CN1130918A - Base fluids - Google Patents

Base fluids Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1130918A
CN1130918A CN94193371A CN94193371A CN1130918A CN 1130918 A CN1130918 A CN 1130918A CN 94193371 A CN94193371 A CN 94193371A CN 94193371 A CN94193371 A CN 94193371A CN 1130918 A CN1130918 A CN 1130918A
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China
Prior art keywords
acid
alcohol
base fluids
acid number
fluids
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Granted
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CN94193371A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1046757C (en
Inventor
N·A·库班
H·L·里菲
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Uniqema BV
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Uniqema BV
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Publication of CN1130918A publication Critical patent/CN1130918A/en
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    • C10M109/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C10M109/02—Reaction products
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    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/18—Ethers, e.g. epoxides
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    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32—Esters
    • C10M105/36—Esters of polycarboxylic acids
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    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32—Esters
    • C10M105/40—Esters containing free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
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    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M107/30—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M107/32—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Polyesters; Polyethers
    • C10M107/34—Polyoxyalkylenes
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    • C10M2201/02—Water
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    • C10M2205/22—Alkylation reaction products with aromatic type compounds, e.g. Friedel-crafts
    • C10M2205/223—Alkylation reaction products with aromatic type compounds, e.g. Friedel-crafts used as base material
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    • C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/247—Stainless steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
    • C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

A base fluid for hydraulic or metal working fluids comprises the esterification product having a hydroxyl number below 15 and an acid number below 10 of polymerized fatty acids and a monohydric alkoxylated alcohol, selected from (a) straight or branched chain saturated monohydric C1-C24 alcohols, alkoxylated with 2-25 moles of C2-C5 alkylene oxide and (b) alkoxy poly(alkylene) glycol estherified with C1-C4 aliphatic monohydric alcohol and which is alkoxylated with 2-25 moles of C2-C5 alkylene oxide, optionally the alcohol component also comprises (c) a straight or branched chain C1-C24 aliphatic monohydric alcohol. The acid number of the crude ester is preferably reduced by reacting it with a glycidyl ester of a C5-C22 aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, preferably a C6-C12 branched chain, aliphatic monocarboxylic acid.

Description

Base fluids
The present invention relates to contain the base fluids of hydraulic flow this or metal working fluids of the specific esterification products of significant quantity.
So-called " hydraulic fluid " is meant and is used for hydraulicefficiency machinery in this specification sheets and appending claims, as the fluid of the hydraulic set of automatic speed-changing system, operating device and the similar operations of braking equipment, bump leveller, automobile.These hydraulic fluids also can be the emulsion forms of water and oil.
So-called " metal working fluids " is meant the machining operations that is particularly useful for (but being not limited to) metal in this specification sheets and appending claims, as the fluid of operations such as turning, milling, boring, grinding, punching press, deep-draw.This metalloid process fluid also can be the form of the emulsion of water and oil.
The base fluids of hydraulic fluid should satisfy many requirements, good as oilness, good, very little to the swelling action of (synthesizing) rubber with the consistency of other industrial hydraulic fluid that is easy to get, metal is not had burn into boiling point or flash-point height, freezing point low as much as possible, environmentally safe (preferably biodegradable), and no matter be that steam or liquid all should be harmless to HUMAN HEALTH.Obviously, so many requirement (sometimes or even conflicting) is to be difficult to satisfy.
Past had proposed the base fluids based on the hydraulic fluid of polyalkylene glycol, but this fluid is hygroscopic, owing to absorb water from environment, caused flash-point to reduce.
US Patent specification US-A-2,755,251 (Atlas powder companies) also propose to use C 3-C 10Aliphatic diol, C 4-C 8The reaction product of the propylene oxide of monoalkylglycols ether and linoleic acid dimer and 20-35 mole is prepared hydraulic fluid as base fluids.But these products remain hygroscopic.
German patent application DE-A-2,426,925 (Institut Francais duP é trole) propose, with 10-40% (weight) by dimerization or trimer acid and contain 15-99% (mole) by 2-50 mole C 2-C 3Oxyalkylene and C 1-C 25Aliphatic monohydric alcohol condensation the monohydroxy ether and 85-1% (mole) C that obtain 1-C 25The ester that the mixture of aliphatic monohydric alcohol generates joins in the solvent-refined paraffinic hydrocarbon lubricating oil.It is said that this complex ester can improve the viscosity of lubricating oil, therefore it is joined in the lubricating oil and just can prepare general motor oil.
In addition, this metal working fluids also is disclosed in US Patent specification US-A-4, and in 172,802 (the Cincinnati Milacron companies), this patent has been described and contained water and by dimerization or trimerization C 8-C 26Unsaturated fatty acids and with the end capped diester of the formed carboxylic acid group of the polyoxyalkylene diols of two secondary alcohol end groups, or the metal working fluids composition of an alkali metal salt of described diester or organic ammonium salt.
Have now found that the unsaturated C of polymeric 12-C 24Lipid acid and alkoxylate monohydroxy-alcohol, randomly the esterification products with the mixture of saturated monohydroxy alcohol is a kind of hydraulic fluid of excellence or the base fluids of metal working fluids, can be directly used in or be used for conventional hydraulic fluid or metal working fluids with significant quantity, it also can be the form of oil and water-in-oil emulsion.
Therefore, the present invention relates to a kind of acid number that contains and be lower than 10, hydroxyl value is lower than the hydraulic fluid of 15 esterification products or the base fluids of metal working fluids, and it is obtained after esterification by following ingredients:
(a) be selected from the unsaturated C of polymeric of dimeracid, trimer acid, hydrogenated dimer acids, hydrogenation trimer acid and composition thereof 12-C 24Lipid acid and
(b) be selected from following alkoxylate monohydroxy-alcohol:
(1) with 2-25 mole C 2-C 5Alkylene oxide is oxyalkylated, have 1-24 carbon atom, the saturated monohydroxy alcohol of straight or branched and
(2) alkoxyl group polyalkylene glycol, wherein a hydroxyl in two terminal hydroxy group is used by 2-25 mole C 2-C 3The oxyalkylated C of alkylene oxide 1-C 4Aliphatic monohydric alcohol etherificate and optional
(C) contain the saturated monohydroxy alcohol of the straight or branched of 1-24 carbon atom.
The acid number of esterification products is preferably by british patent specification GB-A-1, and 227,748 described methods are by being reduced to desired value with esterification products and glycidyl ester reaction.The unsaturated C of polymeric 12-C 24Lipid acid can be selected from dimeracid (as Pripol 1013,1017 or 1022 (trade(brand)names), available from Unichema Chemie BV, Gouda, Holland), trimer acid, hydrogenated dimer acids are (as Pripol 1009 or 1025 (trade(brand)name), available from Unichema Chemie BV, Gouda, Holland), hydrogen trimer acid and composition thereof.If desired, dimeracid and trimer acid can distill before their hydrogenation or after the hydrogenation.Preferably use trimer acid (as Pripol 1040 (trade(brand)name), available from Unichema Chemie BV, Gouda, Holland).
Oxyalkylated monohydroxy-alcohol can be selected from:
(1) uses the 2-25 mole, preferred 6-12 mole C 2-C 5Alkylene oxide, as the oxyalkylated saturated monohydroxy alcohol that contains the straight or branched of 1-24 carbon atom of the mixture of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, oxybutylene and these alkylene oxides.Their molecular weight is preferably 200-2000, more preferably 300-1000.This monohydroxy-alcohol for example can be methyl alcohol, Virahol, octanol, decyl alcohol, isooctyl alcohol etc.Also can be with the mixture of these alcohols, Synpro alcohol (trade(brand)name for example, available from the saturated synthetic primary alcohol mixture of Britain ICI PLC, it is obtained by the linear alpha-olefins carbonylation) and Synpro/91 (trade(brand)name is available from the saturated synthetic primary alcohol mixture of Britain ICI PLC).
(2) alkoxyl group polyalkylene glycol, wherein a hydroxyl in two terminal hydroxy group is with containing the 2-25 mole, preferred 6-12 mole C 2-C 5Alkylene oxide is as the C of the mixture of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, oxybutylene and these alkylene oxides 1-C 4Aliphatic monohydric alcohol such as methyl alcohol or butanols " are sealed " or etherificate.The molecular-weight average of this glycol is preferably 200-2000, more preferably 300-1000.
Alkoxide component in the esterification can randomly use the mixture of component (b) and second component (c), and second component (c) is to contain 1-24, the saturated monohydroxy alcohol of the straight or branched of preferred 1-14 carbon atom.The example of this alcohol has methyl alcohol, butanols, Virahol, isooctyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol and these pure mixtures.
The acid number of esterification products is 10 to the maximum, preferably is 5 to the maximum, and most preferably less than 1, and hydroxyl value is 15 to the maximum, preferably is 10 to the maximum.The acid number of thick esterification products is preferably by british patent specification GB-A-1,237, the described method of 748 (Unilever-Emery N.V) is by adjusting to desired value below 10 with esterification products and the aliphatic monocarboxylic acid's of containing 5-22 carbon atom glycidyl ester reaction.The glycidyl ester that is suitable for for example has Cardura E10 (trade(brand)name; Highly branched C 10The glycidyl ester of the synthetic saturated monocarboxylic acid mixture of-isomer is available from Sell resin company, Holland).If esterification products is to make by ester-interchange method, just do not need to handle usually with glycidyl ester.
When being used for conventional hydraulic fluid, the consumption of esterification products is the 10-95% (weight) of total hydraulic fluid, is preferably 20-75% (weight).Consumption determine to depend on several factors, comprising the viscosity of desired hydraulic fluid.
Hydraulic fluid also can contain various functional additives, for example metal passivator such as benzotriazole, inhibiter such as phenyl alpha-naphthylamine, oxidation inhibitor such as phenolic antioxidant, improve the additive of high-voltage performance, wear preventive additive such as dialkyl group thiophosphoric acid zinc, thickening material or bodying agent, defoamer such as siloxane polymer, emulsifying agent, washing agent or dispersion agent, pour point reducer such as polymethacrylate, viscosity index improver such as polymethacrylate or vinyl pyrrolidone/alkylmethacrylate polymer, tinting material and any or several mixture of these functional additives.
When as the base fluids in the common metal process fluid, the consumption of final ester is the 5-95% (weight) of total metal working fluids enriched material, preferred 20-70% (weight).The metal working fluids enriched material normally is transformed into water and oily emulsion behind the dilute with water, and this emulsion preferably contains the enriched material of 1-10% (weight).
The base fluids of metal working fluids also can contain various functional additives, for example metal passivator such as benzotriazole, inhibiter such as phenyl alpha-naphthylamine, oxidation inhibitor such as phenolic antioxidant, biocides, defoamer such as siloxane polymer, emulsifying agent, washing agent or dispersion agent, mould inhibitor, sterilant, tinting material and any or several mixture of these functional additives.
The present invention will further specify by the following example.
Example I
Be equipped with thermometer, water condenser, mechanical stirrer, inert gas entrance pipe and Virahol inlet tube at one, and with mechanical pump and 4 liter of five neck reactor that 2.5 liters of flasks that Virahol is housed link to each other in add 1500 gram (2.60 moles) dimeracids and 1.5 grams (0.011 mole) stannic oxide (II) as catalyzer.
Under the constant nitrogen gas stream, this dimeracid and catalyzer are heated to 230 ℃.When temperature reaches 180 ℃, begin to add Virahol.Water and unreacted Virahol that reaction is generated distill.After about 4 hours, acid number reaches the 100mgKOH/ gram, stops to add Virahol.Temperature of reaction is cooled to below 100 ℃, in this reaction mixture, adds 1562 gram (2.84 moles) Breox methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)-550 (trade(brand)names; A kind of methoxy poly (ethylene glycol) available from BP chemical company (Britain), molecular-weight average are 525-575, density 1.1 gram per centimeters 3: 20 ℃ at zero pour; Viscosity in the time of 100 ℃ is 7.5 millimeters 2/ second).This reaction mixture is heated to 250 ℃ again under constant nitrogen gas stream, steam the water that reaction generates.When acid number was brought down below 15 milligrams of KOH/ gram, reaction was carried out 4 hours under 250 ℃ and reduce pressure (about 1000 handkerchiefs) again.Crude product is the brown liquid of 5 milligrams of KOH/ grams of acid number.After being cooled to 100 ℃, in reaction mixture, add 100 gram Cardura E-10 (literary composition sees before), postheating to 250 ℃ following maintenance 1 hour.Excessive Cardura E-10 steams under 250 ℃ and 1000 handkerchiefs.The reaction product that obtains is that hydroxyl value is 8, acid number less than 1 and viscosity index be 188 brown liquid.
Example II
Be equipped with thermometer, water condenser, mechanical stirrer, inert gas entrance pipe and Virahol inlet tube at one, and with mechanical pump and 4 liter of five neck reactor that 2.5 liters of flasks that Virahol is housed link to each other in add 1426 gram (2.47 moles) dimeracids and 863.5 gram (2.47 moles) Breox methoxy poly (ethylene glycol) 350 (trade(brand)names: a kind of methoxy poly (ethylene glycol) available from BP chemical company (Britain); Molecular-weight average is 335-365; Density 1.09 grams per cubic centimters: 5 ℃ at zero pour, the viscosity during 100C are 4.1 millimeters 2/ second).Reaction mixture is heated to 250 ℃ under the constant nitrogen gas stream, the water that reaction generates is removed by distillation.After about 3 hours, acid number reaches 60 milligrams of KOH/ grams, and the water that almost no longer responds steams.
After allowing mixture be cooled to 230 ℃, the 2.6 catalyst oxidation tin (II) that restrain (0.019 mole) are added in the reaction mixture, and begin to add Virahol.Be reflected at 230 ℃ and constant Virahol and add under speed and the constant nitrogen gas stream and carry out, water and unreacted Virahol that reaction is generated steam.After 8 hours, acid number reaches 5 milligrams of KOH/ grams.Stopped reaction, the crude product that obtains are brown liquid.After handling with the described Cardura E-10 of example I, the hydroxyl value of product is, acid number is less than 1, and viscosity index is 176.
The product that is obtained by example II is pressed into method test in the steel loop of rotation with the fixed steel ball in the frictional force meter.Ball is pressed into load in the ring and the speed of rotation of ring is variable.The contact position of ball/ring is all to immerse in the tested product.Can measure the transformation of various different oils patterns with this instrument.Can distinguish three kinds of different lubricating oil patterns with this:
Area I: feature is not have abrasion and low-friction coefficient.
Area I I: frontier district.Load transmits jointly by oil-bound film and metallic surface.Limited
Abrasion, originally be great friction coefficient, become low-friction coefficient subsequently.
Area I II: metal to-metal contact.There is not lubricating oil between the metallic surface, the high and high friction of wear loss
Coefficient.
The product of example II, under fast 0.5 meter per second of ring and 2.0 meter per seconds, (TMPTO) tests as object of reference with the trimethylolpropane tris oleic acid ester.Test-results is blanket as follows:
The speed meter per second The example II product Example II product+5% (weight) water ???TMPTO
I to II changes (newton) ????0.5 ????525 ?????575 ????475
II to III changes (newton) ????0.5 ????1150 ?????1450 ????1050
I to III changes (newton) ????2.0 ????275 ?????125 ????225
Under the condition of being tried, the oilness of example II product is better than the oilness of TMPTO.Under the high-speed case, the transformation from area I to area I II occurs under much lower load.
EXAMPLE III
In being equipped with 2 liter of four neck reactor of mechanical stirrer, thermometer, water condenser and inert gas entrance pipe, add 816.1 gram (2.33 moles) methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)s 350 (product used with example II is identical) and 683.9 gram (0.78 mole) trimer acids.Reaction mixture is distilled.After acid number was brought down below 15 milligrams of KOH/ gram, reaction was carried out 4 hours under 250 ℃ and reduce pressure (about 1000 handkerchiefs) again.
Crude product is that acid number is the brown viscous oil of 5 milligrams of KOH/ grams.After the described Cardura E-10 processing of 50 gram example I, hydroxyl value is 14, and acid number is less than 1, and viscosity index is 195.
EXAMPLE IV
In being equipped with 2 liter of four neck reactor of mechanical stirrer, thermometer, water condenser and inert gas entrance pipe, add 1020.4 gram (1.64 moles) Synperonic 91/12 (trade(brand)name: a kind of available from ICIPLC (Britain) by the C that contains 12 oxyethylene group 8/ C 10The complete saturated synthetic primary alconol of the ethoxylation that generates behind the linear alpha-olefins carbonylation; Pour point is 26 ℃, viscosity 30 centipoises, density 1.013 gram per centimeters 3) and 479.6 gram (0.55 mole) trimer acids.Reaction mixture is heated to 250 ℃ under the constant nitrogen gas stream, steam the water that reaction generates.After acid number was reduced to less than 15 milligrams of KOH/ gram, reaction was carried out 4 hours under 250 ℃ and reduce pressure (about 1000 handkerchiefs) again.
Crude product is that acid number is the brown viscous oil of 5 milligrams of KOH/ grams.After the described Cardura E-10 processing of 50 gram example I, hydroxyl value is 12, and acid number is less than 1, and viscosity index is 210.
EXAMPLE V
In being equipped with 2 liter of four neck reactor of mechanical stirrer, thermometer, water condenser and inert gas entrance pipe, add 412.7 gram (1.18 moles) methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)s 350 (product used with example II is identical), 1087.3 gram (1.18 moles) trimer acid trimethyls and the sodium methylate (0.15 mole actives) of 27.0 gram 30% (w/w) in methyl alcohol.
Reaction mixture is heated to 150 ℃ under the constant nitrogen gas stream, steam methyl alcohol.After hydroxyl value was brought down below 10 milligrams of KOH/ gram, reaction was carried out 4 hours under 150 ℃ and reduce pressure (about 1000 handkerchiefs) again.
Product is that hydroxyl value is 2, acid number less than 1 and viscosity index be 173 brown viscous oil.

Claims (14)

1. one kind contains acid number and is lower than 10, and hydroxyl value is lower than the hydraulic fluid of 15 esterification products or the base fluids of metal working fluids, and it is obtained after esterification by following ingredients:
(a) be selected from the unsaturated C of polymeric of dimeracid, trimer acid, hydrogenated dimer acids, hydrogenation trimer acid and composition thereof 12-C 24Lipid acid and
(b) be selected from following alkoxylate monohydroxy-alcohol:
(1) with 2-25 mole C 2-C 5Alkylene oxide is oxyalkylated, have 1-24 carbon atom, the saturated monohydroxy alcohol of straight or branched and
(2) alkoxyl group polyalkylene glycol, wherein a hydroxyl in two terminal hydroxy group is used by 2-25 mole C 2-C 5The oxyalkylated C of alkylene oxide 1-C 4Aliphatic monohydric alcohol etherificate and optional
(C) contain the saturated monohydroxy alcohol of the straight or branched of 1-24 carbon atom.
The acid number that this esterification will proceed to ester is lower than 10, and hydroxyl value is lower than till 15.
2. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that (a) is trimer acid.
3. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that (b) contains the C of 6-12 mole 2-C 5Alkylene oxide
4. according to the base fluids of claim 1, wherein the molecular-weight average of (b) is 200-2000.
5. according to the base fluids of claim 1, wherein the molecular-weight average of (b) is 300-1000.
6. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that (c) contains 1-14 carbon atom.
7. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that the acid number of esterification products is up to 5, hydroxyl value is up to 10.
8. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that the acid number of esterification products is lower than 1.
9. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that the glycidyl ester reaction of the aliphatic carboxylic acid of acid number by making it and a kind of 5-22 of containing carbon atom of esterification products reduces.
10. hydraulic fluid is characterized in that it contains the base fluids according to claim 1-9 of 10-95% (weight).
11. a hydraulic fluid is characterized in that it contains the base fluids according to claim 1-9 of 20-75% (weight).
12. a metal working fluids is characterized in that it contains the base fluids according to claim 1-9 of 5-95% (weight).
13. a metal working fluids is characterized in that it contains the base fluids according to claim 1-9 of 20-70% (weight).
14. the emulsion of metal process water and oil is characterized in that it contains the base fluids according to claim 1-9 of significant quantity.
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CN1046757C (en) 1999-11-24
ATE175991T1 (en) 1999-02-15
WO1995007961A1 (en) 1995-03-23
CN1094509C (en) 2002-11-20
JPH09502754A (en) 1997-03-18
US5707945A (en) 1998-01-13
CN1232077A (en) 1999-10-20
EP0719311A1 (en) 1996-07-03
DE69416145D1 (en) 1999-03-04
AU7780594A (en) 1995-04-03
JP3512415B2 (en) 2004-03-29
DE69416145T2 (en) 1999-06-02

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