CN103290300A - Casting method of thick large section ferrite nodular cast iron - Google Patents
Casting method of thick large section ferrite nodular cast iron Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a casting method of thick large section ferrite nodular cast iron. The casting method comprises the steps: melting pig iron and scrap steel, adding ferrosilicon to melt, and obtaining a raw iron liquid; then performing spheroidization of the raw iron liquid by punching, and adding Sb while spheroidizing; after finishing spheroidization, adding an inoculant for inoculation with stirring; after finishing incubation, pouring the iron liquid with the pouring temperature of 1320 to 1360 DEG C; during the pouring process, adding the inoculant and performing inoculation along with the liquid; controlling poured iron liquid components, and finally obtaining an iron liquid comprising the components, in weight percent: C 3.50-3.70%, Si 1.90-2.30%, Mn <= 0.30%, P <= 0.30%, S <= 0.020%, Re 0.010-0.030%, Mg 0.020-0.060%, Sb 0%-0.010%, and the balance being iron; and cooling the iron liquid to obtain the nodular cast iron. The obtained nodular cast iron has the advantages of high tensile strength, high elongation rate and high impacting energy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Casting Technology field of spheroidal graphite cast iron, be applicable to and produce the thick and large section ferrite ductile cast iron under the as cast condition, be specifically related to a kind of castmethod of thick and large section ferrite ductile cast iron.
Background technology
Big section (wall thickness is greater than 120mm) spheroidal graphite cast iron is because speed of cooling is slow, the eutectic solidification time is long, in process of cooling, produce chunky graphite easily, chunky graphite is claimed dendrite graphite again, macroscopic greyness fracture appears in finger in the center of thick-wall nodular iron, its microtexture is chunky graphite and ferrite matrix, and this tissue can obviously reduce the performance of magnesium iron, often comes across in the heavy section ductile iron.According to the difference of chunky graphite shared volume fraction in tissue, chunky graphite can make the tensile strength of foundry goods reduce by 20%～40%, and elongation reduces by 50%～80%, and ballistic work reduces more than 50%.
Goal of the invention
The present invention is directed to the above-mentioned deficiency of prior art, the castmethod of a kind of tensile strength, elongation, thick and large section ferrite ductile cast iron that ballistic work is high is provided.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of castmethod of thick and large section ferrite ductile cast iron, and preparation process comprises:
(1) with after the pig iron and the fusing of steel scrap adding medium-frequency induction furnace, add the ferrosilicon fusing and obtain original iron melt, original iron melt is heated to 1450～1500 ℃;
(2) with pouring method original iron melt is carried out nodularization then, the nodulizing agent add-on is 1～3% of original iron melt weight, adds metal Sb in the time of nodularization; It is the nucleating agent of 3～8mm that spheroidizing reacion finishes back adding particle diameter, and innoculant adding quantity is 0.3～0.4% of original iron melt weight, and stirring is bred;
(3) breed end after, iron liquid is poured into a mould, the teeming temperature of iron liquid is 1320～1360 ℃; The nucleating agent that adds particle diameter and be 0.2～1mm in casting process carries out current-following inoculation, and innoculant adding quantity is 0.1～0.2% of pig iron amount; The iron liquid composition of control cast makes the final iron liquid weight percent composition that obtains be: C3.50-3.70%, Si1.90-2.30%, Mn≤0.30%, P≤0.30%, S≤0.020%, Re0.010-0.030%, Mg0.020-0.060%, Sb0%-0.010%, surplus is iron; Obtain the thick and large section ferrite ductile cast iron after the iron liquid cooling but.
The above-mentioned nodulizing agent of the present invention is the T-1 nodulizing agent; Described nucleating agent is the BS-1 nucleating agent.
As preferably, Sb weight percent component content is 0.0006%-0.0008% in the final iron liquid that obtains of above-mentioned steps of the present invention (3).
The above-mentioned method that pours of the present invention is the industry ordinary method.
The ferrosilicon of above-mentioned steps of the present invention (1) is that silicon content is the 75# ferrosilicon of 75wt%.
The selection of the iron liquid composition of the above-mentioned final acquisition of the present invention, based on following factor:
The control of carbon (C) content: carbon promotes greying, reduce chilling tendency, improve liquidity, increase the volumetric expansion when solidifying, therefore adopt higher carbon content, can the expansion by graphite realize ironcasting from feeding, reduce the generation of shrinkage porosite, shrinkage cavity, still, can cause graphite floatation when carbon content is too high, reduce mechanical property, therefore final iron liquid carbon content control is between 3.50%～3.70%.
The control of silicon (Si) content: silicon obviously promotes greying, and to cast condition ductile iron, increasing silicon content has dual function.It reduces cementite, perlite, ternary iron phosphide eutectic on the one hand, and ferrite content increases, thereby reduces intensity and hardness, changes plasticity; The solution strengthening ferrite of silicon improves yield-point and hardness on the other hand.The nodular iron casting of general cast ferrite matrix, its whole silicon can not be higher than 2.4 ﹪, controls in the scope of 1.90 ﹪～2.30 ﹪ for this foundry goods silicon.
The control of manganese (Mn) content: manganese can increase the stability of cementite, and stable perlite, but manganese produces segregation on the eutectic cell border easily, forms carbide, and is even more serious in thick big middle segregation.Therefore, when producing this product, manganese content control is below less than 0.30 ﹪.
The control of phosphorus (P) content: when P 〉=0.50%, segregation forms iron phosphide eutectic easily, worsens cast iron in spheroidal graphite cast iron, thus phosphorus content control below 0.30 ﹪.
The control of sulphur (S) content: sulphur is carbide-forming element, consumes the nodularization element, and base iron sulphur content Gao Shihui causes the sulfide slag inclusion to increase, and accelerates decaying spheroidisation speed and forms micro-slag inclusion.Therefore, the sulphur content of final iron liquid is controlled below 0.020 ﹪.
Rare earth (Re) control: rare earth is the nodularization element,, sulphur content height (cupola melting) poor according to China's irony and the low situation of tapping temperature, and the adding rare earth is necessary.Rare earth can promote spheroidization of graphite on the one hand, overcomes the influence of sulphur and interference element on the other hand.But when content of rare earth is too high, various dysplastic type graphite can occur, chilling tendency also increases, and therefore, content of rare earth is controlled between 0.010%-0.030%.
The control of magnesium (Mg) content: magnesium is the dominant element of spheroidization of graphite, and add-on is low excessively, can make the imperfect or decaying spheroidisation of nodularization, but too high residual magnesium easily produces slag inclusion, and the tendency of " Magnesium Silicate q-agent ' primary slag " improves greatly.So, Mg content is controlled between 0.020%-0.060%.
The control of antimony (Sb) content: micro-antimony can refinement graphite, improves graphite form, suppresses chunky graphite to occur in the thick and large section, and is too high but the antimony amount adds, and can cause graphite morphology, and therefore, the add-on span of control of antimony is between 0%-0.010%.
Advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect:
The present invention is by the control to melting technology, spheroidization and inoculation processing, pouring technology, and the control of iron liquid composition is as adding the metal Sb cast of certain content, by being dissected, cast gained foundry goods detects, method of the present invention is eliminated the appearance of the chunky graphite distortion phenomenon in the heavy section ductile iron, and the foundry goods of acquisition has tensile strength, elongation, advantage that ballistic work is high.
Description of drawings
Metallograph before the corrosion of Fig. 1 embodiment 1 gained foundry goods.
Fig. 2 embodiment 1 gained foundry goods corrosion (3% nitric acid alcohol) back metallograph.
Metallograph before the corrosion of Fig. 3 embodiment 2 gained foundry goods.
Fig. 4 embodiment 2 gained foundry goods corrosion (3% nitric acid alcohol) back metallograph.
Metallograph before the corrosion of Fig. 5 embodiment 3 gained foundry goods.
Fig. 6 embodiment 3 gained foundry goods corrosion (3% nitric acid alcohol) back metallograph.
Metallograph before the corrosion of Fig. 7 embodiment 4 gained foundry goods.
Fig. 8 embodiment 4 gained foundry goods corrosion (3% nitric acid alcohol) back metallograph.
Specific implementation method:
Below by embodiment the present invention is described in further detail, but the present invention not only is confined to following examples.
Adopt the present invention program to prepare thick and large section pearlite ductile iron spare, casting dimension is long: 250mm; Wide: 250mm; High 300mm, the control by to melting technology, spheroidization and inoculation processing, pouring technology changes the Sb add-on, and cast is organized different test blocks and is compared.
Adopt medium-frequency induction furnace to carry out melting, furnace charge is the Q10 pig iron+steel scrap, nodulizing agent is the T-1 nodulizing agent, the nodularization mode is for pouring method (industry ordinary method), breed instant inoculation when adopting the BS-1 nucleating agent to carry out current-following inoculation and cast, the nucleating agent granularity is respectively 3-8mm and 0.2-1mm, after cast finishes the 250mm*250mm*300mm sample is dissected, get its heart portion position and be processed into tensile test bar and metallographic specimen, carry out tension, hardness detection and metallographic examination.
Embodiment 1:
After the 130kg pig iron and the fusing of 20kg steel scrap adding medium-frequency induction furnace, add 0.98kg75# ferrosilicon (siliceous weight is 75% in the ferrosilicon), obtain 3.82%C, 1.03%Si, 0.12%Mn, 0.030%P, the original iron melt of 0.018%S, iron liquid is heated to 1498 ℃, with pouring method it is carried out nodularization, and the nodulizing agent add-on is 2.6kg, it is 3-8mm nucleating agent 0.43kg that spheroidizing reacion finishes back adding granularity, stirring is bred, and adding granularity in casting process is that 0.2-1mm nucleating agent 0.2kg carries out current-following inoculation, and teeming temperature is 1336 ℃.The final iron liquid composition that obtains is: 3.60%C, and 1.94%Si, 0.12%Mn, 0.030%P, 0.009%S, 0.019%Re, 0.042%Mg, all the other are iron surplus and trace element.Foundry goods is carried out dissection and analysis, and the result is as follows:
The metallographic structure of table 1 embodiment 1 gained test block foundry goods
| Nodulizing grade | The graphite size | Perlite % | Ferrite % | Carbide % |
| Chunky graphite | ? | <5 | All the other | 0.5-1 |
The mechanical castings of table 2 embodiment 1 gained test block foundry goods
The metallograph of embodiment 1 gained test block foundry goods is seen Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
In addition, when not adding antimony as can be known from foundry goods dissection surface macrograph, can see the tangible blackspot of a circle in the foundry goods macroscopic view, observe metallographic, have a large amount of chunky graphites.The tensile strength of foundry goods and low-temperature impact work are starkly lower than the GB requirement.
Embodiment 2:
After the 130kg pig iron and the fusing of 20kg steel scrap adding medium-frequency induction furnace, add the 1.01kg75# ferrosilicon, obtain 3.84%C, 1.01%Si, 0.10%Mn, 0.025%P, the original iron melt of 0.017%S, iron liquid are heated to 1491 ℃, with pouring method it is carried out nodularization, the nodulizing agent add-on is 2.6kg, after spheroidizing reacion finishes, adds the 0.006kg metallic antimony with bell jar process, adding granularity then is 3-8mm nucleating agent 0.52kg, stirring is bred, and adding granularity in casting process is that 0.2-1mm nucleating agent 0.2kg carries out current-following inoculation, and teeming temperature is 1342 ℃.The final iron liquid composition that obtains is: 3.65%C, and 1.98%Si, 0.10%Mn, 0.025%P, 0.012%S, 0.019%Re, 0.046%Mg, 0.0042%Sb, all the other are iron surplus and trace element.Foundry goods is carried out dissection and analysis, and the result is as follows:
The metallographic structure of table 3 embodiment 2 gained test block foundry goods
| Nodulizing grade | The graphite size | Perlite % | Ferrite % | Carbide % |
| 3 | 5 | <5 | All the other | 0.5-1 |
The mechanical castings of table 4 embodiment 2 gained test block foundry goods
The metallograph of embodiment 2 gained test block foundry goods is seen Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.
After present embodiment adds 0.004% antimony, casting quality be improved significantly, nodulizing grade is good, chunky graphite is inhibited.The foundry goods low-temperature impact work satisfies the GB requirement, and tensile strength also is short of to some extent.
Embodiment 3:
After the 130kg pig iron and the fusing of 20kg steel scrap adding medium-frequency induction furnace, add the 1kg75# ferrosilicon, obtain 3.81%C, 1.02%Si, 0.12%Mn, 0.030%P, the original iron melt of 0.018%S, iron liquid are heated to 1497 ℃, with pouring method it is carried out nodularization, the nodulizing agent add-on is 2.6kg, after spheroidizing reacion finishes, adds the 0.012kg metallic antimony with bell jar process, adding granularity then is 3-8mm nucleating agent 0.51kg, stirring is bred, and adding granularity in casting process is that 0.2-1mm nucleating agent 0.2kg carries out current-following inoculation, and teeming temperature is 1349 ℃.The final iron liquid composition that obtains is: 3.63%C, and 1.99%Si, 0.12%Mn, 0.030%P, 0.012%S, 0.021%Re, 0.050%Mg, 0.0074%Sb, all the other are iron surplus and trace element.Foundry goods is carried out dissection and analysis, and the result is as follows:
The metallographic structure of table 5 embodiment 3 gained test block foundry goods
| Nodulizing grade | The graphite size | Perlite % | Ferrite % | Carbide % |
| 3 | 5 | About 5 | All the other | 0.5-1 |
The mechanical castings of table 6 embodiment 3 gained test block foundry goods
The foundry goods metallograph of embodiment 3 gained test block foundry goods is seen Fig. 5,6.
When the add-on of antimony is increased to 0.008%, casting quality be improved significantly, nodulizing grade is good, chunky graphite is inhibited.And every performance index of foundry goods all satisfy the GB requirement.
Embodiment 4:
After the 130kg pig iron and the fusing of 20kg steel scrap adding medium-frequency induction furnace, add the 1kg75# ferrosilicon, obtain 3.83%C, 1.01%Si, 0.10%Mn, 0.021%P, the original iron melt of 0.016%S, iron liquid are heated to 1495 ℃, with pouring method it is carried out nodularization, the nodulizing agent add-on is 2.6kg, after spheroidizing reacion finishes, adds the 0.015kg metallic antimony with bell jar process, adding granularity then is 3-8mm nucleating agent 0.52kg, stirring is bred, and adding granularity in casting process is that 0.2-1mm nucleating agent 0.2kg carries out current-following inoculation, and teeming temperature is 1340 ℃.The final iron liquid composition that obtains is: 3.62%C, and 2.03%Si, 0.10%Mn, 0.021%P, 0.011%S, 0.022%Re, 0.048%Mg, 0.0125%Sb, all the other are iron surplus and trace element.Foundry goods is carried out dissection and analysis, and the result is as follows:
The metallographic structure of table 7 embodiment 4 gained test block foundry goods
| Nodulizing grade | The graphite size | Perlite % | Ferrite % | Carbide % |
| 4 | 5 | <5 | All the other | 0.5-1 |
The mechanical castings of table 8 embodiment 4 gained test block foundry goods
The foundry goods metallograph of embodiment 4 gained test block foundry goods is seen Fig. 7,8.
When antimony amount add-on was increased to 0.01%, though chunky graphite is inhibited, the nodulizing grade of foundry goods descended to some extent, and tensile strength satisfies the GB requirement, and low-temperature impact work is a shade below the GB requirement.
Claims (3)
1. the castmethod of a thick and large section ferrite ductile cast iron, it is characterized in that: preparation process comprises:
(1) with after the pig iron and the fusing of steel scrap adding medium-frequency induction furnace, add the ferrosilicon fusing then and obtain original iron melt, original iron melt is heated to 1450～1500 ℃;
(2) with pouring method original iron melt is carried out nodularization then, the nodulizing agent add-on is 1～3% of original iron melt weight, adds metal Sb in the time of nodularization; It is the nucleating agent of 3～8mm that spheroidizing reacion finishes back adding particle diameter, and innoculant adding quantity is 0.3～0.4% of original iron melt weight, and stirring is bred;
(3) breed end after, iron liquid is poured into a mould, the teeming temperature of iron liquid is 1320～1360 ℃; Adding particle diameter in casting process is that 0.2～1mm nucleating agent carries out current-following inoculation, and innoculant adding quantity is 0.1～0.2% of pig iron amount; The iron liquid composition of control cast makes the final iron liquid weight percent composition that obtains be: C3.50-3.70%, Si1.90-2.30%, Mn≤0.30%, P≤0.30%, S≤0.020%, Re0.010-0.030%, Mg0.020-0.060%, Sb0%-0.010%, surplus is iron; Obtain the thick and large section ferrite ductile cast iron after the iron liquid cooling but.
2. the castmethod of thick and large section ferrite ductile cast iron according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described nodulizing agent is the T-1 nodulizing agent; Described nucleating agent is the BS-1 nucleating agent.
3. the castmethod of thick and large section ferrite ductile cast iron according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Sb weight percent component content is 0.0006%～0.0008% in the final iron liquid of described step (3).
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