CN113096627A - Elastic wave diode based on fluid-like characteristics and modal conversion effect - Google Patents
Elastic wave diode based on fluid-like characteristics and modal conversion effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN113096627A CN113096627A CN202110276147.3A CN202110276147A CN113096627A CN 113096627 A CN113096627 A CN 113096627A CN 202110276147 A CN202110276147 A CN 202110276147A CN 113096627 A CN113096627 A CN 113096627A
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000002902 bimodal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/172—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using resonance effects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/36—Devices for manipulating acoustic surface waves
Abstract
The invention discloses an elastic wave diode based on fluid-like characteristics and a mode conversion effect, which comprises a fluid-like elastic metamaterial, a mode conversion elastic metamaterial and an isotropic background medium, wherein the fluid-like elastic metamaterial and the mode conversion elastic metamaterial are respectively obtained by periodically arranging unit cells of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial and the mode conversion elastic metamaterial along the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of a plane where the unit cells are located, one side of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial is connected with the isotropic background medium used for inputting/outputting vibration signals, the other side of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial is connected with the mode conversion elastic metamaterial, and the other side of the mode conversion elastic metamaterial is connected with the isotropic background medium used for outputting/inputting vibration signals. In a specific frequency range, the quasi-fluid elastic metamaterial can only pass through longitudinal waves but not transverse waves, and the mode conversion elastic metamaterial can realize conversion between the transverse waves and the longitudinal waves.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of elastic wave nonreciprocal transmission, in particular to an elastic wave diode based on fluid-like characteristics and modal conversion effect.
Background
An acoustic diode is an acoustic rectifying device, similar to the electrical rectifying effect of an electronic diode, which can achieve an acoustic rectifying effect. The acoustic diode can be applied to various important occasions requiring special control over acoustic energy, for example, the unidirectional mirror can prevent an ultrasonic source from being interfered by retrospective waves or a unidirectional acoustic barrier so as to block environmental noise in a single direction. In addition, the acoustic diode is more expected to have revolutionary influence on key fields such as medical ultrasonic therapy.
At present, acoustic diodes for realizing one-way transmission of sound waves/elastic waves can be mainly divided into two types, one type is a nonlinear model, strong nonlinear acoustic media and a linear superlattice structure are combined, the frequency conversion characteristic of the nonlinear media and the band gap characteristic of the superlattice structure are utilized, so that the frequency of sound waves with the frequency in the superlattice band gap can be changed if the sound waves enter from one side of the nonlinear media, the sound waves can pass through the superlattice structure, and the sound waves can be blocked if the sound waves enter from one side of the superlattice, so that the one-way transmission of the sound waves can be realized. The other type is a linear model, and the unidirectional transmission of sound waves is realized by breaking the space inversion symmetry through gratings with asymmetric structures, phononic crystals, super surfaces and the like.
The acoustic metamaterial is used as a novel functional material, and the fluid-like characteristics and the mode conversion effect can be realized by designing the material parameters of the acoustic metamaterial. By designing the effective mass density ρ11And ρ22The fluid-like characteristics that only longitudinal waves can pass through but transverse waves cannot pass through in the frequency range can be realized by changing the sign in a specific frequency range. The modal transformation effect can realize the mutual transformation between transverse waves and longitudinal waves, and is mainly realized through two modes, one mode is based on a cross-modal Fabry-Perot interference theory, and the other mode is based on a bimodal quarter-wavelength impedance matching theory. By combining an elastic metamaterial having fluid-like properties with an elastic metamaterial capable of realizing a mode conversion effect, a non-reciprocal transmission of elastic waves can be realized.
At present, the problem of low transmission efficiency of the acoustic diode still exists. Therefore, it is very important to design an elastic wave diode with high transmission efficiency. The present invention is directed to this need.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an elastic wave diode based on fluid-like characteristics and modal conversion effect, and the diode can solve the problem of low transmission efficiency of the existing acoustic diode.
Aiming at the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an elastic wave diode based on fluid-like characteristics and modal transformation effects comprises a fluid-like elastic metamaterial, a modal transformation elastic metamaterial and an isotropic background medium.
The unit cell of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial and the unit cell of the mode conversion metamaterial are of three-component structures, are local resonance unit cells, and the physical model of the local resonance unit cells can be simplified into a mass-spring-mass model.
The three-phase material of the unit cell is selected according to whether the material characteristics conform to a physical model, for example, the outermost layer is made of epoxy resin, the middle layer is made of rubber, and the innermost layer is wrapped by the lead core.
One side of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial is connected with an isotropic background medium used for inputting/outputting vibration signals, the other side of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial is connected with a mode conversion elastic metamaterial, and the other side of the mode conversion elastic metamaterial is connected with the isotropic background medium used for outputting/inputting vibration signals.
The quasi-fluid elastic metamaterial is obtained by periodically arranging unit cells of the quasi-fluid elastic metamaterial along the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of a plane where the quasi-fluid elastic metamaterial is located, round holes with different sizes are respectively formed in the rubber wrapping layer along the up-down direction and the left-right direction of the lead core in the unit cells, and the size of the round holes can be determined according to the effective mass density rho11And ρ22And adjusting by using the opposite sign.
The mode conversion elastic metamaterial is obtained by periodically arranging unit cells of the elastic metamaterial along the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of a plane where the unit cells are located, and round holes with different sizes are respectively formed in the rubber wrapping layer along the positive and negative 45-degree directions of the lead block in the unit cells.
The invention designs a modal conversion elastic metamaterial unit cell based on a bimodal quarter-wavelength impedance matching theory or a cross-modal Fabry-Perot interference theory, and the basic conditions of the bimodal quarter-wavelength impedance matching theory are as follows:
bimodal quarter-wave phase matching condition
In the formula: d is the width of the mode conversion elastic metamaterial (2), and m is 1, 3, 5FS、nSSIs a relatively prime integer, λFS、λSSThe wavelengths of a fast inclined mode and a slow inclined mode in the mode conversion elastic metamaterial (2) are respectively;
bimodal quarter wave impedance matching condition
In the formula:
the modal impedance of the modal transformation elastic metamaterial (2) and the bimodal impedance of the isotropic background medium (3) are respectively;
polarization condition
The polarization directions of the fast-inclination mode and the slow-inclination mode are respectively along the positive and negative 45-degree directions;
the basic conditions of the cross-modal fabry-perot interference theory are as follows:
polarization condition
The polarization directions of the fast-inclined mode and the slow-inclined mode are respectively along the positive and negative 45-degree directions.
When longitudinal vibration signals are input to one side of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial through the isotropic background medium and the frequency of the longitudinal waves is in the polarization pass band of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial, the longitudinal waves can pass through the fluid-like elastic metamaterial, are converted into transverse waves through the mode conversion elastic metamaterial and are output through the isotropic background medium. When a longitudinal vibration signal is input from one side of the mode conversion elastic metamaterial, longitudinal waves are converted into transverse waves through the mode conversion elastic metamaterial, and the frequency of the transverse waves obtained through conversion is located in a band gap of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial, the transverse waves are reflected back, so that the one-way transmission of the longitudinal waves is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the elastic wave diode improves the efficiency of elastic wave one-way transmission by combining the fluid-like elastic metamaterial and the mode conversion elastic metamaterial.
Furthermore, only longitudinal waves can pass through the fluid-like elastic metamaterial in a specific frequency range, so that the elastic wave screening function provided by the invention can be used for separating the longitudinal waves from the transverse waves in the specific frequency range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall assembly of an elastic wave diode according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a hydroelastic-like metamaterial according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a mode-converting elastic metamaterial according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the reflectance and transmittance of shear and longitudinal waves at the incidence of longitudinal waves in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the reflectance and transmittance of shear and longitudinal waves at shear incidence in accordance with the present invention;
the reference numerals are explained below:
the material comprises 1-class fluid elastic metamaterial, 2-mode conversion elastic metamaterial, 3-isotropic background medium, 4-epoxy resin, 5-rubber and 6-lead.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the elastic wave diode based on fluid-like characteristics and mode conversion effect of the invention comprises a fluid-like elastic metamaterial 1, a mode conversion elastic metamaterial 2 and an isotropic background medium 3. One side of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial 1 is connected with an isotropic background medium 3 used for inputting/outputting vibration signals, the other side of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial 1 is connected with a mode conversion elastic metamaterial 2, and the other side of the mode conversion elastic metamaterial 2 is connected with the isotropic background medium 3 used for outputting/inputting vibration signals.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the quasi-fluid elastic metamaterial 1 and the mode conversion elastic metamaterial 2 are respectively obtained by periodically arranging unit cells of the quasi-fluid elastic metamaterial 1 along the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction of a plane where the unit cells are located, the unit cells are of three-component structures and are local resonance unit cells, and physical models of the local resonance unit cells can be simplified into mass-spring-mass models.
The three-phase material of the unit cell is selected according to whether the material characteristics conform to a physical model, for example, the outermost layer is made of epoxy resin 4, the middle layer is made of rubber 5, and the innermost layer is wrapped by a lead core 6;
round holes with different sizes are respectively arranged in the rubber 5 wrapping layer along the up-down and left-right directions of the lead core 6 in the unit cell of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial 1, and the size of the round holes can be according to the effective mass density rho11And ρ22And adjusting by using the opposite sign.
Round holes with different sizes are respectively arranged in the rubber 5 wrapping layer along the positive and negative 45-degree directions of the lead core 6 in the unit cell of the mode conversion elastic metamaterial 2.
The unit cell of the mode conversion metamaterial 2 is designed based on a bimodal quarter-wavelength impedance matching theory or a trans-modal Fabry-Perot interference theory, and the basic conditions of the bimodal quarter-wavelength impedance matching theory are as follows:
bimodal quarter-wave phase matching condition
In the formula: d is the width of the mode conversion elastic metamaterial (2), and m is 1, 3, 5FS、nSSAre mutually connectedPrime integer, λFS、λSSThe wavelengths of a fast inclined mode and a slow inclined mode in the mode conversion elastic metamaterial (2) are respectively;
bimodal quarter wave impedance matching condition
In the formula:
the modal impedance of the modal transformation elastic metamaterial (2) and the bimodal impedance of the isotropic background medium (3) are respectively;
polarization condition
The polarization directions of the fast-inclination mode and the slow-inclination mode are respectively along the positive and negative 45-degree directions;
the basic conditions of the cross-modal fabry-perot interference theory are as follows:
in the formula: d is the width of the mode conversion elastic metamaterial (2), and m is 1, 3, 5FS、nSSIs a relatively prime integer, λFS、λSSThe wavelengths of a fast inclined mode and a slow inclined mode in the mode conversion elastic metamaterial (2) are respectively;
polarization condition
The polarization directions of the fast-inclined mode and the slow-inclined mode are respectively along the positive and negative 45-degree directions.
Taking an elastic wave diode with a certain size as an example, the quasi-fluid elastic metamaterial 1 is formed by sequentially connecting 15 quasi-fluid unit cells along the longitudinal direction, the modal conversion elastic metamaterial 2 is formed by sequentially connecting 20 modal conversion unit cells along the longitudinal direction, the upper and lower boundaries of the quasi-fluid elastic metamaterial 1 and the modal conversion elastic metamaterial 2 are applied with Floquet periodic boundary conditions, longitudinal excitation with the frequency range of 65Hz to 70Hz is input to one side of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial 1 through the isotropic background medium 3, referring to FIG. 4, the reflectivity of longitudinal waves is gradually reduced, starting from 68Hz, the frequency of the longitudinal waves is in the polarization pass band of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial 1, therefore, longitudinal waves can pass through the fluid-like elastic metamaterial 1, are converted into transverse waves through the mode conversion elastic metamaterial 2 and are output through the isotropic background medium 3, the transmission efficiency of transverse waves obtained by mode conversion in the vicinity of 69.7Hz reaches 90 percent; transverse excitation with the frequency range of 65Hz to 70Hz is input to one side of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial 1 through the isotropic background medium 3, referring to FIG. 5, the transverse wave reflectivity is gradually increased from 68Hz, and reaches one hundred percent in the frequency ranges of 68.3Hz and 70 Hz. Therefore, the frequency range of 68Hz to 70Hz is the longitudinal wave passband of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial 1, only longitudinal waves can pass through the frequency range, transverse waves cannot pass through the fluid-like elastic metamaterial 1, the transmissivity of transverse waves obtained by mode conversion in the vicinity of 69.7Hz reaches 90 percent, and the high transmission efficiency of the diode is reflected.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the elastic wave diode according to the present invention based on the fluid-like characteristics and the mode conversion effect operates as follows:
the elastic wave diode based on the fluid-like characteristic and the mode conversion effect can realize nonreciprocal transmission of longitudinal waves and transverse waves in a specific frequency range. Longitudinal excitation is input to the left isotropic background medium 3, and the longitudinal wave frequency is in a longitudinal wave pass band of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial 1, so that the longitudinal wave can be transmitted to the mode conversion elastic metamaterial 2 through the fluid-like elastic metamaterial 1, and the longitudinal wave is converted into transverse wave through the mode conversion elastic metamaterial 2 and is output through the right isotropic background medium 3. If a longitudinal excitation with the same frequency as the longitudinal wave is input to the right isotropic background medium 3, the longitudinal wave is converted into a transverse wave through the mode conversion elastic metamaterial 2, and the transverse wave at the frequency is in the band gap of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial 1, so that the transverse wave is reflected back at the boundary of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial 1. Thus, non-reciprocal transmission of longitudinal waves is achieved, as is transverse waves.
Claims (6)
1. An elastic wave diode based on fluid-like characteristics and modal transformation effect is characterized by comprising a fluid-like elastic metamaterial (1), a modal transformation elastic metamaterial (2) and an isotropic background medium (3);
one side of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial (1) is connected with an isotropic background medium (3) used for inputting/outputting vibration signals, the other side of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial is connected with a mode conversion elastic metamaterial (2), and the other side of the mode conversion elastic metamaterial (2) is connected with the isotropic background medium (3) used for outputting/inputting vibration signals;
the unit cell of the fluid-like elastic metamaterial (1) and the unit cell of the mode conversion metamaterial (2) are of a three-component structure, are local resonance unit cells, and the physical model of the local resonance unit cells can be simplified into a mass-spring-mass model.
2. The elastic wave diode based on the fluid-like characteristic and the mode conversion effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein the three-phase material of the unit cell is selected according to whether the material characteristic conforms to the physical model, the outermost layer material is epoxy resin (4), the intermediate layer material is rubber (5), and the lead core (6) of the innermost layer is wrapped.
3. The elastic wave diode based on the fluid-like characteristic and the mode conversion effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluid-like elastic metamaterial (1) and the mode conversion elastic metamaterial (2) are respectively obtained by periodically arranging unit cells of the elastic wave diode along the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of the plane in which the unit cells are arranged.
4. The elastic wave diode based on the fluid-like characteristics and the mode conversion effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluid-like elastic metamaterial (1) unit cell is provided with round holes of different sizes in the rubber (5) wrapping layer along the up-down and left-right directions of the lead core (6), and the size of the round holes is determined according to the effective mass density rho11And ρ22And adjusting by using the opposite sign.
5. The elastic wave diode based on the fluid-like characteristic and the mode conversion effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein circular holes with different sizes are respectively formed in the rubber wrapping layer (5) along the positive and negative 45-degree directions of the lead core (6) in the mode conversion elastic metamaterial (2) unit cell.
6. The elastic wave diode based on the fluid-like characteristic and the mode conversion effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein the modal conversion elastic metamaterial (2) unit cell is designed based on a bimodal quarter-wavelength impedance matching theory or a trans-modal Fabry-Perot interference theory, wherein the fundamental condition of the bimodal quarter-wavelength impedance matching theory is as follows:
bimodal quarter-wave phase matching condition
In the formula: d is the width of the mode conversion elastic metamaterial (2), and m is 1, 3, 5FS、nSSIs a relatively prime integer, λFS、λSSThe wavelengths of a fast inclined mode and a slow inclined mode in the mode conversion elastic metamaterial (2) are respectively;
bimodal quarter wave impedance matching condition
In the formula:
the modal impedance of the modal transformation elastic metamaterial (2) and the bimodal impedance of the isotropic background medium (3) are respectively;
polarization condition
The polarization directions of the fast-inclination mode and the slow-inclination mode are respectively along the positive and negative 45-degree directions;
the basic conditions of the cross-modal fabry-perot interference theory are as follows:
in the formula: d is the width of the mode conversion elastic metamaterial (2), and m is 1, 3, 5FS、nSSAre mutually connected
Prime integer, λFS、λSSThe wavelengths of a fast inclined mode and a slow inclined mode in the mode conversion elastic metamaterial (2) are respectively;
polarization condition
The polarization directions of the fast-inclined mode and the slow-inclined mode are respectively along the positive and negative 45-degree directions.
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