,置于40℃水浴中搅拌溶解,加入板蓝根挥发油乳化15min;
(3)复凝聚反应:
滴加20%HAC调节溶液的PH值至4.0,把搅拌速度降低到400r/min,复凝反应15min;
(4)交联固化:
用冰水浴降温至0~5℃,然后用20%NaOH溶液调节体系PH值至8.0~9.0,滴加入25%戊二醛溶液,冰浴30min,移入50℃的水浴中,固化;
(5)后处理:
在上述胶囊乳液中加入单宁,恒温水浴反应,抽滤,用蒸馏水洗涤2-3次,置于室温自然干燥至恒重,得浅褐色粉末状微胶囊固体产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种板蓝根挥发油微胶囊的制备,其特征在于,步骤(1)操作1)中所述的加热提取的时间为6h。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种板蓝根挥发油微胶囊的制备,其特征在于,步骤(1)操作2)操作a中所述的回流的温度为95℃,时间为7h。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种板蓝根挥发油微胶囊的制备,其特征在于,步骤(1)操作2)操作b中所述的回流的温度为92℃,时间为7h。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种板蓝根挥发油微胶囊的制备,其特征在于,步骤(4)中所述的固化时间为2h。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种板蓝根挥发油微胶囊的制备,其特征在于,步骤(5)中所述的恒温水浴反应的温度为40℃,时间为7h。
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