CN113092334A - Multi-stratum permeability tensor measuring device - Google Patents
Multi-stratum permeability tensor measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113092334A CN113092334A CN202110298237.2A CN202110298237A CN113092334A CN 113092334 A CN113092334 A CN 113092334A CN 202110298237 A CN202110298237 A CN 202110298237A CN 113092334 A CN113092334 A CN 113092334A
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- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 127
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013100 final test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of deep engineering measurement, in particular to a multi-stratum permeability tensor measuring device which comprises packers, water injection pipes and a testing assembly, wherein the testing assembly comprises a water permeability testing cylinder, a radiation wall and a tester, a testing area is defined by the adjacent packers, the inner wall of a drilling well and the outer wall of the testing cylinder, a plurality of radiation walls used for dividing the testing area into a plurality of sub-testing areas are arranged in the testing area, the tester is arranged in the sub-testing areas, and a water outlet end of one water injection pipe is arranged in each testing cylinder. The multi-stratum permeability tensor measuring device divides a drilling well into a plurality of closed cavities by using a packer, divides the closed cavities into a water injection area and a plurality of sub-test areas by using a test cylinder and a radiation wall, and is internally provided with a tester so as to calculate the permeability tensor of the outer side wall of each sub-test area through the data of the tester; the multi-stratum permeability tensor measuring device realizes the simultaneous measurement of different stratums and the simultaneous measurement of permeability of the same stratum in different directions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of deep-ground engineering measurement, in particular to a multi-stratum permeability tensor measuring device.
Background
In the current deep engineering, the knowledge of the stratum environment of a research section cannot be separated from various construction and scientific research works, the test data of the permeability tensor of rocks at various depths of the stratum is related to the smooth development of various scientific research and engineering application works, and the key is that how to measure the permeability tensor of the rocks at various depths of the stratum is very important.
Currently, the main method for permeability measurement of formation rock is to perform the following on a formation rock sample: and (3) measuring the permeability of the rock core or the model in a laboratory by a constant-current method, a constant-pressure method, a transient pulse method and the like. In-situ permeability coefficient measurement is also tested by adopting similar principles and methods, but at present, the permeability coefficient can only be tested in a single layer, and cannot be simultaneously measured in multiple layers. The actual stratum permeability parameters are anisotropic, and the permeability coefficients of different depths of the stratum are also different, so that the current technology cannot meet the requirements. Particularly, the permeability tensor cannot be measured in the stratum with large variation of permeability coefficient.
The existing method can not measure the in-situ permeability tensor in the stratum, can not simultaneously measure the in-situ permeability tensor of multiple regions on the same layer, and has errors in the test of multiple sets of strata.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing method in the prior art can not measure the in-situ permeability tensor in the stratum, can not simultaneously test the in-situ permeability tensor of multiple strata, can not simultaneously measure the permeability tensor of multiple areas on the same layer, and has errors in the tests in multiple sets of strata.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a multi-formation permeability tensor measuring device, which comprises a packer transversely arranged in a well for vertically dividing the well into a plurality of closed cavities, a water injection pipe and a test assembly arranged in the closed cavities, the testing assembly comprises a water permeability testing cylinder, a radiant wall and a tester which are coaxially arranged with the drilling well, the upper end and the lower end of the testing cylinder are hermetically attached to the packer, a testing area is defined by the adjacent packer, the inner wall of the drilling well and the outer wall of the testing cylinder, a plurality of radiation walls used for dividing the test area into a plurality of sub test areas are arranged in the test area, the planes of the radiation walls are intersected with the axis of the well, the tester is arranged in the sub-test area, and a water outlet end of the water injection pipe is arranged in each test cylinder.
Preferably, the outer walls of the radiation wall and the testing cylinder of the permeability tensor measuring device are in a contraction state before testing, and the radiation wall and the outer wall of the testing cylinder are clung to the inner wall of the drill when the packer is set, so that the water flow injected into the testing cylinder and flowing to the inner wall of the drill is more stable
Preferably, the tester comprises a pressure sensor, a flow sensor and a magnetic direction sensor, and the pressure tester is arranged at the inlet of the water injection pipe.
Preferably, the water outlet end of the water injection pipe is arranged at the center of the test cylinder, and/or a plurality of radiation walls for uniformly dividing the test area into a plurality of sub-test areas are arranged in the test area.
Preferably, the multi-formation permeability tensor measuring device comprises an operation controller, wherein the operation controller comprises a pressure control assembly for injecting the set pressure liquid into the water injection pipe and a monitoring control assembly for monitoring the tester and the pressure tester.
Preferably, the monitoring control assembly comprises a monitor, and the monitor is connected with the tester and the pressure tester through a data acquisition line.
Preferably, the pressure control assembly comprises a pressure source and an energy storage container which are sequentially connected, and the inlet end of the water injection pipe is connected with the outlet end of the energy storage container.
Preferably, a second control valve is arranged on one side of the inlet end of the water injection pipe, and the energy storage container, the pressure tester and the second control valve are sequentially connected.
Preferably, the pressure source is a high pressure booster pump.
Preferably, the pressure source is connected with the energy storage container through a driving pipe, and a first control valve is arranged on the driving pipe.
Preferably, eight of said radiant walls are included.
The multi-stratum permeability tensor measuring device provided by the invention has the advantages that a packer is utilized to divide a drilling well into a plurality of closed cavities, the closed cavities are divided into a water injection area and a plurality of sub-test areas by utilizing a test cylinder and a radiation wall, the radiation wall conducts flow guide on fluid injected into the well from the ground through a water outlet according to the requirement of the test direction, the inner wall and the outer wall of the test cylinder are made of water-permeable materials, and the flow of the fluid is basically not influenced by a plurality of water-permeable openings. Testers are arranged in the sub-testing areas, and the permeability coefficient and permeability tensor of the stratum on the aspect of the outer side wall of the sub-testing area are calculated through data of the testers; the multi-stratum permeability tensor measuring device realizes that the permeability of different stratums needs to be measured simultaneously and the permeability of the same stratum in different directions is measured simultaneously, and reduces the error of the permeability tensor multiple measurement calculation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-formation permeability tensor measurement apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the test assembly of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the operation controller in fig. 1.
Description of the reference numerals
1-drilling, 2-packer, 3-testing component, 4-data acquisition line, 5-water injection pipe, 6-operation controller, 7-monitor, 8-pressure source, 9-energy storage container, 10-pressure tester, 11-first control valve, 12-second control valve, 13-driving pipe, 31-testing cylinder, 32-radiant wall, 33-tester, and 100-ground.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
The invention provides a multi-formation permeability tensor measuring device, which comprises a packer 2, a water injection pipe 5 and a testing assembly 3, wherein the packer 2, the water injection pipe 5 and the testing assembly 3 are transversely arranged in a drilling well 1 and are used for vertically dividing the drilling well 1 into a plurality of closed cavities in sequence, the testing assembly 3 is arranged in the closed cavities and comprises a water permeability testing cylinder 31, a radiation wall 32 and a tester 33, the water permeability testing cylinder 31 and the drilling well 1 are coaxially arranged, the upper end and the lower end of the testing cylinder 31 are hermetically attached to the packer 2, a testing area is defined by the adjacent packer 2, the inner wall of the drilling well 1 and the outer wall of the testing cylinder 31, a plurality of radiation walls 32 used for dividing the testing area into a plurality of sub-testing areas are arranged in the testing area, the planes of the plurality of radiation walls 32 intersect with the axis of the drilling well 1, and the tester 33 is arranged in the sub, the water outlet end of the water injection pipe 5 is arranged in each testing cylinder 31.
According to the multi-stratum permeability tensor measuring device, the radiation wall is arranged on the wall body between the inner wall and the outer wall of the testing cylinder, and the waterproof material is adopted, so that the testing area in the inner wall and the outer wall of the testing cylinder can be equally separated, and the flow direction of liquid in the testing area can be guided in a fixed direction; the tester is arranged in the center of the sub-test area and can feed back the environmental change in the underground test cylinder, a water outlet end of one water injection pipe which does not affect the formation test effect and can allow water to freely circulate in the test area is arranged in each test cylinder, and high-pressure liquid enters the test area from the inner wall of the water inlet cylinder of the water outlet and flows through the radiation wall to be in contact with the tester during testing and then is in contact with the test formation through the test cylinders to be subjected to seepage.
In the using process of the multi-stratum permeability tensor measuring device, liquid is injected into the testing cylinder 31 through the water injection pipe 5, the testing cylinder 31 has water permeability, and the liquid enters each sub-testing area through the testing cylinder 31 to form horizontal flow in each sub-testing area. Data collection is performed by the testers 33 of the sub-test zones to calculate the permeability tensor of the borehole sidewall for each sub-test zone. The multi-stratum permeability tensor measuring device provided by the invention has the advantages that a packer is utilized to divide a drilling well into a plurality of closed cavities, the closed cavities are divided into a water injection area and a plurality of sub-test areas by utilizing a test cylinder and a radiation wall, the radiation wall conducts flow guide on fluid injected into the well from the ground through a water outlet according to the requirement of the test direction, the inner wall and the outer wall of the test cylinder are made of water-permeable materials, and the flow of the fluid is basically not influenced by a plurality of water-permeable openings. Testers are arranged in the sub-testing areas, and the permeability coefficient and permeability tensor of the stratum in the aspect of the outer side wall direction of the sub-testing areas are calculated through data of the testers (after multiple times of test conversion); the multi-stratum permeability tensor measuring device realizes the simultaneous measurement of different stratums, the simultaneous measurement of permeability of the same stratum in different directions and repeated convenient measurement, and reduces the error of the multiple measurement calculation of the permeability tensor.
Preferably, the tester 33 includes a pressure sensor, a flow sensor and a magnetic orientation sensor, and the pressure tester 10 is provided at the inlet of the water injection pipe 5. The measured data of the pressure tester 10, the pressure sensor and the flow sensor can draw curves according to time change, and stratum permeability and horizontal permeability coefficient tensors of different orientations of each depth stratum can be calculated according to the data recorded by the curves; and the permeability coefficient and horizontal permeability coefficient tensor average value of the multiple experimental data is the final test result. In the testing process, the permeability and the coefficient of the tested stratum in different directions can be obtained through data of changes of the ground pressure and the pressure of the tested stratum under the drilling well, the pressure difference between the ground and the tested stratum, flow changes and the change of the magnetic azimuth angle, and the permeability and the coefficient can be converted into a permeability tensor through multiple tests according to the test data.
Preferably, the water outlet end of the water injection pipe 5 is disposed at the center of the testing cylinder 31, and/or a plurality of radiation walls 32 for uniformly dividing the testing area into a plurality of sub-testing areas are disposed in the testing area. The uniformly-separated sub-test areas can reduce experimental variables, so that the formation permeability of each depth stratum and different directions of each depth stratum can be obtained regularly and accurately, and the error of the permeability tensor conversion can be reduced by the multidirectional permeability test; the water outlet end of the water injection pipe 5 is arranged at the center of the testing cylinder 31, so that water can uniformly permeate into each sub-testing area through the testing cylinder 31, the experimental variables of each sub-testing area are reduced, and the measurement data of each sub-testing area is more accurate. Preferably, the tester 33 is disposed at the center of the sub-test zones to accurately measure the liquid flow and pressure of the sub-test zones. Except that the radiation wall is made of a waterproof material, the inner wall and the outer wall of the testing cylinder are made of a permeable material and are provided with a plurality of permeable ports which do not influence the water flow.
Preferably, the multi-formation permeability tensor measuring device comprises an operation controller 6, wherein the operation controller 6 comprises a pressure control assembly for injecting the liquid with set pressure into the water injection pipe 5 and a monitoring control assembly for monitoring the testers 33 and 10. The pressure control assembly is used for injecting liquid with set pressure into the water injection pipe 5, and the monitoring assembly is used for monitoring data of the tester 33 and the pressure tester 10; the pressure tester 10 can display the real-time pressure of the liquid, and is convenient for monitoring the water injection pressure of the pressure control assembly. As shown in fig. 1, the operation controller 6 is generally placed on the ground 100.
Preferably, the monitoring control assembly comprises a monitor 7, and the monitor 7 is connected with the tester 33 and the pressure tester 10 through a data acquisition line 4. The monitor 7 is connected with the tester 33 and the pressure tester 10 through the data acquisition line 4, so that the tester 33 and the pressure tester 10 can be more accurately and quickly transmitted to the monitor 7, and the monitor 7 can accurately record and immediately check the measurement data. The operation controller controls the test of the experimental device of the underground device on the ground, liquid (purified water) with pressure through the operation controller enters a testing cylinder in a testing stratum of the packer setting through the pressure control assembly and the water injection pipe, and the ground injection pressure, the pressure in the underground testing cylinder and the magnetic azimuth data in the whole injection process can be monitored and recorded through the monitoring assembly.
Preferably, the pressure control assembly comprises a pressure source 8 and an energy storage container 9 which are connected in sequence, and the inlet end of the water injection pipe 5 is connected with the outlet end of the energy storage container 9. Before measurement, the pressure source 8 charges the energy storage container 9, and when the pressure in the energy storage container 9 reaches a set pressure, the outlet end of the energy storage container 9 is opened to inject liquid with the set pressure into the water injection pipe 5. The energy storage container can store high-pressure fluid output by the pressure source, a buffer effect can be realized between the pressure source and the underground testing device, the flow number and the pressure of the output fluid can be controlled according to the underground testing requirement under the high pressure in the energy storage container, the pressure output can be stabilized, and the pressure output can be changed.
Preferably, a second control valve 12 is arranged on one side of the inlet end of the water injection pipe 5, and the energy storage container 9, the pressure tester 10 and the second control valve 12 are sequentially connected. The second control valve 12 can control whether the pressure-fixing liquid in the energy storage container 9 is released or not, the pressure tester 10 can measure the pressure at the outlet end of the energy storage container 9 in real time, and when the pressure tester 10 shows that the pressure reaches a set value, the second control valve 12 is opened to release the pressure-fixing liquid to the water injection pipe 5.
Preferably, the pressure source 8 is a high pressure booster pump. The high-pressure booster pump enables the pressure of liquid injected into the water injection pipe 5 to have a wider selectable range, different pressures can properly correspond to different geology for carrying out experiments, and the multi-stratum permeability tensor measuring device has stronger adaptability. The high-pressure pressurizing pump pressurizes fluid (such as purified water) to the pressure required by the test experiment (the pressure adjustment range is 0-100 MPa).
Preferably, the pressure source 8 is connected to the energy storage container 9 through a driving pipe 13, and a first control valve 11 is disposed on the driving pipe 13. The first control valve 11 is used for controlling whether the driving pipe 13 is communicated or not, namely, controlling the communication between the pressure source 8 and the energy storage container 9, so that the safety of the multi-stratum permeability tensor measuring device is improved.
Preferably, eight of said radiant walls 32 are included. The eight radiation walls 32 can measure the permeability tensors of eight directions of the same stratum, so that the permeability tensors of different directions of the same stratum can be accurately grasped, and the experimental accuracy is improved. The number of the radiation walls 32 can be selected according to experimental requirements.
Installing the device according to the multi-formation permeability tensor measuring device shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, wherein the water injection pipe 5 is used for exhausting gas in the pipe before installation, the second control valve 12 and the monitor 7 are opened, energy is stored in the energy storage container 9 by using the pressure source 8, the pressure tester 10 displays the outlet pressure of the energy storage container 9 through the monitor 7, and the first control valve 11 is opened when a set value is reached; a liquid of set pressure is discharged into the center of each test cylinder 31 through the water injection pipe 5, and the monitor 7 records the values of the tester 33 and the pressure tester 10. And repeating the steps for 4-6 times, drawing the variation curves of the inlet pressure of the water injection pipe, the pressure of the sub-test area and the flow of the sub-test area along with time according to the readings of the pressure tester 10 and the tester 33, and calculating to obtain the formation permeability and the horizontal permeability coefficient tensor of different directions of the formation at different depths, wherein the average value of the permeability coefficient and the horizontal permeability coefficient tensor of the multiple times of experimental data is the final test result. The packer 2 may be arranged as an inflatable packer, for example, a packer comprising a circular plate and an annular balloon arranged outside the circular plate. The air bag can be used for setting a well in an inflated state, the air bag can be taken out of the well in a shriveled state, and the deep stratum test can be used for setting a hydraulic packer in the field of oilfield exploitation. As shown in fig. 1, in order to ensure the accuracy of the measurement, the bottommost well should be provided with a packer 2. The liquid injected into the water injection pipe 5 may be water or other suitable liquid.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention. Including each of the specific features, are combined in any suitable manner. The invention is not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessary repetition. Such simple modifications and combinations should be considered within the scope of the present disclosure as well.
Claims (10)
1. The multi-stratum permeability tensor measuring device is characterized by comprising a packer (2) which is transversely arranged inside a drilling well (1) and used for sequentially separating the drilling well (1) into a plurality of closed cavities in the vertical direction, a water injection pipe (5) and a testing assembly (3) which is arranged in the closed cavities, wherein the testing assembly (3) comprises a water permeability testing cylinder (31), a radiation wall (32) and a tester (33) which are coaxially arranged with the drilling well (1), the upper end and the lower end of the testing cylinder (31) are hermetically attached to the packer (2), the inner wall of the drilling well (1) and the outer wall of the testing cylinder (31) define a testing area, the testing area is internally provided with a plurality of radiation walls (32) which are used for separating the testing area into a plurality of sub-testing areas, and the planes of the radiation walls (32) intersect with the axis of the drilling well (1), the tester (33) is arranged in the sub-test area, and a water outlet end of the water injection pipe (5) is arranged in each test cylinder (31).
2. The multi-formation permeability tensor measurement device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the tester (33) comprises a pressure sensor, a flow sensor and a magnetic orientation sensor, and a pressure tester (10) is provided at the inlet of the water injection pipe (5).
3. The multi-formation permeability tensor measurement device according to claim 2, wherein the water outlet end of the water injection pipe (5) is arranged at the center of the test cylinder (31), and/or a plurality of the radiation walls (32) for uniformly dividing the test area into a plurality of sub-test areas of the same size are arranged in the test area.
4. The multi-formation permeability tensor measurement device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that it comprises an operating controller (6), the operating controller (6) comprising a pressure control assembly for injecting a fluid at a set pressure into the water injection pipe (5) and a monitoring control assembly for monitoring the tester (33), the pressure tester (10).
5. The multi-formation permeability tensor measurement device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the monitor control assembly comprises a monitor (7), the monitor (7) is connected with the tester (33) and the pressure tester (10) through data acquisition lines (4).
6. The multi-formation permeability tensor measurement device according to claim 5, wherein the pressure control assembly comprises a pressure source (8) and an energy storage container (9) which are connected in sequence, and the inlet end of the water injection pipe (5) is connected with the outlet end of the energy storage container (9).
7. The multi-formation permeability tensor measurement device according to claim 6, characterized in that a second control valve (12) is arranged at one side of the inlet end of the water injection pipe (5), and the energy storage container (9), the pressure tester (10) and the second control valve (12) are connected in sequence.
8. The multi-formation permeability tensor measurement device according to claim 7, characterized in that the pressure source (8) is a high pressure booster pump.
9. The multi-formation permeability tensor measurement device according to claim 8, characterized in that the pressure source (8) is connected with the energy storage container (9) through a driving pipe (13), and a first control valve (11) is arranged on the driving pipe (13).
10. The multi-formation permeability tensor measurement device according to claim 2, characterized by comprising eight of the radiation walls (32).
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN202110298237.2A CN113092334A (en) | 2021-03-19 | 2021-03-19 | Multi-stratum permeability tensor measuring device |
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| CN202110298237.2A CN113092334A (en) | 2021-03-19 | 2021-03-19 | Multi-stratum permeability tensor measuring device |
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| CN202471558U (en) * | 2012-03-08 | 2012-10-03 | 长沙理工大学 | In-situ testing device for anisotropic osmotic coefficient of rock body |
| CN203889251U (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2014-10-22 | 上海集成电路研发中心有限公司 | Anti-eddy liquid discharging device |
| CN110044799A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-07-23 | 河南理工大学 | Heterogeneous coal-bearing series note nitrogen dust trajectory and permeability test device and method |
| CN110887776A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-03-17 | 江西省科学院能源研究所 | Device and method for measuring horizontal/vertical permeability of hydrate-containing reservoir |
| CN111337411A (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2020-06-26 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method and device for testing radial permeability of full-diameter shale |
| US20210003003A1 (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2021-01-07 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Drill stem testing |
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2021
- 2021-03-19 CN CN202110298237.2A patent/CN113092334A/en active Pending
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| CN2382028Y (en) * | 1998-11-16 | 2000-06-07 | 马建国 | Dynamic casing well tester |
| US20030234120A1 (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2003-12-25 | Paluch William C. | Drilling formation tester, apparatus and methods of testing and monitoring status of tester |
| CN201032480Y (en) * | 2007-01-12 | 2008-03-05 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Testing device of anisotropic permeability |
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Application publication date: 20210709 |