CN113092579A - Method for measuring and analyzing sand content grading - Google Patents
Method for measuring and analyzing sand content grading Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring and analyzing grading of sand content, and particularly relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering. The invention samples the water area to be measured, extracts various organisms, various plants, impurities and silt with different gradation in the water sample, then uses a specific ultrasonic detector to respectively extract ultrasonic data of the organisms, the plants, the impurities and the silt with different gradation, and can directly measure the gradation of the sand content in the water area after calculation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, in particular to a method for measuring and analyzing sand content grading.
Background
The real-time measurement of suspended sediment in natural rivers is one of important tasks for providing feasible conditions for research in the aspects of hydraulic engineering early design, investment operation, later maintenance and the like.
Although the traditional mode of field sampling and laboratory operation analysis is high in measurement accuracy, the method is backward, time-consuming and labor-consuming, required data cannot be obtained immediately, the whole operation process is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the requirement of hydrological test specifications is difficult to meet, and the acoustic detection method is easily influenced by other impurities in a water body during actual use, so that the measurement result is easy to deviate, and therefore a new method for measuring and analyzing sand content grading is needed to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for measuring and analyzing sand content gradation, and the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: although the traditional field sampling and laboratory operation analysis mode is high in measurement accuracy, the method is backward, time-consuming and labor-consuming, required data cannot be obtained immediately, the whole operation process is time-consuming and labor-consuming, the requirement of hydrological test specifications is difficult to meet, and the acoustic detection method is easily influenced by other impurities in a water body during actual use, so that the measurement result is easy to deviate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for measuring and analyzing sand content grading is realized by adopting an ultrasonic detector with water and sand parameter measurement and a calibration device together, wherein the ultrasonic detector with water and sand parameter measurement comprises an ultrasonic detector circuit component and an ultrasonic measurement probe, the calibration device comprises a calibration barrel and a self-circulation water pump, the left side surface and the right side surface of the calibration barrel are communicated with each other through a water outlet end and a water inlet end of the self-circulation water pump, and the method for measuring and analyzing the sand content grading comprises the following steps:
s1, sampling the water area to be detected at multiple positions, wherein the sampling comprises water, silt, plants and organisms under the water area environment, extracting various organisms, various plants, water, impurities in the water and silt in the water after the sampling is finished, and carrying out classified filtration on the silt to obtain silt with different particle sizes in the water, and storing the silt for later use respectively.
S2, mixing the silt with different particle sizes with the water body respectively to carry out ultrasonic measurement, then measuring and extracting ultrasonic data of impurities, plants and animals in the water body respectively to obtain the ultrasonic data of different articles in the water area to be measured, and finally arranging and combining a plurality of substances and putting the substances into a calibration barrel respectively to carry out data acquisition.
S3, performing time domain and spectrum analysis on the data collected in S2 to obtain a plurality of relation curves, enabling concentration values to be corresponding to particle sizes and characteristic parameters of echo signals, establishing an inversion relation of sand content and gradation by using a backscattering method based on a Rayleigh scattering principle, storing the inversion relation into a measurement system for later measurement, counting influences caused by overlapped detection data of various substances, putting all samples into a calibration barrel together for measurement and checking, matching a measurement environment after checking is correct, fixing an ultrasonic measurement probe on a corresponding carrier, and placing the carrier in an actual water area to be measured for measurement.
As a further scheme of the invention: the circuit component of the ultrasonic detector comprises the following circuits: the ultrasonic echo signal receiving and switching circuit comprises an ultrasonic excitation signal generating circuit, an ultrasonic echo signal receiving and switching circuit, an ultrasonic echo signal amplifying circuit, an ultrasonic excitation circuit high-voltage power supply, an ultrasonic signal circuit power supply, a control interface interconnection, a field programmable logic array (FPGA), a multi-path parallel digital-to-analog conversion circuit, a multi-path parallel analog-to-digital conversion circuit, an onboard memory circuit, an Ethernet transceiver circuit and a digital circuit power supply.
As a further scheme of the invention: ultrasonic measurement probe includes particle diameter measurement probe, gathers transmission system and user, particle diameter measurement probe undertakes signal reception and emission, comprises 4 different emission frequency's single-frequency probe, single-frequency probe includes rectification piece, transmission wafer and receipt wafer, 4 single-frequency probe adopts the cohesive type equipment, and the contained angle of single probe axis and axis is 30.
As a further scheme of the invention: the rectification block, the transmitting wafer and the receiving wafer are packaged into a whole by a stainless steel shell, the transmitting wafer and the receiving wafer are both made of piezoelectric composite materials, and the acquisition and transmission system is used for transmitting signals acquired by the particle size measuring probe to a user side.
As a further scheme of the invention: the ultrasonic excitation signal generating circuit is a direct driving source for transmitting ultrasonic measuring pulses by the ultrasonic sensor, the ultrasonic echo signal receiving and switching circuit can isolate high-voltage transmitting signals when the ultrasonic sensor is in a self-transmitting and self-receiving working mode, can completely receive weak echo signals and send the weak echo signals to a signal amplifier at a later stage when the ultrasonic sensor is in a receiving and non-transmitting working mode, and cannot introduce any nonlinear effect, the ultrasonic echo signal amplifying circuit is a core design part of an ultrasonic signal transmitting, receiving and amplifying circuit board and provides low-noise, broadband and controllable high-gain amplifying functions of the ultrasonic echo signals, the high-voltage power supply of the ultrasonic excitation circuit is a high-voltage power supply required by the ultrasonic excitation signal generating circuit, and the power supply of the ultrasonic signal circuit can provide low-voltage ultra-low-voltage direct ultra-low-noise for all functional circuits on the ultrasonic signal transmitting, receiving and amplifying circuit board except the ultrasonic excitation signal generating circuit A current source.
As a further scheme of the invention: the control interface is interconnected and used for connecting the ultrasonic signal transmitting, receiving and amplifying circuit and the ultrasonic signal sampling and processing circuit, providing power supply and signal connection between the two circuits, the field programmable logic array (FPGA) is composed of hardware resources such as a logic unit, an RAM, a multiplier and the like, and by reasonably organizing the hardware resources, can realize hardware circuits such as a multiplier, a register, an address generator and the like, the multi-path parallel digital-to-analog (DA) conversion circuit is designed to generate variable output voltage under the control of the logic built in the FPGA so as to realize the gain control of the main amplifier of the ultrasonic echo signal amplification circuit, the multi-path parallel analog-to-digital (AD) conversion circuit is a second key circuit in the ultrasonic instrument, which is next to the FPGA, and is used for digitally sampling the waveform of the ultrasonic echo signal output by the ultrasonic echo signal amplification circuit, converting the waveform into a digital signal sequence and sending the digital signal sequence to the FPGA for next processing.
As a further scheme of the invention: the on-board memory circuit is composed of a DDR3 random access memory and a FLASH nonvolatile memory, the Ethernet transceiver circuit is designed to be used for establishing a data connection channel between the whole ultrasonic instrument and an external control terminal, and the digital circuit power supply is used as a power supply source of each functional circuit on the ultrasonic signal sampling processing circuit board.
As a further scheme of the invention: the ultrasonic measurement method in the step S2 comprises the following steps: pouring a certain volume of water and silt with larger particle size into a calibration barrel, starting a self-circulation water pump, extracting the water and the silt in the calibration barrel by a water inlet end of the self-circulation water pump, discharging the water and the silt through a water outlet end of the self-circulation water pump, slowly circulating the water and the silt in the whole calibration barrel until a relatively uniform and stable concentration field is formed, then extending an ultrasonic measuring probe with known working frequency into the calibration barrel and fixing the ultrasonic measuring probe, setting various parameters to enable a clear and complete waveform to appear on a screen, starting data acquisition, after the data acquisition is finished, adding a certain amount of silt with the same diameter into the calibration barrel again, acquiring the sand-containing concentration by using the ultrasonic measuring probe again, thereby acquiring the sand-containing data of the water with different concentrations, then pouring out and cleaning the water and the silt in the calibration barrel, and then using the same method to perform ultrasonic data of the silt with the other particle size under different concentrations, after the silt data detection is finished, the ultrasonic data of impurities, plants and animals in the water body are measured and extracted by the same method respectively to obtain the ultrasonic data of different articles in the water area to be detected, and finally, a plurality of substances are arranged and combined and are respectively placed into a calibration barrel for data acquisition.
As a further scheme of the invention: the measurement and checking method in the step S3 comprises the following steps: putting various organisms, various plants, water bodies, impurities in the water bodies and silt with different particle sizes in the water bodies in the samples into the water bodies together, implanting an ultrasonic detection probe into a calibration barrel to detect the concentration of the water bodies, automatically calculating the sand content grading data in the water bodies and the data of animals and plants in the water bodies in the system on the basis of the obtained inversion relation of the sand content and the grading, calculating the adverse effect of the presence of the animals, the plants and the impurities in the water bodies on the sand content grading measurement process, comparing the sand content grading data known in the samples with the data of the animals and the plants in the water bodies and the measurement result, and re-measuring by using the method if the result has larger deviation until the result has no larger deviation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention samples the water area to be measured, extracts various organisms, various plants, impurities and silt with different gradation in the water sample, then uses a specific ultrasonic detector to respectively extract ultrasonic data of the organisms, the plants, the impurities and the silt with different gradation, extracts ultrasonic data of various substances in different arrangement and combination modes to finally obtain different ultrasonic data, then carries out time domain and spectrum analysis on the data to obtain a plurality of relation curves, corresponds the concentration value-particle size and the characteristic parameters of echo signals, establishes an inversion relation of sand content and gradation by utilizing a back scattering method and based on a Rayleigh scattering principle, then counts the influence caused by the superposed detection data of the various substances, and then puts all samples into a calibration barrel to carry out measurement and check calculation, after the checking calculation is correct, the specific ultrasonic detector can be directly used to be placed in a water area to be measured to measure, the measuring process is simple and convenient, time and labor are saved, different ultrasonic data are respectively extracted from different substances and different permutation combinations of different substances in a sample, and the comparison checking calculation is carried out, so that the measuring result is not easy to have errors.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a method for measuring and analyzing sand content gradation is realized by adopting an ultrasonic detector with water and sand parameter measurement and a calibration device together, the ultrasonic detector with water and sand parameter measurement comprises an ultrasonic detector circuit component and an ultrasonic measuring probe, the calibration device comprises a calibration barrel and a self-circulation water pump, the left side surface and the right side surface of the calibration barrel are communicated with a water inlet end through a water outlet end of the self-circulation water pump, and the method for measuring and analyzing the sand content gradation comprises the following steps:
s1, sampling the water area to be detected at multiple positions, wherein the sampling comprises water, silt, plants and organisms under the water area environment, extracting various organisms, various plants, water, impurities in the water and silt in the water after the sampling is finished, and carrying out classified filtration on the silt to obtain silt with different particle sizes in the water, and storing the silt for later use respectively.
S2, mixing the silt with different particle sizes with the water body respectively to carry out ultrasonic measurement, then measuring and extracting ultrasonic data of impurities, plants and animals in the water body respectively to obtain the ultrasonic data of different articles in the water area to be measured, and finally arranging and combining a plurality of substances and putting the substances into a calibration barrel respectively to carry out data acquisition.
S3, performing time domain and spectrum analysis on the data collected in S2 to obtain a plurality of relation curves, enabling concentration values to be corresponding to particle sizes and characteristic parameters of echo signals, establishing an inversion relation of sand content and gradation by using a backscattering method based on a Rayleigh scattering principle, storing the inversion relation into a measurement system for later measurement, counting influences caused by overlapped detection data of various substances, putting all samples into a calibration barrel together for measurement and checking, matching a measurement environment after checking is correct, fixing an ultrasonic measurement probe on a corresponding carrier, and placing the carrier in an actual water area to be measured for measurement.
Through detection, the data between the sand content of different concentrations and the amplitude of the echo signal are as follows:
when the sand content is/(kg m)3) When the sampling value is 502, the AD sampling value is D18, and the echo amplitude/V is calculated to be 0.07;
when the sand content is/(kg m)3) When the sampling value is 335, the AD sampling value is 7E4, and the echo amplitude/V is calculated to be 1.2;
when the sand content is/(kg m)3) When the sampling value is 271, the AD sampling value is 7A3, and the echo amplitude/V is calculated to be 2.9;
when the sand content is/(kg m)3) 184, the AD sampling value is BD9, and the echo amplitude/V is calculated to be 7.2;
when the sand content is/(kg m)3) At 50, the AD sample value is E61, and the echo amplitude/V is calculated to be 16.8.
The principle of ultrasonic measurement is as follows: when the ultrasonic wave propagates through the medium, the intensity of the ultrasonic wave attenuates along with the increase of the distance, and for the plane wave propagating in the x direction, the following steps are included:
P(x)＝P·exp(-α·x)
wherein P, P (x) is the sound intensity of the initial point and the x point, and alpha is the attenuation coefficient.
For the case of sandy water flow, the main factor causing acoustic attenuation can be explained by the following formula:
α＝αw+αP
where α is the absorption coefficient of water, a known quantity, and α P is the additional absorption coefficient caused by the silt particles, which is mainly composed of the viscous absorption coefficient α and the scattering absorption coefficient α.
The circuit component of the ultrasonic detector comprises the following circuits: the ultrasonic echo signal receiving and switching circuit comprises an ultrasonic excitation signal generating circuit, an ultrasonic echo signal receiving and switching circuit, an ultrasonic echo signal amplifying circuit, an ultrasonic excitation circuit high-voltage power supply, an ultrasonic signal circuit power supply, a control interface interconnection, a field programmable logic array (FPGA), a multi-path parallel digital-to-analog conversion circuit, a multi-path parallel analog-to-digital conversion circuit, an onboard memory circuit, an Ethernet transceiver circuit and a digital circuit power supply.
Ultrasonic measurement probe includes particle diameter measurement probe, gathers transmission system and user, and particle diameter measurement probe undertakes signal reception and emission, comprises 4 single-frequency probe of different emission frequency, and single-frequency probe includes rectification piece, emission wafer and receipt wafer, and 4 single-frequency probe adopt cohesive type equipment, and the contained angle of single probe axis and axis is 30.
The rectification block, the transmitting wafer and the receiving wafer are packaged into a whole by a stainless steel shell, the transmitting wafer and the receiving wafer are both made of piezoelectric composite materials, and the acquisition and transmission system is used for transmitting signals acquired by the particle size measuring probe to a user side.
The ultrasonic excitation signal generating circuit is a direct driving source for the ultrasonic sensor to transmit ultrasonic measuring pulses, the ultrasonic echo signal receiving and switching circuit can isolate high-voltage transmitting signals when the ultrasonic sensor is in a self-transmitting and self-receiving working mode, when the device is in the receiving-only and non-transmitting mode, the weak echo signal is required to be completely received and transmitted to the signal amplifier at the later stage, the ultrasonic echo signal amplifying circuit is a core design part of an ultrasonic signal transmitting, receiving and amplifying circuit board and provides low-noise, broadband and controllable high-gain amplifying functions of ultrasonic echo signals, the ultrasonic exciting circuit high-voltage power supply is a high-voltage power supply required by an ultrasonic exciting signal generating circuit, and the ultrasonic signal circuit power supply can provide an ultralow-noise low-voltage direct-current power supply for all functional circuits on the ultrasonic signal transmitting, receiving and amplifying circuit board except the ultrasonic exciting signal generating circuit.
The control interface is interconnected and used for connecting the ultrasonic signal transmitting, receiving and amplifying circuit and the ultrasonic signal sampling processing circuit, providing power supply and signal connection between the two circuits, the field programmable logic array (FPGA) is composed of hardware resources such as a logic unit, an RAM, a multiplier and the like, by reasonably organizing the hardware resources, the multi-path parallel analog-to-digital (AD) conversion circuit is used for digitally sampling the waveform of the ultrasonic echo signal output by the ultrasonic echo signal amplification circuit, converting the waveform into a digital signal sequence and sending the digital signal sequence to the FPGA for next processing, and is a second key circuit next to the FPGA in the ultrasonic instrument.
The on-board memory circuit is composed of a DDR3 random access memory and a FLASH nonvolatile memory, the Ethernet transceiver circuit is designed to establish a data connection channel between the whole ultrasonic instrument and an external control terminal, and a digital circuit power supply is used as a power supply source of each functional circuit on the ultrasonic signal sampling processing circuit board.
The ultrasonic measurement method in the S2 comprises the following steps: pouring a certain volume of water and silt with larger particle size into a calibration barrel, starting a self-circulation water pump, extracting the water and the silt in the calibration barrel by a water inlet end of the self-circulation water pump, discharging the water and the silt through a water outlet end of the self-circulation water pump, slowly circulating the water and the silt in the whole calibration barrel until a relatively uniform and stable concentration field is formed, then extending an ultrasonic measuring probe with known working frequency into the calibration barrel and fixing the ultrasonic measuring probe, setting various parameters to enable a clear and complete waveform to appear on a screen, starting data acquisition, after the data acquisition is finished, adding a certain amount of silt with the same diameter into the calibration barrel again, acquiring the sand-containing concentration by using the ultrasonic measuring probe again, thereby acquiring the sand-containing data of the water with different concentrations, then pouring out and cleaning the water and the silt in the calibration barrel, and then using the same method to perform ultrasonic data of the silt with the other particle size under different concentrations, after the silt data detection is finished, the ultrasonic data of impurities, plants and animals in the water body are measured and extracted by the same method respectively to obtain the ultrasonic data of different articles in the water area to be detected, and finally, a plurality of substances are arranged and combined and are respectively placed into a calibration barrel for data acquisition.
The measurement and checking method in the S3 comprises the following steps: putting various organisms, various plants, water bodies, impurities in the water bodies and silt with different particle sizes in the water bodies in the samples into the water bodies together, implanting an ultrasonic detection probe into a calibration barrel to detect the concentration of the water bodies, automatically calculating the sand content grading data in the water bodies and the data of animals and plants in the water bodies in the system on the basis of the obtained inversion relation of the sand content and the grading, calculating the adverse effect of the presence of the animals, the plants and the impurities in the water bodies on the sand content grading measurement process, comparing the sand content grading data known in the samples with the data of the animals and the plants in the water bodies and the measurement result, and re-measuring by using the method if the result has larger deviation until the result has no larger deviation.
The points to be finally explained are: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the general description and the specific embodiments, on the basis of the present invention, the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for measuring and analyzing sand content gradation is characterized in that: the method is realized by adopting an ultrasonic detector with water and sand parameter measurement and a calibration device together, wherein the ultrasonic detector with water and sand parameter measurement comprises an ultrasonic detector circuit component and an ultrasonic measurement probe, the calibration device comprises a calibration barrel and a self-circulation water pump, the left side surface and the right side surface of the calibration barrel are communicated with each other through a water outlet end and a water inlet end of the self-circulation water pump, and the method for measuring and analyzing the grading of the sand content comprises the following steps:
s1, sampling a water area to be detected at multiple positions, wherein the sampling comprises water bodies, silt, plants and organisms in the water area environment, extracting various organisms, various plants, water bodies, impurities in the water bodies and silt in the water bodies after the sampling is finished, and carrying out graded filtration on the silt to obtain silt with different particle sizes in the water bodies, and storing the silt for later use respectively;
s2, mixing the silt with different particle sizes with the water body respectively to carry out ultrasonic measurement, then measuring and extracting ultrasonic data of impurities, plants and animals in the water body respectively to obtain ultrasonic data of different articles in the water area to be measured, and finally arranging and combining a plurality of substances and putting the substances into a calibration barrel respectively to carry out data acquisition;
s3, performing time domain and spectrum analysis on the data collected in S2 to obtain a plurality of relation curves, enabling concentration values to be corresponding to particle sizes and characteristic parameters of echo signals, establishing an inversion relation of sand content and gradation by using a backscattering method based on a Rayleigh scattering principle, storing the inversion relation into a measurement system for later measurement, counting influences caused by overlapped detection data of various substances, putting all samples into a calibration barrel together for measurement and checking, matching a measurement environment after checking is correct, fixing an ultrasonic measurement probe on a corresponding carrier, and placing the carrier in an actual water area to be measured for measurement.
2. The method for measuring and analyzing the grading of the sand content according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the circuit component of the ultrasonic detector comprises the following circuits: the ultrasonic echo signal receiving and switching circuit comprises an ultrasonic excitation signal generating circuit, an ultrasonic echo signal receiving and switching circuit, an ultrasonic echo signal amplifying circuit, an ultrasonic excitation circuit high-voltage power supply, an ultrasonic signal circuit power supply, a control interface interconnection, a field programmable logic array (FPGA), a multi-path parallel digital-to-analog conversion circuit, a multi-path parallel analog-to-digital conversion circuit, an onboard memory circuit, an Ethernet transceiver circuit and a digital circuit power supply.
3. A method for measuring and analyzing the grading of sand content according to claim 2, characterized in that: ultrasonic measurement probe includes particle diameter measurement probe, gathers transmission system and user, particle diameter measurement probe undertakes signal reception and emission, comprises 4 different emission frequency's single-frequency probe, single-frequency probe includes rectification piece, transmission wafer and receipt wafer, 4 single-frequency probe adopts the cohesive type equipment, and the contained angle of single probe axis and axis is 30.
4. A method of measuring the grading of sand content according to claim 3, characterized in that: the rectification block, the transmitting wafer and the receiving wafer are packaged into a whole by a stainless steel shell, the transmitting wafer and the receiving wafer are both made of piezoelectric composite materials, and the acquisition and transmission system is used for transmitting signals acquired by the particle size measuring probe to a user side.
5. A method for measuring and analyzing the grading of sand content according to claim 2, characterized in that: the ultrasonic excitation signal generating circuit is a direct driving source for transmitting ultrasonic measuring pulses by the ultrasonic sensor, the ultrasonic echo signal receiving and switching circuit can isolate high-voltage transmitting signals when the ultrasonic sensor is in a self-transmitting and self-receiving working mode, can completely receive weak echo signals and send the weak echo signals to a signal amplifier at a later stage when the ultrasonic sensor is in a receiving and non-transmitting working mode, and cannot introduce any nonlinear effect, the ultrasonic echo signal amplifying circuit is a core design part of an ultrasonic signal transmitting, receiving and amplifying circuit board and provides low-noise, broadband and controllable high-gain amplifying functions of the ultrasonic echo signals, the high-voltage power supply of the ultrasonic excitation circuit is a high-voltage power supply required by the ultrasonic excitation signal generating circuit, and the power supply of the ultrasonic signal circuit can provide low-voltage ultra-low-voltage direct ultra-low-noise for all functional circuits on the ultrasonic signal transmitting, receiving and amplifying circuit board except the ultrasonic excitation signal generating circuit A current source.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of measuring and analyzing the grading of the sand content comprises: the control interface is interconnected and used for connecting the ultrasonic signal transmitting, receiving and amplifying circuit and the ultrasonic signal sampling and processing circuit, providing power supply and signal connection between the two circuits, the field programmable logic array (FPGA) is composed of hardware resources such as a logic unit, an RAM, a multiplier and the like, and by reasonably organizing the hardware resources, can realize hardware circuits such as a multiplier, a register, an address generator and the like, the multi-path parallel digital-to-analog (DA) conversion circuit is designed to generate variable output voltage under the control of the logic built in the FPGA so as to realize the gain control of the main amplifier of the ultrasonic echo signal amplification circuit, the multi-path parallel analog-to-digital (AD) conversion circuit is a second key circuit in the ultrasonic instrument, which is next to the FPGA, and is used for digitally sampling the waveform of the ultrasonic echo signal output by the ultrasonic echo signal amplification circuit, converting the waveform into a digital signal sequence and sending the digital signal sequence to the FPGA for next processing.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of measuring and analyzing the grading of the sand content comprises: the on-board memory circuit is composed of a DDR3 random access memory and a FLASH nonvolatile memory, the Ethernet transceiver circuit is designed to be used for establishing a data connection channel between the whole ultrasonic instrument and an external control terminal, and the digital circuit power supply is used as a power supply source of each functional circuit on the ultrasonic signal sampling processing circuit board.
8. The method for measuring and analyzing the grading of the sand content according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the ultrasonic measurement method in the step S2 comprises the following steps: pouring a certain volume of water and silt with larger particle size into a calibration barrel, starting a self-circulation water pump, extracting the water and the silt in the calibration barrel by a water inlet end of the self-circulation water pump, discharging the water and the silt through a water outlet end of the self-circulation water pump, slowly circulating the water and the silt in the whole calibration barrel until a relatively uniform and stable concentration field is formed, then extending an ultrasonic measuring probe with known working frequency into the calibration barrel and fixing the ultrasonic measuring probe, setting various parameters to enable a clear and complete waveform to appear on a screen, starting data acquisition, after the data acquisition is finished, adding a certain amount of silt with the same diameter into the calibration barrel again, acquiring the sand-containing concentration by using the ultrasonic measuring probe again, thereby acquiring the sand-containing data of the water with different concentrations, then pouring out and cleaning the water and the silt in the calibration barrel, and then using the same method to perform ultrasonic data of the silt with the other particle size under different concentrations, after the silt data detection is finished, the ultrasonic data of impurities, plants and animals in the water body are measured and extracted by the same method respectively to obtain the ultrasonic data of different articles in the water area to be detected, and finally, a plurality of substances are arranged and combined and are respectively placed into a calibration barrel for data acquisition.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of measuring the grading of the sand content comprises: the measurement and checking method in the step S3 comprises the following steps: putting various organisms, various plants, water bodies, impurities in the water bodies and silt with different particle sizes in the water bodies in the samples into the water bodies together, implanting an ultrasonic detection probe into a calibration barrel to detect the concentration of the water bodies, automatically calculating the sand content grading data in the water bodies and the data of animals and plants in the water bodies in the system on the basis of the obtained inversion relation of the sand content and the grading, calculating the adverse effect of the presence of the animals, the plants and the impurities in the water bodies on the sand content grading measurement process, comparing the sand content grading data known in the samples with the data of the animals and the plants in the water bodies and the measurement result, and re-measuring by using the method if the result has larger deviation until the result has no larger deviation.
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