CN113093287B - Low-order fault breakpoint identification method - Google Patents
Low-order fault breakpoint identification method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-order fault breakpoint identification method, which belongs to the technical field of petroleum exploration and development and comprises the following steps: step 1, selecting a skeleton well in a work area range. And 2, establishing a Discovery earthquake work area. And 3, carrying out fine comparison of small layers by methods of marking layers, deposition cycle, equal thickness, ancient biology and the like on the basis of the profile of the skeleton well. And 4, identifying and verifying faults by using the oil reservoir development and production dynamic information. The invention accurately identifies the respective positions of the same breakpoint on different wells on the same platform by utilizing the fine comparison of dip angle logging information and stratums, carries out fault space combination according to the difference of the depths of the breakpoints between different wells on the same platform, determines the inclination and dip angle of a fault surface and provides a basis for the space combination of faults.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum exploration and development, and relates to a low-order fault breakpoint identification method.
Background
The eastern China oil field is mainly a complex fault block oil field, and fractures of different orders are extremely developed. The fracture is the root cause for controlling the generation, migration, aggregation, preservation and distribution of oil gas in the oil-gas-containing basin, the fractures of different levels have different control functions on the oil gas accumulation and distribution, the high-order fault controls the formation of the oil gas, and the low-order fault cannot control the structural trend and the fault occurrence of the oil field, but the fault causes the fault oil field to be complicated, so that the oil-water relationship becomes very complex, and the injection-production contradiction is increased. Therefore, the identification and research of the low-order fault have important practical significance for checking the oil-water relationship in the oil-containing fault block, solving the injection-production contradiction among wells and improving the crude oil recovery rate.
Low-order faults refer to small faults and micro-faults (such as fault distance less than 10m or extension length less than 100 m) derived from high-order faults and difficult to identify by using a conventional geophysical method, and have strong concealment. High order faults refer to faults that can be identified using conventional geophysical methods, such as first, second, third, fourth, and fifth order faults in an oil field. Six-level faults and seven-level faults derived from faults above five levels belong to the category of low-order faults. The high-order fault controls the structural trend of the oil-containing fault block and the occurrence and shape of the fault block, and the low-order fault further divides the oil-containing fault block and complicates the oil-water relationship of the oil-containing fault block.
The low-order fault is a branch (secondary and derivative) fracture generated by the activity of the high-order fault, the formation of the low-order fault is closely related to the activity of the high-order fault for controlling the low-order fault and a local stress field generated by the high-order fault, when the local stress fields reach the tensile strength and the shear strength of a rock, the continuity of a rock stratum is damaged, and the low-order fault is further generated; the low-order fault has small scale, weak activity and weak control function.
According to the characteristics of the stress field of the low-order fault, the low-order fault can be divided into 5 cause types of a tension normal fault, a tension slip fault, a compression reverse fault, a compression slip fault and a slip fault.
According to the actual situation of fracture research of structure No. I in Endong, the fault research before 2015 mainly researches a fourth-level fault according to the fault grading scheme. Thus, the present invention defines five and six faults as low order faults.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-order fault breakpoint identification method, which adopts a breakpoint micro-combination method on the same platform.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a low-order fault breakpoint identification method comprises the following steps:
And 2, establishing a Discovery earthquake work area.
And 3, carrying out fine comparison of the small layers by methods of marking layers, deposition cycle, equal thickness, ancient biology and the like on the basis of the profile of the skeleton well.
And 4, identifying and verifying faults by using the oil reservoir development and production dynamic information.
And further 1, selecting the skeleton well in the range of the work area. Firstly, selecting a skeleton well in a work area range, wherein attention should be paid to (1) selecting a new well in recent years; (2) The selected well position logging data, the analysis and test data, the logging data and the like are complete; (3) The selected skeleton well needs to drill through a target layer, and has enough well depth and more information under the condition of complete data, so that stratum comparison and breakpoint identification research can be better carried out; (4) For wells belonging to the same platform, the wells should be selected according to (1), (2) and (3), and wells appearing in 'isolation' due to factors such as early exploration and the like should all be set as skeleton wells. From imperfect well pattern in the initial stage of oil field construction to perfect well pattern in the middle and later stages of development, well positions of the same platform in the oil field are increased gradually, 5 wells exist for a Y31-8 platform, but in the initial stage of project execution, the well positions are displayed clearly on a seismic section, the project is pushed rapidly and efficiently, and the like, so that when a worker explains a main control fault and a closely-connected earthquake, the project can be pushed forward more efficiently while reducing the workload, therefore, in the initial stage of project, for the situation that a plurality of wells exist on the Y31-8 platform, a proper well position is selected as a skeleton well, and when the skeleton well is selected for the same platform, the well positions with complete drilling strata, complete logging information, complete testing information, complete production dynamic information and the like should be selected.
2. And establishing a seismic work area of the research area, making synthetic records and carrying out interpretation work of seismic horizons. And (3) taking the seismic survey line as a secondary first-level research unit, performing manual seismic interpretation on the main survey line, and identifying and controlling the main control fault of the research area. Taking a certain X value as a boundary (not only), establishing a skeleton section in the range of the X value of the vertical main survey line, taking the main survey line seismic section and the corresponding skeleton section as main parts on the basis, and breaking the same-phase axis of the reflected wave according to the response characteristic (1) of the fault; (2) the coaxial axis of the standard reflected wave is locally changed; (3) The equidirectional axes of the reflected waves are increased or decreased or disappear, and the wave group interval changes suddenly; (4) The shape of the reflection wave in the same phase axis changes suddenly, and the reflection is disordered or a blank band appears. And identifying the main control fault which can be visually identified in the research area, and carrying out fine identification on the corresponding position of the skeleton section. And identifying the break points on the skeleton section at the corresponding positions on the seismic section, and recording the positions and the distance information of the break points. And (3) from the stage result and the research result of the predecessor, the information of the cause, the property, the fault distance, the section and the like of the main control fault is determined. On the basis of selecting the complete skeleton section in the whole area, the seismic interpretation section and the well connecting section corresponding to the seismic interpretation section are established.
3. Fault identification by logging curve
On the basis of fine comparison of small layers, based on the properties of a positive fault and a reverse fault, judging whether thickness reduction and marker layer loss caused by stratum loss due to the positive fault exist or not, thickness increase caused by stratum repetition due to the reverse fault and marker layer repetition (similar to a cycle characteristic and a superposition pattern) exist or not through fine multi-well stratum comparison. The latter missing interval pair low-order fine recognition is repeated through small-order fine comparison recognition.
In the identification of the main control fault, obvious stratum repeated sections can be found by utilizing a logging curve to carry out stratum comparison, so that the existence of a reverse fault is judged. However, in the low-order fault recognition, since the fault distance is small, repetition of the contrast marker layer hardly occurs. In the low-order fault identification, the thickness of the stratum between 2 marker layers is obviously larger than that of an adjacent well in most cases, so that the breakpoint in the stratum is determined. And then determining the accurate position of the breakpoint under the fine constraints of curve electrical characteristics, deposition cycle characteristics and the like.
Taking the YS8-1 well as an example, all the stability mark layer K35 and the local stability mark layer K33 exist in the K33-K35 section of stratum as a comparison basis, and no obvious mark layer repetition phenomenon appears in the comparison, but the thickness of the K33-K35 section of stratum of the YS8-1 well is obviously larger than that of an adjacent well, so that the smaller stratum repetition caused by a small fault is determined. The stratum thickness of the K33-K35 section of the YS8-1 well is 100m, the stratum thickness of the YS13-1 well and the YS12-1 well of the adjacent well is 85m and 84m, and the stratum thickness of other surrounding faultless wells is basically consistent.
The normal fault can cause the stratum near the breakpoint on the logging to be lost, under the condition of a large fault, the stratum of a large section can be lost, obvious mark layer loss or loss of a plurality of mark layers can be caused on the comparison of logging curves, and the breakpoint can be easily identified.
In the low-order fault identification, because the fault distance of the low-order fault is small, only the loss of individual contrast marker layers or the shortening of strata between 2 marker layers can occur. The existence of the positive breakpoint in the stratum section can be determined by only comparing the adjacent wells in the periphery and if the individual comparison marker layers are missing or the stratum between the marker layers is shortened. And then determining the accurate position of the breakpoint under the fine constraints of curve electrical characteristics, deposition cycle characteristics and the like.
Taking the Y3-1 well and the YS11-1 well of the same platform as an example, the BK36-6 marking layer is just missing from the K36-K37 stratum in the Y3-1 well, the BK36-6 marking layer is stably developed in an adjacent well, and compared with the YS11-1 well of the same platform, the Y3-1 well stratum is missing by 12m. The YS11-1 well lacks 12m less thickness than the Y3-1 well of the same platform in the part of the stratum between the K35 and the K36 compared with the adjacent wells around.
By utilizing dip logging, the true dip and the inclination of the stratum can be accurately obtained by manually picking up the stratum dip data, and the accuracy in the aspect of judging the fault position is higher. When a larger fault exists between two sections of stratums, the respective stratum inclination angles of the two sections of stratums generally have obvious difference, so that the fault existence and the approximate position of the breakpoint can be identified from the change of the integral stratum inclination angle, and the position of the breakpoint can be accurately judged through a stratum inclination angle result manually picked up.
4. Oil-water relation identification and verification fault
The method is verified from the aspects of injection-production relation and oil-water relation, and supposing that A, B, C three wells exist, wherein A is a water injection well, the remaining two wells B and C are oil production wells, the two wells are located on the same sand body, no fault exists between the well A and the well B, and a fault F1 is explained between the well A and the well C through earthquake and well logging. Through the production dynamic analysis of the 3 wells, after the well A starts to inject water at a certain time point, the monthly produced water and the water content of the well B continuously increase, and the monthly produced oil slowly decreases; however, the production dynamic data of the well C shows that the monthly water production and the monthly oil production are basically unchanged, and the water content is not obviously increased. The different production dynamic characteristics of the B well and the C well reflect that the injection and production of the A well and the B well are effective, but the injection and production of the A well and the C well are not effective, which indicates that the fault F1 is accurately identified. From the oil-water relationship, because the fault is not formed between the A and the B, the potential connectivity is provided, the inversion phenomenon generally does not occur in the oil-water relationship, and because the F1 fault is formed between the A and the C, the inversion phenomenon mutually occurs between the A and the C.
A cross-sectional comparison of Entries 8-1 and 13-1 shows that Entries 8-1 has a formation N 2 2 X, XI, XII sand group logs of (1) are interpreted as oil and gas, but for formation N of British 13-1 2 2 The X, XI, XII sand interval groups of (A) are interpreted as water, while the English 8-1 formation N is interpreted as 2 1 The sand group I log of (1) was interpreted as oil, but in tests 13-1 formation N 2 1 The well logging interpretation of the sand layer group I is interpreted as water, and as shown in the figure, the two wells of British test 8-1 and British test 13-1 have obvious contradiction of oil-water relationship, so that the obvious contradiction of oil-water relationship can be caused only when a closed fault 10 exists between the two wells.
British 9-1 formation N 2 1 The sand group I, II, III logs of (1) are interpreted as water, but in the case of the test 7-1 formation N 2 1 The logging interpretation of the sand layer groups I, II and III is interpreted as oil or gas, the two wells have obvious contradiction of oil-water relationship, and therefore a fault 14 exists between the two wells, so that oil and water exist in the two wellsThe relationship is contradictory.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention accurately identifies the respective positions of the same breakpoint on different wells on the same platform by utilizing the fine comparison of dip logging information and stratums, carries out the spatial combination of faults according to the difference of the depths of the breakpoints between the different wells on the same platform, determines the inclination and the dip of the fault plane and provides a basis for the spatial combination of the faults.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a Y31-8 platform well pattern;
FIG. 2 is Indong No. I tectonic seismic interpretation section (inline 142);
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of perhyd 117-Y5-4-A6-YS 8-1-YS 10-1-Y5-5-B6-YD-106;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a formation repeat identification fault;
FIG. 5 a fault identification breakpoint;
FIG. 6 stratigraphically identifies faults;
FIG. 7. Total variation of the dip of the formation identifies the major fault (British 1-1 well);
FIG. 8 is a graph showing a comparison of oil-water relationship between English trial 8-1 and English trial 13-1;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing a comparison of oil-water relationship between English trial 9-1 and English trial 7-1;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a 7-3 platform configuration and a position of a subterranean well site, where A is the cross-sectional position and B is the position of the subterranean well site;
FIG. 11 shows the breakpoint recognition results of the same platform as the English 7-3 platform (leveled according to the BK36-6 layer);
FIG. 12 is a study result of "same platform breakpoint micro-combination" on platform 7-3;
FIG. 13 shows the results of breakpoint recognition (shown in altitude depth) for platforms 5-3;
FIG. 14 is a result of combining breakpoint of English 5-3 platform and platform;
FIG. 15 shows the breakpoint recognition results (level-up display) of the same platform as the platform in English 5-1;
FIG. 16 shows a result of a breakpoint micro-combination of the English 5-1 platform and the platform;
FIG. 17 shows the combined results of well-connecting profile breakpoints of the English 5-1 platform and the English 5-3 platform;
FIG. 18 is a schematic view of a multi-method fault-level combination result;
FIG. 19A sectional combination pattern of a block B fault in an Endong oilfield sand 40 well;
FIG. 20 is a sectional view of a typical fault combination for a sand 40 well B block (3 rows of structural section);
FIG. 21 is a sectional view of a sand 40 well block B, showing a 1-row well structure;
FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of a 1-row well structure with a B-block of sand 40 well region;
FIG. 23 is a sectional view of a 2-row well structure with a well zone B broken block of sand 40;
FIG. 24 is a sectional view of a sand 40 well zone B block 4 row well configuration;
FIG. 25 comparison of new and old fault composition results (2016);
FIG. 26 is a sectional view of a well 5 configuration with sand 40;
FIG. 27 is a sectional view of a sand 40 well zone 5 drainage structure.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
1. And selecting the skeleton well in the work area range. Firstly, selecting skeleton wells in a work area range, wherein attention should be paid to (1) selecting new wells in recent years; (2) The selected well position logging data, the analysis and test data, the logging data and the like are complete; (3) The selected skeleton well needs to drill through a target layer, and has enough well depth and more information under the condition of complete data, so that stratum comparison and breakpoint identification research can be better carried out; (4) For wells belonging to the same platform, the wells should be selected according to (1), (2) and (3), and wells appearing in 'isolation' due to factors such as early exploration and the like should all be set as skeleton wells. From the imperfection of well patterns in the initial stage of oil field construction to the gradual perfection of well patterns in the middle and later stages of development, well positions of the same platform in the oil field are gradually increased, 5 wells exist in the Y31-8 platform (figure 1), but in the initial stage of project development, the well positions are displayed clearly on a seismic section, the project is quickly and efficiently boosted, and other reasons, so that when a worker explains a main control fault and a closely-connected earthquake, the project can be boosted more efficiently while reducing the workload, therefore, in the initial stage of project, for the Y31-8 platform with a plurality of wells, a proper well position is selected as a skeleton well, and when the skeleton well is selected for the same platform, the well positions with complete drilling strata, well logging information, laboratory information, production dynamic information and the like are selected to do the well.
2. And establishing a seismic work area of the research area, making synthetic records and carrying out interpretation work of seismic horizons. And (3) taking the seismic survey line as a secondary first-level research unit, performing manual seismic interpretation on the main survey line, and identifying and controlling the main control fault of the research area. Taking a certain X value as a boundary (not only), establishing a skeleton section in the range of the X value of the vertical main survey line, taking the main survey line seismic section and the corresponding skeleton section as main parts on the basis, and breaking the same-phase axis of the reflected wave according to the response characteristic (1) of the fault; (2) the coaxial axis of the standard reflected wave is locally changed; (3) The equidirectional axes of the reflected waves are increased or decreased or disappear, and the wave group interval changes suddenly; (4) The shape of the reflection wave in the same phase axis changes suddenly, and the reflection is disordered or a blank band appears. And identifying the main control fault which can be visually identified in the research area, and finely identifying the corresponding position of the skeleton section (figure 2). And identifying the break points on the skeleton section at the corresponding positions on the seismic section, and recording the positions and the distance information of the break points. And (3) from the stage result and the research result of the predecessor, the information of the cause, the property, the fault distance, the section and the like of the main control fault is determined. On the basis of the whole-area selection of the skeleton section, a seismic interpretation section and a well connecting section corresponding to the seismic interpretation section are established (figure 3).
3. Fault identification by logging curve
On the basis of fine comparison of small layers, based on the properties of a positive fault and a reverse fault, judging whether thickness reduction and marker layer loss caused by stratum loss due to the positive fault exist or not, thickness increase caused by stratum repetition due to the reverse fault and marker layer repetition (similar to a cycle characteristic and a superposition pattern) exist or not through fine multi-well stratum comparison. The latter missing interval pair low-order fine recognition is repeated through small-order fine comparison recognition.
In the identification of the main control fault, obvious stratum repeated sections can be found by utilizing a logging curve to carry out stratum comparison, so that the existence of a reverse fault is judged. However, in the low-order fault recognition, since the fault distance is small, repetition of the contrast marker layer hardly occurs. In the low-order fault identification, the thickness of the stratum between 2 marker layers is obviously larger than that of an adjacent well in most cases, so that the breakpoint in the section of the stratum is determined. And then determining the accurate position of the breakpoint under the fine constraints of curve electrical characteristics, deposition cycle characteristics and the like.
Taking the YS8-1 well as an example (figure 4), all the stability mark layer K35 and the local stability mark layer K33 exist in the K33-K35 section of stratum as a comparison basis, and no obvious mark layer repetition phenomenon appears in the comparison, but the thickness of the K33-K35 section of stratum of the YS8-1 well is obviously larger than that of an adjacent well, so that the smaller stratum repetition caused by a small fault is determined. The stratum thickness of the K33-K35 section of the YS8-1 well is 100m, the stratum thicknesses of the YS13-1 well and the YS12-1 well of the adjacent well are 85m and 84m, and the stratum thicknesses of other surrounding faultless wells are basically consistent.
The normal fault can cause the stratum near the breakpoint on the logging to be lost, under the condition of a large fault, the stratum of a large section can be lost, obvious mark layer loss or loss of a plurality of mark layers can be caused on the comparison of logging curves, and the breakpoint can be easily identified.
In the low-order fault identification, because the fault distance of the low-order fault is small, only the loss of individual contrast marker layers or the shortening of strata between 2 marker layers can occur. The existence of the positive breaking point in the stratum can be determined by only comparing multiple wells of surrounding adjacent wells, and determining that the individual comparison marker layers are missing or the stratum between the marker layers is shortened. And then determining the accurate position of the breakpoint under the fine constraints of curve electrical characteristics, deposition cycle characteristics and the like.
Taking the Y3-1 well and the YS11-1 well of the same platform as an example (figure 5), the BK36-6 marker layer is just lost in the K36-K37 stratum of the Y3-1 well, the BK36-6 marker layer is stably developed in an adjacent well, and compared with the YS11-1 well of the same platform, the Y3-1 well stratum is lost by 12m. The YS11-1 well lacks 12m less thickness than the Y3-1 well of the same platform in the part of the stratum between the K35 and the K36 compared with the adjacent wells around.
By using dip logging (fig. 6), the true dip and the inclination of the stratum can be accurately obtained by manually picking up the stratum dip data, and the accuracy in the aspect of judging the fault position is higher. When a larger fault exists between two sections of stratums, the respective stratum dip angles of the two sections of stratums generally have obvious difference, so that the fault existence and the approximate position of the breakpoint can be identified from the change of the integral stratum dip angle, and the position of the breakpoint can be accurately judged through a stratum dip angle result manually picked up (figure 7).
4. Oil-water relation identification and verification fault
The method is verified from the aspects of injection-production relation and oil-water relation, and supposing that A, B, C three wells exist, wherein A is a water injection well, the remaining two wells B and C are oil production wells, the two wells are located on the same sand body, no fault exists between the well A and the well B, and a fault F1 is explained between the well A and the well C through earthquake and well logging. Through the production dynamic analysis of the 3 wells, after the well A starts to inject water at a certain time point, the monthly produced water and the water content of the well B continuously increase, and the monthly produced oil slowly decreases; however, the production dynamic data of the well C shows that the monthly water production and the monthly oil production are basically unchanged, and the water content is not obviously increased. The different production dynamic characteristics of the B well and the C well reflect that the injection and production of the A well and the B well are effective, but the injection and production of the A well and the C well are not effective, which indicates that the fault F1 is accurately identified. From the oil-water relationship, because the fault is not formed between the A and the B, the potential connectivity is provided, the inversion phenomenon generally does not occur in the oil-water relationship, and because the F1 fault is formed between the A and the C, the inversion phenomenon mutually occurs between the A and the C.
British run 8-1 and British run 13-1 well tie profiles are shown in a cross-sectional comparison (FIG. 8), british run 8-1, for formation N 2 2 The X, XI, XII sand interval logs of (1) are interpreted as oil and gas, but for the formation N of test 13-1 2 2 The X, XI, XII sand interval groups of (A) are interpreted as water, while the English 8-1 formation N is interpreted as 2 1 The sand group I log of (1) was interpreted as oil, but in tests 13-1 formation N 2 1 The well logging interpretation of the sand layer group I is interpreted as water, and as shown in the figure, the two wells of British test 8-1 and British test 13-1 have obvious contradiction of oil-water relationship, so that the obvious contradiction of oil-water relationship can be caused only when a closed fault 10 exists between the two wells.
British 9-1 formation N 2 1 Group testing of sand layers I, II, IIIThe well was interpreted as water, but British 7-1 formation N 2 1 The interpretation of the sand layer group I, II and III is interpreted as oil or gas, and the two wells have obvious contradiction of oil-water relationship, so that a fault 14 exists between the two wells, and the oil-water relationship is contradictory (figure 9).
By applying the method, the fault block B of the sand 40 well region is in a northeast trend in a reverse fault, a southwest trend in a normal fault and a section dip angle of about 70 degrees. Through the fault space combination and the fine structure research of the method, the fault development characteristics and the structure recognition of the B3 layer system of the fault block B of the sand 40 well zone are realized.
1. Reverse fault micro-combinatorial examples
On the British 7-3 platform, the wells drilled in the K4 standard layer of the breaking block B are British 7-3 wells and British 7-3-B6 wells, the underground positions of the K4 standard layers of the two wells are 34m apart, and the plane positions of well points are in the directions of south, west, north and east and are basically parallel to the direction of the construction section (figure 10).
Through breakpoint identification, the breakpoint measurement depth of the No. 33 fault of the British 7-3-B6 well is 1678m, the altitude elevation is 1490m, the breakpoint measurement depth of the No. 33 fault of the British 7-3 well is 1769m, and the altitude elevation is 1400m. The elevation difference of the breakpoint positions of the two wells is 90m (fig. 11).
Through the structural section analysis of the 'same-platform breakpoint micro-combination' method, the inclination of the No. 33 fault section on the English 7-3 platform is in the north-east direction, the inclination angle is about 70 degrees, the combination method adopts adjacent wells, the reliability and the uniqueness of the breakpoint position and the combination scheme are strong, and the uncertainty of fault space combination under the condition that only 1 breakpoint is on the structural section of the skeleton well is solved (figure 12).
2. Positive fault micro-combination example
The knowledge of the positive fault is an important new knowledge in the research, and the positive 2 fault is a typical positive fault in the B fault block of the sand 40 well zone. Therefore, we performed a micro-combinatorial study on a well-connected profile with a positive 2 fault on a 5-row well profile.
On the British 5-3 platform, the wells drilled below the K3 standard layer of the broken block B comprise British test 9-1 well, british 5-3-B6 well and British 5-3-B5 well, the underground positions of the K3 standard layer of the three wells are 3.8m and 6.9m respectively, and the plane position of the well point is in the south-west-north-east direction and is basically parallel to the structural section direction.
Two stratum contrast mark layers with obvious electrical characteristics and good distribution stability exist near the K3 standard layer: a K212-9 tag layer and a K3-5 tag layer. The existence or the lack of the two mark layers is taken as a key basis for breakpoint identification, so that the accuracy and the reliability of breakpoint identification of the 2-segment layer on the English 5-3 platform are ensured.
Through breakpoint identification research, obvious positive fault breakpoints are identified in all three wells on the English 5-3 platform. The breakpoint depth 1289.1m and the altitude 1872.8m of the positive 2 fault on the British test 9-1 well are respectively equal to the section of the K3-5 marker layer, the fault distance is 18m, and the fracture zone is not obvious. The breakpoint depth 1275.2m and the altitude 1885.3m of the positive 2 fault of English 5-3-B6 are respectively equal to the breakpoint depth of the well, the breakpoint of the well is just not broken through the K212-9 mark layer and the K3-5 mark layer, the broken stratum layer is located between the K212-9 mark layer and the K3-5 mark layer, and the fault distance is 18m. The breakpoint depth 1246.2m and the altitude 1914.3m of the positive 2 fault of English 5-3-B5 are that the well breakpoint is just short of the section of the K212-9 marker layer, and the short-cut stratum layer section is located inside the section K212 (figure 13).
Through the structural section analysis of the 'same-platform breakpoint micro-combination' method, the section inclination of the positive 2 fault on the English 5-3 platform is in the south-west direction, and the inclination angle is about 70 degrees, so that the section inclination and the inclination angle of the positive 2 fault can be determined (fig. 14).
On the British 5-1 platform, the wells drilled below the K4 standard layer of the broken block B are British test 10-1 wells and British 5-1 wells, the underground positions of the K4 standard layers of the two wells have a distance of 18.1m, and the plane positions of well points are in the directions of south, west, north and east and are basically parallel to the direction of the structural section.
Through breakpoint identification research, obvious positive fault breakpoints are identified in British test 10-1 wells and British test 5-1 wells. The breakpoint depth of the positive 2 fault on the British test 10-1 well is 1689m, the altitude is 1443.7m, the layer section of the fractured stratum is just the section of the K4 mark layer, the fracture distance is 15m, the length of the fracture zone is 10m, and the dip angle of the fracture zone is 20-40 degrees. The depth of a breakpoint of a positive 2 fault of an English 5-1 well is 1670m, the elevation is 1466.5m, the breakpoint of the well is not broken and is provided with a K4 mark layer, a broken stratum layer is positioned in K37, the breaking distance is 16m, the length of a broken zone of a fracture is 6m, and the dip angle of the broken zone is 20-30 degrees (figure 15).
Through the structural section analysis of the 'same-platform breakpoint micro-combination' method, the section inclination of the positive 2 fault on the English 5-1 platform is in the south-west direction, and the inclination angle is 60-70 degrees, so that the section inclination and the inclination angle of the positive 2 fault can be determined (fig. 16).
After the dip angle and the inclination of the fault are determined by the method of 'same-platform breakpoint micro-combination', when the 'section breakpoint fine combination' method is used for section breakpoint combination, the space combination can be performed on the breakpoints of the English 5-1 platform and the English 5-3 platform according to parameters of the south-west inclination and the dip angle of 70 degrees, the two breakpoints can be found to be just combined on one fault, and the dip angle and the inclination of the combined fault surface are very consistent with the dip angle and the inclination of the fault surface determined by the method of 'same-platform breakpoint micro-combination' (fig. 17).
When the same fault on the construction section has only one breakpoint, the multi-solution of fault combination exists. According to the practical situation of the Endong oil field, the problem is solved by adopting a same-platform breakpoint micro-combination method, so that the basis of the section inclination and the inclination angle during the combination of fault spaces is more accurate, and the multi-solution is reduced. The fine structure research of the method plays an important role in the fine structure research of the Endong oil field, and the structure of the B3 layer system of the B fault block of the sand 40 well zone is realized.
3 multi-method multi-round sub-optimal combination
Under the guidance of fault modes, the breakpoint recognition accuracy is continuously improved, the fault combination scheme is continuously optimized, dynamic recognition is combined, multiple schemes and multiple rounds of sub-optimal combination are combined, and the construction achievement is determined.
Taking the B-fault block as an example, in the 11-row structural section of the sand 40 well, the 2014-year layered data only has one small breakpoint but is not combined into a fault, so the B-fault block of the sand 40 well is a complete nose-breaking structure. In the reservoir description result of 2015, the breakpoint is applied to perform fault combination, and only one fault is combined below the B5 layer.
In the research result, 2 small faults are newly identified through a breakpoint fine identification technology, and 4 low-order faults are combined in the structural section of the sand 40 well zone B fault block 11 row through multi-method and multi-turn fault optimization combination research such as section breakpoint fine combination, section horizon dip angle analysis, plane well point inclination analysis, fine injection and production dynamic analysis and the like (figure 18).
4-fault combined mode
Through the fault space combination of multiple methods, the fault layer combination mode of the fault block B of the sand 40 well area is determined to be a net-shaped mode of early reverse and late positive, the early stage is influenced by a high-order fault, a plurality of five-order reverse faults of 15-50m are formed, after stress conversion at the later stage, a plurality of positive faults of 15-30m are developed, the original reverse faults are cut, and the current net-shaped fault mode is formed (figure 19).
5 fault-bed composition results
In the low-order fault layer combination research, 9 five-level faults are combined in the fault blocks B of the sand 40 well zone, wherein 5 reverse faults and 4 normal faults are combined, and the fine structure diagrams of the upper, middle and lower layers of the B3 layer are implemented.
On the most typical structural section of the whole area (3 rows of well structural sections), 5 five-level reverse faults and 4 five-level normal faults inside the B fault block develop, and a respective six-level fault develops. On a 3-row well structure sectional diagram, the occurrence of 5 five-level reverse faults is basically consistent, the section inclines to the north east direction, the inclination angle is about 70 degrees, the occurrence of 4 five-level normal faults is basically consistent, the section inclines to the south west direction, and the inclination angle is about 70 degrees (fig. 20).
On the sectional view of the 1-row well structure, there were No. 31, no. 33, no. 37 and No. 39 fault planes in the developed five-level reverse fault planes of the fault block B of the sand 40 well region, and there were positive 1, positive 3 and positive 4 fault planes in the developed five-level normal fault plane, and 1 positive fault plane in the six-level normal fault plane was also developed (fig. 21).
On the sectional view of the 5-row well structure, there are No. 31, no. 33, no. 37 and No. 39 fault planes in the five-level reverse fault developed in the fault block B of the sand 40 well zone, and there are positive 2, positive 3 and positive 4 fault planes in the five-level normal fault developed, and there are 3 reverse fault planes 17 in the six-level reverse fault developed in the fault block B of No. 38.
The cross-sectional features are constructed from east to west in several column directions as follows:
on the cross-sectional view of the 1-row well structure, there were No. 33 and No. 35 faults in the five-level reverse fault developed in the block B of the sand 40 well region, and there were 1 positive fault and 2 positive faults in the five-level normal fault developed, and also 1 positive fault in the six-level normal fault developed (fig. 22).
On the sectional view of the 2-row well structure, there were 35 and 37 faults in the five-level reverse fault developed in the block B of the sand 40 well region, 3 positive faults in the five-level normal fault developed, and 3 six reverse faults developed (fig. 23).
From the sectional view of the 4-row well structure, the sand 40 well zone B fault block has only the number 39 fault in the developed five-level reverse fault, the developed five-level normal fault has the positive 4 fault, and 2 six reverse faults are developed (fig. 24).
6 fault naming scheme
At present, the low-order fault naming adopts a fault block and well region naming mode, and fault numbers in the same well region from east to west are from small to large. At present, the fault number mainly uses a single number, and some fault numbers are reserved for further fine research.
The fault number of the C fault block is 20-29, wherein the sand 40 well region uses a single number, currently there are three faults (21, 23, 25), the Endong 118 well region uses a double number, and currently there are four faults (20, 22, 24, 26).
The fault number of the B fault block is 30-59. Wherein, the sand 40 well area uses No. 30-No. 39, all the 5 faults which are implemented at present use single numbers, namely No. 31, no. 33, no. 35, no. 37 and No. 39, and double numbers are reserved for new faults discovered in later fine research. The sand 37 well zone uses No. 40-49, and the 2 fault zones which are implemented at present are No. 41 and No. 43. Endong 118 well regions were numbered 50-59, and the 5 faults currently found used 50, 51, 53, 55, 57.
The fault number of the A fault block is No. 60-No. 79, and currently, only 3 faults which are implemented in the sand 40 well zone are named by single numbers, namely No. 61, no. 63 and No. 65 faults. Sand 37 wells are planned for use with 70-79 and no faults have yet been implemented.
In this fine structure study of the B3 layer, 5 five-level reverse faults were combined in the sand 40 well zone B fault block, and the original fault numbers, i.e., 31, 33, 35, 37, and 39 were used continuously. The 4 five-level positive faults of the new combination are named as positive 1 fault, positive 2 fault, positive 3 fault and positive 4 fault from east to west respectively (table 1).
The six-level fault is not named uniformly because of small fault distance and short extension distance on the vertical and plane. In practical application, each of the layers may be named separately on the architecture diagram.
TABLE 1 Sand 40 well B fault block low-order fault element table
7 quinary inverse fault signature
Fault No. 31: the five-level reverse fault of the B fault block development of the sand 40 well region has a fault distance of 20-50 meters, is mainly developed below K32-K4, is positioned on the most east side of the B fault block sand 40 well region on a plane, is positioned between 5 rows of wells and 3 rows of wells on a K4 structural diagram, is in a northwest trend on the plane, has a section inclined to the northeast, has an extension length of 1.4km, and is crossed with No. 12 faults and No. 14 faults respectively in the south and north.
Fault No. 33: the five-level reverse fault of the B fault block development of the sand 40 well region has a fault distance of 15-40 meters, mainly develops below K26-K4, is positioned in the east part of the B fault block sand 40 well region on a plane, is positioned between 1 row of wells and 3 rows of wells on a K3 structural diagram, is in a northwest trend on the plane, has a section inclined to the northeast, has an extension length of 1.4km, and is crossed with No. 12 faults and No. 14 faults respectively in the south and north.
Fault No. 37: and the sand 40 well area B is a five-level reverse fault for the development of a fault block, and the fault distance is 10-30m. The plane is located in the middle and the west part of the sand 40 well region and has a north-west trend, the section inclines to the north-east direction, and the inclination angle of the section is about 70 degrees. The fault in the south part develops between K26 and K4 longitudinally, and the fault in the north part does not develop in the upper stratum and mainly develops between K32 and K4. Most of the sand 40 well zone 2 rows are drilled at the fracture point of No. 37 fault with the fault distance of 10-30m. Typical breakpoints: the breakpoint depth of No. 37 fault of British 7-2-A6 well is 1492m, the fault distance is 26m, and the layers K34-K35 are repeated. The broken zone is disordered in inclination angle, the stratum inclination angle is 40-60 degrees, and the length is 53m. The breakpoint depth of No. 37 fault of British test 8-1 well is 1445m, the fault distance is 16m, and the repeated layer is K33-K34. The dip angle of the fractured zone formation is 40-50 degrees, the well section is 1434m-1458m, and the length is 24m.
Fault number 39: the five-level reverse fault of the B fault block development of the sand 40 well area is 20-50 meters in fault distance and mainly develops between K26 and K32, the sand 40 well area on the plane is located on the west side of the B fault block, the K29 structural diagram is located between 6 rows of wells and 4 rows of wells, the north and the west trend of the plane is formed, the section inclines to the north and the east, the extending length is 1.4km, and the south and the north are respectively crossed with No. 12 fault and No. 14 fault.
8-quinary positive fault feature
Positive 1 fault: the five-level normal fault of the B fault block development of the sand 40 well region has a fault distance of 15-40 meters, develops below K32-K4, is in the northwest trend on a plane, is positioned at the east part of the B fault block sand 40 well region, is positioned between 5 rows of wells and 3 rows of wells on a K35 structural diagram, has a section inclined to the southwest and has an extension length of 1.2km. Typical breakpoints are British 1-3 well 1596m and British 14-1 well 1736m, etc.
Positive 2 fault: the five-level normal fault of the B fault block development of the sand 40 well region has a fault distance of 15-30 meters, develops below K3-K4, is in the northwest trend on a plane, is positioned in the east part of the B fault block sand 40 well region, is positioned between 1 row of wells and 3 rows of wells on a K35 structural diagram, has a section inclined to the southwest and has an extension length of 1.2km. Typical breakpoints are British run 10-1 well 1690m and British run 9-1 well 1289m, etc.
Positive 3 fault: the five-level normal fault of the B fault block development of the sand 40 well region is characterized in that the fault distance is 15-30 meters, the fault distance is between K29 and K35, the five-level normal fault is in the North-West trend on the plane and is positioned in the middle and west part of the B fault block sand 40 well region, the B3 layer is positioned between 2 rows of wells and 1 row of wells on the structural diagram, the fault plane inclines to the south-West direction, and the extension length is 1.0km. Typical breakpoints are British run 8-1 well 1202m and British run 12-1 well 1303m, etc.
Positive 4 fault: the five-level normal fault of the B fault block development of the sand 40 well region is 15-25 m in fault distance and develops below K26-K3, the five-level normal fault is in the northwest trend on a plane and is positioned at the west part of the B fault block sand 40 well region, the K211 structural diagram is positioned between 4 rows of wells and 6 rows of wells, the fault plane inclines to the south west, and the extension length is 1.0km. Typical breakpoints are British 3-4-A6 well 874m and British 1-4-A6 well 869m, etc.
9. Comparison of results of fault combinations
Compared with the results of the overall structure research in the year 2016 and the development scheme in the year 2014, the number of the second-fourth-level main faults is kept consistent, but the number of the fifth-level faults is obviously increased, and 22 fifth-level faults are combined (fig. 25).
Wherein, the C fault block is originally 3 five-level faults in 2014, and is all reverse faults, and this time the combination removes all reverse faults, and the combination normal faults are 7, distribute respectively in sand 40 well region and Endong 118 well region. The A broken block and the B broken block have 3 original reverse faults in 2014, the original 3 faults are removed in the combination, and 15 reverse faults are recombined. The quantity of the combined fault of the fault block A and the fault block B reaches 5 times of the result in 2014, and the structural recognition inside the fault block is obviously changed.
In the fine structure research of the fault block B of the sand 40 well zone, 9 five-level faults are combined in the fault block B of the sand 40 well zone through low-order fault layer combination research, wherein 5 reverse faults and 4 normal faults are combined.
Taking a sand 40 well zone as an example, the difference in the fault-bed combination results can be clearly seen from the comparison of the results of this time with the results of 2015 in the profile of the 5-row well structure (fig. 26 and 27).
The sand 40 well C fault block 2014 shared 2 small reverse faults (No. 10, no. 14), which 2 did not cross the break in the well because the corresponding break was not identified. In the 2016 structural research, 30 breakpoints of the five-level normal fault are identified in the C broken block of the sand 40 well zone, 3 (No. 21, no. 23 and No. 25) normal faults of the five level are combined, and 2 reverse faults recognized in 2014 are removed.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any simple modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions that can be obviously obtained by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A low-order fault breakpoint identification method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, selecting a skeleton well in a work area range; when selecting the skeleton well, attention should be paid to (1) selecting a new well in recent years, (2) selecting well position logging information, analysis and test information and logging information which are complete, (3) drilling a target layer by the selected skeleton well to carry out stratum comparison and breakpoint identification research, and (4) selecting wells belonging to the same platform according to (1), (2) and (3) and setting all wells which are isolated due to early exploration factors as skeleton wells;
step 2, establishing a Discovery earthquake work area; establishing a seismic work area of a research area, making synthetic records and performing interpretation work of seismic horizons; performing manual earthquake explanation on the main survey line by taking the earthquake survey line as a secondary first-stage research unit, and identifying and controlling a main control fault of a research area; taking a certain X value as a boundary which is not unique, establishing a skeleton section in the range of the X value of the vertical main survey line, taking the main survey line seismic section and the corresponding skeleton section as main parts on the basis, and breaking the same phase axis of the reflected wave according to the response characteristic (1) of the fault; (2) the coaxial axis of the standard reflected wave is locally changed; (3) The equidirectional axes of the reflected waves are increased or decreased or disappear, and the wave group intervals change suddenly; (4) The shape of the reflection wave homophase axis is suddenly changed, and the reflection is disordered or a blank band appears; identifying a main control fault which can be visually identified in a research area, and finely identifying the corresponding position of a skeleton section; identifying a breakpoint on a skeleton section at a corresponding position on the seismic section, and recording the position and the distance information of the breakpoint; from the stage result and the research result of the predecessor, the information of the cause, the property, the fault distance and the section of the main control fault is determined; on the basis of selecting a complete skeleton section in the whole area, establishing an earthquake explanation section and a well connecting section corresponding to the earthquake explanation section;
step 3, based on the profile of the skeleton well, carrying out fine comparison of small layers by methods of marking layers, deposition cycle, equal thickness and ancient biology; identifying faults on a profile of a skeleton well connecting well by using a logging curve, and judging whether thickness reduction and mark layer loss caused by stratum loss due to a normal fault and thickness increase and mark layer repetition caused by stratum repetition due to a reverse fault are caused by fine multi-well stratum comparison on the basis of fine comparison of a small layer and from the properties of a normal fault and a reverse fault; repeating the low-order fine identification of the missing layer section by small-layer fine comparison identification;
and 4, identifying and verifying faults by using the oil reservoir development and production dynamic information.
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