CN113093291A - Differential electrical prospecting method for detecting leakage of pollutants - Google Patents
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Abstract
A differential electrical prospecting method for contaminant leak detection. The method comprises the steps of firstly arranging power supply electrodes A1 and B1 outside a pollutant landfill, and measuring the potential difference on measuring electrodes inside the pollutant landfill; arranging power supply electrodes A2 and B2 in the pollutant landfill, and measuring the potential difference on the measuring electrodes in the pollutant landfill; and calculating the differential leakage judging parameters of all the measuring points by using a corresponding algorithm, drawing a related graph, analyzing according to a leakage point judging rule, judging whether the pollutant landfill site has leakage or not, and if so, acquiring the plane coordinate position of the leakage point. The method can obviously weaken the interference information formed by the resistivity abnormal body in the shallow part of the pollutant landfill, thereby improving the high-precision and quick judgment on whether the pollutant landfill has leakage and the leakage position. The method has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency and high precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a differential electrical prospecting method for detecting pollutant leakage, belonging to the field of geophysical prospecting. The method can improve the leakage judgment precision of the pollutant landfill and reduce the exploration economic cost and the time cost.
Background
With the development of society, pollutants generated by human beings gradually rise, and a large number of pollutant landfills are formed, and almost all the pollutant landfills have the problem of leachate leakage in different degrees. The source of the percolate mainly has four aspects: firstly, precipitation is the main source of leachate; secondly, surface runoff is conducted, and runoff in the uphill direction of the surface of the field is mainly conducted; then groundwater; and finally, the pollutant contains water, the pollutant contains not only the water contained in the pollutant itself, but also the water generated after the organic components in the pollutant are decomposed in the landfill, and the generation amount of the water is related to the components contained in the pollutant, the pH value, the temperature and the strains. For the pollutant landfill, relevant specifications of China are clearly regulated, and anti-seepage facilities are required to be installed to prevent the leachate from polluting soil and underground water. In the construction stage of the impermeable membrane at the bottom of the landfill, the lining is damaged due to manual irregular operation, and pores are easily left at the joints among the impermeable membranes; during the normal operation stage, the seepage of the impermeable membrane can be caused by uneven settlement of the foundation, chemical corrosion and the like. Leakage through the barrier membrane can have serious consequences. The leachate contains a large amount of harmful substances such as virulent substances, heavy metals and the like, and after entering the underground environment, the leachate pollutes the soil and can further enter human bodies through a food chain, thereby causing serious harm. In addition, the leachate can also pollute underground water bodies, so that the hardness, the contents of chloride, arsenic, chromium and the like in the water bodies are greatly improved, the hardness, the contents of chloride, arsenic, chromium and the like exceed the standard of drinking water, and the leachate is harmful to human health.
Therefore, it is necessary to enhance leachate monitoring in a contaminated landfill. The existing detection means basically adopts a drilling mode, the method is complex to operate, requires participation of multiple persons, has higher requirements on sample preservation, and is long in chemical analysis of the sample, so that the method is high in cost and long in time consumption. In addition, because the sampling points in the chemical sampling are limited, how to arrange the sampling points becomes a key factor influencing the field investigation result, if the sampling points are reasonably arranged, the field pollution condition can be acquired by using a smaller sampling point number, and the pollution detection efficiency is improved. However, to correctly arrange the sampling points, many factors, such as hydrogeological conditions of the site, pollution source distribution and the like, need to be comprehensively considered, and in some cases, these data are not perfect, and the optimization of the arrangement of the sampling points cannot be realized, and the sampling result may not sufficiently reflect the site characteristics, which may cause multiple times of sampling of the same site, which will seriously increase the sampling cost.
The geophysical exploration method has the advantages of economy, rapidness, accuracy, wide detection range and the like as a novel non-invasive detection method, and has strong feasibility and popularization value for detecting polluted fields. The resistivity method needs less labor cost for detection, the detection of the polluted site can be realized quickly and efficiently, and the detection result can effectively reflect the pollution distribution information of the polluted site, so that the resistivity method detection technology can perfect a polluted site investigation system, quickly realize the preliminary judgment of the pollution degree and the pollution range of the polluted site, contribute to providing a theoretical basis for further drilling sampling, avoid repeated sampling and save chemical detection cost.
The resistivity method is based on the conductivity difference of rock-soil medium, and uses special instrument to observe and research the distribution rule of artificially-built underground stable current field, and then combines the related data of geology, hydrology and the like to make proper geochemistry analysis, and then utilizes the analysis and research of abnormal change rule of artificial stable current field to deduce and explain the distribution characteristics of polluted area so as to attain the goal of detection. The resistivity of soil depends on the porosity, pore shape, pore liquid resistivity, saturation, solid particle content, shape, orientation, and cementation state of the soil. The contaminated soil is soil in which the original properties are changed due to invasion of foreign contaminants. After the soil body is polluted by the percolate, water phase pollutants enter the soil and are mixed with pore water, so that the resistivity of the pore liquid is changed, and an abnormal phenomenon occurs. Scholars at home and abroad make relevant researches on the application of the resistivity method in detecting pollutants.
At present, the main geophysical methods adopted for the leakage problem of the pollutant landfill field comprise a high-density resistivity method, a geological radar method, a transient electromagnetic method, a geothermal method and the like, wherein the high-density resistivity method is wide in application range due to the reasons of rapidness, high precision and the like, but the exploration efficiency of the high-density resistivity still needs to be improved, the cost needs to be reduced, and the low-cost and high-efficiency monitoring function is realized.
The existing electric method for realizing leakage point monitoring by arranging an electric method monitoring system at the bottom of a pollutant landfill needs to arrange a corresponding monitoring system in the construction period of the landfill, has good monitoring effect, but has several limitations: 1. the whole system needs to be arranged in the construction period of the landfill, and the method cannot be carried out for the landfill without the monitoring system in the construction period; 2. since the main electrode system of the monitoring system is built in the landfill, if the electrode system fails, maintenance is impossible or difficult. The monitoring system is a good choice in terms of effectiveness, but due to the above limitations, the method is not suitable for some landfills.
Because the pollutant landfill site has the characteristics, the landfill depth of the pollutants is known, and the unknown is mainly the plane position of a leakage point, so that the plane position of the leakage point is mainly searched for the leakage problem of the pollutant landfill site; moreover, since the material uniformity in the pollutant landfill can change, the resistivity anomaly in the shallow part can interfere with the resistivity of the high-density resistivity method, so that the judgment precision of the method on the leakage point is influenced; therefore, the method is worthy of developing new method and technology researches aiming at the problems in the prior art, on one hand, the exploration cost is reduced, on the other hand, the exploration precision is improved, on the third hand, the low-cost and high-precision electrical method monitoring technology is realized, on the fourth hand, the applicability of the method is improved, and the limitation of the method is reduced.
The invention content is as follows:
based on the existing problems of easy interference, low efficiency, high cost and the like in the electrical prospecting of the current pollutant landfill, the research on the related aspects is worth developing in order to improve the effect, the efficiency, the precision and the like of the electrical prospecting of the pollutant landfill.
The invention provides a differential electrical prospecting method for detecting pollutant leakage, which comprises the following steps:
a) arranging one or more electrical prospecting measuring lines inside the pollutant landfill, wherein the measuring lines can be straight lines or curves, but the design of the straight lines is recommended; if the number of the measuring lines is multiple, all the measuring lines are not intersected; although the survey lines are intersected, the development of work cannot be influenced, the workload of field arrangement is increased, and in addition, certain complexity is brought to data interpretation, so that the non-intersection of all survey lines is limited from the aspects of reducing exploration cost and improving the accuracy of abnormal judgment.
b) Arranging power supply electrodes A1 and B1 and a power supply system outside a pollutant landfill, supplying power, recording current values passing through the power supply electrodes A1 and B1, and recording the current values for many times if the current values change, namely ensuring the power supply current value at the corresponding moment when carrying out potential difference measurement each time as much as possible; the distance between the power supply electrodes A1 and B1 is not less than 3 times the deepest depth of the landfill, and the power supply electrodes A1 and B1 are respectively located at the opposite outer parts of the pollutant landfill, namely, the connection line of the power supply electrodes A1 and B1 passes through the pollutant landfill and the power supply electrodes A1 and B1 are not located in the pollutant landfill. The distance between the feeding electrodes a1 and B1 is required to be mainly from the abnormal information of the leakage point to be acquired, and the too close distance may cause the information of the leakage point to be insufficient, thereby making it difficult or impossible to acquire the abnormal information of the leakage point, and causing erroneous judgment. The supply electrodes a1 and B1 are disposed on either side of the contaminant landfill and are not located within the contaminant landfill, primarily to increase the degree of influence of potential leak points on the electric field signal. Additionally, the connection of electrodes a1 and B1 is across the contaminant landfill, and for a regular landfill, the connection may be chosen to pass through the center of the landfill; for irregular landfill sites, the connecting line is made to pass through the middle part of the landfill site as much as possible; therefore, the overall leakage condition in the whole landfill can be acquired, the contrast of exploration data of different measuring lines is improved, and the judgment precision of leakage points is improved finally.
c) Arranging measuring electrodes M and N and a measuring system on a measuring line in the pollutant landfill, and observing a potential difference V between the measuring electrodes M and NMN-A1B1The current values through the supply electrodes a1 and B1 were recorded simultaneously; the measuring electrodes M and N for carrying out the potential difference measurement of a certain time are on the same measuring line, and the measuring electrodes M and N for carrying out the potential difference measurement of a certain time in the subsequent steps are on the same measuring line. The distance between all measuring electrodes M and N is not less than 0.1M, theoretically, the distance can be infinitely small, but from the practical electrical prospecting of a pollutant landfill, the small distance loses the practical prospecting significance. When the same power supply electrode supplies power, the centers of all the measuring electrodes M and N for carrying out potential difference measurement are not overlapped; the data leakage judgment method is limited in that a plurality of data are mainly avoided on the same measuring point, so that complexity is brought to data judgment, the leakage judgment is not improved by the plurality of data, and cost is increased.
d) Changing the positions of the measuring electrodes M and N, and observing the potential difference between the measuring electrodes M and N again; the current values through the supply electrodes a1 and B1 were recorded simultaneously; when the positions of the measuring electrodes M and N on the same measuring line are changed, the positions of the measuring electrodes M and N are changed according to the principle of changing in the same direction; this limitation is proposed primarily to make it easier to satisfy the condition that the centers of the measuring electrodes M and N do not overlap.
e) Until the potential difference measurement on all the measuring points designed in the pollutant landfill is finished; the recording point of the measuring point takes the centers of the measuring electrodes M and N when measuring the potential difference as the recording point, and takes the plane coordinate of the center as the plane coordinate of the measuring point; no power is supplied to the power supply electrodes A1 and B1; when the potential difference at all measuring points is measured, the power supply operation of the power supply electrodes A1 and B1 is finished, and the power supply electrodes including the power supply system can be retracted or moved to the position required by the power supply operation in the step f).
f) Arranging power supply electrodes A2 and B2 and a power supply system in a pollutant landfill, supplying power, recording current values passing through the power supply electrodes A2 and B2, and recording the current values for many times if the current values change, namely ensuring the power supply current value at the corresponding moment when potential difference measurement is carried out every time as much as possible; the distance between the power supply electrodes A2 and B2 is less than the distance between the power supply electrodes A1 and B1, the four power supply electrodes A1, A2, B2 and B1 are in a straight line, and the power supply electrodes A2 and B2 are positioned between the connecting lines of the power supply electrodes A1 and B1; both the supply electrodes a2 and B2 are arranged inside the contaminant landfill, i.e. the distance between the supply electrodes a2 and B2 is smaller than the length of the contaminant landfill on the line connecting the supply electrodes a1 and B1. Neither the supply electrodes a2 nor B2 are disposed at the positions of all the measurement electrodes M and N. The technical definition of the supply electrodes a2 and B2 is primarily to improve the acquisition of the resistivity profile of the material inside the contaminant landfill, thereby providing more reliable data for subsequent calibration. The power supply electrodes a2 and B2 may be selected to be located at the sides of the contaminant landfill, but within the landfill.
g) Arranging measuring electrodes M and N and a measuring system inside a pollutant landfill, and observing a potential difference V between the measuring electrodes M and NMN-A2B2(ii) a The current values through the supply electrodes a2 and B2 were recorded simultaneously; the positions of the measuring electrodes M and N are the same as those of the measuring electrodes M and N in the steps c) -e); the technical limitation means that all measuring points for carrying out potential difference measurement when the power supply electrodes A1 and B1 supply power are completely the same as all measuring points for carrying out potential difference measurement when the power supply electrodes A1 and B1 supply power, so that data of all measuring points can be corrected.
h) Changing the positions of the measuring electrodes M and N, and observing the potential difference between the measuring electrodes M and N again; the current values through the supply electrodes a2 and B2 were recorded simultaneously; the positions of the measuring electrodes M and N are the same as those of the measuring electrodes M and N in the steps c) -e).
i) Until the potential difference measurement on all the measuring points designed in the pollutant landfill is finished; when the power supply electrodes A1 and B1 supply power, the positions of the measuring electrodes M and N at all measuring points are the same as those of the measuring electrodes M and N at all measuring points when the power supply electrodes A2 and B2 supply power; that is, the potential difference is measured twice at all the measurement points, the first time when the power feeding electrodes A1 and B1 are supplied with power, and the second time when the power feeding electrodes A2 and B2 are supplied with power.
j) According to the formula (1), the differential leakage judging parameters of all the measuring points are obtainedNumber LEAKMN，
VMN-A1B1Measuring the potential difference across electrodes M and N when power is applied to power electrodes A1 and B1; rhoMN-A2B2Measuring apparent resistivities obtained on electrodes M and N when power is applied to power electrodes a2 and B2;
measuring the distance between the electrodes M and N; i isA1B1-MNSupplying power to the power supply electrodes A1 and B1, and measuring the value of power supply current passed by the power supply electrodes A1 and B1 when the potential difference is measured on the electrodes M and N; kMN-A2B2Device coefficients for supply electrodes A2 and B2, and measurement electrodes M and N; vMN-A2B2Measuring the potential difference across electrodes M and N when power is applied to power electrodes A2 and B2; i isA2B2-MNSupplying power to the power supply electrodes A2 and B2, and measuring the value of power supply current passed by the power supply electrodes A2 and B2 when the potential difference is measured on the electrodes M and N; in formula (1)
IA1B1-MN、VMN-A1B1、KMN-A2B2、VMN-A2B2、IA2B2-MNThe positions of the measuring electrodes M and N are the same; therefore, the differential leakage judging parameters of all the measuring points are obtained, namely the results of the differential leakage judging parameters of how many measuring points exist, and the differential leakage judging parameters of different measuring points are identified and recognized by the numbers or coordinates of the measuring points.
k) Drawing differential leakage judging parameter graphs of the differential leakage judging parameters of all the measuring points according to the plane coordinates of the measuring points; if only one measuring line exists, drawing a differential leakage judging parameter single curve graph; if a plurality of measuring lines exist, drawing a differential leakage judging parameter plane section diagram; the plane coordinates of the measuring points can be geodetic coordinates or relative coordinates, namely, the relative coordinate relationship among all the measuring points can be ensured.
l) analyzing the differential leakage judging parameter graph in the step k) according to a leakage point judging rule, judging whether the pollutant landfill site has leakage or not, and if so, acquiring the plane coordinate position of the leakage point. The rule for judging the leakage point is divided into the following 2 cases:
i. the rule for judging the leakage point of the differential leakage judging parameter single curve graph is as follows:
if the difference leakage judging parameter single curve has a maximum value point, judging that the pollutant landfill has leakage; if the differential leakage judging parameter single curve only has a minimum value point or a non-polar value point, judging that the pollutant landfill has no leakage;
if the difference leakage judging parameter single curve only has a maximum value point, if the gradients of the difference leakage judging parameter single curves on the two sides of the maximum value point are equal, the plane coordinate corresponding to the maximum value point is the horizontal projection position of the leakage point in the pollutant landfill;
if the differential leakage judging parameter single curve only has a maximum value point, if the gradients of the differential leakage judging parameter single curves in the two sides of the maximum value point are not equal, the plane coordinate corresponding to the inflection point on the side with the large gradient of the differential leakage judging parameter single curve in the two sides of the maximum value point is the horizontal projection position of the leakage point in the pollutant landfill;
if the maximum value point of the differential leakage judging parameter single curve has 1 adjacent minimum value point, the corresponding plane coordinate at the inflection point position between the maximum value point and the minimum value point is the horizontal projection position of the leakage point in the pollutant landfill;
if 2 adjacent minimum value points are arranged beside the maximum value point of the differential leakage judging parameter single curve and the gradient of the differential leakage judging parameter curve of the maximum value point and the 2 minimum value points is not equal, the plane coordinate corresponding to the turning point with the large gradient of the differential leakage judging parameter single curve between the maximum value point and the minimum value points at the adjacent part of the curve is the horizontal projection position of the leakage point in the pollutant landfill; if 2 adjacent minimum value points are arranged beside the maximum value point and the gradient of the differential leakage judging parameter curve of the maximum value point and the 2 minimum value points is equal, the plane coordinates corresponding to 2 inflection points of the differential leakage judging parameter single curve between the maximum value point and the minimum value points at the adjacent parts of the curve are the horizontal projection positions of the leakage points in the pollutant landfill, namely 2 leakage points exist;
and ii, the rule of judging the leakage points of the differential leakage judging parameter plane section diagram is as follows:
firstly, judging each differential leakage judging parameter single curve in the differential leakage judging parameter plane sectional diagram according to a leakage point judging rule of the differential leakage judging parameter single curve diagram, and determining whether leakage exists; if leakage exists, determining the horizontal projection position of a leakage point in the pollutant landfill;
secondly, if leakage exists and the horizontal projection position of the leakage point in the pollutant landfill site is determined, comprehensively judging the connectivity of the leakage point according to the principle that the distance of all the leakage points in different directions is the shortest;
the principle of the closest distance in different directions is as follows: if the connecting line of a certain leakage point and another leakage point which is closest to the certain direction passes through a measuring point without the leakage point or passes through other differential leakage judging parameter single curves, judging that the certain leakage point and the another leakage point belong to non-communicated leakage points; if the connecting line of a certain leakage point and another leakage point which is closest to the certain direction does not pass through a measuring point without the leakage point or another single curve, judging that the certain leakage point and the another leakage point belong to a communicated leakage point; if the communicated leakage points exist in the pollutant landfill, judging whether main leakage points exist or not by comparing the comparison maximum value of the differential leakage judging parameter single curve at each leakage point in the communicated leakage points; dividing the leakage point with the maximum value into a main leakage point, and dividing other leakage points into sub-leakage points; if the maximum values are equal, the maximum values are divided into equal leakage points. If the maximum value is difficult to judge, the judgment can be carried out by means of the gradient value of the peripheral curve of the maximum value point, and the leakage point with the large gradient value can be divided into main leakage points.
In actual measurement work, if the difference leakage judging parameter curve jumps due to unsmooth curve caused by interference and the like, the curve data can be fitted first, and then leakage analysis is carried out on the fitted curve.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of use of a method of differential electrical prospecting for contaminant leak detection in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the working arrangement of the contaminant landfill power supply electrode A1/B1 and the measurement electrode of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of the working arrangement of the contaminant landfill power supply electrode A2/B2 and the measurement electrode of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a working layout of the earth model with leakage points according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of the working layout of the earth model without leakage points according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a comparison graph of differential leakage judging parameters and potential single curves of the present invention with a leakage point earth model numerical simulation;
FIG. 7 is a comparison graph of the differential leakage judging parameters and potential single curves of the earth model numerical simulation without leakage points.
1 in fig. 2, 3, 4, 5 represents an electrical prospecting power supply system; 2, an electrical prospecting measurement system; 3 represents a pollutant landfill; 4 represents an impermeable membrane arranged at the bottom of the pollutant landfill; 5 high impedance anomaly in a contaminant landfill; 6 low resistance anomaly in a contaminant landfill; 7 represents a leakage point on the impermeable membrane at the bottom of the pollutant landfill; a1, B1, a2, B2 represent feeding electrodes of the present invention; m and N represent measuring electrodes of the invention.
The V-MN-A1B1 curves in FIGS. 6 and 7 represent the potential difference curves measured at different measuring points when the power feeding electrodes A1 and B1 are fed with power; the LEAK-MN curves in FIGS. 6 and 7 represent the differential leakage parameter curves at different points.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further described below in connection with specific embodiments with reference to fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.
a) According to the method flow diagram shown in fig. 1, electrical survey lines are first deployed in a contaminant landfill 3 as shown in fig. 2.
b) The power feeding electrodes a1 and B1 and the power feeding system 1 are arranged outside the pollutant landfill 3 as shown in fig. 2, and as shown in fig. 4, the power feeding electrodes a1 and B1 are arranged at the 0 and 175 point positions, respectively, and power is supplied, and the current values passing through the power feeding electrodes a1 and B1 are recorded.
c) As shown in FIG. 2, measuring electrodes M and N and a measuring system 2 are arranged on a measuring line inside a contaminant landfill 3, and a potential difference V between the measuring electrodes M and N is observedMN-A1B1As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the measuring points corresponding to the measuring electrodes M and N are numbered 35-140. The current values through the supply electrodes a1 and B1 were recorded simultaneously.
d) Changing the positions of the measuring electrodes M and N, and observing the potential difference between the measuring electrodes M and N again, as shown in FIG. 4; the current values through the supply electrodes a1 and B1 were recorded simultaneously; when the positions of the measuring electrodes M and N on the same measuring line are changed, the positions of the measuring electrodes M and N are changed according to the principle of changing in the same direction; thereby satisfying the condition that the centers of the measuring electrodes M and N do not overlap.
e) Until the potential difference measurement on all the measuring points designed in the pollutant landfill 3 is finished; the recording point of the measuring point takes the centers of the measuring electrodes M and N when measuring the potential difference as the recording point, and takes the plane coordinate of the center as the plane coordinate of the measuring point; no power is supplied to the power supply electrodes A1 and B1; when the potential differences at all the measuring points are measured, the power supply operation of the power supply electrodes A1 and B1 is finished, and the power supply electrodes including the power supply system are moved to
f) The position required for power supply operation in the step. All potential difference measurements are shown in the curves of figure 6 and figure 7 for V-MN-A1B1,
f) as shown in fig. 2 and 4, the power feeding electrodes a2 and B2 and the power feeding system 1 are arranged at points 30 and 150, respectively, inside the pollutant landfill 3, and power is supplied, and the values of the currents passing through the power feeding electrodes a2 and B2 are recorded.
g) Arranging measuring electrodes M and N and a measuring system 2 in a pollutant landfill 3, and observing a potential difference V between the measuring electrodes M and NMN-A2B2(ii) a The current values through the supply electrodes a2 and B2 were recorded simultaneously; the positions of the measuring electrodes M and N are the same as those of the measuring electrodes M and N in the steps c) -e); as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the measuring points of the measuring electrodes M and N range from 35 to 140.
h) Changing the positions of the measuring electrodes M and N, and observing the potential difference between the measuring electrodes M and N again; the current values through the supply electrodes a2 and B2 were recorded simultaneously; the positions of the measuring electrodes M and N are the same as those of the measuring electrodes M and N in the steps c) -e), and as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the measuring points of the measuring electrodes M and N range from 35 to 140.
i) Until the potential difference measurement on all the measuring points designed in the pollutant landfill 3 is finished.
j) According to the formula (1), the differential leakage judging parameter LEAK of all measuring points is obtainedMN，
The results of the differential LEAK-finding parameters for all the test points are shown in the LEAK-MN curves in FIGS. 6 and 7.
V in the formula (1)MN-A1B1Measuring the potential difference across electrodes M and N when power is applied to power electrodes A1 and B1;
measuring the distance between the electrodes M and N; i isA1B1-MNSupplying power to the power supply electrodes A1 and B1, and measuring the value of power supply current passed by the power supply electrodes A1 and B1 when the potential difference is measured on the electrodes M and N; kMN-A2B2Device coefficients for supply electrodes A2 and B2, and measurement electrodes M and N; vMN-A2B2Measuring the potential difference across electrodes M and N when power is applied to power electrodes A2 and B2; i isA2B2-MNThe power supply electrodes A2 and B2 are supplied with power, and the power supply current value passed by the power supply electrodes A2 and B2 when the potential difference is measured across the electrodes M and N is measured. In formula (1)
IA1B1-MN、VMN-A1B1、KMN-A2B2、VMN-A2B2、IA2B2-MNThe positions of the measuring electrodes M and N are the same; therefore, the differential leakage judging parameters of all the measuring points are obtained, namely the results of the differential leakage judging parameters of how many measuring points exist, and the differential leakage judging parameters of different measuring points are identified and recognized by the numbers or coordinates of the measuring points. As shown by the LEAK-MN curves in FIGS. 6 and 7, there are a total of 22 pointsAnd 22 differential leakage-judging parameters.
k) Drawing differential leakage judging parameter graphs of the differential leakage judging parameters of all the measuring points according to the plane coordinates of the measuring points; in this embodiment, if only one measurement line is provided, a differential leakage judging parameter single curve graph (as shown by the LEAK-MN curve in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7) is drawn; the plane coordinates of the measuring points adopt relative coordinates, namely, the relative coordinate relationship among all the measuring points is ensured.
l) analyzing the differential leakage judging parameter graph in the step k) according to a leakage point judging rule, judging whether the pollutant landfill 3 leaks, and if so, acquiring the plane coordinate position of the leakage point. Because the embodiment has only one measuring line, the leakage point judging rule only selects the leakage point judging rule of the differential leakage judging parameter single curve graph to judge the leakage point:
analyzing whether the differential leakage-judging parameter single curve has a maximum value point and an minimum value point (as shown by an LEAK-MN curve in figure 6, an obvious maximum value point is shown at a measuring point 90, minimum value points are shown at measuring points 75 and 105; as shown by an LEAK-MN curve in figure 7, a minimum value point is shown at a measuring point 85), if the maximum value point exists and the minimum value point exists at the adjacent curve part (as shown by an LEAK-MN curve in figure 6, the maximum value point of the measuring point 90 and the adjacent measuring points 75 and 105 both show minimum value points), judging that the pollutant landfill 3 has leakage (so that the pollutant landfill in figure 6 has leakage), if the maximum value point has 2 adjacent minimum value points and the gradient of the differential leakage-judging parameter curve of the maximum value point and the 2 minimum value points is not equal (as shown by an LEAK-MN curve in figure 6, the gradient of the differential leakage-judging parameter curve between the maximum value point of the measuring point 90 and the adjacent measuring points 75 and 105 is not equal, and the curve gradient between the maximum value point and the minimum value point of No. 75 is large), the plane coordinate corresponding to the difference LEAK-judging parameter single curve gradient large inflection point between the maximum value point and the minimum value point of the adjacent curve part (the curve gradient of the maximum value point of No. 90 measuring point and the curve gradient of the minimum value point of No. 75 as shown in the LEAK-MN curve in FIG. 6 is large, and the inflection point is at No. 80 measuring point) is the horizontal projection position of the LEAK-judging point in the pollutant landfill site 3 (so the LEAK-judging point in FIG. 6 is located at the LEAK part 7 of the impermeable membrane 4 corresponding to the No. 80 measuring point);
if only a minimum value point or a non-polar value point appears on the differential leakage judging parameter single curve (as shown in the LEAK-MN curve in FIG. 7, only a minimum value point appears at the measuring point No. 85), it is determined that the pollutant landfill 3 has no leakage or no obvious leakage (so it is determined that the pollutant landfill 3 in FIG. 7 has no leakage).
From the comparison results of the two curves of V-MN-A1B1 and LEAK-MN in FIGS. 6 and 7, the curve of V-MN-A1B1 shows an obvious jump phenomenon, namely an extreme value phenomenon caused by non-leakage, on the curve of V-MN-A1B1 due to the influence of resistivity disturbance anomalies (the high-resistance anomaly 5 and the low-resistance anomaly 6 in FIGS. 6 and 7) in the pollutant landfill 3; however, the LEAK-MN curve basically eliminates the jump influence of the resistivity interference abnormal body (the high resistance abnormal body 5 and the low resistance abnormal body 6 in fig. 6 and 7), i.e. eliminates the false abnormality caused by non-leakage, thereby more accurately judging the abnormality caused by leakage.
The above description is only exemplary of the invention and should not be taken as limiting, since any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like, which are within the spirit and principle of the invention, are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A differential electrical prospecting method for detecting leakage of pollutants comprises the following specific steps:
a) arranging one or more electrical prospecting survey lines inside the pollutant landfill, wherein if the electrical prospecting survey lines are multiple, all the electrical prospecting survey lines do not intersect; and arranging measuring points for electrical prospecting;
b) arranging power supply electrodes A1 and B1 and a power supply system outside the pollutant landfill, supplying power, and recording current values passing through the power supply electrodes A1 and B1;
c) arranging measuring electrodes M and N and a measuring system on an electrical prospecting detection line in the pollutant landfill, and observing a potential difference V between the measuring electrodes M and NMN-A1B1The current values through the supply electrodes a1 and B1 were recorded simultaneously; the measuring electrodes M and N are on the same electrical prospecting detecting line when carrying out certain potential difference measurement, and the measuring electrodes M and N are on the same electrical prospecting detecting line when carrying out certain potential difference measurement in the subsequent stepsSurveying on a survey line;
d) changing the positions of the measuring electrodes M and N, and observing the potential difference between the measuring electrodes M and N again; the current values through the supply electrodes a1 and B1 were recorded simultaneously;
e) until the potential difference measurement on all the measuring points designed in the pollutant landfill is finished; no power is supplied to the power supply electrodes A1 and B1;
f) arranging power supply electrodes A2 and B2 and a power supply system in the pollutant landfill, supplying power, and recording current values passing through the power supply electrodes A2 and B2;
g) arranging measuring electrodes M and N and a measuring system inside a pollutant landfill, and observing a potential difference V between the measuring electrodes M and NMN-A2B2(ii) a The current values through the supply electrodes a2 and B2 were recorded simultaneously;
h) changing the positions of the measuring electrodes M and N, and observing the potential difference between the measuring electrodes M and N again; the current values through the supply electrodes a2 and B2 were recorded simultaneously;
i) until the potential difference measurement on all the measuring points designed in the pollutant landfill is finished; when the power supply electrodes A1 and B1 supply power, the positions of the measuring electrodes M and N at all measuring points are the same as those of the measuring electrodes M and N at all measuring points when the power supply electrodes A2 and B2 supply power; that is, the potential difference is measured twice at all the measurement points, the first time when the power feeding electrodes A1 and B1 are powered, and the second time when the power feeding electrodes A2 and B2 are powered;
j) according to the formula (1), the differential leakage judging parameter LEAK of all measuring points is obtainedMN，
V in the formula (1)MN-A1B1Measuring the potential difference across electrodes M and N when power is applied to power electrodes A1 and B1;
measuring the distance between the electrodes M and N; i isA1B1-MNFor supplying power to the power supply electrodes A1 and B1, the difference between the measured potentials at the measuring electrodes M and NCurrent values through the supply electrodes a1 and B1; kMN-A2B2Device coefficients for supply electrodes A2 and B2, and measurement electrodes M and N; vMN-A2B2Measuring the potential difference across electrodes M and N when power is applied to power electrodes A2 and B2; i isA2B2-MNFor supplying power to the power supply electrodes A2 and B2, the potential difference V is measured between the measuring electrodes M and NMN-A2B2Current values through the supply electrodes a2 and B2; in formula (1)
IA1B1-MN、VMN-A1B1、KMN-A2B2、VMN-A2B2、IA2B2-MNThe positions of the measuring electrodes M and N are the same;
k) drawing differential leakage judging parameter graphs of the differential leakage judging parameters of all the measuring points according to the plane coordinates of the measuring points; if only one electrical prospecting survey line exists, drawing a differential leakage judging parameter single curve graph; if a plurality of electrical prospecting survey lines exist, drawing a differential leakage judging parameter plane section diagram;
l) analyzing the differential leakage judging parameter graph in the step k) according to a leakage point judging rule, judging whether the pollutant landfill site has leakage or not, and if so, acquiring the plane coordinate position of the leakage point.
2. A method of differential electrical prospecting for contaminant leak detection as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the electrical prospecting survey line is a straight line arranged in the pollutant landfill.
3. A method of differential electrical prospecting for contaminant leak detection as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the distance between the power supply electrodes A1 and B1 is not less than 3 times the deepest depth of the landfill, and the power supply electrodes A1 and B1 are both located outside the pollutant landfill, namely the connection line of the power supply electrodes A1 and B1 passes through the pollutant landfill and the power supply electrodes A1 and B1 are not both inside the pollutant landfill.
4. A method of differential electrical prospecting for contaminant leak detection as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the distance between all measuring electrodes M and N is not less than 0.1M.
5. A method of differential electrical prospecting for contaminant leak detection as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: when the same power supply electrode supplies power, the centers of all the measuring electrodes M and N for carrying out potential difference measurement are not overlapped.
6. A method of differential electrical prospecting for contaminant leak detection as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: when the positions of the measuring electrodes M and N on the same electrical prospecting survey line are changed, the positions of the measuring electrodes M and N are changed according to the principle of changing towards the same direction.
7. A method of differential electrical prospecting for contaminant leak detection as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the distance between the power supply electrodes A2 and B2 is less than the distance between the power supply electrodes A1 and B1, the four power supply electrodes A1, A2, B2 and B1 are in a straight line, and the power supply electrodes A2 and B2 are positioned between the connecting lines of the power supply electrodes A1 and B1; both the supply electrodes a2 and B2 are arranged inside the contaminant landfill, i.e. the distance between the supply electrodes a2 and B2 is smaller than the length of the contaminant landfill on the line connecting the supply electrodes a1 and B1.
8. A method of differential electrical prospecting for contaminant leak detection as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: neither the supply electrodes a2 nor B2 are disposed at the positions of all the measurement electrodes M and N.
9. A method of differential electrical prospecting for contaminant leak detection as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: l) the rule for judging the leakage point in the step is divided into the following 2 cases:
i. the rule for judging the leakage point of the differential leakage judging parameter single curve graph is as follows:
if the difference leakage judging parameter single curve has a maximum value point, judging that the pollutant landfill has leakage; if the differential leakage judging parameter single curve only has a minimum value point or a non-polar value point, judging that the pollutant landfill has no leakage;
if the differential leakage judging parameter single curves only have maximum values and have no small values, if the gradients of the differential leakage judging parameter single curves on the two sides of the maximum values are equal, the plane coordinates corresponding to the maximum values are the horizontal projection positions of the leakage points in the pollutant landfill;
if the differential leakage judging parameter single curve only has a maximum value point but no small value point, if the gradients of the differential leakage judging parameter single curves in the two sides of the maximum value point are not equal, the plane coordinate corresponding to the inflection point on the side with the large gradient of the differential leakage judging parameter single curves in the two sides of the maximum value point is the horizontal projection position of the leakage point in the pollutant landfill;
if the maximum value point of the differential leakage judging parameter single curve has 1 adjacent minimum value point, the corresponding plane coordinate at the inflection point position between the maximum value point and the minimum value point is the horizontal projection position of the leakage point in the pollutant landfill;
if 2 adjacent minimum value points are arranged beside the maximum value point of the differential leakage judging parameter single curve and the gradient of the differential leakage judging parameter curve of the maximum value point and the 2 minimum value points is not equal, the plane coordinate corresponding to the turning point with the large gradient of the differential leakage judging parameter single curve between the maximum value point and the minimum value points at the adjacent part of the curve is the horizontal projection position of the leakage point in the pollutant landfill; if 2 adjacent minimum value points are arranged beside the maximum value point and the gradient of the differential leakage judging parameter curve of the maximum value point and the 2 minimum value points is equal, the plane coordinates corresponding to 2 inflection points of the differential leakage judging parameter single curve between the maximum value point and the minimum value points at the adjacent parts of the curve are the horizontal projection positions of the leakage points in the pollutant landfill, namely 2 leakage points exist;
and ii, the rule of judging the leakage points of the differential leakage judging parameter plane section diagram is as follows:
firstly, judging each differential leakage judging parameter single curve in the differential leakage judging parameter plane sectional diagram according to a leakage point judging rule of the differential leakage judging parameter single curve diagram, and determining whether leakage exists; if leakage exists, determining the horizontal projection position of a leakage point in the pollutant landfill;
secondly, if leakage exists and the horizontal projection position of the leakage point in the pollutant landfill site is determined, comprehensively judging the connectivity of the leakage point according to the principle that the distance of all the leakage points in different directions is the shortest;
the principle of the closest distance in different directions is as follows: if the connecting line of a certain leakage point and another leakage point which is closest to the certain direction passes through a measuring point without the leakage point or passes through other differential leakage judging parameter single curves, judging that the certain leakage point and the another leakage point belong to non-communicated leakage points; if the connecting line of a certain leakage point and another leakage point which is closest to the certain direction does not pass through a measuring point without the leakage point or another differential leakage judging parameter single curve, judging that the certain leakage point and the another leakage point belong to a communicated leakage point; if the communicated leakage points exist in the pollutant landfill, judging whether main leakage points exist or not by comparing the maximum value of the single curve of the differential leakage judging parameter at each leakage point in the communicated leakage points; dividing the leakage point with the maximum value into a main leakage point, and dividing other leakage points into sub-leakage points; if the maximum values are equal, the maximum values are divided into equal leakage points.
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