CN113089587B

CN113089587B - System for inhibiting water evaporation of large open channel and generating power by solar energy and water flow

Info

Publication number: CN113089587B
Application number: CN202110372609.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王博; 张彬; 石建有; 范天雨; 张舒然; 聂相田
Original assignee: North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power
Current assignee: North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power
Priority date: 2021-04-07
Filing date: 2021-04-07
Publication date: 2022-06-10
Anticipated expiration: 2041-04-07
Also published as: CN113089587A

Abstract

The utility model provides an restrain large-scale open channel water evaporation and solar energy, rivers power generation system, including a plurality of the same basic function module, a plurality of basic function module splice each other fixedly in order to cover the surface of water, arbitrary basic function module all includes the frame-type plummer of floating on the surface of water, the solar energy power generation mechanism of setting in frame-type plummer upper portion, the hydroelectric generation mechanism of setting in frame-type plummer lower part and the evaporation-inhibiting mechanism of setting in the frame-type plummer, all laid the film of non-transparent flexible material preparation on the upper surface of frame-type plummer and the side global and enclosed the evaporation and restrain the chamber by the film, the evaporation-inhibiting mechanism is the water smoke spray head that sets up in the evaporation and restrain the intracavity, the water inlet end of water smoke spray head links to each other through the deep water district of liquid pump with the open channel. The invention can reduce the water evaporation loss, reasonably utilizes the natural resources of the open channel occupying position and forms considerable economic effect.

Description

System for inhibiting water evaporation of large open channel and generating power by solar energy and water flow

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of hydraulic engineering, in particular to a solar energy and water flow power generation system for inhibiting water evaporation of a large open channel.

Background

With the increase of the population quantity all over the world, water resources important for human survival are increasingly scarce. River water, lake water and underground water which can be directly used by human in water resources only account for 0.3 percent of the total global water amount, and most of the river water and the lake water return to the atmosphere in an evaporation mode to participate in hydrologic cycle, so that the amount of fresh water resources which can be really used by human is far less than 0.3 percent. Evaporation is one of the leading factors in the hydrologic cycle process in nature and is an important component of the water balance element. Therefore, the evaporation loss is reduced by inhibiting the water evaporation, the method has important practical significance for protecting the water resource quantity of arid and semi-arid regions, and meanwhile, the method has important guiding value for realizing the efficient and reasonable utilization of the water resource.

The current research on water surface evaporation mainly focuses on influencing evaporation factor identification, evaporation model creation, evaporation amount calculation, inhibiting water surface evaporation technical innovation and the like. The following three main aspects of the research on the technology for inhibiting water evaporation are as follows:

(1) chemical reagent method

In 2006, duckweed and the like take hexadecanol as a material for inhibiting water surface evaporation, and the evaporation inhibition rate is 50%; in order to prevent the molecular membrane from diffusing in water, the effect of the molecular membrane on inhibiting water surface evaporation is researched in 2014 by erecting a floating grid on the water surface, and the research shows that: the evaporation inhibition rate of the molecular film with the grid is 26-30%, and the evaporation inhibition rate of the molecular film without the grid is 7-12%. But the chemical reagent has poor stability and is easily interfered by factors such as wind and wave force.

(2) Aquatic plant method

Experiments on the influence of alternanthera philoxeroides, cattail and the like on evaporation are carried out on the Wangbai, and the average inhibition rate is 10-30%. But because of the plant transpiration, the method has lower water surface evaporation inhibition rate and is not popularized.

(3) Physical overlay method

In the severe new force of 2004, benzene plates are adopted to cover and inhibit water surface evaporation, but only the stress condition of the benzene plates in wind waves is researched, and the effect of inhibiting the water surface evaporation is not researched; in 2006, the Martinez-Alvarez in Spain carries out experimental research on covering water surfaces with single-layer polyethylene nets, double-layer polyethylene nets and single-layer aluminum nets with different colors, and the experimental result shows that: the water-saving effect of the black polyethylene single-layer net is most obvious; Al-Hassoun et Al in 2009 use palm leaves as a material for inhibiting water surface evaporation, and 95% and 50% coverage respectively correspond to 63% and 26% for inhibiting evaporation; 2011 researches of Assouline and the like find that the water surface evaporation inhibition rate and the coverage area are not in a direct proportional relation, and the single-hole coverage is higher than the evaporation inhibition rate of uniformly distributed multiple holes under the same coverage area; 2015-2016, Zhahaohao et al, Li Liji et al, have studied the evaporation inhibition rate of plain reservoir in dry and dry areas covered by PVC floating plates, the water-saving effect is remarkable, although the inhibition effect on water surface evaporation is remarkable, the coating material has structural characteristics, and can be scraped away from the reservoir area or cause material damage in strong wind, thus increasing the engineering operation cost; the PE materials such as Hankewu, wai Ke and the like in 2017 have the advantages of no toxicity, hydrophobicity, corrosion resistance, stable self structure, high strength and the like, but the rolling property of the small balls can only be used in a specific still water area, and the cost problem and the replacement problem need to be studied.

The above researches are considered water surface evaporation inhibition researches of reservoir, pond and other still water areas, but the related researches on open channel water surface evaporation and utilization are little or no. With the completion of the south-to-north water transfer project in China, the central line of the south-to-north water transfer mostly adopts an open channel to transfer water, the length is about 1432 kilometers, the width mostly exceeds 30 meters, a large amount of water is evaporated every day, and the water loss is large, so that a product is urgently needed to inhibit the water evaporation of the open channel.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a solar energy and water flow power generation system which can inhibit the water evaporation of a large-scale open channel, reduce the water evaporation loss, reasonably utilize the natural resources occupied by the open channel and form considerable economic effect.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the specific scheme that: the utility model provides an restrain large-scale open channel water evaporation and solar energy, rivers power generation system, including a plurality of the same basic function module, a plurality of basic function module splice each other fixedly in order to cover the surface of water, arbitrary basic function module all includes the frame-type plummer of floating on the surface of water, the solar energy power generation mechanism of setting in frame-type plummer upper portion, the hydroelectric generation mechanism of setting in frame-type plummer lower part and the evaporation-inhibiting mechanism of setting in the frame-type plummer, all laid the film of non-transparent flexible material preparation on the upper surface of frame-type plummer and the side global and enclosed the evaporation and restrain the chamber by the film, the evaporation-inhibiting mechanism is the water smoke spray head that sets up in the evaporation and restrain the intracavity, the water inlet end of water smoke spray head links to each other through the deep water district of liquid pump with the open channel.

Preferably, the frame-type bearing platform is rectangular and is formed by splicing a plurality of square cuboid structures, and any cuboid structure is formed by overlapping cylindrical foam plastics.

Preferably, reinforcing ribs made of aluminum alloy materials are embedded in the cylindrical foam plastics.

Preferably, arbitrary frame-type plummer all includes nine cuboid structures, all inlays the gas bag that is equipped with corresponding shape in the cuboid structure that corresponds four angles of frame-type plummer and central point and puts, and the remaining cuboid structure that does not inlay in the frame-type plummer and establish gas bag encloses respectively by the film and establishes the formation evaporation restraines the chamber.

Preferably, the water inlet ends of the water mist nozzles positioned on the same frame-type bearing platform are converged on the same main pipe, and the main pipe is connected with the liquid pump.

Preferably, a plurality of small balls made of black polyethylene materials are arranged in the evaporation suppression cavity.

Preferably, solar power system constructs for solar panel, and solar panel sets up at four angles of frame-type plummer and the cuboid structure of central point position structurally, and hydroelectric power system constructs for hydroelectric generator, and hydroelectric generator sets up the cuboid structure below of frame-type plummer central point position.

Preferably, the solar panel is rotatably arranged on an upper support fixed on the corresponding cuboid structure, the solar panel is driven to rotate by a controller through a driving component, the controller is in signal connection with the light sensing element, and a sunward program enabling the solar panel to track the position of the sun is arranged in the controller; the hydroelectric generator is arranged on a second support fixed on the lower part of the corresponding cuboid structure in a lifting way, and the propeller blades of the hydroelectric generator adopt a streamline structure.

Preferably, the film is made of black double-layer polyethylene plastic.

Preferably, the lower part of the frame-type bearing table is provided with an active carbon filtering mechanism corresponding to the tail end of the water flow direction, and the active carbon filtering mechanism is formed by longitudinally and transversely overlapping a plurality of active carbon pipes.

The invention derives from four factors that affect the evaporation of water: the total evaporation amount of water is reduced by temperature, evaporation surface area, humidity and air flow rate, so that the water is prevented from being wasted in the open channel conveying process; the solar power generation and water conservancy power generation mechanisms are respectively arranged by utilizing the idle space of the open channel and the water flow power, so that the energy consumption of the solar power generation and water conservancy power generation mechanisms is met, considerable economic benefits can be formed, and the regional economic development is driven; in order to ensure the water quality of canal water in a preferred embodiment, a water purifying facility is also added to meet the drinking water requirement similar to the north-south water transfer.

The invention mainly has five functions, namely, the water surface is covered by the film and the PE pellets, the contact area of the water surface and air is directly reduced, and evaporation is inhibited by reducing the evaporation surface area. And the second is to set evaporation inhibiting cavity with lower end opened and connected to the water surface, so that the temperature is raised fast to result in fast local evaporation and fast expansion of the inside air. Therefore, the water mist spray head is arranged in the evaporation inhibition cavity, and the water mist spray head sucks cold water with lower temperature in the deep water area of the open channel and sprays the cold water into the evaporation inhibition cavity, so that the temperature in the evaporation inhibition cavity is reduced, the humidity is increased, on one hand, the evaporation effect of the evaporation inhibition cavity corresponding to the water surface is reduced, and the film is prevented from being burst due to too much evaporation gas; on the other hand, the low-temperature water mist sprayed out by the water mist spray head accelerates the liquefaction of the steam, so that the evaporated gas is quickly converted into liquid and flows back into the open channel. Thirdly, a power generation module which utilizes water flow to provide power; fourthly, a solar power generation module; fifthly, the river water purification module is constructed by utilizing activated carbon. Through the combination of five modules, the evaporation of water on the surface of the open channel can be effectively inhibited, clean electric energy resources are obtained, and river water is purified to a certain degree.

Drawings

FIGS. 1-3 are schematic views of three-dimensional structures of the present invention at different viewing angles;

the labels in the figure are: 1. the device comprises an active carbon filtering mechanism, 2, a water mist spray head, 3, an evaporation inhibition cavity, 4, small balls, 5, a solar panel, 6, a film, 7, a frame type bearing table, 8, an inflation bag, 9, a header pipe, 10, a lower support, 11, a hydroelectric generator, 12 and an upper support.

Detailed Description

The invention relates to a system for inhibiting water evaporation of a large-scale open channel and generating electricity by solar energy and water flow, which comprises a plurality of same basic function modules as shown in figures 1-3, wherein any basic function module has the functions of inhibiting water evaporation and generating electricity by solar energy and water conservancy, the plurality of basic function modules are spliced and fixed with each other and are integrally fixed on the shore parts at two sides of the open channel after being covered on the water surface of the open channel, so that all the basic function modules cooperate with each other to reduce the water evaporation of the open channel, and the generated electric energy is used for inhibiting the use of a water evaporation part and is transmitted to an energy storage device arranged at the shore.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the basic function modules each include a frame-type carrier 7 floating on the water surface, a solar power generation mechanism disposed on the upper portion of the frame-type carrier 7, a hydroelectric power generation mechanism disposed on the lower portion of the frame-type carrier 7, and an evaporation suppression mechanism disposed in the frame-type carrier 7.

The frame-type bearing table 7 is composed of the following structures: firstly, cylindrical foam plastics are lapped to form a cuboid structure with the length, the width and the height of each 3m and the height of 0.2m, the cuboid structure is double-layer, namely, an upper square cylindrical foam plastic with the length, the width and the height of each 3m is respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part, and four angular positions of the two square cylindrical foam plastics are correspondingly connected through a cylindrical foam plastic short circuit to form the cuboid structure. Reinforcing ribs made of light aluminum alloy materials are embedded in the cylindrical foamed plastic, and the reinforcing ribs at the connecting positions are fixed by welding to improve the stability of the structure. Then splicing nine cuboid structures, and welding and fixing corresponding reinforcing ribs to form the frame type bearing table 7 with the length, the width and the height of 9m and 0.2m respectively; the air inflation bag 8 with the corresponding shape is embedded in the cuboid structures corresponding to the four corners and the center of the frame type bearing platform 7, and necessary buoyancy is improved through the air inflation bag 8. Finally, films 6 made of black double-layer polyethylene plastic materials are paved on the upper surface and the four side surfaces of the frame type bearing table 7 respectively, the water surface is indirectly covered through the films 6, the contact area of the water surface and air is directly reduced, and evaporation is restrained by reducing the evaporation surface area.

The solar power generation mechanism mainly includes a solar panel 5. The upper part of the frame type bearing table 7 corresponding to the cuboid structure of all the inflatable bags 8 is provided with a quadrangular pyramid-shaped upper support 12. The solar panel 5 is rotatably disposed on the upper support 12 at a central position, and a driving unit (not shown) for driving the solar panel 5 to rotate to maintain the solar panel facing the sun is provided on the upper support 12. The driving unit is controlled by a controller, which is in signal connection with the light sensing element and has a sunward program built therein for causing the solar panel 5 to track the position of the sun. The aforesaid drives solar panel 5 to sunward rotate through controller, control element and drive assembly for the conventional technical means in the solar photovoltaic field, no longer describe in detail.

The hydroelectric generating mechanism mainly comprises a hydroelectric generator 11, a quadrangular pyramid-shaped second support 10 is arranged on the lower side of a rectangular solid mechanism corresponding to the center of the frame type bearing platform 7, and the hydroelectric generator 11 is arranged on the second support 10. The equipment volume of the hydroelectric generator 11 is controlled within 1 cubic meter, and the propeller blades of the hydroelectric generator 11 adopt a streamline structure so as to avoid the influence of the propeller blades on the reduction of the water flow speed of the open channel in the power generation process as much as possible. The hydro-generator 11 in this embodiment is arranged on the second support 10 by means of a telescopic device so that the hydro-generator 11 can have a depth adjustment range of 1-3 meters depending on the actual water flow conditions at the corresponding location.

The evaporation suppression mechanism is arranged in the evaporation suppression cavity 3 on the frame type bearing platform 7. The evaporation suppression cavity 3 is formed by surrounding the film 6 by the remaining four cuboid structures embedded with the inflation bag 8 on the frame type bearing table 7. The evaporation inhibition mechanism is four water mist nozzles 2 which are respectively and correspondingly arranged in the four evaporation inhibition cavities 3. The water inlet ends of the four water mist spray heads 2 are gathered on the same main pipe 9 and then connected with the liquid pump, and low-temperature water which is pumped from the open channel deep water area by the liquid pump is sprayed into the evaporation inhibition cavity 3 through the water mist spray heads 2. Because the temperature in the closed environment in the evaporation inhibition cavity 3 can be increased rapidly, the evaporation on the surface of river water is accelerated, and the internal air is expanded rapidly, so that the purposes of reducing the temperature and humidifying can be achieved through the water mist collision, the generation of water vapor liquefaction is accelerated, the evaporated water can rapidly flow back to an open channel, and the film 6 made of the double-layer polyethylene material is prevented from being cracked due to expansion. In this embodiment, a plurality of small balls 4 made of black polyethylene material are further provided in the evaporation suppression cavity 3, and cooperate with the film 6 to further suppress the evaporation of water on the water surface of the open channel by reducing the evaporation area.

Finally, the lower part of the frame-type bearing table 7 corresponding to the end position of the water flow direction is provided with an activated carbon filtering mechanism 1, and the activated carbon filtering mechanism 1 is composed of a plurality of activated carbon tubes which are in longitudinal and transverse lap joint (the tube neck of the activated carbon tube is 0.1m, the length is 8m, the interval between adjacent carbon tubes is 0.2m, and the width of the carbon net is about 5 m). The system not only reduces or inhibits evaporation, adapts to complex river conditions and provides power for power generation in the process of large-scale open channel water delivery, but also can realize multifunctional integration of water purification, thereby greatly improving the resource utilization rate under the same coverage area, having better application prospects in the aspects of water conservancy, electric power, environmental detection and the like, making up the defects of open channel water delivery, saving water resources and reducing allocation cost in the existing open channel water delivery line, and generating huge economic and social benefits. The embodiment can be widely applied to large-scale open channels, and has important significance in evaporation prevention of canals and reservoirs in arid and semi-arid regions and water quality improvement.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an restrain large-scale open channel moisture evaporation and solar energy, rivers power generation system which characterized in that: the solar water heater comprises a plurality of same basic function modules, wherein the basic function modules are spliced and fixed with one another to cover the water surface, any basic function module comprises a frame type bearing platform (7) floating on the water surface, a solar power generation mechanism arranged on the upper part of the frame type bearing platform (7), a water conservancy power generation mechanism arranged on the lower part of the frame type bearing platform (7) and an evaporation inhibition mechanism arranged in the frame type bearing platform (7), films (6) made of non-transparent flexible materials are paved on the upper surface and the side peripheral surface of the frame type bearing platform (7), an evaporation inhibition cavity (3) is surrounded by the films (6), the evaporation inhibition mechanism is a water mist spray head (2) arranged in the evaporation inhibition cavity (3), and the water inlet end of the water mist spray head (2) is connected with a deep water area of an open channel through a liquid pump;

the frame type bearing table (7) is rectangular and is formed by splicing a plurality of square cuboid structures, any cuboid structure is formed by lapping cylindrical foamed plastics, and reinforcing ribs made of aluminum alloy materials are embedded in the cylindrical foamed plastics;

any frame type bearing table (7) comprises nine cuboid structures, the cuboid structures corresponding to four corners and the center of the frame type bearing table (7) are embedded with inflation bags (8) in corresponding shapes, and the rest cuboid structures which are not embedded with the inflation bags (8) in the frame type bearing table (7) are respectively surrounded by films (6) to form the evaporation inhibition cavity (3);

the water inlet ends of the water mist spray heads (2) on the same frame type bearing platform (7) are converged on the same main pipe (9), and the main pipe (9) is connected with the liquid pump.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the system is configured to suppress water evaporation in the large open channel and to generate electricity from solar energy and water flow, and further comprises: a plurality of small balls (4) made of black polyethylene materials are arranged in the evaporation inhibition cavity (3).

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the system is configured to suppress water evaporation in the large open channel and to generate electricity from solar energy and water flow, and further comprises: solar power system constructs for solar panel (5), and solar panel (5) set up at four angles of frame-type plummer (7) and the cuboid structure that central point put, and hydroelectric power system constructs for hydroelectric generator (11), and hydroelectric generator (11) set up the cuboid structure below that frame-type plummer (7) central point put.

4. The system according to claim 3, wherein the system is configured to suppress water evaporation in the large open channel and to generate electricity from solar energy and water flow, and further comprises: the solar panel (5) is rotatably arranged on an upper support (12) fixed on the corresponding cuboid structure, the solar panel (5) is driven to rotate by a controller through a driving component, the controller is in signal connection with the light sensing element, and a sunward program enabling the solar panel (5) to track the position of the sun is arranged in the controller; the hydroelectric generator (11) is arranged on a lower support (10) fixed on the lower part of the corresponding cuboid structure in a lifting way, and the propeller blades of the hydroelectric generator (11) adopt a streamline structure.

5. The system of claim 1 for suppressing evaporation of water from a large open channel and for generating electricity from solar energy and water currents, wherein: the film (6) is made of black double-layer polyethylene plastic.

6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the system is configured to suppress water evaporation in the large open channel and to generate electricity from solar energy and water flow, and further comprises: the lower part of the frame-type bearing table (7) is provided with an active carbon filtering mechanism (1) corresponding to the tail end of the water flow direction, and the active carbon filtering mechanism (1) is formed by vertically and horizontally overlapping a plurality of active carbon pipes.