CN113091588B - Spring displacement measurement system and method based on coating strain measurement - Google Patents
Spring displacement measurement system and method based on coating strain measurement Download PDFInfo
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- CN113091588B CN113091588B CN202110461326.4A CN202110461326A CN113091588B CN 113091588 B CN113091588 B CN 113091588B CN 202110461326 A CN202110461326 A CN 202110461326A CN 113091588 B CN113091588 B CN 113091588B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
Abstract
The invention discloses a spring displacement measuring method and system based on coating strain measurement, which specifically comprise the following steps: s1: respectively selecting one point on two sides of one end of the U-shaped part of the spring as a measuring point, and manufacturing a strain coating film on the measuring point; s2: fixing a strain signal acquisition module at the other end of the U-shaped part of the spring to obtain a spring displacement measurement system, installing and fixing the spring displacement measurement system in a mechanical system, wherein the spring generates displacement change along with the movement of the mechanical system; s3: acquiring a strain signal of the strain coating film, processing the strain signal to obtain strain data, and transmitting the strain data to an upper computer; s4: and the upper computer processes the strain data so as to calculate the displacement of the spring. According to the invention, the strain coating film is directly manufactured on the spring, and the strain coating film is directly used for sensing the movement data of the spring, so that the displacement of the spring is calculated, the error in the conversion process of strain and displacement is avoided, and the detection precision is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of springs, in particular to a spring displacement measuring system and method based on coating strain measurement.
Background
The spring is a common mechanical part capable of storing energy, and can be used for damping, clamping, storing energy, measuring and the like when working by utilizing the elasticity of the spring. In engineering practice, the displacement and force of a spring in a mechanical system are often required to be measured to reflect the performance of the mechanical system, so that the mechanical system is optimally designed. The conventional application of measuring by utilizing the characteristics of the spring is 'Hooke' law, and only one parameter of the displacement of the spring and the external force is required to be measured, so that the other parameter can be obtained.
Due to the limitation of the actual working condition of a mechanical system, the measurement of force and displacement is difficult, at present, the measurement of the displacement of a spring is realized by measuring strain, and the methods have more problems in actual application, such as strain gauge sticking, welding, difficult wiring and the like. The strain gauges are therefore usually not directly attached to the spring body, but to a structurally simple component part associated with the spring, such as a spring and cantilever combination, which however causes certain errors in the conversion of strain to displacement.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of low measurement precision of the spring displacement in the prior art, the invention provides a system and a method for measuring the spring displacement based on coating strain measurement.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a spring displacement measurement method based on coating strain measurement specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: respectively selecting one point on two sides of one end of the U-shaped part of the spring as a measuring point, and manufacturing a strain coating film on any measuring point;
s2: fixing a strain signal acquisition module at the other end of the U-shaped part of the spring to obtain a spring displacement measurement system, installing and fixing the spring displacement measurement system in a mechanical system, and enabling the spring to displace along with the movement of the mechanical system;
s3: the strain signal acquisition module acquires a strain signal of the strain coating film in the displacement process of the spring, processes the strain signal to obtain strain data, and transmits the strain data to the upper computer;
s4: the upper computer analyzes the strain data, and therefore the displacement x of the spring is obtained through calculation:
in formula (1), x represents the displacement of the spring, and E represents the elastic modulus of the spring; represents multiplication; k is 0 Representing the sensitivity coefficient of the metal resistance material; k m To representA spring rate; u represents an output voltage; u shape 0 Represents an input voltage; n represents the bridge-to-arm ratio of the bridge circuit; r represents the radius of the spring; d represents the height of the section of the U-shaped part of the spring after surface treatment.
Preferably, the manufacturing step of the strain coating film comprises:
s1-1: transversely placing the spring, enabling the U-shaped part of the spring to be parallel to the workbench, and then respectively grinding and polishing the measuring points to obtain two parallel smooth planes;
s1-2: depositing an insulating layer on any smooth plane, adopting NiCrAlY alloy as a target material, depositing a film on the insulating layer by using a magnetron sputtering method, then coating a dried photoresist on the film, placing a mask, sequentially carrying out exposure, development, corrosion and photoresist removal, finally etching a geometric figure of the electric grid on the film, and covering a layer of protective film on the surface of the electric grid to obtain a strain coating film.
Preferably, the two mutually parallel smooth planes have a size of 10mm × 3mm.
Preferably, the insulating layer is an oxide film, and the oxide film comprises upper and lower layers of Al 2 O 3 Thin film and intermediate layer SiO 2 A film.
Preferably, the strain coating film is connected with the strain signal acquisition module through a lead, and the lead is uniformly covered with a high-temperature inorganic material.
The invention also provides a spring displacement measuring system based on coating strain measurement, which comprises a spring, a strain coating film processed at one end of the U-shaped part of the spring and a strain signal acquisition module fixed at the other end of the U-shaped part of the spring, wherein the strain coating film is connected with the strain signal acquisition module through a lead;
when the spring displaces, the strain signal acquisition module acquires and processes strain signals of the strain coating film to obtain strain data, and then the strain data is transmitted to an upper computer to be analyzed to obtain the displacement of the spring.
Preferably, the strain signal acquisition module comprises an electric energy receiving and adjusting unit, a strain measuring unit and a signal transmission unit; the electric energy receiving and adjusting unit comprises a receiving coil, a compensating circuit, a rectifier and a low-pass filter and is used for providing electric energy for the strain measuring unit and the signal transmission unit; the strain measurement unit is used for acquiring a strain signal of the strain coating film and processing the strain signal to obtain strain data; and the signal transmission unit is used for transmitting the strain data to the upper computer.
Preferably, the power supply module is arranged on the base and comprises a transmitting coil, a compensating circuit, a transformer, an inverter and a rectifier, and the transmitting coil and the receiving coil in the power receiving and regulating unit are distributed in parallel and are separated from each other. The advantages are that: the non-contact power supply of the spring strain acquisition module is realized by adopting electromagnetic induction wireless power transmission, the interference of a signal wire and a moving mechanical part is avoided, and the wiring is more convenient and flexible.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the strain coating film is directly manufactured on the spring, and the data of the strain coating film sensing the movement of the spring is directly utilized, so that the displacement of the spring is calculated, the error existing in the conversion process of strain and displacement is avoided, and the detection precision is improved; meanwhile, the electric energy wireless transmission is realized by utilizing the electromagnetic induction principle, and the spring measurement system is supplied with power in a non-contact manner, so that the installation and wiring are more convenient and flexible.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a spring displacement measurement method based on coating strain measurement according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a spring displacement measurement system based on coating strain measurement according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a U-shaped portion of a spring after surface treatment according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a strain measurement unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and embodiments. It should be understood that the scope of the above-described subject matter is not limited to the following examples, and any techniques implemented based on the disclosure of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a spring displacement measurement method based on coating strain measurement, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting the middle points on two sides of one end of the U-shaped part of the spring as measuring points, and manufacturing a strain coating film on any measuring point.
When the spring is subjected to tension (compression), tension, bending moment and torque coupling exist at each part, so that the internal stress of the spring body is complex. In this embodiment, in order to facilitate the measurement of the spring displacement and the implementation of the processing technology, one point on both sides of one end of the U-shaped portion of the spring is used as a measuring point. In this embodiment, the measuring points should be arranged at the straight line position in the middle of the U-shaped position of the spring as much as possible, so that the final rectangular strain coating film is parallel to the spring body, and the measuring points at the two sides should be symmetrical. For example, the middle point of the U-shaped part of the spring is selected as a measuring point, so that the final rectangular strain coating film is parallel to the spring body.
The manufacturing method of the strain coating film comprises the following steps:
s1-1: the spring is transversely placed, the U-shaped part of the spring is parallel to the table surface of the workbench, then the spring is clamped by a vice, then the measuring point is ground and polished by processing tools such as a file, coarse abrasive paper, fine abrasive paper and the like respectively, so that two parallel smooth planes are obtained, the length multiplied by the width of each plane is 10mm multiplied by 3mm, and then the surfaces are wiped clean by alcohol and cotton swabs.
S1-2: and sequentially depositing an insulating layer, a thin film and a protective film on any two smooth planes to obtain the strain coating film. The other smooth plane is considered to be symmetrical in mechanical structure, and the strain coating film can also be manufactured.
In this embodiment, in order to provide better stability for strain measurement, an insulating layer is required to be used for insulation treatment (the insulating layer is formed by depositing multiple oxide films layer by layer in a sputtering manner). The insulating layer is a multi-layer oxide film including upper and lower layers of Al 2 O 3 Thin film and intermediate layer SiO 2 A film. Because the single-layer oxide film has fine vertical pinholes, and the multilayer oxide film can block the pinholes on the interface between the layers, the pinholes of the whole insulating layer are reduced; meanwhile, the single-layer oxide film is easy to crack, and the multi-layer oxide film can bear larger stress. Al (Al) 2 O 3 And SiO 2 All have good stability, especially Al 2 O 3 Can be kept stable in a strong oxidizing environment and has good insulating property.
The method comprises the steps of adopting NiCrAlY alloy as a target, depositing a film (such as a NiCrAlY alloy film) on an insulating layer by utilizing a magnetron sputtering method, then coating a drying photoresist (a corrosion inhibitor) on the NiCrAlY alloy film, placing a mask on the NiCrAlY alloy film, sequentially carrying out the procedures of exposure, development, corrosion, photoresist removal and the like, and finally etching a required electric grid geometric figure (the shape of an electric grid is the same as that of a common uniaxial strain gage, and the model of the uniaxial strain gage is TSK-1B-120-1A-11L2M 2M) on the NiCrAlY alloy film and carrying out stability treatment. And finally, covering a layer of protective film on the surface of the electric grid to obtain the strain coating film.
The magnetron sputtering method is a phenomenon in which atoms (molecules) are made to escape from a solid surface after ion bombardment of the solid surface in a low-pressure gas. The specific principle is as follows: filling inert gas (usually argon) in low pressure to generate glow discharge phenomenon and generate charged ions; the charged ions are accelerated by an electric field and then impact the surface of the target material, so that target material atoms are bombarded and fly out, secondary electrons are generated at the same time, and then impact gas atoms to form more charged ions; the target material atoms reach the surface of the plated substrate to deposit to form a film.
One end of each gold wire is fixed at the end part of the electric grid through high-temperature conductive adhesive, the end part of the electric grid refers to a lead wire end in the electric grid, and the end part of the electric grid is designed at the end departing from the direction of the spring body for wiring convenience. The other ends of the two gold wires are connected with the strain signal acquisition module, and a layer of high-temperature inorganic cement is uniformly covered on the wires to protect the wires.
S2: fixing a power supply module on a base, and fixing a strain signal acquisition module at the other end of the U-shaped part of the spring (the closer to the tail of the other end of the U-shaped part of the spring, the better); the spring is fixed in an application mechanical system, the spring moves along with the application mechanical system, the strain signal acquisition module acquires a strain signal of the strain coating film, the strain signal is processed by the strain measurement unit to obtain strain data, and the signal transmission unit transmits the strain data to the upper computer.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, a spring displacement measurement system based on coating strain measurement includes a spring, a strain coating film processed at one end of a U-shaped portion of the spring, and a strain signal acquisition module fixed at the other end of the U-shaped portion of the spring, where the strain coating film is connected to the strain signal acquisition module through a wire; when the spring displaces, the strain signal acquisition module acquires and processes strain signals of the strain coating film to obtain strain data, and then the strain data is transmitted to an upper computer to be analyzed to obtain the displacement of the spring. Namely, the strain coating film is fixed at one end of the U-shaped part of the spring 1, the strain signal acquisition module 4 is fixed at the other end of the U-shaped part of the spring 1 (the closer to the tail of the other end of the U-shaped part of the spring, the better), and the spring 1 is fixed through the hook 3.
The strain signal acquisition module 4 comprises an electric energy receiving and adjusting unit, a strain measuring unit and a signal transmission unit which are all packaged in the same protection box and fixed on a spring, and transmits strain signals to an upper computer arranged outside a mechanical system in a real-time wireless manner; the strain signal acquisition module is triggered through a strain gradient triggering strategy (namely when the strain change rate is larger, the strain signal acquisition module is triggered to start working), and when the spring does not work, a low-power consumption sleep mode is started, so that the electric energy is saved.
The power receiving and adjusting unit comprises a receiving coil, a compensating circuit, a rectifier, a low-pass filter and the like, and is used for adjusting the induced current of the receiving coil and providing proper available power for the strain measuring unit and the signal transmission unit.
The signal transmission unit can adopt a ZigBee wireless communication unit, and has low power consumption, low cost and short time delay.
Mechanical equipment is assembled by a plurality of parts, and signal lines are easy to interfere with moving mechanical parts in a strain test process, so that routing difficulty is often encountered. Therefore, the non-contact power supply module of the spring strain acquisition module is realized by adopting electromagnetic induction wireless power transmission, the power supply module comprises a transmitting coil, a compensating circuit, a transformer, an inverter, a rectifier and the like, namely, the transmitting coil is fixed on the base and connected with an external power supply, and the transmitting coil and the receiving coil are distributed in parallel and separated from each other. The non-contact power supply module generates electric energy through electromagnetic induction of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil so as to provide working electric energy for the strain signal acquisition module, and the installation and wiring are more convenient and flexible. The transmitting coil and the receiving coil are distributed in parallel and separated from each other. The invention realizes non-contact power supply to the spring strain test acquisition module by adopting electromagnetic induction wireless power transmission, so that the installation and wiring are more convenient and flexible.
S3: and the upper computer processes the strain signal and calculates the displacement of the spring.
The strain measurement unit is mainly based on a resistance strain effect, namely when a conductor material is mechanically deformed under the action of external force, the resistance value of the conductor material is correspondingly changed. In an actual strain test, the strain experienced by the strain coating film is very weak, the relative rate of change of resistance Δ R/R is very small, a special strain measurement unit is required to amplify, and the resistance value is converted into an electrical signal for detection, and usually, the strain measurement unit adopts a wheatstone bridge circuit to convert or amplify the electrical signal.
Based on the resistance strain effect, it can be known that:
μ: poisson ratio, pi of metal resistance material L : piezoresistive coefficient of metallic resistive material, E: modulus of elasticity, K, of metallic resistance materials 0 : sensitivity coefficient of metal resistance material, epsilon: and (4) strain.
Therefore, there are:
represents multiplication;
the expression of the relative change of resistance is a fully differential expression, and can be converted into
Here, the
Is converted into
Is a conversion in the mathematical sense.
As shown in FIG. 4, four arm resistors R in a Wheatstone bridge circuit 1 ＝R 2 ＝R 3 ＝R 4 Forming an equal arm bridge, n is the bridge arm ratio, U 0 For power supply access, U is signal output. When the spring is stretched, the strain-coated film experiences strain to produce an increase in resistance Δ R 1 At this time, the output voltage U:
thus, the following results were obtained:
it can be deduced that:
and σ = E · epsilon, where E is the elastic modulus of the spring, the stress σ:
as shown in fig. 3, for the cross-sectional graph of the U-shaped portion of the spring after surface treatment, the radius r of the spring and the height d of the strain coating film (the cross-sectional height of the U-shaped portion of the spring after surface treatment) after surface treatment can be easily measured by using a vernier caliper to obtain an actual value, and the cross-sectional area a of the strain measuring point of the spring can be derived according to the area formula of the triangle and the sector:
if the tension F = sigma & A of the spring is known, the sectional area A of the strain measuring point of the spring is substituted to obtain the tension F:
and then F = K according to Hooke's law m X, wherein K m Is the spring rate and x is the spring displacement.
In summary, the calculation formula of the spring displacement x can be deduced:
it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing embodiments are specific examples for carrying out the invention, and that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention in practice.
Claims (8)
1. A spring displacement measuring method based on coating strain measurement is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: respectively selecting one point on two sides of one end of the U-shaped part of the spring as a measuring point, and manufacturing a strain coating film on any measuring point;
s2: fixing a strain signal acquisition module at the other end of the U-shaped part of the spring to obtain a spring displacement measurement system, installing and fixing the spring displacement measurement system in a mechanical system, and enabling the spring to displace along with the movement of the mechanical system;
s3: the strain signal acquisition module acquires a strain signal of the strain coating film in the displacement process of the spring, processes the strain signal to obtain strain data, and transmits the strain data to the upper computer; the strain signal acquisition module adopts a Wheatstone bridge circuit to amplify the electric signal;
s4: the upper computer analyzes the strain data, and therefore the displacement x of the spring is obtained through calculation:
in formula (1), x represents the displacement of the spring, and E represents the elastic modulus of the spring; represents multiplication; k 0 Representing the sensitivity coefficient of the metal resistance material; k m Representing the spring rate; u represents an output voltage; u shape 0 Represents an input voltage; n represents the wheatstone bridge circuit bridge arm ratio; r represents the radius of the spring; d represents the height of the cross section of the U-shaped part of the spring after surface treatment, wherein the surface treatment refers to the production of a strain coating film at any measuring point on two sides of one end of the U-shaped part of the spring, and the height of the cross section refers to the vertical height of the measuring point after surface treatment.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of forming the strained coated film comprises:
s1-1: transversely placing the spring, enabling the U-shaped part of the spring to be parallel to the workbench, and grinding and polishing the measuring points respectively to obtain two parallel smooth planes;
s1-2: depositing an insulating layer on any smooth plane, adopting NiCrAlY alloy as a target material, depositing a film on the insulating layer by using a magnetron sputtering method, then coating a dried photoresist on the film, placing a mask, sequentially carrying out exposure, development, corrosion and photoresist removal, finally etching a geometric figure of the electric grid on the film, and covering a layer of protective film on the surface of the electric grid to obtain a strain coating film.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the two parallel smooth planes are 10mm x 3mm in size.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the insulating layer is an oxide film, and the oxide film comprises upper and lower layers of Al 2 O 3 Thin film and intermediate layer SiO 2 A film.
5. The method for measuring the displacement of the spring based on the coating strain measurement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the strain coating film is connected with the strain signal acquisition module through a lead wire, and the lead wire is uniformly covered with the high-temperature inorganic material.
6. A spring displacement measuring system based on coating strain measurement according to any one of the measuring methods of claims 1-5, comprising a spring, a strain coating film processed at one end of a U-shaped part of the spring, and a strain signal acquisition module fixed at the other end of the U-shaped part of the spring, wherein the strain coating film is connected with the strain signal acquisition module through a lead;
the strain coating film comprises an insulating layer, a film and a protective film which are deposited in sequence; the insulating layer is a multilayer oxide film;
when the spring displaces, the strain signal acquisition module acquires and processes strain signals of the strain coating film to obtain strain data, and then the strain data is transmitted to an upper computer to be analyzed to obtain the spring displacement.
7. The system for measuring the displacement of the spring based on the coating strain measurement is characterized in that the strain signal acquisition module comprises a power receiving and adjusting unit, a strain measuring unit and a signal transmission unit; the electric energy receiving and adjusting unit comprises a receiving coil, a compensating circuit, a rectifier and a low-pass filter and is used for providing electric energy for the strain measuring unit and the signal transmission unit; the strain measurement unit is used for acquiring a strain signal of the strain coating film and processing the strain signal to obtain strain data; and the signal transmission unit is used for transmitting the strain data to the upper computer.
8. The system of claim 6, further comprising a power module mounted on the base, wherein the power module comprises a transmitting coil, a compensating circuit, a transformer, an inverter and a rectifier, and the transmitting coil is disposed in parallel with and separated from the receiving coil of the power receiving and adjusting unit.
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| DE3403042A1 (en) * | 1984-01-30 | 1985-08-01 | Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg | THIN FILM STRETCH MEASUREMENT STRIP SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| DE10221878A1 (en) * | 2001-06-01 | 2003-01-16 | Omron Corp Kyoto | Contact displacement detector for measuring dimensions and shape of device components or assemblies at factory, has amplitude adjustment unit which changes amplitude of driving signal to constant value |
| JP4180885B2 (en) * | 2002-11-11 | 2008-11-12 | エスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジー株式会社 | Manufacturing method of light propagating probe for near-field microscope |
| DE10310392A1 (en) * | 2003-03-07 | 2004-09-16 | Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik Gmbh | Sensor for determining strain, has structured resistance tracks, and additional piezoelectric strain-sensitive materially applied to carrier layer or spring material |
| DE102014014843A1 (en) * | 2014-10-07 | 2016-04-07 | Fügetechnik Berlin-Brandenburg GmbH | measuring device |
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