CN113096627B - Elastic wave diode based on fluid-like characteristics and modal conversion effect - Google Patents
Elastic wave diode based on fluid-like characteristics and modal conversion effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN113096627B CN113096627B CN202110276147.3A CN202110276147A CN113096627B CN 113096627 B CN113096627 B CN 113096627B CN 202110276147 A CN202110276147 A CN 202110276147A CN 113096627 B CN113096627 B CN 113096627B
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000002902 bimodal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010073 coating (rubber) Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/172—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using resonance effects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/36—Devices for manipulating acoustic surface waves
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Abstract
The invention discloses an elastic wave diode based on fluid-like characteristics and modal conversion effect, which comprises a fluid-like elastic metamaterial, a modal conversion elastic metamaterial and an isotropic background medium, wherein the fluid-like elastic metamaterial and the modal conversion elastic metamaterial are respectively and periodically arranged in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of a plane where the unit cells are located, one side of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial is connected with the isotropic background medium for inputting/outputting vibration signals, the other side of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial is connected with the modal conversion elastic metamaterial, and the other side of the modal conversion elastic metamaterial is connected with the isotropic background medium for outputting/inputting vibration signals. In a specific frequency range, the fluid-like elastic metamaterial can only pass through longitudinal waves and cannot pass through transverse waves, and the mode conversion elastic metamaterial can realize conversion between transverse waves and longitudinal waves.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of elastic wave nonreciprocal transmission, in particular to an elastic wave diode based on fluid-like characteristics and modal conversion effects.
Background
An acoustic diode is an acoustic rectifying device, similar to the electrical rectifying effect of an electronic diode, which can achieve an acoustic rectifying effect. The acoustic diode can be applied to various important occasions needing special control of acoustic energy, for example, the unidirectional mirror can prevent an ultrasonic source from being interfered by a backward wave or unidirectional acoustic wave barrier so as to block environmental noise in a single direction. In addition, the acoustic diode is more expected to have revolutionary influence on key fields such as medical ultrasonic treatment.
The current acoustic diode for realizing the unidirectional transmission of sound waves/elastic waves can be mainly divided into two types of nonlinear models, and the unidirectional transmission of sound waves is realized by combining a strong nonlinear acoustic medium with a linear superlattice structure, utilizing the frequency conversion characteristic of the nonlinear medium and the band gap characteristic of the superlattice structure, so that the sound waves with the frequency within the band gap of the superlattice can change the frequency if entering from one side of the nonlinear medium so as to pass through the superlattice structure, and if entering from one side of the superlattice, the sound waves can be blocked. The other type is a linear model, and the unidirectional transmission of sound waves is realized by breaking the space inversion symmetry by utilizing a grating, phonon crystal, super surface and the like with asymmetric structures.
As a novel functional material, the acoustic metamaterial can realize fluid-like characteristics and modal conversion effects by designing material parameters of the acoustic metamaterial. By designing the effective mass density ρ 11 And ρ 22 Different numbers in a specific frequency range can realize fluid-like characteristics that only longitudinal waves can pass through the frequency range in the section and transverse waves can not pass through the frequency range. The modal conversion effect can realize the mutual conversion between transverse waves and longitudinal waves, and is mainly realized in two modes, namely based on a cross-modal Fabry-Perot interference theory and based on a bimodal quarter-wavelength impedance matching theory. By combining an elastic metamaterial with fluid-like properties and an elastic metamaterial capable of achieving a modal switching effect, nonreciprocal transmission of elastic waves can be achieved.
At present, the acoustic diode still has the problem of low transmission efficiency. Therefore, it is very important to design a class of elastic wave diodes with high transmission efficiency. The present invention addresses this need.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an elastic wave diode based on fluid-like characteristics and modal conversion effect, and the diode can solve the problem of low transmission efficiency of the conventional acoustic diode.
Aiming at the purposes, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an elastic wave diode based on fluid-like characteristics and modal-switching effects comprises a fluid-like elastic metamaterial, a modal-switching elastic metamaterial and an isotropic background medium.
The unit cell of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial and the unit cell of the modal-converted metamaterial are both of three-component structures, and are local resonance unit cells, and a physical model of the unit cell can be simplified into a mass-spring-mass model.
The three-phase material of the unit cell is selected according to whether the material characteristics of the unit cell accord with a physical model, for example, the outermost layer material is epoxy resin, the middle layer material is rubber, and the innermost layer lead core is wrapped.
One side of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial is connected with an isotropic background medium for inputting/outputting vibration signals, the other side of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial is connected with the modal-converting elastic metamaterial, and the other side of the modal-converting elastic metamaterial is connected with the isotropic background medium for outputting/inputting vibration signals.
The fluid-like elastic metamaterial is obtained by periodically arranging unit cells along the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of a plane, round holes with different sizes are respectively formed in a rubber coating layer along the up-down direction, the left-right direction of a lead core in the unit cells, and the sizes of the round holes can be according to the effective mass density rho 11 And ρ 22 And adjusting the different numbers.
The mode conversion elastic metamaterial is obtained by periodically arranging single cells along the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of the plane, wherein round holes with different sizes are respectively formed in the rubber coating along the positive and negative 45-degree directions of the lead block in the single cells.
The invention designs mode conversion elastic metamaterial unit cell based on a bimodal quarter-wavelength impedance matching theory or a cross-mode Fabry-Perot interference theory, and the basic conditions of the bimodal quarter-wavelength impedance matching theory are as follows:
bimodal quarter wavelength phase matching condition
Wherein: d is the width of the modal-converted elastic metamaterial (2), m=1, 3,5., n FS 、n SS Is a prime integer lambda FS 、λ SS The wavelengths of a fast-tilting mode and a slow-tilting mode in the mode conversion elastic metamaterial (2) are respectively;
bimodal quarter wavelength impedance matching condition
Wherein:the dual-mode impedance of the modal-converted elastic metamaterial (2) and the isotropic background medium (3) are respectively;
polarization conditions
The polarization directions of the fast-skew mode and the slow-skew mode are respectively along the positive and negative 45-degree directions;
basic conditions of the cross-modal fabry-perot interference theory are as follows:
n FS +n SS =odd formula: d is the width of the modal-converted elastic metamaterial (2), m=1, 3,5., n FS 、n SS Is a prime integer lambda FS 、λ SS The wavelengths of a fast-tilting mode and a slow-tilting mode in the mode conversion elastic metamaterial (2) are respectively;
polarization conditions
The polarization directions of the fast-skew mode and the slow-skew mode are respectively along the positive and negative 45-degree directions.
In the elastic wave unidirectional transmission method, by taking the diode as an example, when a longitudinal vibration signal is input to one side of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial through an isotropic background medium and the frequency of the longitudinal wave is within the polarization passband of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial, the longitudinal wave can pass through the fluid-like elastic metamaterial, be converted into a transverse wave through the modal-converted elastic metamaterial, and be output through the isotropic background medium. When a longitudinal vibration signal is input from one side of the modal-converted elastic metamaterial, longitudinal waves are converted into transverse waves through the modal-converted elastic metamaterial, and the transverse waves are reflected back because the frequency of the converted transverse waves is within the band gap of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial, so that unidirectional transmission of the longitudinal waves is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the elastic wave diode improves the unidirectional transmission efficiency of elastic waves by combining the fluid-like elastic metamaterial and the modal-converted elastic metamaterial.
Furthermore, only longitudinal waves can pass through the fluid-like elastic metamaterial in a specific frequency range, so that the elastic wave screening function can be used for separating longitudinal waves and transverse waves in the specific frequency range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall assembly of an elastic wave diode of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a fluid-like elastic metamaterial according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a modal-converted elastic metamaterial according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing changes in reflectivity and transmissivity of transverse and longitudinal waves at incidence of the longitudinal wave according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the reflectance and transmittance changes of transverse and longitudinal waves at transverse wave incidence in accordance with the present invention;
the reference numerals are explained as follows:
1-class fluid elastic metamaterial, 2-mode conversion elastic metamaterial, 3-isotropic background medium, 4-epoxy resin, 5-rubber and 6-lead.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the elastic wave diode based on the fluid-like characteristics and the modal-switching effect of the present invention comprises a fluid-like elastic metamaterial 1, a modal-switching elastic metamaterial 2 and an isotropic background medium 3. The fluid-like elastic metamaterial 1 is connected with an isotropic background medium 3 for inputting/outputting vibration signals on one side, the modal-converting elastic metamaterial 2 on the other side, and the isotropic background medium 3 for outputting/inputting vibration signals on the other side.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the fluid-like elastic metamaterial 1 and the modal-converted elastic metamaterial 2 are respectively obtained by periodically arranging unit cells in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction of a plane, and each unit cell is of a three-component structure, is a local resonance unit cell, and can be simplified into a mass-spring-mass model by a physical model.
The three-phase material of the unit cell is selected according to whether the material characteristics of the unit cell accord with a physical model, for example, the outermost layer material is epoxy resin 4, the middle layer material is rubber 5, and the innermost layer lead core 6 is wrapped;
round holes with different sizes are respectively formed in the rubber 5 wrapping layer along the up-down, left-right directions of the lead core 6 in the unit cell of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial 1, and the sizes of the round holes can be according to the effective mass density rho 11 And ρ 22 And adjusting the different numbers.
In the unit cell of the mode conversion elastic metamaterial 2, round holes with different sizes are respectively formed in the rubber 5 wrapping layer along the positive and negative 45-degree direction of the lead core 6.
The unit cell of the modal conversion metamaterial 2 is designed based on a bimodal quarter-wavelength impedance matching theory or a cross-modal Fabry-Perot interference theory, and the basic conditions of the bimodal quarter-wavelength impedance matching theory are as follows:
bimodal quarter wavelength phase matching condition
Wherein: d is the width of the modal-converted elastic metamaterial (2), m=1, 3,5., n FS 、n SS Is a prime integer lambda FS 、λ SS The wavelengths of a fast-tilting mode and a slow-tilting mode in the mode conversion elastic metamaterial (2) are respectively;
bimodal quarter wavelength impedance matching condition
Wherein:the dual-mode impedance of the modal-converted elastic metamaterial (2) and the isotropic background medium (3) are respectively;
polarization conditions
The polarization directions of the fast-skew mode and the slow-skew mode are respectively along the positive and negative 45-degree directions;
basic conditions of the cross-modal fabry-perot interference theory are as follows:
n FS +n SS ＝odd
wherein: d is the width of the modal-converted elastic metamaterial (2), m=1, 3,5., n FS 、n SS Is a prime integer lambda FS 、λ SS The wavelengths of a fast-tilting mode and a slow-tilting mode in the mode conversion elastic metamaterial (2) are respectively;
polarization conditions
The polarization directions of the fast-skew mode and the slow-skew mode are respectively along the positive and negative 45-degree directions.
Taking an elastic wave diode with a certain size as an example, the fluid-like elastic metamaterial 1 is formed by sequentially connecting 15 fluid-like single cells along the longitudinal direction, the mode conversion elastic metamaterial 2 is formed by sequentially connecting 20 mode conversion single cells along the longitudinal direction, the upper boundary and the lower boundary of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial 1 and the mode conversion elastic metamaterial 2 are subjected to Floque periodic boundary conditions, longitudinal excitation with the frequency range of 65Hz to 70Hz is input to one side of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial 1 through an isotropic background medium 3, the reflectivity of longitudinal waves is gradually reduced, and the frequency of the longitudinal waves is within the polarization passband of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial 1 from 68Hz, so that the longitudinal waves can be converted into transverse waves through the fluid-like elastic metamaterial 1, are output through the isotropic background medium 3, and the transmission efficiency of the transverse waves obtained through mode conversion reaches 90 percent at about 69.7 Hz; transverse excitation with the frequency range of 65Hz to 70Hz is input to one side of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial 1 through the isotropic background medium 3, and referring to FIG. 5, the transverse wave reflectivity is gradually increased from 68Hz, and reaches hundred percent in the frequency ranges of 68.3Hz and 70 Hz. Therefore, the frequency range from 68Hz to 70Hz is the longitudinal wave passband of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial 1, only longitudinal waves can pass through the frequency range, transverse waves can not pass through the fluid-like elastic metamaterial 1, and the transmissivity of transverse waves obtained by mode conversion at about 69.7Hz reaches 90 percent, so that the higher transmission efficiency of the diode is reflected.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the elastic wave diode based on the fluid-like characteristics and the modal switching effect of the present invention operates as follows:
the elastic wave diode based on the fluid-like characteristics and the modal conversion effect can realize the nonreciprocal transmission of longitudinal waves and transverse waves in a specific frequency range. A longitudinal excitation is input to the left isotropic background medium 3, and the longitudinal wave frequency is within the longitudinal wave passband of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial 1, so that the longitudinal wave can be transmitted to the modal-converted elastic metamaterial 2 through the fluid-like elastic metamaterial 1, converted into a transverse wave through the modal-converted elastic metamaterial 2, and output through the right isotropic background medium 3. If a longitudinal excitation of the same frequency as the longitudinal wave is input to the right isotropic background medium 3, the longitudinal wave is converted into a transverse wave by the modal-converted elastic metamaterial 2, and the transverse wave at the frequency is in the band gap of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial 1, so that the transverse wave is reflected back at the boundary of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial 1. Thus realizing the non-reciprocal transmission of longitudinal waves, and also realizing the transmission of transverse waves.
Claims (1)
1. An elastic wave diode based on fluid-like characteristics and modal-switching effects is characterized by comprising a fluid-like elastic metamaterial (1), a modal-switching elastic metamaterial (2) and an isotropic background medium (3);
one side of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial (1) is connected with an isotropic background medium (3) for inputting/outputting vibration signals, the other side of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial is connected with the modal-converting elastic metamaterial (2), and the other side of the modal-converting elastic metamaterial (2) is connected with the isotropic background medium (3) for outputting/inputting vibration signals;
the unit cell of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial (1) and the unit cell of the modal-converted metamaterial (2) are of three-component structures, are local resonance unit cells, and can be simplified into a mass-spring-mass model by a physical model;
the three-phase material of the unit cell is selected according to whether the material characteristics of the unit cell accord with a physical model, the outermost layer material is epoxy resin (4), the middle layer material is rubber (5), and the lead core (6) of the innermost layer is wrapped;
the fluid-like elastic metamaterial (1) and the modal-converted elastic metamaterial (2) are respectively obtained by periodically arranging unit cells of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial along the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of the plane;
round holes with different sizes are respectively formed in the rubber (5) coating along the up-down, left-right direction of the lead core (6) in the unit cell of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial (1), and the sizes of the round holes are based on the effective mass density rho 11 And ρ 22 Adjusting the different numbers;
in the mode conversion elastic metamaterial (2) unit cell, round holes with different sizes are respectively formed in the rubber wrapping layer (5) along the positive and negative 45-degree direction of the lead core (6);
the mode conversion elastic metamaterial (2) unit cell is designed based on a bimodal quarter-wavelength impedance matching theory or a trans-mode Fabry-Perot interference theory, wherein the basic conditions of the bimodal quarter-wavelength impedance matching theory are as follows:
bimodal quarter wavelength phase matching condition
Wherein: d is the width of the modal-converted elastic metamaterial (2), m=1, 3,5., n FS 、n SS Is a prime integer lambda FS 、λ SS The wavelengths of a fast-tilting mode and a slow-tilting mode in the mode conversion elastic metamaterial (2) are respectively;
bimodal quarter wavelength impedance matching condition
Wherein:respectively is a modal-converted elastic metamaterial (2) and an isotropic background medium(3) Is a dual mode impedance of (2);
polarization conditions
The polarization directions of the fast-skew mode and the slow-skew mode are respectively along the positive and negative 45-degree directions;
basic conditions of the cross-modal fabry-perot interference theory are as follows:
n FS +n SS ＝odd
wherein: d is the width of the modal-converted elastic metamaterial (2), m=1, 3,5., n FS 、n SS Is a prime integer lambda FS 、λ SS The wavelengths of a fast-tilting mode and a slow-tilting mode in the mode conversion elastic metamaterial (2) are respectively; the polarization directions of the fast-skew mode and the slow-skew mode of the polarization condition are respectively along the positive and negative 45-degree directions.
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