CN113095916A

CN113095916A - Auction method based on block chain

Info

Publication number: CN113095916A
Application number: CN202110476564.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨仁慧
Original assignee: Alipay Hangzhou Information Technology Co Ltd; Ant Blockchain Technology Shanghai Co Ltd
Current assignee: Alipay Hangzhou Information Technology Co Ltd; Ant Blockchain Technology Shanghai Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-04-29
Filing date: 2021-04-29
Publication date: 2021-07-09

Abstract

One or more embodiments of the present specification provide a block chain based auction method. The method comprises the steps that an online auction system is built on the basis of a blockchain network, an auctioneer issues digital assets corresponding to auction objects through intelligent contracts in the blockchain network, and all parties of the auction objects call digital identity documents of digital identities registered by the intelligent contracts in the blockchain network, and the ownership of the digital assets by all the parties is recorded. One or more bidders bid on a digital asset via an intelligent contract in a blockchain network that records, for each bidder qualified for a bid, a bid record for that bidder.

Description

Auction method based on block chain

Technical Field

One or more embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the field of terminal technologies, and in particular, to an auction method based on a blockchain.

Background

The current auction model is mainly two types of on-line auction and off-line auction. For offline auctions, bidders and auctioneers need to complete bidding and auction subject handover on-site, which is inconvenient for bidders and auctioneers. For online auctions, the online engagement of the bidder with the auctioneer is not necessarily reliable.

Accordingly, an auction method that combines convenience and reliability is required.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, one or more embodiments of the present disclosure provide a block chain based auction method.

To achieve the above object, one or more embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following technical solutions:

according to a first aspect of one or more embodiments of the present specification, there is provided a block chain-based auction method, including:

the seller-taking client calls the intelligent contract in the blockchain network to execute the issuing step: issuing a digital asset corresponding to the auction object; the method comprises the steps that an owner of an auction object calls a digital identity document of a digital identity registered by an intelligent contract in the blockchain network, and the ownership of the digital asset by the owner is recorded;

one or more bidder clients respectively invoke intelligent contracts in the blockchain network to perform bidding steps: if the bidder is determined to qualify for bidding on the digital asset, determining a record of bids by the bidder for the digital asset;

calling an intelligent contract in the blockchain network to execute auction completion steps: and deleting the ownership relationship of the owner to the digital assets from the digital identity documents of the owners, calling the digital identity documents of the digital identities registered by the intelligent contracts in the blockchain network to the bidder with the highest bid price, and writing the ownership relationship of the bidder to the digital assets.

According to a second aspect of one or more embodiments herein, there is provided a blockchain-based auction system comprising an auctioneer client, one or more bidder clients, and a blockchain network;

the auctioneer client side calls the intelligent contract in the block chain network to execute the issuing steps: issuing a digital asset corresponding to the auction object; the method comprises the steps that an owner of an auction object calls a digital identity document of a digital identity registered by an intelligent contract in the blockchain network, and the ownership of the digital asset by the owner is recorded;

one or more bidder clients respectively call intelligent contracts in the blockchain network to execute bidding steps: if the bidder is determined to qualify for bidding on the digital asset, determining a record of bids by the bidder for the digital asset;

in addition, the intelligent contract in the block chain network is called to execute auction completion steps: and deleting the ownership relationship of the owner to the digital assets from the digital identity documents of the owners, calling the digital identity documents of the digital identities registered by the intelligent contracts in the blockchain network to the bidder with the highest bid price, and writing the ownership relationship of the bidder to the digital assets.

In the technical scheme, the online auction system is constructed based on the blockchain network, and the auctioneer issues the digital assets corresponding to the auction objects through the intelligent contracts in the blockchain network, so that the auction objects under the chain and the digital assets on the chain are anchored. And the ownership of the auction object under the chain is recorded in the digital identity document of the digital identity registered by calling the intelligent contract in the block chain network, so that the ownership of the auction object under the chain is endorsed in the digital identity document of the owner under the chain.

One or more bidders bid on a digital asset via an intelligent contract in a blockchain network that records, for each bidder qualified for a bid, a bid record for that bidder. Since the digital assets on the chain are anchored to the auction objects below the chain, bidding parties bid on the digital assets on the chain, which is equivalent to bidding on auction objects below the chain, the bid records are also certified by the intelligent contracts in the blockchain network. Subsequently, when the auction needs to be completed, a bidder with the highest price is determined from bidders generating bid records through an intelligent contract in the blockchain network, the ownership of the digital asset by the owner is deleted from the digital identity document of the owner, the digital identity document of the digital identity registered by the intelligent contract in the blockchain network is called to the bidder with the highest price, the ownership of the digital asset by the bidder is written, and the credible record of the ownership of the auction object under the chain on the chain is updated.

In this way, although the on-line auction based on the block chain does not perform on-site bidding and does not complete the actual transfer of the auction target, the block chain not only ensures the disclosure and credibility of the auction process, but also guarantees the auction result, the bidder and the auction seller who successfully bid are difficult to repudiate, and other bidders who do not successfully bid do not disagree with the auction result.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of creating an intelligent contract, provided by an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a calling smart contract provided by an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of creating and invoking an intelligent contract according to an exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a block chain based auction method according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an on-chain auction flow provided by an exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 6 is a flow chart illustrating another block chain based auction method according to an exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 7 is a flow chart illustrating another block chain based auction method according to an exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 8 is a flow chart illustrating another block chain based auction method according to an exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 9 is a flow chart illustrating another block chain based auction method according to an exemplary embodiment.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all implementations consistent with one or more embodiments of the present specification. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of one or more embodiments of the specification, as detailed in the claims which follow.

It should be noted that: in other embodiments, the steps of the corresponding methods are not necessarily performed in the order shown and described herein. In some other embodiments, the method may include more or fewer steps than those described herein. Moreover, a single step described in this specification may be broken down into multiple steps for description in other embodiments; multiple steps described in this specification may be combined into a single step in other embodiments.

Blockchains are generally divided into three types: public chain (Public Blockchain), Private chain (Private Blockchain) and alliance chain (Consortium Blockchain). In addition, there are various types of combinations, such as private chain + federation chain, federation chain + public chain, and other different combinations. The most decentralized of these is the public chain. The public chain is represented by bitcoin and ether house, and the participators joining the public chain can read the data record on the chain, participate in transaction, compete for accounting right of new blocks, and the like. Furthermore, each participant (i.e., node) is free to join and leave the network and perform related operations. Private chains are the opposite, with the network's write rights controlled by an organization or organization and the data read rights specified by the organization. Briefly, a private chain can be a weakly centralized system with strictly limited and few participating nodes. This type of blockchain is more suitable for use within a particular establishment. A federation chain is a block chain between a public chain and a private chain, and "partial decentralization" can be achieved. Each node in a federation chain typically has a physical organization or organization corresponding to it; participants jointly maintain blockchain operation by authorizing to join the network and forming a benefit-related alliance.

Whether public, private, or alliance, may provide the functionality of an intelligent contract. An intelligent contract on a blockchain is a contract that can be executed on a blockchain system triggered by a transaction. An intelligent contract may be defined in the form of code.

Taking the ethernet as an example, the support user creates and invokes some complex logic in the ethernet network, which is the biggest challenge of ethernet to distinguish from bitcoin blockchain technology. The core of the ethernet plant as a programmable blockchain is the ethernet plant virtual machine (EVM), each ethernet plant node can run the EVM. The EVM is a well-behaved virtual machine, which means that a variety of complex logic can be implemented through it. The user issuing and invoking smart contracts in the etherhouse is running on the EVM. In fact, what the virtual machine directly runs is virtual machine code (virtual machine bytecode, hereinafter referred to as "bytecode"). The intelligent contracts deployed on the blockchain may be in the form of bytecodes.

For example, as shown in fig. 1, after Bob sends a transaction containing information to create an intelligent contract to the ethernet network, the EVM of node 1 may execute the transaction and generate a corresponding contract instance. The "0 x6f8ae93 …" in fig. 1 represents the address of the contract, the data field of the transaction holds the byte code, and the to field of the transaction is empty. After agreement is reached between the nodes through the consensus mechanism, this contract is successfully created and can be invoked in subsequent procedures. After the contract is created, a contract account corresponding to the intelligent contract appears on the blockchain and has a specific address, and the contract code is stored in the contract account. The behavior of the intelligent contract is controlled by the contract code. In other words, an intelligent contract causes a virtual account to be generated on a blockchain that contains a contract code and an account store (Storage).

As shown in fig. 2, still taking an ethernet house as an example, after Bob sends a transaction for invoking an intelligent contract to the ethernet house network, the EVM of a certain node may execute the transaction and generate a corresponding contract instance. The from field of the transaction in fig. 2 is the address of the account of the transaction initiator (i.e., Bob), the "0 x6f8ae93 …" in the to field represents the address of the smart contract called, and the value field is the value of tai-currency in the etherhouse, and the data field of the transaction holds the method and parameters for calling the smart contract. After invoking the smart contract, the value of balance may change. Subsequently, a client can view the current value of balance through a blockchain node (e.g., node 6 in fig. 2). The intelligent contract is independently executed at each node in the blockchain network in a specified mode, and all execution records and data are stored on the blockchain, so that after the transaction is completed, transaction certificates which cannot be tampered and cannot be lost are stored on the blockchain.

A schematic diagram of creating an intelligent contract and invoking the intelligent contract is shown in fig. 3. An intelligent contract is created in an Ethernet workshop and needs to be subjected to the processes of compiling the intelligent contract, changing the intelligent contract into byte codes, deploying the intelligent contract to a block chain and the like. The intelligent contract is called in the Ethernet workshop, a transaction pointing to the intelligent contract address is initiated, and the intelligent contract codes are distributed and run in the virtual machine of each node in the Ethernet workshop network.

It should be noted that, in addition to the creation of the smart contracts by the users, the smart contracts may also be set by the system in the creation block. Such contracts are generally referred to as foundational contracts. In general, the data structure, parameters, attributes and methods of some blockchain networks may be set in the startup contract. Further, an account with system administrator privileges may create a contract at the system level, or modify a contract at the system level (simply referred to as a system contract). In addition to EVM in the ethernet, different blockchain networks may employ various virtual machines, which is not limited herein.

After executing a transaction that invokes a smart contract, a node in the blockchain network generates a corresponding receipt (receipt) for recording information related to executing the smart contract. In this way, information about the contract execution results may be obtained by querying the receipt of the transaction. The contract execution result may be represented as an event (event) in the receipt. The message mechanism can realize message passing through an event in a receipt so as to trigger the blockchain node or a node device deploying the blockchain node to execute corresponding processing. The structure of the event may be, for example:

Event：

[topic][data]

......

in the above example, the number of events may be one or more; wherein, each event respectively comprises fields of a subject (topic) and data (data). The blockchain node or the node device deploying the blockchain node may perform the preset processing by monitoring the topic of the event, in case that the predefined topic is monitored, or read the related content from the data field of the corresponding event, and may perform the preset processing based on the read content.

The blockchain technology is different from the traditional technology in one of decentralization characteristics, namely accounting is performed on each node, or distributed accounting is performed, and the traditional centralized accounting is not performed. To be a difficult-to-defeat, open, non-falsifiable data record decentralized honest and trusted system, the blockchain system needs to be secure, unambiguous, and irreversible in the shortest possible time for distributed data records. In different types of blockchain networks, in order to keep the ledger consistent among the nodes recording the ledger, a consensus algorithm is generally adopted to ensure that the consensus mechanism is the aforementioned mechanism. After a node (e.g., a unique node) creates a block, other nodes record the same block if the created block is recognized by other nodes. The process of the generated block gaining acceptance by other nodes is a consensus mechanism. The consensus mechanism is a mechanism for the blockchain node to achieve a global consensus on the block information (or called blockdata), which can ensure that the latest block is accurately added to the blockchain. The current mainstream consensus mechanisms include: proof of Work (POW), Proof of stock (POS), Proof of commission rights (DPOS), Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) algorithm, HoneyBadgerBFT algorithm, etc.

The current auction model is either an off-line auction or an on-line auction. For offline auctions, bidders and auctioneers need to complete bidding and auction subject handover on-site, which is inconvenient for bidders and auctioneers.

For the on-line auction, although it is convenient enough for the bidder and the auctioneer, the bidder and the auctioneer cannot complete the handover of the auction target on-line after all, but can only reach the on-line agreement for the bid given by the bidder, and then the agreement takes the bid of the bidder as the bargain price and hands over the auction target to the bidder. However, in the on-line auction process, there are cases where a plurality of bidders bid, and since it is difficult for each bidder to confirm the actual bid of the other bidder because of not on-site bidding, there is a fear that the other bidders and the auctioneer communicate with each other to manipulate the auction result, and therefore, bidders who did not bid successfully do not necessarily trust and accept the on-line auction result. Secondly, after the successful bidder or the seller agrees on the online agreement, the auction result is not necessarily acknowledged, and the successful bidder or the seller may be denied on the online agreement, but the denial of the successful bidder or the successful seller to the other party is lack of a credible evidence-providing path.

To this end, in one or more embodiments provided herein, an online auction system is constructed based on a blockchain network, and an auctioneer issues digital assets corresponding to auction objects through smart contracts in the blockchain network, so as to anchor the auction objects under the chain with the digital assets on the chain; then, the digital identity of the digital asset is registered, and the owner identification of the auction target is written into the digital identity of the digital asset, so that the description in the digital identity document of the digital asset on the chain to which the ownership of the auction target under the chain belongs is endorsed.

One or more bidders may bid on a digital asset through a smart contract in a blockchain network that records, for each bidder qualified for a bid, a bid record for that bidder. Because the digital assets on the chain and the auction objects under the chain are anchored, the bidders bid on the digital assets on the chain, which is equivalent to bidding on the auction objects under the chain, and the bid records are also certified by the intelligent contracts in the blockchain network, thereby ensuring that the bids are open and credible. Subsequently, when the auction needs to be completed, the bidder with the highest price is determined from the bidders generating the bid records through an intelligent contract in the blockchain network, so that the auction result is ensured to be publicly and credibly generated. In addition, replacing the identity of the auctioning target in the digital identity document of the digital asset with the identity of the bidder with the highest bid is equivalent to updating the trusted record on the chain of ownership of the auctioning target under the chain.

In this way, although the on-line auction based on the block chain does not perform on-site bidding and does not complete the actual transfer of the auction target, the block chain not only ensures the disclosure and credibility of the auction process, but also guarantees the auction result, the bidder and the auction seller who successfully bid are difficult to repudiate, and other bidders who do not successfully bid are difficult to disagree with the auction result.

Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of an auction method based on a blockchain provided in the present specification, including:

s400: and the seller-taking client calls the intelligent contract in the block chain network to execute the issuing step and the registering step.

The auction object described herein refers to the subject of the auction campaign, which may be an item or a property interest.

An auctioneer, as used herein, refers to a seller in an auction. The auctioning party may be the owner of the auction subject (the individual or entity that owns the auction subject) or may not be the owner of the auction subject, but rather an auction service that brokers the auction subject owner to organize the auction campaign.

Bidders, as used herein, refer to potential buyers participating in an auction campaign that bid to purchase auction objects. Typically, an auction campaign for an auction subject will only result in a successful bidder that ultimately purchases the auction subject. In practice, there are cases where a plurality of individuals or institutions jointly bid for auction objects, in which case the individuals or institutions jointly bid are regarded as one bidder.

The client described herein refers to a client of a blockchain network, which is also called a blockchain client. The blockchain client may or may not be a node of a blockchain network (as in the case of a public-link network). The blockchain client can initiate a transaction to the blockchain network, and the intelligent contract in the blockchain network is called through the transaction, so that the blockchain network executes the business related steps of the transaction request based on the code logic recorded in the called intelligent contract. The client of the auctioneer is the client of the auctioneer side, and the client of the bidder is the client of the bidder side.

In some embodiments, only one intelligent contract may be deployed in a blockchain network for performing the steps involved in the method shown in fig. 4 (issuing step, registering step, bidding step, auction completion step).

In some embodiments, more than one intelligent contract may be deployed in the blockchain network, and the intelligent contracts share different steps in the method shown in fig. 4, and specifically, one intelligent contract may correspond to one step. In this case, when a certain intelligent contract executes a step, if the function of another intelligent contract is needed, another intelligent contract may be called in an inter-contract calling manner to perform corresponding processing, and a result returned by another intelligent contract is obtained.

For example, if the issuing step and the registering step shown in fig. 4 were performed by different intelligent contracts (assuming that intelligent contract a is used to perform the issuing step and intelligent contract B is used to perform the registering step), then intelligent contract B may invoke intelligent contract a to obtain information about the digital asset when creating the digital identity of the digital asset.

In addition, in the case that the intelligent contract in the blockchain network is called to execute more than one step, the steps may be triggered to be executed by one call or triggered to be executed by multiple calls. For example, the auctioneer client invokes the intelligent contract in the blockchain network to perform the issuing step and the registering step, and may submit a transaction invoking the intelligent contract to the blockchain network, so that the issuing step and the registering step are performed; the auctioneer client may also submit a transaction invoking the intelligent contract to the blockchain network first, so that the issuing step is performed first, and then the auctioneer client submits another transaction invoking the intelligent contract to the blockchain network, so that the registering step is performed again.

In summary, in the description of the present specification, "invoking an intelligent contract in a blockchain network to perform at least one step" may include multiple cases, where the intelligent contract in the blockchain network is invoked to perform more than one step, where the intelligent contract in the blockchain network is invoked to perform one step, and so on.

In the method shown in fig. 4, the issuing step refers to issuing a digital asset corresponding to an auction target.

In embodiments of the present description, a digital asset is actually a smart contract in a blockchain network based on a data structure defined by some digital asset protocol. The digital assets on the chain are the mapping of the objects under the chain on the chain, and the digital assets have uniqueness and have anchoring relation with the objects under the chain.

In some embodiments, the digital assets may be defined using the currently popular digital asset protocol (ERC721), which is commonly referred to as Non-homogeneous Token (NFT). In addition, other digital asset protocols may be used to define digital assets.

In the method illustrated in fig. 4, the step of registering refers to registering the digital identity of the digital asset.

In embodiments of the present description, a digital identity is a trusted identity of a digital asset on a chain, the digital identity typically having a digital identity document that typically describes trusted identification information. In some embodiments, a currently popular on-chain digital identity specification, i.e., Decentralized ID (DID), may be used. In addition, other on-chain digital identity specifications may be employed.

In the method illustrated in FIG. 4, the digital identity document of the digital asset needs to contain the identity of the owner of the auction subject in addition to the identification information. In this way, the owner identifier of the auction target described in the digital identity document of the digital asset can be used as a trusted endorsement for ownership of the auction target under the chain.

In some embodiments, the auctioneer may record the ownership between the auction object and the owner of the auction object on its own.

S402: and one or more bidder clients respectively call intelligent contracts in the blockchain network to execute bidding steps.

The bidding step in the method shown in fig. 4 refers to: if the bidder is determined to qualify for bidding on the digital asset, a record of bids by the bidder for the digital asset is determined.

Auditing rules can be set in advance in an intelligent contract of the block chain network and used for judging whether a bidder has rules for bidding qualification. The bidding behavior of the bidder eligible for bidding is meaningful.

In some embodiments, it may be determined whether the time at which the bidder client invokes a smart contract in the blockchain network to perform bidding steps is within an auction period, and if so, determining that the bidder is eligible to bid on the digital asset, and if not, determining that the bidder is not eligible to bid on the digital asset. Auction campaigns typically have an auction period beyond which bids can be considered invalid, i.e., not eligible for bidding.

In some embodiments, in the transaction submitted by the bidder for executing the bidding step by invoking the intelligent contract in the blockchain network, the bidding qualification auditing information corresponding to the bidder may be carried, and the intelligent contract performs qualification auditing based on the built-in auditing rule. In particular, bidders may be required to meet certain qualifications (e.g., account balance to a certain amount, such as age greater than age). In practical application, the conditions which should be met by the bidder to have bidding qualification can be flexibly set according to requirements.

The bid record can be used to record the bid amount of the bidder. In addition, other information such as the identity of the bidder may also be recorded in the bid record.

S404: and calling an intelligent contract in the blockchain network to execute an auction completion step.

The auction completion step in the method shown in fig. 4 refers to: and updating the owner identification of the auction object contained in the digital identity document by taking the bidder with the highest bid as the new owner of the auction object.

In the auction completion step, the bidder having the highest price is determined from the bidders qualified for bidding. In some embodiments, for bidders that do not qualify for bidding, a record of bids for that bidder is not typically determined, and thus the highest bidder may be determined from each record of bids.

In other embodiments, for the bidder not qualified for bidding, the bidding record of the bidder may be determined, but the bidding record not qualified for bidding needs to be distinguished from the bidding record qualified for bidding, and then the bidder with the highest price is determined according to the bidding record qualified for bidding when the auction completion step is implemented.

In some embodiments, the intelligent contracts in the blockchain network may be invoked to perform auction completion steps after the auction period ends. Thus, in the auction completion step: the bidder having the highest bid during the auction period may be the new owner of the auction subject.

There may be more than one instance for invoking a body in the blockchain network that executes the auction completion steps. In some embodiments, the auctioneer's client may invoke a smart contract in the blockchain network to perform the auction completion steps.

In some embodiments, all clients of the auction object may invoke the smart contract in the blockchain network to perform the auction completion steps. In addition, clients of other subjects (e.g., the bidder with the highest bid, any bidder) may also invoke smart contracts in the blockchain network to perform the auction completion steps.

In some embodiments, the intelligent contract for performing auction completion steps may perform the determination of the bidder having the highest bid from the bid records.

In further embodiments, the bidding step may further include: and triggering the event message corresponding to the bidding record, so that the client of the auction side or the client of all the parties can monitor the event message, obtain the bidding record and know the bidding conditions of all the bidding parties. The auctioneer client or the owner client may perform the steps of determining the bidder having the highest bid and then invoking an intelligent contract in the blockchain network to perform the auction completion steps according to the determination.

Further, when the owner client invokes the intelligent contract in the blockchain network to execute the auction completion step according to the determination result, the bidder with the highest price is determined in the auction completion step, which may specifically be: and verifying the signature submitted by the client of the owner for calling the intelligent contract in the block chain network to execute the auction completion step by using the public key of the owner, and if the signature passes the verification, determining the bidder specified by the determination result as the bidder with the highest bid price.

The owner public key may be included in the digital identity document of the digital asset, or may be included in the digital identity document of the owner. And the client of the owner invokes an intelligent contract in the block chain network in advance to register the digital identity of the owner.

Further, when the auctioneer client invokes an intelligent contract in the blockchain network to perform the auction completion step according to the determination result, the bidder with the highest price is determined in the auction completion step, which may specifically be: and verifying the signature submitted by the auction party client for calling the intelligent contract in the blockchain network to execute the auction completion step by using the public key of the auction party, and determining the bidder designated by the selection result as the bidder with the highest bid price if the signature passes the verification.

The public key of the auctioning party may be included in the digital identity document of the digital asset, or may be included in the digital identity document of the auctioning party. And the client of the auction provider calls an intelligent contract in the blockchain network in advance to register the digital identity of the auction provider.

In addition, in the bidding step described above, when determining whether the bidder is qualified to bid on the digital asset, the public key of the bidder contained in the digital identity document of the bidder may be used to verify the signature submitted by the bidder client for invoking the intelligent contract execution bidding step in the blockchain network, and if the signature is verified, the bidder is determined to be qualified to bid on the digital asset, and if the signature is not verified, the bidder is denied. And the one or more bidder clients respectively call the intelligent contracts in the blockchain network in advance to register the digital identities of the bidders, and the digital identity documents of the bidders contain the public keys of the bidders.

In addition, in some embodiments, the owner identifier of the auction object may be a digital identity of an owner that the owner client has previously invoked for registration of the smart contract in the blockchain network. The identification of the bidder having the highest bid may be the digital identity of the bidder that the bidder client having the highest bid has previously invoked the intelligent contract registration in the blockchain network.

In addition to implementing bids and determining auction results on the chain, transfer of bid amounts can also be accomplished on the chain.

Specifically, in the auction completion step, the bid amount specified by the highest bidding bidder may be transferred from the account of the smart contract to the account of the auctioning party; or transferring the bid amount appointed by the bidder with the highest bid price from the account of the intelligent contract to the account of the original owner of the auction target.

In some embodiments, during the bidding phase, the bidder may be required to transfer his bid amount to an account of the smart contract. That is, in the bidding step, a bid amount specified by the bidder (which may or may not be bid eligible) may also be transferred from the bidder's account to the intelligent contract's account.

Further, after the bidder with the highest bid price is determined, the bid amount specified by the other bidder is returned from the account of the intelligent contract to the account of the other bidder.

Further, to prevent the amount of money in the account of the smart contract from being transferred, the amount of money specified by each bidder in the smart contract may be frozen.

In addition, in some embodiments, the issuing step may also set a strike price for the digital asset (typically specified by a transaction submitted by an auctioneer's client invoking an intelligent contract in the blockchain network to perform the issuing step). In this manner, in the bidding step, the record of bids placed by the bidder for the digital asset can be determined upon determining that the bid amount specified by the bidder is not less than the strike price.

In the method illustrated in FIG. 4, the digital assets issued by the auctioneer on the chain do not necessarily participate in the auction campaign. In particular, the step of the auctioneer client invoking the intelligent contract execution in the blockchain network may further include an asset management step. The asset management step is as follows: placing the digital asset in an auctionable state or a non-auctionable state. If the auction object corresponding to the digital asset needs to be auctioned, setting the state of the digital asset anchored on the chain of the auction object as an auction state; and if the auction object corresponding to the digital asset does not need to be auctioned, setting the state of the digital asset anchored on the chain by the auction object to be a non-auctioning state.

For digital assets that are not auctioning capable, the intelligent dating points decline to perform bidding steps and/or auction completion steps.

For example, in the bidding step, if the digital asset is placed in an auctionable state, the bidding record of the bidder for the digital asset is determined, and if the digital asset is placed in an auctionable state, the bidding record of the bidder for the digital asset is denied.

Further, the smart contract may verify the signature submitted by the auctioneer client to perform asset management steps for invoking the smart contract in the blockchain network, and place the digital asset in an auctionable state or a non-auctionable state only if verification passes. Wherein the digital identity document of the digital asset contains the auctioneer's public key.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an on-chain auction process provided by the present specification. As shown in fig. 5, the auctioneer client invokes an intelligent contract in the blockchain network to issue an NFT corresponding to the auction object and registers a DID for the NFT. Meanwhile, the auctioneer's client places the auction subject in the smart contract in an auctionable state, and sets a bid price (assumed to be 1 ten thousand yuan), an auction period, and a restriction condition to be satisfied by having a bid qualification.

The auctioning party's website may then present the auctioned auction objects along with the corresponding NFT code. Bidders wishing to bid on an auction subject may obtain the corresponding NFT code, which is designated by initiating a transaction to the blockchain network while invoking the smart contract to bid.

In fig. 5, bidder 1 and bidder 2 are shown bidding during the auction period, respectively, assuming that bidder 1 bids 15000 dollars and bidder 2 bids 16000 dollars. After the auction period ends, the auctioneer client invokes the smart contract to complete the auction, determines that bidder 2 is bidding highest and that bidder 2 has successfully purchased the NFT, modifies the identity of all parties to the auction subject described in the DID document of the NFT to the identity of bidder 2, thereby completing endorsement for ownership of the auction subject under the chain.

Fig. 6 is a flow chart illustrating another block chain-based auction method provided by the present specification, including:

s600: the auctioneer client invokes an intelligent contract in the first blockchain network to perform the issuing step.

S602: the seller-patting client invokes an intelligent contract in the second blockchain network to perform the registration step.

S604: one or more bidder clients respectively invoke intelligent contracts in the first blockchain network to perform bidding steps.

S606: and calling an intelligent contract in the first blockchain network to execute an auction completion step.

The method shown in fig. 6 is based on the method shown in fig. 4. The main difference between the method of figure 6 and the method of figure 4 is that in the method of figure 6, the blockchain network utilized by the auctioneer to deliver the digital asset (the first blockchain network) is not the same blockchain network as the blockchain network utilized by the digital identity of the registered digital asset (the second blockchain network). In addition, intelligent contracts for performing the bidding steps, auction completion steps are deployed in the first blockchain network. The second blockchain network is a blockchain network dedicated to registering and managing digital identities.

The principles of the embodiments of the method of FIG. 6 are similar to the embodiments of the method of FIG. 4, and it will be appreciated that the main difference between the embodiments of FIG. 6 and FIG. 4 is that in the embodiments of the method of FIG. 6, when an intelligent contract in a first blockchain network needs to invoke a function related to a digital identity (e.g., read data from a digital identity document, modify data in a digital identity document), an intelligent contract in a second blockchain network needs to be invoked across chains.

The various embodiments of the method shown in FIG. 6 are briefly described as follows:

the auction period is specified in the smart contract for performing the bidding steps. Determining whether the bidder qualifies for a bid for the digital asset, comprising: and judging whether the time for the client side of the bidder to call the intelligent contract in the blockchain network to execute the bidding step is within the auction period, if so, determining that the bidder has the bidding qualification aiming at the digital asset, and if not, determining that the bidder does not have the bidding qualification aiming at the digital asset.

Calling an intelligent contract in the blockchain network to execute auction completion steps, wherein the auction completion steps comprise: after the auction period ends, an intelligent contract in the blockchain network is invoked to perform auction completion steps. The bidder with the highest bid is the new owner of the auction object, and the method comprises the following steps: the bidder having the highest bid during the auction period is the new owner of the auction subject.

And calling the intelligent contract in the first blockchain network to execute the auction completion step by a seller-taking client or an owner client of the auction object. The bidding step further comprises: and triggering the event message corresponding to the bid record.

The method shown in fig. 6 further comprises: all the client sides determine the bidding party with the highest bidding price according to the monitored event messages respectively corresponding to the bidding records; and the client of the owner calls the intelligent contract in the block chain network to execute the auction completion step according to the determination result. Or the client of the auction party determines the bidder with the highest bid price according to the monitored event messages respectively corresponding to the bid price records; and the seller-taking client calls an intelligent contract in the block chain network to execute the auction completion step according to the determination result.

Under the condition that the client of the owner calls the intelligent contract in the first block chain network to execute the auction completion step according to the determination result, the auction completion step determines the bidder with the highest price, and the method comprises the following steps: and verifying the signature submitted by the client of the owner for calling the intelligent contract in the block chain network to execute the auction completion step by using the public key of the owner, and if the signature passes the verification, determining the bidder specified by the determination result as the bidder with the highest bid price.

The owner public key is included in a digital identity document of the digital asset.

The owner public key is contained in a digital identity document of the owner; and the owner client pre-calls the intelligent contract in the second blockchain network to register the digital identity of the owner.

The auction completing step further comprises: obtaining the user public key from an intelligent contract in the second blockchain network across chains.

Under the condition that the auction party client calls the intelligent contract in the first block chain network to execute the auction completion step according to the determination result, the auction completion step determines the bidder with the highest price, and the method comprises the following steps: and verifying the signature submitted by the auction party client for calling the intelligent contract in the blockchain network to execute the auction completion step by using the public key of the auction party, and determining the bidder designated by the selection result as the bidder with the highest bid price if the signature passes the verification.

The auctioneer's public key is included in a digital identity document of the digital asset.

The auctioneer public key is contained in a digital identity document of the auctioning party; the server receives a request for registering the digital identity of the auctioning party, wherein the auctioning party client pre-calls an intelligent contract in the second blockchain network to register the digital identity of the auctioning party;

the auction completing step further comprises:

obtaining the auctioneer public key from an intelligent contract in the second blockchain network across chains.

The method shown in fig. 6 further comprises: the one or more bidder clients respectively invoke in advance intelligent contract execution in the second blockchain network to: registering a digital identity of the bidder; the digital identity document of the bidder contains the bidder public key of the bidder.

Determining whether the bidder qualifies for a bid for the digital asset, comprising: and verifying the signature submitted by the bidder client for executing the bidding step for invoking the intelligent contract in the blockchain network by using a bidder public key contained in the digital identity document of the bidder, if the signature passes the verification, determining that the bidder has bidding qualification aiming at the digital asset, and if the signature does not pass the verification, determining that the bidder does not have the bidding qualification aiming at the digital asset.

An owner identification of the auction object, comprising: and the client of the owner pre-calls the digital identity of the owner registered by the intelligent contract in the second blockchain network. Identification of the bidder that bid the highest, including: and the bidder client with the highest bid pre-calls the digital identity of the bidder registered by the intelligent contract in the second blockchain network.

The bidding step further comprises: and transferring the bid amount specified by the bidder from the account of the bidder to the account of the intelligent contract. The auction completing step further comprises: transferring a bid amount specified by a bidder having the highest bid from an account of the smart contract to an account of the auctioning party; or transferring the bid amount appointed by the bidder with the highest bid price from the account of the intelligent contract to the account of the original owner of the auction target.

The types of accounts include: an account created based on a blockchain protocol, or an account created based on the smart contract.

The bidding step further comprises: and freezing the bid amount specified by the bidder in the account of the intelligent contract.

The auction completing step further comprises: and returning the bid amount specified by the other bidder from the account of the intelligent contract to the account of the other bidder.

The issuing step further comprises: setting a strike price for the digital asset. Determining a bid record for the bidder for the digital asset, comprising: in the event that it is determined that the bid amount specified by the bidder is not less than the strike price, determining a bid record for the digital asset by the bidder.

The method shown in fig. 6 further comprises: the step of the auctioneer client invoking the intelligent contract execution in the first blockchain network further comprises an asset management step; the asset management step comprises: placing the digital asset in an auctionable state or a non-auctionable state.

Determining a bid record for the bidder for the digital asset comprises: if the digital asset is placed in an auctionable state, determining a bid record for the digital asset by the bidder. The bidding step further comprises: and if the digital asset is placed in a non-auctioning state, refusing to determine a bid record of the bidder for the digital asset.

The digital identity document also contains a public key of the auctioning party. Placing the digital asset in an auctionable state or a non-auctionable state, comprising: and acquiring an auctioneer public key contained in the digital identity document from the intelligent contract in the second blockchain network in a cross-chain manner, verifying the signature submitted by the auctioneer client for calling the intelligent contract in the first blockchain network to execute the asset management step by using the acquired auctioneer public key, and setting the digital asset in an auctionable state or an auctionable-impossible state if the signature passes the verification.

Fig. 7 is a schematic flow chart of another block chain-based auction method provided in the present specification, including:

s700: the seller client calls the intelligent contract in the blockchain network to execute the issuing step and the association creating step.

Wherein the issuing step comprises: the digital asset corresponding to the auction object is issued. The association creating step includes: an association between the digital asset and the owner identification of the auction object is created.

S702: and one or more bidder clients respectively call intelligent contracts in the blockchain network to execute bidding steps.

The bidding steps are as follows: determining a bid record for the digital asset by the bidder if the bidder is determined to qualify for bidding on the digital asset

S704: and calling an intelligent contract in the blockchain network to execute an auction completion step.

The auction completion steps are as follows: and updating the association relationship by taking the bidder with the highest bid as the new owner of the auction object, namely updating the association relationship between the digital asset and the original owner identifier of the auction object into the association relationship between the digital asset and the bidder with the highest bid.

The method shown in fig. 7 is based on the method shown in fig. 4. The main difference between the method shown in fig. 7 and the method shown in fig. 4 is that in the method shown in fig. 7, instead of registering a digital identity for a digital asset, an association between the digital asset and the owner identification of the auction object is created, and the ownership of the auction object under the chain is endorsed using the association created on the chain. After the auction is complete, the bidder that bid the highest is associated with the digital asset and the original owner of the auction subject is disassociated from the digital asset.

The principles of the embodiments of the method illustrated in fig. 7 are similar to those of the embodiments of the method illustrated in fig. 4 and can be understood with reference thereto. The various embodiments of the method shown in FIG. 7 are briefly described as follows:

determining whether the bidder qualifies for a bid for the digital asset, comprising: and judging whether the time for the client side of the bidder to call the intelligent contract in the blockchain network to execute the bidding step is within the auction period, if so, determining that the bidder has the bidding qualification aiming at the digital asset, and if not, determining that the bidder does not have the bidding qualification aiming at the digital asset.

And calling an intelligent contract in the blockchain network to execute the auction completion step by a seller-taking client or an owner client of the auction object.

The bidding step further comprises: triggering event information corresponding to the bidding records;

the method further comprises the following steps: all the client sides determine the bidding party with the highest bidding price according to the monitored event messages respectively corresponding to the bidding records; and the client of the owner calls the intelligent contract in the block chain network to execute the auction completion step according to the determination result. Or the client of the auction party determines the bidder with the highest bid price according to the monitored event messages respectively corresponding to the bid price records; and the seller-taking client calls an intelligent contract in the block chain network to execute the auction completion step according to the determination result.

Under the condition that the client of the owner calls the intelligent contract in the block chain network to execute the auction completion step according to the determination result, the updating of the association relationship in the auction completion step comprises the following steps: and verifying the signature submitted by the client of the owner for calling the intelligent contract in the block chain network to execute the auction completion step by using the public key of the owner, and updating the association relationship if the signature passes the verification.

The owner public key is included in a digital identity document of the digital asset; and the seller-taking client calls the intelligent contract in the block chain network in advance to register the digital asset with the digital identity. Or the owner's public key is contained in the owner's digital identity document; and the client of the owner pre-calls an intelligent contract in the block chain network to register the digital identity of the owner.

Under the condition that the auction party client calls the intelligent contract in the block chain network to execute the auction completion step according to the determination result, the updating of the association relationship in the auction completion step comprises the following steps: and verifying the signature submitted by the auction party client for calling the intelligent contract in the block chain network to execute the auction completion step by using the public key of the auction party, and updating the association relationship if the signature passes the verification.

The auctioneer's public key is included in a digital identity document of the digital asset; and the seller-taking client calls the intelligent contract in the block chain network in advance to register the digital asset with the digital identity. Or the public key of the auctioneer is contained in the digital identity document of the auctioning party; and the seller-taking client calls an intelligent contract in the blockchain network in advance to register the digital identity of the seller-taking client.

The method of fig. 7 further comprises: the one or more bidder clients respectively invoke in advance intelligent contract execution in the blockchain network: registering a digital identity of the bidder; the digital identity document of the bidder contains the bidder public key of the bidder. Determining whether the bidder qualifies for a bid for the digital asset, comprising: and verifying the signature submitted by the bidder client for executing the bidding step for invoking the intelligent contract in the blockchain network by using a bidder public key contained in the digital identity document of the bidder, if the signature passes the verification, determining that the bidder has bidding qualification aiming at the digital asset, and if the signature does not pass the verification, determining that the bidder does not have the bidding qualification aiming at the digital asset.

An owner identification of the auction object, comprising: and the client of the owner pre-calls the digital identity of the owner registered by the intelligent contract in the blockchain network. Identification of the bidder that bid the highest, including: the most bidding party client pre-calls the digital identity of the bidding party registered by the intelligent contract in the blockchain network.

The bidding step further comprises: and transferring the bid amount specified by the bidder from the account of the bidder to an account of the intelligent contract in the blockchain network. The auction completing step further comprises: transferring a bid amount specified by a bidder having a highest bid from an account of a smart contract in the blockchain network to an account of the auctioning party; or transferring the bid amount specified by the bidder with the highest bid price from the account of the intelligent contract in the block chain network to the account of the original owner of the auction target.

The types of accounts include: an account created based on a blockchain protocol, or an account created based on an intelligent contract in the blockchain network.

The bidding step further comprises: and freezing the bid amount specified by the bidder in the account of the intelligent contract in the block chain network.

The auction completing step further comprises: and returning the bid amount specified by the other bidder from the account of the intelligent contract in the blockchain network to the account of the other bidder.

The method of fig. 7 further comprises: the step of calling the intelligent contract in the blockchain network by the seller-patting client side to execute further comprises an asset management step; the asset management step comprises: placing the digital asset in an auctionable state or a non-auctionable state. Determining a bid record for the bidder for the digital asset comprises: if the digital asset is placed in an auctionable state, determining a bid record for the digital asset by the bidder. The bidding step further comprises: and if the digital asset is placed in a non-auctioning state, refusing to determine a bid record of the bidder for the digital asset.

The digital identity document also contains a public key of the auctioning party. Placing the digital asset in an auctionable state or a non-auctionable state, comprising: and verifying the signature submitted by the asset management step executed by the auction client for calling the intelligent contract in the blockchain network, and if the signature passes the verification, setting the digital asset in an auctionable state or an auctionable state.

The method of fig. 7, further comprising: and the seller taking client calls the intelligent contract in the block chain network in advance to register the digital identity of the digital asset. The digital identity is, decentralized identity DID.

Fig. 8 is a schematic flow chart of another block chain-based auction method provided in the present specification, including:

s800: the auctioning client invokes an intelligent contract in the blockchain network to perform the issuing step.

The issuing step is as follows: the digital asset corresponding to the auction object is issued.

And the owner of the auction object calls the digital identity document of the digital identity registered by the intelligent contract in the blockchain network, and the ownership of the digital asset by the owner is recorded.

S802: and one or more bidder clients respectively call intelligent contracts in the blockchain network to execute bidding steps.

The bidding step is as follows: if the bidder is determined to qualify for bidding on the digital asset, a record of bids by the bidder for the digital asset is determined.

S804: and calling an intelligent contract in the blockchain network to execute an auction completion step.

The auction completion step is as follows: and deleting the ownership relationship of the owner to the digital assets from the digital identity documents of the owners, calling the digital identity documents of the digital identities registered by the intelligent contracts in the blockchain network to the bidder with the highest bid price, and writing the ownership relationship of the bidder to the digital assets.

The method shown in fig. 8 is based on the method shown in fig. 4. The main difference between the method of figure 8 and the method of figure 4 is that in the method of figure 8, instead of registering a digital identity for the digital asset anchored in the chain by the auction subject, a digital identity is registered for the owner of the auction subject, who has possession of the digital asset in his digital identity document. In this manner, ownership of the auction object for which the digital asset is anchored under the chain is provided with a trusted endorsement, utilizing ownership of the digital asset as described in the digital identity document of the owner. In the auction completion step, transfer of ownership of the digital assets on the chain is completed by updating the ownership relationship to the digital assets, thereby mapping to transfer of ownership of the auction objects under the chain.

The principles of the embodiments of the method illustrated in fig. 8 are similar to those of the embodiments of the method illustrated in fig. 4 and can be understood with reference thereto. The various embodiments of the method shown in FIG. 8 are briefly described as follows:

The bidding step further comprises: and triggering the event message corresponding to the bid record.

The method of fig. 8 further comprises: all the client sides determine the bidding party with the highest bidding price according to the monitored event messages respectively corresponding to the bidding records; and the client of the owner calls the intelligent contract in the block chain network to execute the auction completion step according to the determination result. Or the client of the auction party determines the bidder with the highest bid price according to the monitored event messages respectively corresponding to the bid price records; and the seller-taking client calls an intelligent contract in the block chain network to execute the auction completion step according to the determination result.

Under the condition that the client of the owner calls the intelligent contract in the block chain network to execute the auction completion step according to the determination result, the method for determining the bidder with the highest price in the auction completion step comprises the following steps: and verifying the signature submitted by the client of the owner for calling the intelligent contract in the block chain network to execute the auction completion step by using the public key of the owner, and if the signature passes the verification, determining the bidder specified by the determination result as the bidder with the highest bid price.

The owner public key is included in a digital identity document of the digital asset; and the seller-taking client calls an intelligent contract in the block chain network in advance to register a digital identity for the digital asset. Or the owner's public key is contained in the owner's digital identity document.

Under the condition that the auction party client calls an intelligent contract in the block chain network to execute the auction completion step according to the determination result, the auction completion step determines a bidder with the highest price, and the method comprises the following steps: and verifying the signature submitted by the auction party client for calling the intelligent contract in the blockchain network to execute the auction completion step by using the public key of the auction party, and determining the bidder designated by the selection result as the bidder with the highest bid price if the signature passes the verification.

The auctioneer's public key is included in a digital identity document of the digital asset; and the seller-taking client calls an intelligent contract in the block chain network in advance to register a digital identity for the digital asset. Or the auctioneer public key is contained in the digital identity document of the auctioning party.

Determining whether the bidder qualifies for a bid for the digital asset, comprising: using a bidder public key in a digital identity document of a digital identity registered by the bidder calling the intelligent contract in the blockchain network, verifying a signature submitted by a bidder client for executing a bidding step for calling the intelligent contract in the blockchain network, if the signature passes the verification, determining that the bidder has a bidding qualification aiming at the digital asset, and if the signature does not pass the verification, determining that the bidder does not have the bidding qualification aiming at the digital asset.

The bidding step further comprises: and if the bidder is determined not to be qualified to bid on the digital asset, refusing to determine a record of bids by the bidder on the digital asset.

The method of fig. 8 further comprises: the step of calling the intelligent contract in the blockchain network by the seller-patting client side to execute further comprises an asset management step; the asset management step comprises: placing the digital asset in an auctionable state or a non-auctionable state. Determining a bid record for the bidder for the digital asset comprises: if the digital asset is placed in an auctionable state, determining a bid record for the digital asset by the bidder. The bidding step further comprises: and if the digital asset is placed in a non-auctioning state, refusing to determine a bid record of the bidder for the digital asset.

Fig. 9 is a schematic flow chart of another block chain-based auction method provided in the present specification, including:

s900: the auctioneer client invokes an intelligent contract in the first blockchain network to perform the issuing step.

The issuing step: the digital asset corresponding to the auction object is issued.

And the owner of the auction object calls the digital identity document of the digital identity registered by the intelligent contract in the second blockchain network, and the ownership of the digital asset by the owner is recorded.

S902: one or more bidder clients respectively invoke intelligent contracts in the first blockchain network to perform bidding steps.

The bidding steps are as follows: if the bidder is determined to qualify for bidding on the digital asset, a record of bids by the bidder for the digital asset is determined.

S904: and calling an intelligent contract in the first blockchain network to execute an auction completion step.

The auction completion steps are as follows: and calling the intelligent contract in the second block chain network in a cross-chain manner, deleting the ownership relationship of the owner to the digital asset from the digital identity document of the owner, calling the digital identity document of the digital identity registered by the intelligent contract in the second block chain network to the bidder with the highest bid, and writing the ownership relationship of the bidder to the digital asset.

The method shown in fig. 9 is based on the method shown in fig. 8. The main difference between the method of figure 9 and the method of figure 8 is that in the method of figure 9, the blockchain network utilized by the auctioneer to deliver the digital asset (the first blockchain network) is not the same blockchain network as the blockchain network utilized to register the digital identities of the original owner and the new owner (the second blockchain network). In addition, intelligent contracts for performing the bidding steps, auction completion steps are deployed in the first blockchain network. The second blockchain network is a blockchain network dedicated to registering and managing digital identities.

The principles of the embodiments of the method of FIG. 9 are similar to the embodiments of the method of FIG. 8, and it should be understood that the main difference between the embodiments of FIG. 9 and FIG. 8 is that in the embodiments of the method of FIG. 9, when an intelligent contract in a first blockchain network needs to invoke a function related to a digital identity (e.g., read data from a digital identity document, modify data in a digital identity document), an intelligent contract in a second blockchain network needs to be invoked across chains.

The various embodiments of the method shown in FIG. 9 are briefly described as follows:

determining whether the bidder qualifies for a bid for the digital asset, comprising: and judging whether the time for the client side of the bidder to call the intelligent contract in the first blockchain network to execute the bidding step is within the auction period, if so, determining that the bidder has the bidding qualification aiming at the digital asset, and if not, determining that the bidder does not have the bidding qualification aiming at the digital asset.

Invoking an intelligent contract in the first blockchain network to perform auction completion steps, comprising: after the auction period ends, invoking an intelligent contract in the first blockchain network to perform an auction completion step. The bidder with the highest bid is the new owner of the auction object, and the method comprises the following steps: the bidder having the highest bid during the auction period is the new owner of the auction subject.

And calling the intelligent contract in the first blockchain network to execute the auction completion step by a seller-taking client or an owner client of the auction object.

The method of fig. 9 further comprises: all the client sides determine the bidding party with the highest bidding price according to the monitored event messages respectively corresponding to the bidding records; and the client of the owner calls the intelligent contract in the first block chain network to execute the auction completion step according to the determination result. Or, the client of the auction side determines the bidder with the highest bid price according to the monitored event messages respectively corresponding to the bid price records; and the seller-taking client calls an intelligent contract in the first block chain network to execute the auction completion step according to the determination result.

Under the condition that the client of the owner calls the intelligent contract in the first block chain network to execute the auction completion step according to the determination result, the auction completion step determines the bidder with the highest price, and the method comprises the following steps: and verifying the signature submitted by the client of the owner for calling the intelligent contract in the first block chain network to execute the auction completion step by using the public key of the owner, and if the signature passes the verification, determining the bidder specified by the determination result as the bidder with the highest bid price.

The owner public key is included in a digital identity document of the digital asset; and the seller-taking client calls an intelligent contract in the second block chain network in advance to register a digital identity for the digital asset. Or the owner's public key is contained in the owner's digital identity document.

Under the condition that the auction party client calls an intelligent contract in the block chain network to execute the auction completion step according to the determination result, the auction completion step determines a bidder with the highest price, and the method comprises the following steps: and verifying the signature submitted by the auction party client for calling the intelligent contract in the first block chain network to execute the auction completion step by using the public key of the auction party, and determining the bidder designated by the selection result as the bidder with the highest bid price if the signature passes the verification.

The auctioneer's public key is included in a digital identity document of the digital asset; and the seller-taking client calls an intelligent contract in the second block chain network in advance to register a digital identity for the digital asset. Or the auctioneer public key is contained in the digital identity document of the auctioning party.

Determining whether the bidder qualifies for a bid for the digital asset, comprising: calling an intelligent contract in the second block chain network in a cross-chain mode to obtain a bidder public key in a digital identity document of a digital identity registered by the bidder calling the intelligent contract in the second block chain network; and verifying the signature submitted by the bidder client for invoking the intelligent contract execution bidding step in the first blockchain network by using the acquired public key of the bidder, if the verification is passed, determining that the bidder has bidding qualification aiming at the digital asset, and if the verification is not passed, determining that the bidder does not have the bidding qualification aiming at the digital asset.

The bidding step further comprises: transferring the bid amount specified by the bidder from the bidder's account to an account of the smart contract in the first blockchain network. The auction completing step further comprises: transferring a bid amount specified by a bidder having a highest bid from an account of a smart contract in the first blockchain network to an account of the auctioning party; or transferring the bid amount specified by the bidder with the highest bid price from the account of the intelligent contract in the first blockchain network to the account of the original owner of the auction object.

The types of accounts include: an account created based on a blockchain protocol, or an account created based on an intelligent contract in the first blockchain network.

The bidding step further comprises: and freezing the bid amount specified by the bidder in the account of the intelligent contract in the first blockchain network.

The auction completing step further comprises: returning a bid amount specified by the other bidder from an account of the smart contract in the first blockchain network to an account of the other bidder.

The method of fig. 9 further comprises: the step of the auctioneer client invoking the intelligent contract execution in the first blockchain network further comprises an asset management step; the asset management step comprises: placing the digital asset in an auctionable state or a non-auctionable state. Determining a bid record for the bidder for the digital asset comprises: if the digital asset is placed in an auctionable state, determining a bid record for the digital asset by the bidder. The bidding step further comprises: and if the digital asset is placed in a non-auctioning state, refusing to determine a bid record of the bidder for the digital asset.

The digital identity document also contains a public key of the auctioning party. Placing the digital asset in an auctionable state or a non-auctionable state, comprising: and verifying the signature submitted by the auctioneer client for calling the intelligent contract execution asset management step in the first block chain network, and if the signature passes the verification, setting the digital asset in an auctionable state or a non-auctionable state.

Further, the present specification also provides:

a blockchain-based auction system comprising an auctioneer client, one or more bidder clients, and a blockchain network;

the auction side client side calls the intelligent contract in the block chain network to execute the issuing step and the registering step; the issuing step includes: issuing a digital asset corresponding to the auction object; the registering step comprises: registering a digital identity for the digital asset, the digital identity document of the digital asset containing an owner identification of the auction object;

in addition, the intelligent contract in the block chain network is called to execute auction completion steps: and updating the owner identification of the auction object contained in the digital identity document by taking the bidder with the highest bid as the new owner of the auction object.

And the auctioneer client calls the intelligent contract in the block chain network to execute the auction completion step.

The auction service organization is used for carrying out auction by the auction owner of the auction object, and the system further comprises an owner client.

And the client of the owner calls the intelligent contract in the block chain network to execute the auction completion step.

A blockchain based auction system comprising an auctioneer client, one or more bidder clients, a first blockchain network, and a second blockchain network;

the auctioneer client side calls the intelligent contract in the first block chain network to execute the issuing steps: issuing a digital asset corresponding to the auction object; calling an intelligent contract in the second blockchain network to execute a registration step: registering a digital identity for the digital asset; the digital identity document of the digital asset contains an owner identification of the auction object;

one or more bidder clients respectively call intelligent contracts in the first blockchain network to perform bidding steps: if the bidder is determined to qualify for bidding on the digital asset, determining a record of bids by the bidder for the digital asset;

in addition, the intelligent contract in the first blockchain network is called to execute the auction completion steps: and taking the bidder with the highest bid as a new owner of the auction object, and calling an intelligent contract in the second blockchain network in a cross-chain mode to update the owner identification of the auction object contained in the digital identity document.

the auction side client side calls the intelligent contract in the block chain network to execute the issuing step and the association establishing step; the issuing step includes: issuing a digital asset corresponding to the auction object; the association creating step includes: creating an association between the digital asset and the owner identification of the auction object;

in addition, the intelligent contract in the block chain network is called to execute auction completion steps: and updating the association relationship by taking the bidder with the highest bid as a new owner of the auction object.

A blockchain based auction system comprising an auctioneer client, one or more bidder clients, a first blockchain network, a second blockchain network;

the auctioneer client side calls the intelligent contract in the first block chain network to execute the issuing steps: issuing a digital asset corresponding to the auction object; the method comprises the steps that an owner of an auction object calls a digital identity document of a digital identity registered by an intelligent contract in a second blockchain network, and the ownership of the digital asset by the owner is recorded;

in addition, the intelligent contract in the first blockchain network is called to execute the auction completion steps: and calling the intelligent contract in the second block chain network in a cross-chain manner, deleting the ownership relationship of the owner to the digital asset from the digital identity document of the owner, calling the digital identity document of the digital identity registered by the intelligent contract in the second block chain network to the bidder with the highest bid, and writing the ownership relationship of the bidder to the digital asset.

And the auctioneer client calls the intelligent contract in the first block chain network to execute the auction completion step.

And the client of the owner calls the intelligent contract in the first block chain network to execute the auction completion step.

The systems, devices, modules or units illustrated in the above embodiments may be implemented by a computer chip or an entity, or by a product with certain functions. One typical implementation device is a computer. In particular, the computer may be, for example, a personal computer, a laptop computer, a cellular telephone, a camera phone, a smartphone, a personal digital assistant, a media player, a navigation device, an email device, a game console, a tablet computer, a wearable device, or a combination of any of these devices.

For convenience of description, the above devices are described as being divided into various units by function, and are described separately. Of course, the functions of the various elements may be implemented in the same one or more software and/or hardware implementations of the present description.

As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.

The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

This description may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The specification may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices.

These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks. In a typical configuration, a computer includes one or more processors (CPUs), input/output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

The memory may include forms of volatile memory in a computer readable medium, Random Access Memory (RAM) and/or non-volatile memory, such as Read Only Memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM). Memory is an example of a computer-readable medium.

Computer-readable media, including both non-transitory and non-transitory, removable and non-removable media, may implement information storage by any method or technology. The information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of a program, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), other types of Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), Digital Versatile Discs (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic disk storage, quantum memory, graphene-based storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, a computer readable medium does not include a transitory computer readable medium such as a modulated data signal and a carrier wave.

It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

The foregoing description has been directed to specific embodiments of this disclosure. Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims may be performed in a different order than in the embodiments and still achieve desirable results. In addition, the processes depicted in the accompanying figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing may also be possible or may be advantageous.

The terminology used in the description of the one or more embodiments is for the purpose of describing the particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the description of the one or more embodiments. As used in one or more embodiments of the present specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used in one or more embodiments of the present description to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one type of information from another. For example, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information, without departing from the scope of one or more embodiments herein. The word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at … …" or "when … …" or "in response to a determination", depending on the context.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, and is not intended to limit the scope of the one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the one or more embodiments of the present disclosure should be included in the scope of the one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A blockchain-based auction method, comprising:

2. The method of claim 1, the auctioning of objects comprising: an item, or property interest.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the auctioning party is an owner of the auction subject or the auctioning party is an auction service that brokers the auction subject owner for auctions.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the digital asset is a non-homogeneous voucher NFT.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the digital identity is a Decentralized Identity (DID).

6. The method of claim 1, determining whether the bidder qualifies for bidding on the digital asset, comprising:

and judging whether the time for the client side of the bidder to call the intelligent contract in the blockchain network to execute the bidding step is within the auction period, if so, determining that the bidder has the bidding qualification aiming at the digital asset, and if not, determining that the bidder does not have the bidding qualification aiming at the digital asset.

7. The method of any of claims 1-6, invoking an intelligent contract in the blockchain network to perform auction completion steps, comprising:

after the auction period is finished, calling an intelligent contract in the blockchain network to execute an auction completion step;

the bidder with the highest bid is the new owner of the auction object, and the method comprises the following steps:

the bidder having the highest bid during the auction period is the new owner of the auction subject.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein an auctioneer client, or an owner client of the auction object, invokes a smart contract in the blockchain network to perform the auction completion step.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein said bidding step further comprises: triggering event information corresponding to the bidding records;

the method further comprises the following steps: all the client sides determine the bidding party with the highest bidding price according to the monitored event messages respectively corresponding to the bidding records; the client of the owner calls an intelligent contract in the block chain network to execute the auction completion step according to the determination result;

or

The client side of the auction provider determines the bidding party with the highest bidding price according to the monitored event messages corresponding to the bidding records; and the seller-taking client calls an intelligent contract in the block chain network to execute the auction completion step according to the determination result.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein in a case where the owner client invokes an intelligent contract in the blockchain network to perform the auction completion step according to the determination result, the determining a bidder having a highest price in the auction completion step comprises:

and verifying the signature submitted by the client of the owner for calling the intelligent contract in the block chain network to execute the auction completion step by using the public key of the owner, and if the signature passes the verification, determining the bidder specified by the determination result as the bidder with the highest bid price.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the owner's public key is included in a digital identity document of the digital asset; the method comprises the steps that a seller-taking client pre-calls an intelligent contract in the block chain network to register a digital identity for the digital asset;

or

The owner public key is included in the digital identity document of the owner.

12. The method of claim 9, wherein in a case that the auctioneer client invokes an intelligent contract in the blockchain network to perform the auction completion step according to the determination result, the determining a bidder having a highest price in the auction completion step comprises:

and verifying the signature submitted by the auction party client for calling the intelligent contract in the blockchain network to execute the auction completion step by using the public key of the auction party, and if the signature passes the verification, determining the bidder specified by the determination result as the bidder with the highest bid price.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the auctioneer's public key is included in a digital identity document of the digital asset; the method comprises the steps that a seller-taking client pre-calls an intelligent contract in the block chain network to register a digital identity for the digital asset;

or

The auctioneer public key is included in a digital identity document of the auctioning party.

14. The method of claim 1, determining whether the bidder qualifies for bidding on the digital asset, comprising:

using a bidder public key in a digital identity document of a digital identity registered by the bidder calling the intelligent contract in the blockchain network, verifying a signature submitted by a bidder client for executing a bidding step for calling the intelligent contract in the blockchain network, if the signature passes the verification, determining that the bidder has a bidding qualification aiming at the digital asset, and if the signature does not pass the verification, determining that the bidder does not have the bidding qualification aiming at the digital asset.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein said bidding step further comprises:

transferring a bid amount specified by the bidder from an account of the bidder to an account of a smart contract in the blockchain network;

the auction completing step further comprises:

transferring a bid amount specified by a bidder having a highest bid from an account of a smart contract in the blockchain network to an account of the auctioning party; or transferring the bid amount specified by the bidder with the highest bid price from the account of the intelligent contract in the block chain network to the account of the original owner of the auction target.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the type of account comprises: an account created based on a blockchain protocol, or an account created based on an intelligent contract in the blockchain network.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein said bidding step further comprises:

and freezing the bid amount specified by the bidder in the account of the intelligent contract in the block chain network.

18. The method of claim 15, the auction fulfillment step further comprising:

and returning the bid amount specified by the other bidder from the account of the intelligent contract in the blockchain network to the account of the other bidder.

19. The method of claim 15, wherein said issuing step further comprises:

setting a start-up price for the digital asset;

determining a bid record for the bidder for the digital asset, comprising:

in the event that it is determined that the bid amount specified by the bidder is not less than the strike price, determining a bid record for the digital asset by the bidder.

20. The method of claim 1, wherein said bidding step further comprises:

and if the bidder is determined not to be qualified to bid on the digital asset, refusing to determine a record of bids by the bidder on the digital asset.

21. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

the step of calling the intelligent contract in the blockchain network by the seller-patting client side to execute further comprises an asset management step; the asset management step comprises: placing the digital asset in an auctionable state or a non-auctionable state;

determining a bid record for the bidder for the digital asset comprises:

if the digital asset is placed in an auctionable state, determining a bid record of the bidder for the digital asset;

the bidding step further comprises:

and if the digital asset is placed in a non-auctioning state, refusing to determine a bid record of the bidder for the digital asset.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the digital identity document further comprises a public key of the auctioning party;

placing the digital asset in an auctionable state or a non-auctionable state, comprising:

and verifying the signature submitted by the asset management step executed by the auction client for calling the intelligent contract in the blockchain network, and if the signature passes the verification, setting the digital asset in an auctionable state or an auctionable state.

23. A blockchain-based auction system comprising an auctioneer client, one or more bidder clients, and a blockchain network;

24. The system of claim 23, the auctioneer client invoking a smart contract in the blockchain network to perform an auction completion step.