CN113092314A - Super-hydrophobic surface resistance reduction performance testing device under high flow rate - Google Patents
Super-hydrophobic surface resistance reduction performance testing device under high flow rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN113092314A CN113092314A CN202110297257.8A CN202110297257A CN113092314A CN 113092314 A CN113092314 A CN 113092314A CN 202110297257 A CN202110297257 A CN 202110297257A CN 113092314 A CN113092314 A CN 113092314A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 230000003075 superhydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005536 corrosion prevention Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M10/00—Hydrodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on ship-testing tanks or water tunnels
Abstract
The invention discloses a device for testing the drag reduction performance of a super-hydrophobic surface at a high flow rate, which comprises a centrifugal pump 1, a sleeve type test flow channel and a double-water-tank liquid level control system which are sequentially connected end to end through a pipeline, wherein the sleeve type test flow channel is also connected with a computer receiving system. The device is easy to replace and overhaul the inner core model, spray and clean the super-hydrophobic material; the method shortens the total operation time of the drag reduction performance detection of the super-hydrophobic surface and saves time; the invention maintains the relative stability of the liquid level height, reduces the influence of fluid flow disturbance at the inlet of the centrifugal pump and improves the accuracy of test data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of surface resistance reduction performance testing, and relates to a device for testing the resistance reduction performance of a super-hydrophobic surface at a high flow rate.
Background
The surface of the super-hydrophobic material has good application prospect in the field of marine drag reduction due to excellent self-cleaning, corrosion prevention, anti-icing and drag reduction performances. During fluid flow, there is resistance to the surrounding interface due to its own viscosity. The flow velocity and the resistance are in positive correlation, and the larger the flow velocity is, the larger the resistance is. The application of the super-hydrophobic material in the ocean field is often in a high-flow-rate working environment. Therefore, the testing of the drag reduction performance of the super-hydrophobic material at high flow rate is of great significance.
The research on the drag reduction performance of the super-hydrophobic material is mainly developed from the aspects of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, test experiment and the like. At present, the resistance reduction performance test experiments mainly comprise a water tunnel experiment, an underwater dragging experiment, a pipeline resistance reduction experiment and a small water tank simulation experiment. At present, the existing experimental test method has the following limitations:
(1) the water speed of the working section of the current water tunnel experiment and underwater towing experiment is 0-18m/s, but the laboratory construction cost is high, the test cost is high, and the operation and the routine maintenance are relatively complex;
(2) in a pipeline resistance reduction experiment for a laboratory, a test model cannot be quickly replaced under the condition of starting the device, and the high flow rate of the test is relatively low;
(3) the laboratory is with small-size basin simulation experiment, because its plane undersize, the velocity of flow is lower, numerical error is great, is not suitable for the test condition of high velocity of flow.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for testing the drag reduction performance of a super-hydrophobic surface at a high flow rate, and solves the problems of high experiment cost and inaccurate experiment result in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the device for testing the drag reduction performance of the super-hydrophobic surface at high flow rate is characterized by comprising a centrifugal pump 1, a sleeve type test flow channel and a double-water-tank liquid level control system which are sequentially connected end to end through a pipeline, wherein the sleeve type test flow channel is also connected with a computer receiving system.
The invention is also characterized in that:
the casing pipe type test flow channel comprises a turbine flowmeter, one end of the turbine flowmeter is connected with one end of a centrifugal pump, the other end of the turbine flowmeter is connected with one end of a test pipeline main body, the other end of the test pipeline main body is connected with a double-water-tank liquid level control system, a throttling valve is arranged on a pipeline between the centrifugal pump and the turbine flowmeter, a first valve is arranged on a pipeline between the turbine flowmeter and the test pipeline main body, and a second valve and a fourth valve are sequentially arranged on a pipeline between the test pipeline main body and the double-water.
The test pipeline main part includes the outer tube, and the outer tube is inside to be equipped with the inner core model, and the inner core model is both ends confined hollow pipe fitting, and the test pipeline main part is connected one end with turbine flowmeter and is equipped with fluid inlet, and the other end is equipped with fluid outlet, and fluid inlet and fluid outlet all are connected with the test pipeline main part through the pipeline interface, and the outer tube top is equipped with first pressure measurement hole and second pressure measurement hole, all is equipped with pressure sensor on first pressure measurement hole and the second pressure measurement hole.
The test device is characterized by further comprising a bypass pipeline, wherein the bypass pipeline is connected in parallel with a pipeline formed by the first valve, the test pipeline main body 5 and the second valve, and comprises a shunt pipe and a third valve arranged on the shunt pipe.
The double-water-tank liquid level control system comprises a main water tank, wherein one end of the main water tank is connected with the other end of the centrifugal pump, the other end of the main water tank is connected with an auxiliary water tank, a sixth valve is arranged on a pipeline between the centrifugal pump and the main water tank, a fifth valve is arranged on a pipeline between the main water tank and the auxiliary water tank, the main water tank is further connected with a drain pipe, and a drain valve is arranged on the.
The main water tank and the auxiliary water tank are both provided with thermometers.
The computer receiving system comprises an instrument cabinet connected with the sleeve type test flow channel, and the instrument cabinet is connected with the display terminal.
The outer tube is made of 80% transparent PVE tube, and the inner core model is made of stainless steel, aluminum alloy, ceramic or glass.
The first and second pressure taps are located at the top of the outer tube, respectively, from the length of the outer tube at the fluid inlet and fluid outlet 1/6.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the device is easy to replace and overhaul the inner core model, and spray and clean the super-hydrophobic material; the method shortens the total operation time of the drag reduction performance detection of the super-hydrophobic surface and saves time; the invention maintains the relative stability of the liquid level height, reduces the influence of fluid flow disturbance at the inlet of the centrifugal pump and improves the accuracy of test data.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for testing the drag reduction performance of a super-hydrophobic surface at a high flow rate according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram and a cross-sectional view of a pipeline body of the device for testing the drag reduction performance of the superhydrophobic surface at a high flow rate of the invention.
In the figure, 1, a centrifugal pump, 2, a throttle valve, 3, a turbine flowmeter, 4, a first valve, 5, a test pipeline main body, 6, a second valve, 7, a third valve, 8, a fourth valve, 9, an auxiliary water tank, 10, a fifth valve, 11, a drain valve, 12, a main water tank, 13, a sixth valve, 14, a thermometer, 15, an instrument cabinet, 16, a display terminal, 17, a fluid inlet, 18, a pipeline interface, 19, a first pressure measuring hole, 20, fluid, 21, an inner core model, 22, a second pressure measuring hole, 23 and a fluid outlet are arranged.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention relates to a device for testing the drag reduction performance of a super-hydrophobic surface at a high flow rate, which comprises a centrifugal pump 1, a sleeve type testing flow channel and a double-water-tank liquid level control system which are sequentially connected end to end through a pipeline, wherein the sleeve type testing flow channel is also connected with a computer receiving system, the sleeve type testing flow channel comprises a turbine flowmeter 3, one end of the turbine flowmeter 3 is connected with one end of the centrifugal pump 1, the other end of the turbine flowmeter 3 is connected with one end of a testing pipeline main body 5, the other end of the testing pipeline main body 5 is connected with the double-water-tank liquid level control system, a throttling valve 2 is arranged on the pipeline between the centrifugal pump 1 and the turbine flowmeter 3, a first valve 4 is arranged on the pipeline between the turbine flowmeter 3 and the testing pipeline main body 5, a second valve 6 and a fourth valve 8 are sequentially arranged on the pipeline, the inside inner core model 21 that is equipped with of outer tube, be the passageway of high-speed fluid 20 between outer tube internal surface and the inner core model surface, inner core model 21 is both ends confined hollow pipe fitting, test pipeline main part 5 is connected one end with turbine flowmeter 3 and is equipped with fluid inlet 17, the other end is equipped with fluid outlet 23, fluid inlet 17 and fluid outlet 23 all are connected with test pipeline main part 5 through pipe connection 18, the outer tube top is equipped with first pressure cell 19 and second pressure cell 22, all be equipped with pressure sensor on first pressure cell 19 and the second pressure cell 22, through pressure sensorThe device leads data into a computer 16, and also comprises a bypass pipeline, the bypass pipeline is connected in parallel with a pipeline formed by a first valve 4, a test pipeline main body 5 and a second valve 6, the bypass pipeline comprises a shunt pipe and a third valve 7 arranged on the shunt pipe, the third valve 7 is closed under the working state, the first valve 4 and the second valve 6 are opened, water flows through the test pipeline main body 5, when an inner core model 21 is replaced, the third valve 7 is opened, the first valve 4 and the second valve 6 are closed, the rapid replacement of the tested inner core model is realized, the total operation time of the super-hydrophobic surface resistance reduction performance detection is shortened, the double-water-tank liquid level control system comprises a main water tank 12, one end of the main water tank 12 is connected with the other end of a centrifugal pump 1, the other end of the main water tank 12 is connected with an auxiliary water tank 9, a sixth valve 13 is arranged on the pipeline between the centrifugal pump 1 and the main water, the main water tank 12 is also connected with a water drainage pipe, the water drainage pipe is provided with a water drainage valve 11, thermometers 14 are respectively arranged on the main water tank 12 and the auxiliary water tank 9, a double-water-tank liquid level control system maintains the relative stability of the liquid level based on the principle of a communicating vessel, the influence of fluid flow at the inlet of the centrifugal pump is reduced, the precision of test data is improved, the thermometers record the liquid temperature in real time and display the precision reading to 0.1 ℃, a computer receiving system comprises an instrument cabinet 15 connected with a sleeve type test flow channel, the instrument cabinet 15 is connected with a display terminal 16, differential pressure data and flow data signals are input into the display terminal to realize the real-time detection of pressure and flow, the outer pipe is made of a transparent PVE pipe with the concentration of 80 percent, the two ends of the outer pipe are provided with plastic connectors with internal threads, the inner core model 21 is a hollow pipe with the two closed, adopting a 60-degree included angle three-pivot structural design, assembling the outer pipe and the inner core model to form a sleeve type test flow channel, and when the inner diameter r of the outer pipe is within the range of r1Inner core model outer diameter r2The cross-sectional area of the flow channel is reduced by 1/4-16/25 and the linear velocity is increased by 1.33-2.78 times when the flow channel is between 2:1 and 5:4, the design is easy to replace, overhaul, spray and clean the super-hydrophobic material of the inner core model, and the first pressure measuring hole 19 and the second pressure measuring hole 22 are respectively arranged at the top of the outer pipe and at the position away from the length of the 1/6 outer pipe of the fluid inlet 17 and the fluid outlet 23.
A sleeve type test flow channel design is adopted, the outer pipe and the inner core model are assembled to form a sleeve type test flow channel, the linear velocity of the fluid is increased to 1.33-2.78 times under the same flow rate during testing, and the inner core model shows that the anti-drag material is convenient to spray and remove; the bypass pipeline design based on the sleeve type test flow channel realizes the quick replacement of the tested inner core model under the starting condition, and the double water tanks are easy to accelerate the test process to achieve stability and accurate test results.
The device generally embodies the drag reduction rate based on the pipe pressure differential. The device is designed into a sleeve type test flow channel in consideration of the application condition and the improvement condition of the device. In order to meet the requirements of high flow rate, convenient replacement and water flow stability. The bypass design adopting the sleeve type test flow channel and the bypass design adopting the sleeve type test flow channel. The principle is as follows:
the device of the invention generally embodies the drag reduction rate based on the pipeline pressure difference, considers the application condition and the improvement condition of the device, designs the device into a sleeve type test flow channel, adopts the bypass design of the sleeve type test flow channel and the bypass design of the sleeve type test flow channel in order to meet the requirements of high flow rate, convenient replaceability and water flow stability, and has the following principle:
(1) design principle of test flow channel
The design of the telescopic test runner is based on the following principle, the cross sections of the outer pipe and the inner core model of the runner are reduced to a certain extent to improve the linear velocity of the fluid under the same flow rate, when the inner diameter r1 of the outer pipe and the outer diameter r2 of the inner core model range from 2:1 to 5:4, the cross section of the runner is reduced by about 1/4 to 16/25 and the linear velocity is increased by 1.33 to 2.78 times according to the formula (1) and (2).
Wherein V is the flow velocity, Q is the flow, A is the cross-sectional area of the pipeline;
(2) bypass design and liquid level control principle of test flow channel
By adopting a bypass design, closing the first valve and the second valve, opening the third valve, realizing the quick replacement of the measured inner core model, and carrying out a double-water-tank liquid level control design according to the basic principle of a communicating vessel;
(3) the relationship between the friction coefficient lambda and the pressure difference delta P can be calculated by utilizing the Darcy formula (3) and the Bernoulli equation (4), so that the drag reduction rate of the super-hydrophobic surface is calculated; the drag reduction ratio calculation formula is shown in formula (5):
the device of the invention has the following specific operation steps:
the method comprises the following steps: checking the tightness of the device, checking whether the pipeline has cracks, checking whether the computer can work normally, and checking whether water with the volume of 2/3 is filled in the main water tank and the auxiliary water tank;
step two: the components are installed in sequence as shown in figure 1; placing the inner core model to be tested without the super-hydrophobic surface treatment into a testing pipeline to ensure that the pipeline main body is kept in a horizontal state;
step three: starting the device, opening the centrifugal pump 1, and opening the sixth valve 13 and the throttle valve 2;
step four: transmitting the flow data and the pressure difference data to a computer receiving system, adjusting the throttle valve 2 to achieve the expected flow and ensure that the fluid is in a relatively stable state, and simultaneously recording the flow data and the pressure difference data;
step five: opening the third valve 7, closing the first valve 4 and the second valve 6, and taking down the test pipeline; placing the tested inner core model attached with the super-hydrophobic material into a testing pipeline and installing, opening a first valve 4 and a second valve 6, closing a third valve 7, adjusting a throttle valve 2 to achieve the expected flow and ensure that the fluid is in a relatively stable state, and recording the lower flow data and the pressure difference data; the drag reduction ratio is calculated according to the formula (6):
step six: and (5) ending the experiment, closing the centrifugal pump 1, draining the liquid in the pipeline, closing the sixth valve 13 and the throttling valve 2, and finishing the experiment.
The invention relates to a device for testing the drag reduction performance of a super-hydrophobic surface at a high flow rate, which has the advantages that:
(1) the design of the sleeve type test flow channel of the outer pipe-inner core model is as follows: the outer pipeline is made of 80% transparent PVE pipes, plastic joints with internal threads are arranged at two ends of the outer pipeline, the inner core model is a closed hollow pipe fitting with double supports made of materials such as stainless steel, aluminum alloy, ceramic, glass and the like, the ratio of the inner diameter of the outer pipe to the outer diameter of the inner core model is 2: 1-5: 4, the linear speed of fluid is improved, and meanwhile, the anti-drag material is conveniently sprayed and removed;
(2) the bypass design and the double-water-tank liquid level control system design of the sleeve type test flow channel are as follows:
the first valve and the second valve are closed, and the third valve is opened to enable fluid to pass through a bypass pipeline, so that the inner core model is quickly replaced, and the total operation time of resistance reduction performance detection is shortened; the double-water-tank liquid level control system effectively maintains the relative stability of the liquid level height, reduces the influence of fluid flow at the inlet of the centrifugal pump and improves the accuracy of test data.
Claims (9)
1. The device for testing the drag reduction performance of the super-hydrophobic surface at the high flow rate is characterized by comprising a centrifugal pump (1), a sleeve type test flow channel and a double-water-tank liquid level control system which are sequentially connected end to end through pipelines, wherein the sleeve type test flow channel is further connected with a computer receiving system.
2. The device for testing the drag reduction performance of the super-hydrophobic surface at the high flow rate according to claim 1, wherein the sleeve type test flow channel comprises a turbine flowmeter (3), one end of the turbine flowmeter (3) is connected with one end of a centrifugal pump (1), the other end of the turbine flowmeter is connected with one end of a test pipeline main body (5), the other end of the test pipeline main body (5) is connected with a double-water-tank liquid level control system, a throttling valve (2) is arranged on a pipeline between the centrifugal pump (1) and the turbine flowmeter (3), a first valve (4) is arranged on a pipeline between the turbine flowmeter (3) and the test pipeline main body (5), and a second valve (6) and a fourth valve (8) are sequentially arranged on a pipeline between the test pipeline main body (5) and the double-water-tank liquid level.
3. The device for testing the drag reduction performance of the superhydrophobic surface at the high flow speed according to claim 2, wherein the testing pipeline main body (5) comprises an outer pipe, an inner core model (21) is arranged inside the outer pipe, the inner core model (21) is a hollow pipe with two closed ends, a fluid inlet (17) is arranged at one end of the testing pipeline main body (5) connected with the turbine flowmeter (3), a fluid outlet (23) is arranged at the other end of the testing pipeline main body, the fluid inlet (17) and the fluid outlet (23) are both connected with the testing pipeline main body (5) through a pipeline interface (18), a first pressure measuring hole (19) and a second pressure measuring hole (22) are arranged at the top of the outer pipe, and pressure sensors are arranged on the first pressure measuring hole (19) and the second pressure measuring hole (22).
4. The device for testing the drag reduction performance of the superhydrophobic surface at the high flow rate according to claim 2, further comprising a bypass pipeline, wherein the bypass pipeline is connected in parallel with a pipeline formed by the first valve (4), the test pipeline main body (5) and the second valve (6), and comprises a shunt pipe and a third valve (7) arranged on the shunt pipe.
5. The device for testing the super-hydrophobic surface drag reduction performance at the high flow rate according to claim 1, wherein the dual-water-tank liquid level control system comprises a main water tank (12) with one end connected with the other end of the centrifugal pump (1), the other end of the main water tank (12) is connected with an auxiliary water tank (9), a sixth valve (13) is arranged on a pipeline between the centrifugal pump (1) and the main water tank (12), a fifth valve (10) is arranged on a pipeline between the main water tank (12) and the auxiliary water tank (9), the main water tank (12) is further connected with a drain pipe, and a drain valve (11) is arranged on the drain pipe.
6. The device for testing the drag reduction performance of the super-hydrophobic surface at the high flow rate according to claim 1, wherein thermometers (14) are arranged on the main water tank (12) and the auxiliary water tank (9).
7. The device for testing the drag reduction performance of the superhydrophobic surface at the high flow rate according to claim 1, wherein the computer receiving system comprises an instrument cabinet (15) connected with the sleeve type test flow channel, and the instrument cabinet (15) is connected with a display terminal (16).
8. The device for testing the drag reduction performance of the superhydrophobic surface at the high flow speed according to claim 3, wherein the outer tube is made of an 80% transparent PVE tube, and the inner core model (21) is made of stainless steel, aluminum alloy, ceramic or glass.
9. The device for testing the drag reduction performance of the superhydrophobic surface at the high flow speed according to claim 3, wherein the first pressure measuring hole (19) and the second pressure measuring hole (22) are respectively arranged at the top of the outer pipe and at the position away from the length of the outer pipe of the fluid inlet (17) and the fluid outlet (23) 1/6.
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