CN113087163A - Plant community construction method suitable for beautifying and purifying water body in east China all year round - Google Patents
Plant community construction method suitable for beautifying and purifying water body in east China all year round Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2203/00—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2203/008—Mobile apparatus and plants, e.g. mounted on a vehicle
Abstract
The invention discloses a plant community construction method suitable for beautifying and purifying water in eastern China all the year round, which comprises the following steps: selecting perennial root plants which have high landscape value, can grow for many years, can live through winter in open field, are evergreen in four seasons and have strong water-moisture tolerance; carrying out combined design on the selected perennial root plants to obtain different plant communities; comprehensively evaluating the annual landscape effect and the required management intensity of the plant community; taking the designed plant community as a test plant community, taking a water sample of eutrophic water in east China to perform a water purification experiment, and calculating the annual growth range of the growth index of the plant; the water purification experiment results of each test plant community, the annual growth amplitude of growth indexes, the annual landscape effect and the required management intensity evaluation are integrated to determine the actually constructed plant community; and (4) constructing the determined actually constructed plant community in the water body area in east China. The invention can achieve the double effects of improving the annual landscape quality of the water body in east China and purifying the water quality all year round.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of water body beautification and purification, in particular to a plant community construction method suitable for annually beautifying and purifying water bodies in east China.
Background
After 2000 years, the economic construction of China enters a rapid development period, the effect obtained by the garden greening industry draws attention, and the qualitative leap of the quantity and the quality of public garden construction is realized. In recent decades, with the continuous promotion of ecological civilization construction and the gradual popularization of sustainable development concept, the relationship between garden landscape and ecological environment is increasingly tight, and landscape beautifies the environment and meanwhile has more and more attention on ecological protection and restoration. The beautification and purification tasks of various landscape water bodies and ecological water bodies represented by urban lakes, rivers and ponds become a focus of common attention in the industries such as gardens, landscapes, ecology, environment and the like.
Nitrogen and phosphorus are the most main pollution sources of urban water body pollution, and when the total nitrogen content in the water body exceeds 0.30mg/L and the total phosphorus content exceeds 0.02mg/L, the water body is judged to be 'eutrophic water body'. At present, the evaluation method of the water eutrophication degree does not form a unified standard, and the optional evaluation methods comprise a water quality index evaluation method, a comprehensive nutritional state index method, a gray clustering method, a BP neural network method, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, a Bayesian formula method and the like. The basic data amount, the calculation difficulty and the application range required by different evaluation methods are different, and the evaluation method needs to be reasonably selected according to the water body condition in actual operation. When scientific research and project practice of problems related to eutrophication of urban landscapes or ecological water bodies are carried out, the comprehensive nutrition state index method is a common evaluation method. According to the survey results published by the ministry of ecological environment of the people's republic of China, more than 90% of water bodies in main cities of China are polluted in different degrees, the eutrophication problem is severe, 80% of landscape lakes even reach the eutrophication degree, wherein the eutrophication degree reaches 30%, and the problems of turbid water quality and stinking water bodies are prominent. Therefore, practical and effective technical measures are taken to treat, repair or thoroughly solve the eutrophication problem of urban water bodies, and the maintenance of water body landscape and ecological benefits and the development of national economy and society are urgent.
The key to the treatment and restoration of eutrophic water is how to effectively reduce the pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the water, and the alternative technical methods mainly comprise a chemical reagent method, a membrane treatment technology, an activated sludge method and the like, but the technical methods generally have the defects of high technical cost, complex operation, short effect duration, landscape damage and the like. The aquatic plants or the hygrophytes are utilized to treat and repair the eutrophic water body, so that the method is low in cost, high in efficiency and long in duration, and is the only method capable of simultaneously playing beautifying and purifying effects in all the treatment and repair methods, and therefore, the method has higher research and popularization values.
In scientific research and project practice about utilizing plants to purify eutrophic water, practitioners compare the effects of various aquatic plants and hygrophytes, and the main problems existing at present are that most of the aquatic plants and the hygrophytes form relatively fixed growth and development rules and adaptability to environmental factors after long-term natural evolution, seasonal leaf fall and withering phenomena are inevitably generated in actual planting and application, organs such as stems, leaves and fruits of the plants fall into the water to be decomposed, so that diseases and pests are bred, and adsorbed pollutants are returned to the water again to cause secondary pollution of the water.
The east China mainly comprises Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, and comprises a plurality of more economically developed cities. The integral natural condition in east China is superior, the urbanization process is fast, the economic development level is high, the population is dense, and the requirement on the environmental quality is high; therefore, a set of plant community construction method suitable for beautifying and purifying water in eastern China all the year round needs to be researched according to the geographical position and the climatic characteristics of the area.
The invention patent with the patent number of CN 105502666A relates to a method for constructing an amphibious plant community with a water purification function, wherein the plant community comprises more than 3 of 6 plants of giant reed, iris hemerocallis, pinwheel grass, reed, canna and celandine, and the main research point is the water purification effect of the plant community. The management measures for the plant community not only comprise the regulation of the growth vigor of the plants through pruning, pinching, forking or plant growth hormone in the plant growth period, but also the work of harvesting, digging and the like in the withering period of the plants.
The invention patent with the patent number of CN 104276662A relates to a method for purifying eutrophic landscape water by a plant floating bed, wherein the plant community comprises 5 species of floral leaf arundo donax linn, cattail, iris tectorum, thalictrum ramosissimum and yellow calamus, and the difference of water quality indexes of the eutrophic water without plants and separately planted with the floral leaf arundo donax linn, the cattail, iris tectorum, thalictrum tectorum and yellow calamus is compared; the water quality index includes dissolved oxygen content (DO), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), total phosphorus content (TP) and ammonia nitrogen content (NH)4 +-N), the implementation time of the water purification experiment is 4 months to 5 months in 2013, 32 days, the obtained mosaic giant reed, cattail, iris, thalictrum and calamus 5 plants have positive effects on the DO improvement of the eutrophic water body, and the plants have positive effects on COD, TP and NH in the water body4 +N all had a removing effect, but there was a difference between different plant species.
Aiming at the requirements of beautifying and purifying eutrophic water bodies in east China, the 2 invention patents are mainly stated on the construction method of plant groups consisting of different or single plants falling on the side slopes or water surfaces of the water bodies; the invention of patent No. CN 104276662 a also states the water purification effect of the constructed plant population consisting of a single kind of plants in the growing period of the plants, and none of the above 2 inventions concerns the water purification effect of the constructed plant population in the autumn and winter season and the annual landscape effect of the plant population. Specifically, 2 plant species of the invention wither in autumn and winter in east China, completely lose water purification capacity, and cause secondary pollution to water if the plants are harvested and dug in time; meanwhile, the landscape quality around the water body is obviously reduced after the plants wither. Therefore, the prior art can not solve the problems of the quality reduction of the landscape and the water quality reduction in autumn and winter of the water body in east China.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a plant community construction method suitable for beautifying and purifying water in east China all the year round, which can achieve the double effects of improving the annual landscape quality of the water and purifying the water quality all the year round, has outstanding landscape benefit, ecological benefit, economic benefit and social benefit, and has great popularization value.
In order to achieve the technical purpose and achieve the technical effect, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a plant community construction method suitable for beautifying and purifying water in east China all the year round comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting perennial root plants which have high landscape value, can grow for many years in eastern China, can live through winter in open field, are evergreen in four seasons and have strong water-moisture tolerance;
(2) combining the plant height, the plant size, the plant shape and the color of the plant to carry out combined design on the selected multiple perennial root plants to obtain multiple different plant communities;
(3) constructing the designed plant community on the side slope and the water surface of the eutrophic water body in east China, and carrying out comprehensive evaluation on the annual landscape effect and the required management intensity of the plant community designed in the step (2) according to the landscape effect evaluation index and the required management measures;
(4) taking the plant community designed in the step (2) as a test plant community, taking a water sample of eutrophicated water in eastern China to perform a water purification experiment of the test plant community, measuring growth indexes of plants related to the test plant community, and calculating the annual growth amplitude of the growth indexes;
(5) synthesizing the water purification experiment results of each test plant community, the annual growth amplitude of the growth indexes, the annual landscape effect in the step (3) and the required management intensity evaluation to determine the final actually constructed plant community;
(6) and (4) constructing the actually constructed plant community determined in the step (5) on a water body side slope or water surface in east China.
Further, in the step (2), dividing the selected perennial root plants into 3 groups of high, medium and low according to plant height; each plant community is designed to include at least 1 plant in the high group, at least 1 plant in the medium group, and at least 1 plant in the low group.
Further, the landscape effect evaluation indexes comprise whether the selected plants are evergreen, plant shape combination of the plant community, ornamental colors provided by the plant community all year round, main ornamental seasons of flowering plants in the plant community and plant growth vigor.
Further, aiming at east China, the perennial plants selected in the step (1) comprise 12 plants of pygeum tataricum, pygeum flabellatum, drocalamus latiflorus, golden aster, Louisiana iris, Delelia crispa, juncus effusus, Solms palusta, rhizoma acori graminei, golden leaf grass sedge and tulbaghia vielacea.
Furthermore, for the 12 perennial plants selected in step (1), the plant height, the plant size, the plant shape and the color are combined to design 8 plant communities, which are respectively as follows: phragmites australis, emerald glory, golden leaf grassleaf sweelflag rhizome, floral leaf phragmites australis, louisiana iris rhizome, grassleaf sweelflag rhizome, droughhaired fig, aloeswood willow, golden leaf sedge, golden chrysanthemum, juncus effusus, livid iris rhizome, golden leaf grassleaf sweelflag rhizome, droughhaired fig, lewisian iris rhizome, grassleaf sweelflag rhizome, lequin glorybower, rush, juncus, grassleaf sweelflag rhizome, leaf phragmites australis, emerald green reeves, tulip, golden chrysanthemum, juncus, and golden leaf sedge.
Further, in the water purification experiment in the step (4), the chlorophyll a content, the ammonia nitrogen content, the total phosphorus content, the transparency, the permanganate index and the dissolved oxygen content of the water samples at the beginning and at the end of the season are respectively measured in summer and winter, and the eutrophication condition of the water samples is evaluated by utilizing a comprehensive nutrition state index method.
Furthermore, after the 8 designed plant communities are used as the test plant communities for water purification experiments, the water purification experiment results, the annual growth range of the growth indexes, the annual landscape effect in the step (3) and the required management intensity evaluation of each test plant community are integrated, and the final actually constructed plant community is determined as follows: short pampasgrass, emerald green leaf, golden leaf and grassleaved sweetflag rhizome, floral pampas leaf, louisiana iris, grassleaved sweetflag rhizome, short pampasgrass, emerald green leaf, louisian iris, golden leaf and grassleaved sweetflag rhizome, droguet groundsel, louisian iris, juncus effusus and grassleaved sweetflag rhizome.
Further, in the step (6), the determined actually constructed plant community is constructed on a water body slope with the water depth not more than 5cm in east China, or is fixed by means of a prefabricated floating plate and then floats on the water surface.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a plant community construction method suitable for water bodies in east China, aiming at the annual demand of the east China on water body landscapes, the outstanding problems of most landscapes and ecological water body eutrophication and the like, so as to achieve the double effects of improving the annual landscape quality of the water bodies and purifying the water quality annually. The plant community constructed by the method can grow for many years in east China, can live through winter in open, is evergreen in all seasons, has no seasonal leaf fall and withering phenomenon, can build a stable landscape with seasonal changes, can avoid heavy work such as harvesting, salvaging, digging and the like of planted plants in autumn and winter, can not cause secondary pollution of a water body, has obvious adsorption effect on pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the water body all the year round, and has obvious effect of purifying the water quality; the plant community construction method has prominent landscape benefit, ecological benefit, economic benefit and social benefit, and has great popularization value.
Compared with the prior art, for example, compared with the invention patent with the patent number of CN 105502666A, the invention has the advantages that: on one hand, the invention designs and evaluates the plant community in a synergistic way from two angles of water purification effect and beautification effect of the plant community, so that the actually constructed plant community not only can purify water efficiently year by year, but also can provide stable and seasonal landscape year by year; on the other hand, the biological characteristics of the plants, the geographical positions and the climatic characteristics of the east China are fully considered in the selection of the plants, the selected plants can grow in the east China for many years, can live through the winter in open field, are evergreen in all seasons, are managed at ultralow level, and have no secondary pollution. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the invention radically solves the problems of the quality reduction of the landscape and the water quality reduction of the water body in east China in autumn and winter, and the like.
For another example, compared with the invention patent with patent number CN 104276662 a, the advantages of the invention are mainly: on the first hand, the invention designs the plant community formed by mutually matching different plants, which is beneficial to realizing the advantage complementation of the water purification capacities of different plants and improving the integral water purification capacity of the plant community, and on the premise of reasonable design, the water purification effect of the plant community formed by different kinds of plants is better than that of the plant community formed by single kind of plants; in a second aspect, the invention makes annual evaluation of the water purification effect of each plant community, especially in summer and winter, and establishes a link between the water purification effect of the plant community and the growth speed of the plants involved; in the third aspect, the invention attaches importance to the annual beautifying effect while ensuring the annual water purification effect of the plant community, so that the actually constructed plant community can not only purify water efficiently annually, but also provide stable and seasonal landscapes annually.
Therefore, compared with the prior art, the plant community construction method provided by the invention is more comprehensive, has better beautifying and water purifying effects, and can radically solve the problems of landscape quality reduction, water quality reduction and the like of water bodies in east China in autumn and winter.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a plant community construction method suitable for beautifying and purifying water in eastern China all the year round, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting perennial root plants which have high landscape value, can grow for many years in eastern China, can live through winter in open field, are evergreen in four seasons, have strong water-moisture tolerance and can avoid heavy work such as harvesting, salvaging, digging and the like of planted plants in autumn and winter;
(2) combining the plant height, the plant size, the plant shape and the color of the plant to carry out combined design on the selected multiple perennial root plants to obtain multiple different plant communities;
in the step (2), dividing the selected perennial root plants into 3 groups of high, medium and low according to plant height; each plant community is designed to comprise at least 1 plant in the high group, at least 1 plant in the medium group and at least 1 plant in the low group;
(3) constructing the designed plant community on the side slope and the water surface of the eutrophic water body in east China to perform planting experiments, and performing comprehensive evaluation on the annual landscape effect and the required management intensity of the plant community designed in the step (2) according to landscape effect evaluation indexes and required management measures;
the landscape effect evaluation indexes comprise whether the selected plants are evergreen, plant community plant shape combination, ornamental colors capable of being provided by the plant community all year round, main ornamental seasons of flowering plants in the plant community and plant growth vigor;
(4) taking the plant community designed in the step (2) as a test plant community, taking a water sample of eutrophicated water in eastern China to perform a water purification experiment of the plant community, measuring growth indexes of plants related to the test plant community, and calculating the annual growth amplitude of the growth indexes;
in the water purification experiment, the chlorophyll a content (chla) and the ammonia nitrogen content (NH) of a water sample need to be periodically measured4 +-N), total nitrogen content (TN), total phosphorus content (TP), transparency (SD), permanganate index (COD)Mn) And measuring the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) content, and evaluating the eutrophication condition of the water sample by utilizing a comprehensive nutritional state index method. In the water purification experiment, particularly, the eutrophication indexes of water samples at the early and late summer seasons and at the early and late winter seasons need to be measured.
The comprehensive nutrition state index calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, TLI (Sigma)Indicating a comprehensive nutritional status index; wjA relative weight representing the nutritional status index of the jth parameter; tli (j) denotes the index of nutritional status of the jth parameter; m represents the number of evaluation parameters;
taking chla as a reference parameter, the normalized correlation weight calculation formula of the jth parameter is as follows:
in the formula, rij 2Representing the correlation coefficient of the jth parameter and the chla; m represents the number of evaluation parameters;
the growth indexes of the plants related to the test plant community comprise plant height and crown width, and concretely, the annual growth range of the plant height and the crown width is calculated according to the formula:
the annual increase rate (%) of the plant height or crown width (the plant height or crown width after the plant grows for one whole year-the plant height or crown width at the time of plant planting) × 100%/the plant height or crown width at the time of plant planting;
(5) synthesizing the water purification experiment results of each test plant community, the annual growth amplitude of the growth indexes, the annual landscape effect in the step (3) and the required management intensity evaluation to determine the final actually constructed plant community;
(6) constructing the actually constructed plant community determined in the step (5) on a water body side slope or water surface in east China; more specifically, the determined actually constructed plant community is constructed on a water body slope with the water depth not more than 5cm, or is fixed by a prefabricated floating plate and then floats on the water surface.
The method for constructing a plant community of the present invention will be described below by way of specific examples.
Examples
(1) The selected landscape has high value, can grow for many years in eastern China, can live through winter in open field, is evergreen in four seasons, has strong water-moisture tolerance, and can avoid perennial root plants which are heavily harvested, salvaged, picked and dug and the like in autumn and winter; specifically comprises 12 plants of dwarf pampasgrass, floral leaf pampasgrass, drocalamus latiflorus, golden chrysanthemum, Louisiana iris, emerald green, juncus effuses, hairy rehmannia leaf wallflower willow, grassleaf sweelflag rhizome, golden leaf carex and tulbaghia vielacea.
(2) Combining the plant height, the plant size, the plant shape and the color of the plant to carry out combined design on the selected 12 perennial root plants to obtain 8 different plant communities;
the 12 perennial root plants can be divided into 3 groups of high, medium and low according to the height, the group with the plant height more than or equal to 80cm is the high group comprising short pampasgrass, floral leaf pampasgrass, yerbadetajo herb and golden chrysanthemum, the group with the plant height more than or equal to 40cm but less than 80cm is the medium group comprising Louisiana iris, Delelia crispa, rush and Philippine glorybower leaf, the group with the plant height less than 40cm is the low group comprising grassleaf sweelflag rhizome, golden leaf sedge and tulbagel;
combining the plant quantity, plant shape and color, and designing the 12 perennial root plants into 8 plant communities according to the principle that each plant community comprises at least 1 plant in a high group, at least 1 plant in a middle group and at least 1 plant in a low group; the 8 plant communities are respectively; phragmites australis, emerald glory, golden leaf grassleaf sweelflag rhizome, floral leaf phragmites australis, louisiana iris rhizome, grassleaf sweelflag rhizome, droughhaired fig, aloeswood willow, golden leaf sedge, golden chrysanthemum, juncus effusus, livid iris rhizome, golden leaf grassleaf sweelflag rhizome, droughhaired fig, lewisian iris rhizome, grassleaf sweelflag rhizome, lequin glorybower, rush, juncus, grassleaf sweelflag rhizome, leaf phragmites australis, emerald green reeves, tulip, golden chrysanthemum, juncus, and golden leaf sedge.
(3) Constructing the designed plant communities on the side slopes and the water surfaces of eutrophic water bodies in eastern China, and carrying out comprehensive evaluation on the annual landscape effect and the required management intensity of the 8 plant communities designed in the step (2) according to landscape effect evaluation indexes and required management measures; the evaluation results are shown in table 1;
the landscape effect evaluation indexes comprise whether the selected plants are evergreen, plant shape combination of the plant community, ornamental colors which can be provided by the plant community all year round, main ornamental seasons of flowering plants in the plant community and plant growth vigor.
TABLE 1 comprehensive evaluation of annual landscape and required management measures of various plant communities
As can be seen from Table 1, 12 plants related to 8 plant communities can create beautiful and rich landscape effects through the matching of plant height, plant size and plant shape and seasonal changes of leaf color and flower color on the basis of keeping evergreen all the year round. 8 perennial plants of dwarf pampasgrass, floral leaf pampasgrass, yerbadetajo herba, Louisiana iris, Delelia crispa, juncus effusus, grassleaf sweelflag rhizome and golden leaf calamus among the 12 perennial plants show good adaptability to direct planting on water slopes and floating planting on water surfaces, while 4 perennial plants of golden chrysanthemum, yellowweed willow, golden leaf sedge and tulip show good performance in the environment of floating planting on water surfaces and general performance in the environment of direct planting on water slopes. The method integrates the annual landscape effect and the required management measures of 8 plant communities, and considers that 4 plant communities of dwarf pampas grass, emerald green and golden leaf grassleaf sweelflag rhizome, floral pampas grass, lewisana iris, grassleaf sweelflag rhizome, dwarf pampas grass, emerald green and lewisana iris, golden leaf grassleaf sweelflag rhizome, drocalamus, lewisana iris, juncus effusus and grassleaf sweelflag rhizome have good and stable beautifying effect on the water body in east China and the required management intensity is extremely low; in addition, in other embodiments, other plant communities consisting of 8 perennial plants of dwarf pampas grass, floral pampas grass, droughhaired eupatorium herb, louisiana iris, emerald green, juncus effusus, grassleaf sweelflag rhizome and golden leaf calamus may be selected.
(4) Taking the 8 plant communities designed in the step (2) as test plant communities, taking water samples of eutrophicated water bodies in eastern China to perform water purification experiments of the test plant communities, measuring growth indexes of plants related to the test plant communities, and calculating annual growth amplitudes of the growth indexes;
in this example, the water purification experiment is carried out for one year, and the chlorophyll a (chla) content and the ammonia nitrogen content (NH) content of the water samples at the beginning and end of the season in both the summer season and the winter season are emphasized4 +-N), total nitrogen content (TN), total phosphorus content (TP), transparency (SD), permanganate index (COD)Mn) Respectively measuring the dissolved oxygen content (DO), and evaluating the eutrophication condition of the water sample by utilizing a comprehensive nutritional state index method; meanwhile, the plant height and the crown width of the plants related to each test plant community are respectively measured when the plants are planted and after the plants grow for one year, and the annual growth amplitude is calculated.
The specific experimental process is as follows:
4.1 Experimental apparatus and Experimental method
27 turnover boxes with the length, width and height of 56cm, 42cm and 26cm are respectively filled with 50L of medium eutrophication water from certain area in east China, and plants are fixed on the middle eutrophication water by a pre-made floating plate. The number of plants in each test plant community is based on the fact that the plant community completely covers the floating plate, the specific number of plants is shown in table 2, the design of completely random block groups is carried out, and the 3 times of repetition are carried out. In order to fully examine the water purification effect of the plant communities and simulate the natural water state, the water purification experiment (3.1.2019 to 2.28.2020) is carried out on 8 plant communities for one whole year, 3L of water is discharged every 7 days in the period, and the moderate eutrophic water with the same source is taken again to be replenished. During the experiment, the water quality indexes treated in different ways in summer and winter are mainly measured and the comprehensive nutrition state index is calculated. Specifically, the chlorophyll a content (chla) and the ammonia nitrogen content (NH) of the water sample are respectively measured at the beginning of summer and the beginning of winter (6 months 1 day in 2019 and 12 months 1 day in 2019) and at the end of summer and the end of winter (8 months 29 day in 2019 and 2 months 28 day in 2020)4 +-N), total nitrogen content (TN), total phosphorus content (TP), transparency (SD), permanganate index (COD)Mn) Dissolved oxygen content (DO); the plant height and crown width of 12 plants related to each test plant community are respectively measured during plant cultivation (3.1.2019) and after the plants grow for a whole year (2.28.2020), and the annual increase amplitude of the plant height and crown width is calculated.
TABLE 2 number of plants used for individual plant communities (monocot)
4.2 results of the experiment
TLI was calculated according to the comprehensive nutritional status index method based on the measured eutrophication index data, and the results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 purification effect of various plant communities on eutrophic water body in summer and winter
As can be seen from Table 3, each test plant community in this example can effectively play a role in water purification in both summer and winter, and can averagely reduce TLI by 11.81 in summer and increase DO by 3.26mg/L, and can averagely reduce TLI by 5.56 in winter and increase DO by 1.35 mg/L. Plants grow vigorously in summer, and the adsorption effect on pollutants is stronger than that in winter. As the selected plants are evergreen, branches and leaves can still keep normal growth in winter, and the plant still has a certain adsorption effect on pollutants in water. In addition, as can be seen from table 3, 6 plant communities of dwarf pampasgrass, emerald green, golden leaf grassleaved sweetflag, floral pampas grass, louisiana iris, grassleaf swertia pseudolaris, salix pedunculata, short pampas grass, veronicastrum falcatum, louisiana iris, golden leaf grassleaved sweetflag, droughhairyvein agrimony, louisian iris, juncus, grassleaf sweelflag, floral pampas grass, salix pedunculata, lirioides and tulip have obvious purification effects on water quality, while 2 plant communities of golden chrysanthemum, juncus efflerica, golden chrysanthemum, juncus, salix pedunculata, and golden leaf swertia have relatively small purification effects on water quality, which is related to branching characteristics and growth speed of related plant species. In short, since the purification effect of plants on water quality is closely related to biomass, it is preferable to give priority to the plant species having a high growth rate from the viewpoint of rapid reduction of pollutants in water.
The plant height and crown width annual growth range of the plants involved in each test plant community are shown in tables 4 and 5 respectively.
TABLE 4 annual growth amplitude of the plant height to which each plant community relates
TABLE 5 annual growth amplitude of the plant canopy amplitude involved in each plant community
As can be seen from tables 4 and 5, the plant height and crown width of 12 plants related to the test plant community are increased to some extent after the plants grow for one year. The plant height of the Louisiana iris, the juncus effusus, the grassleaf sweelflag rhizome and the golden leaf calamus is increased remarkably, the crown width of the golden chrysanthemum is increased remarkably, the plant height and the crown width of the dwarf pampasgrass, the floral leaf pampasgrass, the drooping umbrellas and the emerald green are increased remarkably, and the plant height and the crown width of the yellow leaf bearded willow, the golden leaf sedge and the tulbaghia vielacea are relatively small. This result is related to the branching characteristics and growth rate of the plants themselves, and all plants in this example were in good condition and did not suffer from withering or disease and pest phenomena regardless of the magnitude of growth index increase.
(5) And (3) synthesizing the water purification experiment results of each test plant community in summer and winter, the annual growth range of the related plant growth indexes, the annual landscape effect of the step (3) and the required management intensity, and taking synergistic consideration from two aspects of beautifying effect and water purification effect to determine that the final actually constructed plant community is as follows: phragmites australis, emerald green reed, golden leaf grassleaved sweetflag rhizome, phragmites australis, louisiana iris, grassleaf sweelflag rhizome, phragmites australis, emerald green reed, louisiana iris, golden leaf grassleaved sweetflag rhizome, droguet groundsel, louisiana iris, juncus effusus and grassleaf; in other embodiments, other plant communities consisting of 8 perennial plants of dwarf pamphlet, floral pamphlet, droughhaired eupatorium herb, louisian iris, emerald green, juncus effusus, grassleaf sweelflag rhizome and grassleaf sweetflag rhizome may also be selected.
(6) And (4) the actually constructed plant community determined in the step (5) is practically and widely applied, namely the determined actually constructed plant community is constructed on a water body side slope or water surface in east China.
In the actual construction process, the plant community can be constructed on a water body slope with the water depth not more than 5cm, and the specific method comprises the following steps: the planting density of the plants with the plant height of more than or equal to 80cm is 2 clusters/m2The plant planting density of the plant with the plant height of more than or equal to 40cm and less than 80cm is 5-7 clusters/m2The plant planting density of the plant height less than 40cm is 9-12 clusters/m2And the design and matching are carried out according to the posture and the color of the plant. The plant community can also be constructed on the water surface, and the specific method comprises the following steps: after the plants are matched according to the planting density and the design, the plants are fixed by the aid of the prefabricated floating plates and then float on the water surface.
After the plant community constructed by the plant community construction method is constructed on the water body side slope or the water surface in east China, the defects of the prior art can be overcome, the problems of reduced landscape quality in autumn and winter, secondary pollution of the water body and the like caused by seasonal leaf fall or withering of other aquatic or hygrophyte community combinations can be solved, a stable landscape with seasonal changes can be provided, heavy work such as plant harvesting, salvaging, digging and the like in autumn and winter of plants can be avoided, and continuous and effective water purification can be exerted all the year round.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents made by the contents of the present invention or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A plant community construction method suitable for beautifying and purifying water in east China all the year round is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting perennial root plants which have high landscape value, can grow for many years in eastern China, can live through winter in open field, are evergreen in four seasons and have strong water-moisture tolerance;
(2) combining the plant height, the plant size, the plant shape and the color of the plant to carry out combined design on the selected multiple perennial root plants to obtain multiple different plant communities;
(3) constructing the designed plant community on the side slope and the water surface of the eutrophic water body in east China, and carrying out comprehensive evaluation on the annual landscape effect and the required management intensity of the plant community designed in the step (2) according to the landscape effect evaluation index and the required management measures;
(4) taking the plant community designed in the step (2) as a test plant community, taking a water sample of eutrophicated water in eastern China to perform a water purification experiment of the test plant community, measuring growth indexes of plants related to the test plant community, and calculating the annual growth amplitude of the growth indexes;
(5) synthesizing the water purification experiment results of each test plant community, the annual growth amplitude of the growth indexes, the annual landscape effect in the step (3) and the required management intensity evaluation to determine the final actually constructed plant community;
(6) and (4) constructing the actually constructed plant community determined in the step (5) on a water body side slope or water surface in east China.
2. The method for constructing plant communities for annually beautifying and purifying water in eastern China according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the selected perennial root plants are divided into 3 groups of high, medium and low plant heights; each plant community is designed to include at least 1 plant in the high group, at least 1 plant in the medium group, and at least 1 plant in the low group.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the landscape effect assessment index includes whether the selected plants are evergreen, plant shape combination of plant communities, ornamental colors provided by plant communities, main ornamental seasons of flowering plants in plant communities and plant growth vigor.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the perennial plants selected in step (1) comprise 12 species of phragmites communis, phragmites australis, droughtonia prostrata, pennisetum purpureum, chrysanthemum indicum, loianna iris, perry, juncus effusus, salix pubescens, acorus gramineus, sedge goldensa, sedge tulip and tulip.
5. The method for constructing plant communities for annually beautifying and purifying water in eastern China according to claim 4, wherein for the 12 perennial root plants selected in step (1), the plant communities are designed by combining plant height, body mass, plant shape and color, and are respectively as follows: phragmites australis, emerald glory, golden leaf grassleaf sweelflag rhizome, floral leaf phragmites australis, louisiana iris rhizome, grassleaf sweelflag rhizome, droughhaired fig, aloeswood willow, golden leaf sedge, golden chrysanthemum, juncus effusus, livid iris rhizome, golden leaf grassleaf sweelflag rhizome, droughhaired fig, lewisian iris rhizome, grassleaf sweelflag rhizome, lequin glorybower, rush, juncus, grassleaf sweelflag rhizome, leaf phragmites australis, emerald green reeves, tulip, golden chrysanthemum, juncus, and golden leaf sedge.
6. The method for constructing plant communities for beautifying and purifying water in eastern China all the year round according to claim 1, characterized in that in the water purification experiment of step (4), the chlorophyll a content, ammonia nitrogen content, total phosphorus content, transparency, permanganate index and dissolved oxygen content of the water samples at the beginning and end of the season are respectively measured in summer and winter, and the eutrophication condition of the water samples is evaluated by using a comprehensive nutrition state index method.
7. The plant community construction method suitable for annually beautifying and purifying water in eastern China, according to claim 5, is characterized in that after 8 plant communities are used as test plant communities for water purification experiments, the water purification experiment results, the annual growth range of growth indexes, the annual landscape effect and the required management intensity evaluation of the step (3) of each test plant community are integrated, and the final actually constructed plant community is determined as follows: short pampasgrass, emerald green leaf, golden leaf and grassleaved sweetflag rhizome, floral pampas leaf, louisiana iris, grassleaved sweetflag rhizome, short pampasgrass, emerald green leaf, louisian iris, golden leaf and grassleaved sweetflag rhizome, droguet groundsel, louisian iris, juncus effusus and grassleaved sweetflag rhizome.
8. The method for constructing plant communities for annually beautifying and purifying water in eastern China according to claim 1, wherein in step (6), the determined actually constructed plant communities are constructed on the water slope with water depth not more than 5cm in eastern China, or are fixed by means of prefabricated floating plates and then float on the water surface.
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