CN113092811B - Floating type wind speed monitor based on nano generator - Google Patents

Floating type wind speed monitor based on nano generator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113092811B
CN113092811B CN202110397153.4A CN202110397153A CN113092811B CN 113092811 B CN113092811 B CN 113092811B CN 202110397153 A CN202110397153 A CN 202110397153A CN 113092811 B CN113092811 B CN 113092811B
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unit
wind speed
piezoelectric
generator
nano
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CN113092811A (en
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焦鹏程
王煜洲
史中天
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
    • G01P5/08—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring variation of an electric variable directly affected by the flow, e.g. by using dynamo-electric effect
    • G01P5/083—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring variation of an electric variable directly affected by the flow, e.g. by using dynamo-electric effect by using electronic circuits for measuring the dynamoelectric effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/148—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the static pressure increase due to the wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
    • H02N2/185—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators using fluid streams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/709—Piezoelectric means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Abstract

The invention discloses a floating type wind speed monitor based on a nano generator, which particularly comprises an upper unit, a middle unit and a lower unit which are sequentially connected. The middle unit is provided with a rectifying circuit. The lower unit contains a piezoelectric nano generator for generating electricity. The upper unit comprises a plurality of air vibration films, the centers of the air vibration films and the center of gravity of the upper unit are located on the same horizontal plane, and planes of any two adjacent air vibration film structures are perpendicular to each other and located on different planes of the upper unit. The upper unit also comprises a plurality of friction type nanometer generators which are parallel to the plane of the air vibration film and work in an independent layer mode, and the plurality of friction type nanometer generators jointly form an air speed sensor for monitoring the air speed. The floating self-powered wind speed monitor can monitor the wind speed data of the ocean surface layer, can reduce the error of satellite remote sensing ocean surface wind field data by combining the wind speed data of the ocean surface layer, and has positive significance for practical application.

Description

Floating type wind speed monitor based on nano generator
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of marine environment monitoring, and particularly relates to a floating type wind speed monitor based on a nano generator
Background
An anemorumbometer is one of marine environmental monitoring devices, and is widely applied to marine meteorological monitoring on the seashore of a port. Conventional anemorumbometers are mainly classified into mechanical type and ultrasonic type. The wind speed is measured by the mechanical wind cup rotation, the structure is simple, the price is low, the loss is easy, and the measurement result is not accurate enough. The ultrasonic method measures wind speed and wind direction using an ultrasonic time difference method, but is easily affected by the environment and weather. And traditional anemorumbometer equipment is great, can only install and fix in a place, needs external power supply energy supply, is difficult to effectively monitor the wind direction wind speed condition on ocean surface. This is not conducive to monitoring of the sea environment, which in turn affects ship navigation and ocean commerce. Therefore, it is especially important to design an anemorumbometer which can be self-powered, has high sensitivity and can monitor the ocean surface in real time.
The development of piezoelectric materials, triboelectric materials and nanogenerators provides technical support for the present invention. The piezoelectric material can generate voltage when undergoing mechanical deformation under the action of external force, the triboelectric material can generate current when undergoing frictional slip, and the principle of piezoelectric triboelectricity is widely applied to development and use of sensors and actuators. The nano generator is a generator which converts mechanical energy into electric energy by utilizing the piezoelectric property, the triboelectric property and the semiconductor property of special nano materials, and has application in biomedicine, wireless communication, wireless sensing and other aspects.
In the invention, a piezoelectric nano generator is applied to a lower unit to solve the problem of self-powered energy, and mechanical energy can be converted into electric energy and stored in a capacitor for self-powering when waves push flapping; and we will try to use the triboelectric material to compose the wind sensor on the upper unit for wind force monitoring, the sensor can make the air vibration film vibrate to generate electric signal under the action of wind; in addition, the middle part is provided with a support column, a lead and a rectifying unit which can support the upper structure to transmit electric signals at the same time of the sea surface; the lower part uses a hydrophobic anti-corrosion shell and ensures that the gravity center is arranged at the lower part to ensure the safety and the working operation of the instrument.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a floating type wind speed monitor based on a nano generator, aiming at the problems that the traditional anemorumbometer needs an external power supply and is difficult to detect a sea surface wind field.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a floating type wind speed monitor based on a nano generator specifically comprises an upper unit, a middle unit and a lower unit which are sequentially connected from top to bottom.
The middle unit is provided with a rectifying circuit. The lower unit contains a piezoelectric nano generator for generating electricity.
The upper unit comprises a plurality of air vibration membranes, the centers of the air vibration membranes and the center of gravity of the upper unit are located on the same horizontal plane, and planes where any two adjacent air vibration membrane structures are located are perpendicular to each other and located on different planes of the upper unit. The upper unit also comprises a plurality of friction type nanometer generators which are parallel to the plane of the air vibration film and work in an independent layer mode, and the friction type nanometer generators correspond to the air vibration film one to jointly form a wind speed sensor for monitoring wind speed.
Furthermore, the upper unit and the middle unit are of a hollow structure, so that the rectifying and filtering circuit can be fixed on the inner surface of the middle unit, and the circuit can be ensured to pass through. Meanwhile, the weight of the middle unit of the device is reduced, the gravity center is ensured to be arranged at the lower part of the monitor, and the monitor floats on the water surface.
Further, the air vibration film of the upper unit vibrates under the influence of wind, so that the air vibration film is continuously contacted with the surface of the triboelectric material of the friction type nano generator to generate electric pulses and obtain sensing output.
Further, the lower unit has a multi-layered structure including an outer shell layer, a piezoelectric nanogenerator layer, an inner shell layer, a capacitor power pack, and a monolithic board.
Furthermore, the piezoelectric nano generator monomers contained in the lower unit are arranged between the inner surface of the outer shell layer and the outer surface of the inner shell layer at equal intervals, namely four long sides and three wide sides, so as to form a piezoelectric nano generator layer.
Furthermore, the piezoelectric nano generator layers in the lower unit generate power for the generator set, and each nano generator monomer is coated with an upper arm and a lower arm of a piezoelectric sheet and a middle cavity piezoelectric block with the piezoelectric block.
Further, the capacitor power pack collects mechanical energy collected by the piezoelectric nanogenerator layer and is used to power the monolithic board.
Further, the single chip board stores the output from the friction-type nano-generator, GPS information, and timing to send data to a base station or satellite.
Furthermore, the middle unit has a telescopic structure so as to meet the working requirements of different environments.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the floating self-powered wind speed monitor can monitor the wind speed data of the ocean surface layer, can reduce the error of satellite remote sensing ocean surface wind field data by combining the wind speed data of the ocean surface layer, and has positive significance for practical application. The invention has the innovation that the nano generator is used as a sensor and a power supply, and has the characteristics of high sensitivity and self-powered property. The equipment uses sea waves to excite a 'generator set' formed by a plurality of piezoelectric nano generators to generate electricity, generated electric energy is stored in a capacitor of a signal emission module in a lower unit, a single chip microcomputer uses the capacitor as a power supply when working, voltage data from an upper unit is continuously written into a storage, after a fixed length is separated, a signal emission system is activated, new data in the storage is sent to a base station or a satellite, and one-time work cycle work is completed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the working principle of the floating wind speed monitor.
Fig. 2 is a display diagram of an upper unit of the floating wind speed monitor.
Fig. 3 is a detail display diagram of an upper unit of the floating wind speed monitor.
Fig. 4 is a detail display diagram of the middle unit of the floating wind speed monitor.
Fig. 5 is a detail display diagram of the piezoelectric nano-generator of the lower unit of the floating wind speed monitor.
FIG. 6 is a detail display diagram of the piezoelectric nano-generator layer, the capacitor power supply group and the single chip board of the lower unit of the floating wind speed monitor.
Fig. 7 is a detailed illustration of the cavity voltage block in the floating wind speed monitor.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the floating wind speed monitor.
In the figure: a superstructure 1; a middle structure 2; a lower structure 3; an air diaphragm 101; a triboelectric nanogenerator 102; a rectifier circuit 201; a lower outer shell layer 301; a piezoelectric nano-generator set 302; a lower inner shell layer 303; a capacitor power pack 304; a single chip board 305; a piezoelectric nano-generator middle cavity piezoelectric block 306;
Detailed Description
The following description will explain embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, the invention provides a floating wind speed monitor based on a nano generator, which specifically comprises an upper unit 1, a middle unit 2 and a lower unit 3 which are sequentially connected from top to bottom.
The upper unit 1 comprises a plurality of air vibration films 101, the centers of which and the center of gravity of the upper unit 1 are located on the same horizontal plane, and planes of any two adjacent air vibration film structures are perpendicular to each other and located on different planes of the upper unit 1. The upper unit 1 further comprises 4 friction type nanometer generators 102 working in an independent layer mode and fixed on the sensing window in parallel with the plane of the air vibration film 101, and used for sensing the vibration of the air vibration film to generate electric output, the friction type nanometer generators 102 and the air vibration film 101 are in one-to-one correspondence to form an air speed sensor together, the periphery of the air vibration film is fixed on the sensing window of the upper unit to respond to the air speed, vibration is generated in the unfixed middle area of the air vibration film, and the vibration conducted by the film is converted into an electric signal and transmitted to the lower part of the air vibration film to monitor the size of the air speed.
The middle unit 2 is provided with a rectifying circuit 201 for rectifying the output of the wind speed sensor 1 of the friction type nano generator. The lower unit 3 is fixed below the middle unit 2, is immersed in water and comprises a piezoelectric nano generator for generating electricity.
The lower unit 3 has a three-layer structure including an outer shell layer 301, a piezoelectric nanogenerator layer 302, an inner shell layer 303, a capacitor power pack 304, and a monolithic board 305. The piezoelectric nano generator units 302 contained in the lower unit 3 are arranged between the inner surface of the outer shell layer 301 and the outer surface of the inner shell layer 303 at equal intervals with four long sides and three wide sides to form a piezoelectric nano generator layer 302.
The piezoelectric nano-generator layers 302 in the lower unit 3 constitute a generator set for generating power, and each nano-generator unit has upper and lower arms coated with piezoelectric sheets and a middle cavity piezoelectric block 306 with piezoelectric blocks.
The capacitor power pack 304 collects the mechanical energy collected by the piezoelectric nanogenerator layer 302 and is used to power the monolithic board 305.
The single chip board 305 stores the output from the triboelectric nanogenerator, GPS information, and sends data to the base station or satellite at regular times. And will send the stored information to the base station or satellite after a set time and empty the storage.
The upper unit 1 is fixed to the middle unit 2 and is kept above the water surface. The upper unit 1 and the middle unit 2 are hollow structures, so that the rectification filter circuit can be ensured to be fixed on the inner surface of the middle unit 2, and the circuit can be ensured to pass through. Meanwhile, the weight of the middle unit 2 of the device is reduced, and the gravity center is ensured to be positioned at the lower part of the monitor and float on the water surface. The middle unit 2 has a telescopic structure, and can be extended when the wave height is large and retracted when the wave height is small so as to ensure that the upper unit 1 is exposed out of the water surface, thereby meeting the working requirements of different environments.
The floating wind speed monitor provided by the invention is powered by the piezoelectric nano generator 102, so that self-power supply can be realized by using environmental mechanical energy in a working period without charging or other batteries. The monitor can be fixed near a base station or can be placed in water when an island or reef works and works along with water flow or ocean current.
As shown in fig. 1, which is a schematic design diagram of the floating wind speed monitor provided by the present invention, when a user activates the monitor, the monitor is placed on the ocean surface to be measured, the lower unit is driven by waves to start working, and electric energy is collected and information is processed. The upper unit simultaneously starts to monitor the wind speed and wind direction conditions on the ocean surface, transmits the electric signals to the information processing part through the middle unit, and sends the processed information to a user computer.
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention provides a cross-sectional representation of the upper unit of the floating wind speed monitor. When a user activates the monitor, the monitor is placed on the ocean surface to be measured, and the air diaphragm (101) of the upper unit is excited by wind power to generate micro vibration. In the process, the film can be continuously contacted and separated with the surface of the electrode of the friction type nano generator (102) below, an electric signal is generated, and sensing output is obtained, so that the wind speed is monitored.
As shown in fig. 3, a specific assembly manner of the air vibration membrane and the friction-type nano-generator of the upper unit of the floating wind speed monitor provided by the invention is shown. The air vibration film is covered on the upper part of the friction type nanometer generator, a space is arranged between the air vibration film and the friction type nanometer generator, and a space is arranged between two poles of the lower friction type nanometer generator.
As shown in fig. 4, the cross section of the middle unit of the floating wind speed monitor provided by the present invention is shown. A rectifying and filtering circuit is arranged in the middle of the wind speed monitor, so that the electric signals generated on the upper portion of the wind speed monitor can be filtered preliminarily, and a single chip board on the lower portion of the wind speed monitor can store data conveniently.
As shown in fig. 5, the present invention provides a cross-section display of the lower unit of the floating wind speed monitor. The lower unit of the wind speed monitor comprises a piezoelectric nano generator layer, an inner shell layer, a capacitor bank and a single chip board. When the anemorumbometer works, the lower unit plays a role in collecting and collecting electric energy and storing signals, the piezoelectric nano generator set can collect and convert wave energy into electric energy, and the electric energy is transmitted to the capacitor set to serve as a power supply to support the single chip board to work. The single chip board has the functions of signal collection and signal transmission.
As shown in fig. 6, the floating wind speed monitor is a specific display of the lower monolithic plate, the capacitor bank and the piezoelectric nano generator. When the lower part of the wind speed monitor is in water and is excited by waves, the piezoelectric nano generator set can convert the mechanical energy of the waves into electric energy and transmit the electric energy to the capacitor bank. The capacitor bank collects electric energy as a power supply to support the work of the single chip microcomputer board. The piezoelectric nano generator set on the lower portion of the anemorumbometer is arranged between an outer shell and an inner shell on the lower portion of the anemorumbometer, and is arranged with four long sides and three wide sides at equal intervals. The capacitor bank and the single chip board are arranged on the same circuit board and fixed on the inner surface of the inner shell of the wind speed monitor.
As shown in fig. 7, the present invention is a display of a single piezoelectric nano generator of a piezoelectric nano generator set at the lower part of the floating wind speed monitor. The single piezoelectric nano generator is in a 'mutual' shape. After the sea wave excites the lower shell of the wind speed monitor, the lower shell of the wind speed monitor vibrates to cause the piezoelectric nano generator to deform, the piezoelectric block in the middle of the piezoelectric nano generator is continuously extruded to generate electric energy, meanwhile, each arm in the shape of the Chinese character 'mutually' can also deform, and the piezoelectric film covered on the piezoelectric nano generator can also collect mechanical energy.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the floating wind speed monitor according to the present invention. After the whole monitor starts to work, the monitor is positioned on the ocean surface. The upper unit of the monitor floats on the sea surface, the lower unit of the monitor is completely immersed in water, the middle unit of the monitor partially floats on the water surface, and the gravity center of the monitor ensures that the whole monitor can vertically stand on the sea surface through the lower unit of the monitor. The upper unit of the monitor senses the wind speed and collects electric signals, and the electric signals are transmitted to the single chip board of the lower unit of the monitor through the middle unit rectification filter circuit. Meanwhile, the lower unit of the monitor is excited by waves, and the piezoelectric nano generator set in the lower unit continuously collects and converts mechanical energy into electric energy to be supplied to the single chip board for use.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A floating type wind speed monitor based on a nano generator is characterized by specifically comprising an upper unit (1), a middle unit (2) and a lower unit (3) which are sequentially connected from top to bottom;
the middle unit (2) is provided with a rectifying circuit (201); the lower unit (3) contains a piezoelectric type nano generator for generating electricity; the piezoelectric nano generator is in a shape of a Chinese character 'mutual'; the vibration of the lower shell causes the piezoelectric nano generator to deform to generate electric energy, meanwhile, each arm of the shape like the Chinese character 'mutual' can also deform, and a piezoelectric film covered on the piezoelectric nano generator can also collect mechanical energy; the upper unit (1) and the middle unit (2) are of a hollow structure, so that the rectification filter circuit can be ensured to be fixed on the inner surface of the middle unit (2), and the circuit can be ensured to pass through; meanwhile, the weight of the middle unit (2) of the equipment is reduced, the gravity center is ensured to be positioned at the lower part of the monitor, and the equipment is enabled to float above the water surface;
the upper unit (1) comprises a plurality of air vibration films (101) of which the centers are positioned on the same horizontal plane with the center of gravity of the upper unit (1), and planes of any two adjacent air vibration film structures are vertical to each other and positioned on different planes of the upper unit (1); the air vibration film (101) of the upper unit (1) vibrates under the influence of wind, so that the air vibration film is continuously contacted with the surface of a triboelectric material of the friction type nano generator (102) to generate electric pulses and obtain sensing output; the upper unit (1) further comprises a plurality of friction type nanometer generators (102) which are parallel to the plane where the air vibration film (101) is located and work in an independent layer mode, and the friction type nanometer generators (102) correspond to the air vibration film (101) one to jointly form an air speed sensor for monitoring the air speed.
2. The nanogenerator-based floating wind speed monitor according to claim 1, wherein the lower unit (3) has a multi-layer structure comprising an outer shell layer (301), a piezoelectric nanogenerator layer (302), an inner shell layer (303), a capacitor power pack (304) and a single chip board (305).
3. The floating wind speed monitor based on the nano-generator as claimed in claim 2, wherein the piezoelectric nano-generator units (302) of the lower unit (3) are arranged with four long sides and three wide sides at equal intervals between the inner surface of the outer shell layer (301) and the outer surface of the inner shell layer (303) to form a piezoelectric nano-generator layer (302).
4. The floating wind speed monitor based on nano-generator as claimed in claim 2, wherein the piezoelectric nano-generator layer (302) in the lower unit (3) forms a generator set to generate electricity, and each nano-generator unit is coated with upper and lower arms of a piezoelectric sheet and a middle cavity piezoelectric block (306) with a piezoelectric block.
5. The nanogenerator-based floating wind speed monitor according to claim 2, wherein the capacitor power pack (304) collects mechanical energy collected by the piezoelectric nanogenerator layer (302) and is used to power the monolithic board (305).
6. The nanogenerator-based floating wind speed monitor according to claim 2, wherein the single chip board (305) stores the output from the triboelectric nanogenerator, GPS information and timing to send data to a base station or satellite.
7. The floating wind speed monitor according to claim 1, wherein the middle unit has a telescopic structure to meet the working requirements of different environments.
CN202110397153.4A 2021-04-13 2021-04-13 Floating type wind speed monitor based on nano generator Active CN113092811B (en)

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