CN113085664A - Energy management method of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle based on minimum equivalent hydrogen consumption - Google Patents
Energy management method of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle based on minimum equivalent hydrogen consumption Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/70—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses an energy management method of a hydrogen fuel cell automobile based on minimum equivalent hydrogen consumption, which is used for acquiring the SOC of an off-battery and the vehicle load required power Pload in the hydrogen fuel cell automobile in real time; sending the SOC of the storage battery and the load demand power Pload as input quantities into a preset target function for calculating the equivalent hydrogen consumption; and carrying out multivariable constrained optimal value solution on the objective function according to the set constraint conditions to obtain the power of the lithium battery and the power of the fuel battery when the equivalent hydrogen consumption is minimum, and carrying out power control on the power of the lithium battery and the power of the fuel battery when the equivalent hydrogen consumption is minimum. The invention has the advantages that: the power distribution is carried out on the fuel cell power and the power cell power of the fuel cell hybrid power system, so that the optimal selection of the energy management of the fuel cell is realized, the cruising ability is increased, and the fuel economy is realized; the minimum hydrogen consumption under the same condition is realized, and the fuel economy is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of energy management of new energy automobiles, in particular to an energy management method of a hydrogen fuel cell automobile based on minimum equivalent hydrogen consumption.
Background
The hydrogen fuel cell automobile is a new energy automobile which uses the electric energy generated by the vehicle-mounted fuel cell device as the power. At present, most automobiles use gasoline and diesel oil as fuels, so that not only is a large amount of petroleum resources consumed, but also the automobile exhaust causes serious atmospheric pollution. In order to deal with the resource problem and the environmental problem, new energy automobiles will become main vehicles in the future. The capacity of a hydrogen tank in a hydrogen storage system of the fuel cell is limited, and the reasonable utilization of hydrogen also becomes an important step in the fuel cell technology.
At present, the energy management control strategies of the fuel cell hybrid power system mainly include two main types, namely a switch control strategy and a power following control strategy. The switch control strategy has the advantages of stability and contribution to prolonging the service life of the system, but the defects are obvious: such tactical vehicles may present power limitations; however, the control of the following mode is quite complex, and the control mode needs the average power of the fuel cell system for providing the vehicle driving, so the control mode is generally applicable to an electric-electric hybrid system with larger electric pile power. Therefore, the energy management strategy with the minimum equivalent hydrogen consumption provided by the scheme can optimize the power distribution of the fuel cell system and the power cell system, realize the optimal selection of the energy management of the fuel cell, realize the minimum hydrogen consumption under the same condition and realize the fuel economy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides an energy management method of a hydrogen fuel cell automobile based on minimum equivalent hydrogen consumption, can optimize the power distribution of a fuel cell system and a power battery system, realizes the optimal selection of fuel cell energy management, increases the cruising ability and realizes the fuel economy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the method comprises the steps that a hydrogen fuel cell automobile obtains SOC (state of charge) of an off-battery and vehicle load required power Pload in the hydrogen fuel cell automobile in real time based on an energy management method with minimum equivalent hydrogen consumption;
sending the SOC of the storage battery and the load demand power Pload as input quantities into a preset target function for calculating the equivalent hydrogen consumption;
and carrying out multivariable constrained optimal value solution on the objective function according to the set constraint conditions to obtain the power of the lithium battery and the power of the fuel battery when the equivalent hydrogen consumption is minimum, and carrying out power control on the power of the lithium battery and the power of the fuel battery when the equivalent hydrogen consumption is minimum.
The preset objective function of the equivalent hydrogen consumption calculation is as follows:
the equivalent hydrogen consumption of the hydrogen fuel cell and the equivalent hydrogen consumption of the lithium battery are respectively calculated, and the two are added to be used as a target function.
Equivalent hydrogen consumption of hydrogen fuel cell
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein
The amount of hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell,
molar mass of hydrogen, NcellIs the number of cells in the stack, F is the Avogastron constant, t is the time, IFCIs the current of the fuel cell;
the equivalent calculation of the hydrogen consumption of the lithium battery is as follows: when P is presentbaWhen the ratio of (t) > 0,
when P is presentbaWhen (t) < 0, the reaction mixture,
wherein P isba(t) the required power of the lithium battery, mba(t) hydrogen consumption of lithium cell, maverageIs the average hydrogen consumption, p, of the fuel cellaverageIs the average power, η, of the fuel celldisFor the discharge efficiency of lithium battery, etachgAnd charging efficiency of the lithium battery is improved.
The multivariable constrained optimal value solution of the objective function means that the minimum value of the objective function is obtained based on the constraint condition
The constraint condition is
Pload＝Pfc(t)+Pba(t)；SOCmin≤SOCba(t)≤SOCmax；Pfcmin≤Pfc≤Pfcmax；
Pdischarge_limit＜Pba(t)＜Pcharge_limitWherein SOCba (t): a battery state of charge; SOCmin：
A minimum value of battery state of charge; SOCmax: the maximum value of the battery state of charge; pfcmin: a minimum value of power required by the fuel cell; pfcmax: the maximum value of the power required by the fuel cell; pdischarge_limit: maximum value of discharge power of the lithium battery; pcharge_limit: maximum value of charging power of the lithium battery; pload: the load demands power.
And solving the lithium battery power and the fuel battery power corresponding to the minimum value of the objective function by adopting a method for solving the minimum value of the nonlinear multivariate function for the objective function.
The invention has the advantages that: the power distribution is carried out on the fuel cell power and the power cell power of the fuel cell hybrid power system, so that the optimal selection of the energy management of the fuel cell is realized, the cruising ability is increased, and the fuel economy is realized; the minimum hydrogen consumption under the same condition is realized, and the fuel economy is realized.
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The contents of the expressions in the various figures of the present specification and the labels in the figures are briefly described as follows:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an energy management model for minimum hydrogen consumption according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of solving the power of the lithium battery and the power of the hydrogen fuel cell corresponding to the objective function output in the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of preferred embodiments of the invention will be made in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1: the energy management system of the hydrogen fuel cell automobile with the minimum hydrogen consumption is mainly used for distributing the power of the hydrogen fuel cell and the power of the lithium battery; and aiming at the minimum hydrogen consumption, the power of the hydrogen fuel cell and the power of the lithium battery are obtained by adopting a minimum hydrogen consumption calculation method, and the battery is controlled to output power according to the distributed power so as to provide power for the automobile. The specific scheme is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the energy management method for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle based on minimum equivalent hydrogen consumption comprises the following steps: real-time acquisition of off-battery SOC and vehicle load demand power P in hydrogen fuel cell vehicleload(ii) a Taking the parameters as input parameters of the objective function;
sending the SOC of the storage battery and the load demand power Pload as input quantities into a preset target function for calculating the equivalent hydrogen consumption;
and carrying out multivariable constrained optimal value solution on the objective function according to the set constraint conditions to obtain the power of the lithium battery and the power of the fuel battery when the equivalent hydrogen consumption is minimum, and carrying out power control on the power of the lithium battery and the power of the fuel battery when the equivalent hydrogen consumption is minimum.
The preset objective function solving mode for calculating the equivalent hydrogen consumption is as follows: the equivalent hydrogen consumption of the hydrogen fuel cell and the equivalent hydrogen consumption of the lithium battery are respectively calculated, and the two are added to be used as a target function. Equivalent hydrogen consumption of hydrogen fuel cell
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein
The amount of hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell,
molar mass of hydrogen, NcellIs the number of cells in the stack, F is the Avogastron constant, t is the time, IFCIs the current of the fuel cell;
the equivalent calculation of the hydrogen consumption of the lithium battery is as follows: when P is presentbaWhen the ratio of (t) > 0,
when P is presentbaWhen (t) < 0, the reaction mixture,
wherein P isba(t) the required power of the lithium battery, mba((t) is the hydrogen consumption of the lithium battery, naverageIs the average hydrogen consumption, p, of the fuel cellaverageIs the average power, η, of the fuel celldisFor the discharge efficiency of lithium battery, etaclgAnd charging efficiency of the lithium battery is improved.
And solving the lithium battery power and the fuel battery power corresponding to the minimum value of the objective function by adopting a method for solving the minimum value of the nonlinear multivariate function for the objective function. The multivariable constrained optimal value solution of the objective function means that the minimum value of the objective function is obtained based on the constraint condition
The constraint condition is
Pload＝Pfc(t)+Pba(t)；SOCmin≤SOCba(t)≤SOCmax；Pfcmin≤Pfc≤Pfcmax；
Pdischarge_limit＜Pba(t)＜Pcharge_limitWherein SOCba (t): a battery state of charge; SOCmin: a minimum value of battery state of charge; SOCmax: the maximum value of the battery state of charge; pfcmin: a minimum value of power required by the fuel cell; pfcmax: the maximum value of the power required by the fuel cell; pdischarge_limit: maximum value of discharge power of the lithium battery; pcharge_limit: maximum value of charging power of the lithium battery; pload: the load demands power.
The energy management strategy with the minimum equivalent hydrogen consumption provided by the invention can optimize the power distribution of the fuel cell system and the power cell system, realize the optimal selection of the energy management of the fuel cell, realize the minimum hydrogen consumption under the same condition and realize the fuel economy.
In the fuel cell electric vehicle set forth herein, the input amounts of the fuel cell system include the battery SOC and the load demand power Pload。
Hydrogen consumption of fuel cell
The equivalent calculation formula is
Wherein
The amount of hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell,
molar mass of hydrogen, NcellF is the Avogastron constant and t is the time; i isFC(t) is the current of the hydrogen fuel cell, due to its power Pfc＝Vfc*IfcIn which V isfcIs the voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell, whereby the equation can convert the hydrogen consumption equivalent equation of the hydrogen fuel cell intoThe variables are the formula of Pfc.
Hydrogen consumption (m) of lithium batteryba(t)) the equivalent calculation formula is: when P is presentbaWhen the ratio of (t) > 0,
when P is presentbaWhen (t) < 0, the reaction mixture,
wherein P isba(t) is the power demand of the battery, mba(t) is the equivalent hydrogen consumption of the lithium battery, maverageIs the average hydrogen consumption, p, of the fuel cellaverageIs the average power, η, of the fuel celldisFor the discharge efficiency of lithium battery, etachgAnd charging efficiency of the lithium battery is improved.
Then the objective function solving for the minimum can be expressed as the equivalent hydrogen consumption
f(t)And expressing the minimum value of the equivalent hydrogen consumption.
The constraint conditions are as follows: pload＝Pfc(t)+Pba(t)；SOCmin≤SOCba(t)≤SOCmax；Pfcmin≤Pfc≤Pfcmax；Pdischarge_limit＜Pba(t)＜Pcharge_limitAnd finally solving the objective function by a multivariable constrained optimal value method to obtain the required power (output power) of the fuel cell and the lithium cell under the lowest hydrogen consumption, wherein the process realizes the definition of the objective function, the definition of the constraint and the final calculation of the optimal solution, and the power control of the lithium cell and the hydrogen cell is carried out according to the power to realize the minimum hydrogen consumption control.
Remarking: SOC: a battery state of charge;
SOCmin: a minimum value of battery state of charge; SOCmax: the maximum value of the battery state of charge;
Pfcmin: a minimum value of power required by the fuel cell; pfcmax: the maximum value of the power required by the fuel cell;
Pdischarge_limit: maximum value of discharge power of the lithium battery; pcharge_limit: maximum value of charging power of the lithium battery; pload: the load demand power;
the management method is integrated in a battery management system or a vehicle-mounted controller of a vehicle to perform real-time calculation, so that real-time lithium battery power and hydrogen fuel cell power are obtained, and then the output power of the battery is correspondingly controlled according to the power, so that an energy management strategy with minimum hydrogen consumption is achieved, and further energy management and endurance mileage are improved.
The energy management strategy with minimum equivalent hydrogen consumption is established through a SIMULINK platform of MATLAB software, and in the fuel cell electric automobile set by the method, the input quantity of a fuel cell system comprises a storage battery SOC and load required power PloadThe hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell can be equivalently calculated as
Wherein
The amount of hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell,
molar mass of hydrogen, NcellF is the avogalois constant, t is the time; the hydrogen consumption of the lithium battery can be equivalently calculated as: when P is presentbaWhen the ratio of (t) > 0,
when P is presentbaWhen (t) < 0, the reaction mixture,
wherein P isba(t) is the power demand of the battery, mba(t) hydrogen consumption of lithium cell, maverageIs the average hydrogen consumption, p, of the fuel cellaverageIs the average power, η, of the fuel celldisFor the discharge efficiency of lithium battery, etachgAnd charging efficiency of the lithium battery is improved.
The objective function is then the equivalent hydrogen consumption
The constraint conditions are as follows: pload＝Pfc(t)+Pba(t)；SOCmin≤SOCba(t)≤SOCmax；Pfcmin≤Pfc≤Pfcmax；Pdischarge_limit＜Pba(t)＜Pcharge_limit。
And finally, solving by using a-fmincon function in matlab to obtain the required power of the fuel cell and the lithium cell under the lowest hydrogen consumption, defining an objective function, defining constraints, finally solving an optimal solution to obtain the minimum hydrogen consumption and the power of the lithium cell and the power of the hydrogen fuel cell corresponding to the minimum hydrogen consumption, and then realizing control according to the power.
The meaning of each letter in this application is ECMS: an equivalent consumption minimization strategy;
SOC: state of charge of battery
Pfc: the power demanded of the fuel cell;
Pba: the lithium battery requires power;
Pload: the load demand power;
Ifc: the current of the fuel cell;
Pfcopt: obtaining the power of the fuel cell after an optimization algorithm;
Pbaopt: and obtaining the power of the lithium battery after an optimization algorithm.
As shown in fig. 1, during actual vehicle operation, hydrogen fuel cell power and lithium battery power are output by the ECMS strategy correspondingly. Wherein the lithium battery SOC, the load power demand as input enters the ECMS and then outputs the power at minimum hydrogen consumption. As shown in fig. 2, the energy management strategy is to obtain the variable number value required by the corresponding objective function after starting, then calculate the hydrogen consumption, then perform optimization calculation on the obtained objective function of the hydrogen consumption, perform constraint calculation according to constraint conditions to obtain the minimum hydrogen consumption when the objective function is minimum,then obtaining the corresponding lithium battery power and fuel cell power when the objective function is minimum, and then outputting the hydrogen fuel cell power and the fuel cell power Pfcopt、Pbaopt。
It is clear that the specific implementation of the invention is not restricted to the above-described embodiments, but that various insubstantial modifications of the inventive process concept and technical solutions are within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The energy management method of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle based on the minimum equivalent hydrogen consumption is characterized in that: acquiring the SOC of an off-battery in a hydrogen fuel cell automobile and the vehicle load required power Pload in real time;
sending the SOC of the storage battery and the load demand power Pload as input quantities into a preset target function for calculating the equivalent hydrogen consumption;
and carrying out multivariable constrained optimal value solution on the objective function according to the set constraint conditions to obtain the power of the lithium battery and the power of the fuel battery when the equivalent hydrogen consumption is minimum, and carrying out power control on the power of the lithium battery and the power of the fuel battery when the equivalent hydrogen consumption is minimum.
2. The energy management method for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle based on the minimum equivalent hydrogen consumption according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preset objective function of the equivalent hydrogen consumption calculation is as follows:
the equivalent hydrogen consumption of the hydrogen fuel cell and the equivalent hydrogen consumption of the lithium battery are respectively calculated, and the two are added to be used as a target function.
3. The energy management method for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle based on the minimum equivalent hydrogen consumption according to claim 2, characterized in that: equivalent hydrogen consumption of hydrogen fuel cell
The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein
The amount of hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell,
molar mass of hydrogen, NcellIs the number of cells in the stack, F is the Avogastron constant, t is the time, IFCIs the current of the fuel cell.
4. The energy management method for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle based on the minimum equivalent hydrogen consumption according to claim 2, characterized in that: the equivalent calculation of the hydrogen consumption of the lithium battery is as follows: when P is presentbaWhen the ratio of (t) > 0,
when P is presentbaWhen (t) < 0, the reaction mixture,
wherein P isba(t) the required power of the lithium battery, mba(t) hydrogen consumption of lithium cell, maverageIs the average hydrogen consumption, p, of the fuel cellaverageIs the average power, η, of the fuel celldisFor the discharge efficiency of lithium battery, etachgAnd charging efficiency of the lithium battery is improved.
5. The energy management method for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle based on the minimum equivalent hydrogen consumption according to claim 2, characterized in that: the multivariable constrained optimal value solution of the objective function means that the minimum value of the objective function is obtained based on the constraint condition
6. The energy management method for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle according to claim 1 or 2 based on the minimum equivalent hydrogen consumption, characterized in that: the constraint condition is
Pload＝Pfc(t)+Pba(t)；SOCmin≤SOCba(t)≤SOCmax；Pfcmin≤Pfc≤Pfcmax；
Pdischarge_limit＜Pba(t)＜Pcharge_limitWherein SOCba (t): a battery state of charge; SOCmin: a minimum value of battery state of charge; SOCmax: the maximum value of the battery state of charge; pfcmin: a minimum value of power required by the fuel cell; pfcmax: the maximum value of the power required by the fuel cell; pdischarge_limit: maximum value of discharge power of the lithium battery; pcharge_limit: maximum value of charging power of the lithium battery; pload: the load demands power.
7. The energy management method for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle according to claim 1 or 2 based on the minimum equivalent hydrogen consumption, characterized in that: and solving the potassium battery power and the fuel battery power corresponding to the minimum value of the objective function by adopting a method for solving the minimum value of the nonlinear multivariate function on the objective function.
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| CN116373695B (en) * | 2023-05-25 | 2023-08-04 | 北京新研创能科技有限公司 | Energy output control method and device for cloud-based fuel cell |
| CN116653709A (en) * | 2023-07-31 | 2023-08-29 | 北京重理能源科技有限公司 | Method and system for energy management of multi-energy-source fuel cell system |
| CN116653709B (en) * | 2023-07-31 | 2023-10-24 | 北京重理能源科技有限公司 | Method and system for energy management of multi-energy-source fuel cell system |
| CN116796446B (en) * | 2023-08-25 | 2023-11-03 | 上海重塑能源科技有限公司 | Global optimization algorithm for fuel cell and power cell degradation |
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