CN113088803A - Process method for controlling spheroidization of nodular cast iron - Google Patents
Process method for controlling spheroidization of nodular cast iron Download PDFInfo
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- CN113088803A CN113088803A CN202110306150.5A CN202110306150A CN113088803A CN 113088803 A CN113088803 A CN 113088803A CN 202110306150 A CN202110306150 A CN 202110306150A CN 113088803 A CN113088803 A CN 113088803A
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- spheroidization
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
- C22C33/10—Making cast-iron alloys including procedures for adding magnesium
- C22C33/12—Making cast-iron alloys including procedures for adding magnesium by fluidised injection
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
- B22D1/002—Treatment with gases
- B22D1/005—Injection assemblies therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
- C21C1/105—Nodularising additive agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
A process method for controlling spheroidization of nodular cast iron is characterized by comprising the following steps: selecting raw materials; respectively preparing nodulizer powder and inoculant powder; smelting the raw materials; conveying the nodulizer powder into molten metal for nodulizing; and conveying the inoculant powder into spheroidized molten metal for inoculation. The invention realizes the complete spheroidization and complete inoculation of the molten metal by carrying out inoculation treatment after single spheroidization, the metallographic detection of the cast test block produced by the invention stably meets the requirements of the national standard grade 1-2 metallographic structure, the production process method is stable and reliable, the spheroidization rate is up to more than 95 percent, and the defect of waste products caused by unqualified spheroidization rate is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a spheroidizing inoculation process method of nodular cast iron, in particular to a process method for accurately controlling spheroidizing of the nodular cast iron by blowing nodulizer powder and inoculant powder.
Background
The existing production mode of nodular cast iron mainly focuses on a sandwich embedding method and a wire feeding spheroidization method. The embedding method is simple and convenient to operate, but has the defects of early or delayed reaction, high labor intensity of workers and high requirement on skill level. The wire feeding process needs to purchase finished core-spun yarns, and is high in cost, and the cost reduction of the wire feeding process is based on the fact that a large amount of scrap returns are required in a factory, and the consumption of the scrap returns is difficult to increase on the premise of stable quality. After the prior art is adopted for spheroidization, the spheroidization effect is poor, the graphite proportion is low, and the figure 1 is shown.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defect of unstable quality control of the embedding method, uses nodulizer powder and inoculant powder to respectively carry out nodulizing control, saves the cost of cladding the core-spun yarn and the cost of cladding the steel sheet, respectively blows the nodulizer powder and the inoculant powder into the bottom of the molten metal through a nitrogen carrier for a refractory tube, and can realize 100 percent nodulizing of the molten metal by the nodulizer powder entering from the bottom of the molten metal; secondly, adding alloy magnesium into the inoculant powder, blowing the inoculant powder after spheroidization is finished, and stirring the inoculant powder through nitrogen and magnesium to homogenize inoculation; therefore, the metal liquid is inoculated after being spheroidized, the spheroidization and inoculation effects are exerted to the maximum effect, the precise control of the spheroidization inoculation is realized, and the spheroidization efficiency is effectively improved.
A process method for controlling spheroidization of nodular cast iron is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. selecting raw materials;
b. respectively preparing nodulizer powder and inoculant powder;
c. smelting the raw materials;
d. blowing the nodulizer powder into molten metal for nodulizing;
e. and blowing the inoculant powder into the spheroidized molten metal for inoculation.
In one embodiment, the raw materials are Q10 pig iron, scrap steel and machine iron, the Q10 pig iron, the scrap steel and the machine iron are added in a mass ratio of 50-70%, 0-20% and 10-40%, and half of the Q10 pig iron, the scrap steel, the machine iron and the rest half of the Q10 pig iron in sequence are added in the raw materials.
In one embodiment, the components of the prepared nodulizer powder and the mass fractions of the elements are respectively 44-48% of silicon, 8-9% of calcium, less than 1% of aluminum, 25-28% of magnesium, 2-3% of rhenium and less than 1% of magnesium oxide; the granularity of the nodulizer powder is 0.2-2 mm.
In one embodiment, the inoculant powder is prepared from 72-78% of silicon, 1-2% of calcium, less than 1.5% of aluminum, 2-3% of magnesium and 2-4% of barium by mass percent; the grain size of the inoculant powder is 0.2-2 mm.
In one embodiment, the raw materials are smelted by a process method that the melting temperature is lower than 1380 ℃ for melting, the sampling detection temperature after melting is controlled between 1420 ℃ and 1440 ℃ for detecting and adjusting the components of molten metal before spheroidizing inoculation, and the overheating temperature is controlled between 1470 ℃ and 1490 ℃ for preserving heat for 3-5 minutes for overheating treatment.
In one embodiment, the molten metal before spheroidizing inoculation comprises, by mass, 3.7-3.8% of carbon, 1.4-1.6% of silicon, less than 0.2% of manganese, less than or equal to 0.018% of sulfur, less than or equal to 0.03% of phosphorus, and 4.16-4.33% of carbon equivalent.
In one embodiment, a blowing device is used for blowing the nodulizing agent and the inoculant, nitrogen is used for gas supply of the blowing device, and the pressure of the nitrogen is controlled to be 0.4-0.6 MPa.
In one embodiment, when blowing the nodulizer powder by using a blowing device, the flow rate is controlled to be 4-5 kg/min, the nodulizer powder is blown from the bottom of the molten metal, and the blowing amount of the nodulizer powder is 5kg/t of the molten metal.
In one embodiment, the inoculant powder is blown in from the bottom of the molten metal at a flow rate controlled within 5-6 kg/min by using a blowing device, and the blowing amount of the inoculant powder is 4.5kg/t of the molten metal.
In one embodiment, the molten metal after spheroidizing inoculation comprises, by mass, 3.7-3.8% of carbon, 2.5-2.6% of silicon, less than 0.2% of manganese, 0.008-0.01% of sulfur, less than or equal to 0.03% of phosphorus, 0.035-0.05% of magnesium and 4.5-4.6% of carbon equivalent, in one embodiment, the raw materials are Q10 pig iron, scrap steel and machine iron, the raw materials are added with 50-70% of Q10 pig iron, 0-20% of scrap steel and 10-40% of machine iron respectively, and half of the raw materials are sequentially added with Q10 pig iron, scrap steel, machine iron and the rest half of Q10 pig iron.
In one embodiment, the spheroidized inoculated molten metal is subjected to slag removal and casting completion within 10 minutes is guaranteed.
A spheroidizing inoculation process for accurately controlling nodular cast iron by blowing nodulizer and inoculant powder comprises the steps of smelting a proper nodular cast iron raw metal liquid, setting blowing pressure and blowing amount, respectively conveying the nodulizer and the inoculant into the metal liquid by using blowing equipment, and carrying out spheroidizing and inoculation treatment to realize complete spheroidizing and complete inoculation of the metal liquid. Specifically, a blowing device is used for blowing nodulizing agent powder containing magnesium alloy into molten metal for nodulizing and blowing inoculant powder containing silicon-barium alloy, wherein alloy magnesium is added into the inoculant powder for inoculating the molten metal. According to the process method for controlling spheroidization of the nodular cast iron, the modification process of the nodular cast iron is accurately controlled by blowing the alterant, the metallographic detection of the cast test block stably meets the requirements of the national standard 1-2 grade metallographic structure, the production process method is stable and reliable, the spheroidization rate can reach more than 95%, and the defect of waste products caused by unqualified spheroidization rate is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1: prior art production of casting golden picture (100um)
FIG. 2: the process method of the invention produces the gold phase picture (100um) of the casting
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments in order to better illustrate the technical features and advantages of the invention. Note that the following described embodiments are illustrative only for explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the embodiment, a blade casting of an axial flow fan is taken as an example, the material QT is 400-15, the integral wall thickness of the casting is 4-130mm, the performance of the casting is the national standard normal requirement mark, the specification during production requires that the 130mm rear part is subjected to solid sampling for core metallographic detection, and the VI type graphite is required to be more than or equal to 80%. The normal flushing method can not stably meet the standard requirement due to process fluctuation, and the wire feeding production mode can not solve the contradiction because the spheroidization and the inoculation are carried out together, so that the metallographic phase can not meet the requirement.
The smelting process method mainly comprises the following steps:
selecting and adding raw materials in proportion: selecting Q10 pig iron, scrap steel and machine iron as raw materials, wherein the adding amount of the three raw materials is respectively 50%, 20% and 30% according to the mass ratio, and the adding sequence is that half of the total amount of the Q10 pig iron, the scrap steel, the machine iron and the rest half of the Q10 pig iron are sequentially added;
preparing nodulizer powder and inoculant powder: the components of the nodulizer powder and the inoculant powder and the mass fractions of the elements are shown in Table 1 (Table 1 in mass percent). By adopting the mode of spheroidizing control of the molten metal by using the spheroidizing agent powder and the inoculant powder, the cost of the steel sheet of the cored wire coil and the cost and time of the steel sheet coating process are effectively saved, and the production efficiency is improved.
TABLE 1 ingredient table of nodulizer powder and inoculant powder
| Name of alterant | Silicon | Calcium carbonate | Aluminium | Magnesium alloy | Rhenium | Barium salt | Magnesium oxide | Particle size (mm) |
| Nodulizer powder | 46.5 | 2.6 | 0.8 | 26.7 | 2.8 | 0.57 | 1.4 | |
| Inoculant powder | 76.6 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 2.4 | 3.6 | 1.7 |
Smelting: smelting the selected raw materials, wherein in the smelting process, the melting temperature is less than 1380 ℃, sampling is carried out at 1425 ℃ after molten metal is molten down, parallel component detection is carried out, and the detection and adjustment components are shown in the following table 2 (table 2 is in percentage by mass);
TABLE 2 ingredient table before spheroidizing inoculation of blade casting
| Chemical composition | Carbon equivalent | Carbon (%) | Silicon (%) | Manganese (%) | Sulfur (%) | P(％) |
| Percentage content | 4.24 | 3.75 | 1.49 | 0.16 | 0.0176 | 0.028 |
Spheroidizing: the components of the molten metal meet the standard, the temperature is raised to 1485 ℃ and the temperature is kept for 3 minutes, tapping is carried out with spheroidization modification, 1.1 ton of tapping is carried out by using 1.5 ton of ductile iron casting ladle, a nitrogen valve is opened, the pressure is controlled at 0.5MPa, the injection refractory pipe is put into the molten metal, and a ladle cover is covered. And opening a valve of a first spheroidizing tank filled with spheroidizing agent powder, wherein a control valve of the spheroidizing agent powder is positioned at the bottom of the molten metal casting ladle ball, the adding amount of the spheroidizing agent powder is 5.4kg, and closing the spheroidizing agent valve after the spheroidizing reaction is finished. The nodulizer powder is blown into the bottom of the molten metal through the nitrogen carrier for the refractory tube, so that 100 percent nodulizing of the molten metal is effectively realized, and the nodulizing effect is good.
Inoculation treatment: and opening a valve of a second spheroidizing tank filled with the inoculant powder, adding 5kg of the inoculant powder, and carrying out inoculation homogenization under the stirring action of nitrogen. Because alloy magnesium is added into the inoculant powder, the metal liquid after spheroidizing treatment is blown into the inoculant powder, and the nitrogen and the magnesium play a good stirring role on the inoculant powder, so that inoculation is more uniform. And the treatment mode of firstly spheroidizing and then inoculating realizes the spheroidization and inoculation functions with the maximum effect, the molten metal is completely spheroidized and inoculated, and meanwhile, the precise control of the spheroidization inoculation is also realized.
Pouring: the key process parameters of pouring are controlled as follows: 1390 deg.C; secondly, inoculating for 8 minutes and 24 seconds; the degree of supercooling in front of the furnace is 5, and the degree of supercooling in the back of the furnace is 2. The molten metal after spheroidizing inoculation is used for pouring the blade casting, and the components of the molten metal are shown in the table 3;
TABLE 3 blade casting composition table
| Chemical composition | Carbon equivalent | Carbon (%) | Silicon (%) | Manganese (%) | Sulfur (%) | P(％) | Magnesium (%) |
| Percentage content | 4.57 | 3.71 | 2.59 | 0.18 | 0.0085 | 0.029 | 0.047 |
The smelting process method of the invention is used for casting blade castings, the solid tensile strength is 434MPa, the standard of customers is achieved, the metallographic phase improvement effect is obvious, the contradiction of spheroidization inoculation is solved well by the blowing process, the molten metal is completely spheroidized and inoculated, and the nucleation condition is increased.
Claims (10)
1. A process method for controlling spheroidization of nodular cast iron is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. selecting raw materials;
b. respectively preparing nodulizer powder and inoculant powder;
c. smelting the raw materials;
d. blowing the nodulizer powder into molten metal for nodulizing;
e. and blowing the inoculant powder into the spheroidized molten metal for inoculation.
2. The process method for controlling spheroidization of spheroidal graphite cast iron according to claim 1, wherein the raw materials are Q10 pig iron, scrap steel and machine iron, the mass ratio of the Q10 pig iron is 50-70%, the mass ratio of the scrap steel is 0-20%, and the mass ratio of the machine iron is 10-40%, and the raw materials are added in sequence of half Q10 pig iron, scrap steel, machine iron and the rest half Q10 pig iron.
3. The process method for controlling spheroidization of spheroidal graphite cast iron according to claim 1, wherein the components of the prepared spheroidizing agent powder and the mass fractions of the elements are respectively 44-48% of silicon, 8-9% of calcium, less than 1% of aluminum, 25-28% of magnesium, 2-3% of rhenium and less than 1% of magnesium oxide; the granularity of the nodulizer powder is 0.2-2 mm.
4. The process method for controlling spheroidization of spheroidal graphite cast iron according to claim 1, wherein the mass fractions of the components and the elements of the inoculant powder are 72-78% of silicon, 1-2% of calcium, less than 1.5% of aluminum, 2-3% of magnesium and 2-4% of barium respectively; the grain size of the inoculant powder is 0.2-2 mm.
5. The process for controlling spheroidization of spheroidal graphite cast iron according to claim 1, wherein the melting temperature of the raw material is less than 1380 ℃ for melting when melting, the sampling detection temperature after melting is controlled between 1420 ℃ and 1440 ℃ for detecting and adjusting the components of the molten metal before spheroidization inoculation, and the overheating temperature is controlled between 1470 ℃ and 1490 ℃ for heat preservation for 3-5 minutes for overheating treatment.
6. The process method for controlling spheroidization of spheroidal graphite cast iron according to claim 5, wherein the molten metal components before spheroidization inoculation are, by mass, 3.7-3.8% of carbon, 1.4-1.6% of silicon, less than 0.2% of manganese, less than or equal to 0.018% of sulfur, less than or equal to 0.03% of phosphorus, and 4.16-4.33% of carbon equivalent.
7. The process method for controlling spheroidization of spheroidal graphite cast iron according to claim 1, wherein an injection device is used for injecting the nodulizing agent and the inoculant, nitrogen is used for supplying the gas to the injection device, and the pressure of the nitrogen is controlled to be 0.4-0.6 MPa.
8. The process for controlling spheroidization of spheroidal graphite cast iron according to claim 7, wherein the blowing amount of the spheroidizing agent powder is 5kg/t molten metal by blowing the spheroidizing agent powder from the bottom of the molten metal at a flow rate of 4 to 5kg/min when blowing the spheroidizing agent powder by using a blowing device.
9. The method for controlling spheroidization of spheroidal graphite cast iron according to claim 7, wherein the inoculant powder is blown in from the bottom of the molten metal at a flow rate of 5 to 6kg/min by using a blowing device, and the blowing amount of the inoculant powder is 4.5kg/t of the molten metal.
10. The process method for controlling spheroidization of spheroidal graphite cast iron according to claim 1, wherein the molten metal after spheroidization inoculation comprises, by mass, 3.7-3.8% of carbon, 2.5-2.6% of silicon, less than 0.2% of manganese, 0.008-0.01% of sulfur, less than or equal to 0.03% of phosphorus, 0.035-0.05% of magnesium, and 4.5-4.6% of carbon equivalent.
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- 2021-03-25 CN CN202110306150.5A patent/CN113088803B/en active Active
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