CN113084347B - Wire-powder combined welding device and method - Google Patents
Wire-powder combined welding device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113084347B CN113084347B CN202110460781.2A CN202110460781A CN113084347B CN 113084347 B CN113084347 B CN 113084347B CN 202110460781 A CN202110460781 A CN 202110460781A CN 113084347 B CN113084347 B CN 113084347B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
- B23K26/0622—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
- B23K26/323—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved involving parts made of dissimilar metallic material
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a wire-powder combined welding device and method, and relates to the field of laser welding. The wire and powder combined welding device comprises a laser welding mechanism, a feeding mechanism positioned on one side of the laser welding mechanism and a pulse heating mechanism positioned on the other side of the laser welding mechanism and used for generating pulse current at a position to be welded; the feeding mechanism comprises a powder feeding mechanism for conveying filling powder materials to the position to be welded and a wire feeding mechanism for conveying filling wire materials to the position to be welded, and the wire feeding mechanism is positioned between the powder feeding mechanism and the laser welding mechanism. The powder feeding mechanism, the wire feeding mechanism and the laser welding mechanism are matched with the pulse heating mechanism, so that the purposes of powder presetting and synchronous wire feeding are achieved, the residual stress is reduced through the pulse heating mechanism, and the performance of a joint is improved. The welding device can ensure enough filling amount, the generation amount and thickness of intermetallic compounds on welding heat input and dissimilar material joint surfaces are reduced by the conduction welding powder feeding method, and the surface forming of a welding seam is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser welding, in particular to a wire-powder combined welding device and method.
Background
Brittle intermetallic compounds are easily formed in the welding process of dissimilar materials, and the toughness and the strength of a joint are influenced. Research results show that the smaller the thickness of the intermetallic compound is, the finer the structure is, the more favorable the joint with excellent performance is obtained, and the lower welding heat input is objectively required. The current method generally adopted by low welding heat input has the conventional means of reducing laser power, improving welding speed and the like.
The weldability of dissimilar material welding is very different, and if the direct bonding is performed without using a filler material as a transition layer, a large amount of intermetallic compounds will appear on the bonding surface. Therefore, it is necessary to use a filler material to reduce the formation of the structure intermetallic compound, and the filler material is commonly used in both wire materials and powder materials. The wire welding efficiency is high, but the reduction of heat input can reduce the melting amount of filling metal, so that the filling metal is insufficient, and the appearance of a welding seam is influenced; the heating area of the filled powder is large, and the energy absorption rate is high. Therefore, some researchers limit the filling material to powder and fill powder between different materials, but the filling volume of a single layer of powder is limited, which reduces the efficiency of welding.
In view of this, the present application is presented.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wire-powder combined welding device and a wire-powder combined welding method, which can improve the filling amount, reduce the production amount and the thickness of intermetallic compounds, reduce the residual stress and improve the performance of a joint.
Embodiments of the invention may be implemented as follows:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a wire and powder combined welding device, which comprises a laser welding mechanism, a feeding mechanism positioned on one side of the laser welding mechanism and a pulse heating mechanism positioned on the other side of the laser welding mechanism and used for generating pulse current at a position to be welded;
the feeding mechanism comprises a powder feeding mechanism for conveying filling powder materials to the position to be welded and a wire feeding mechanism for conveying filling wire materials to the position to be welded, and the wire feeding mechanism is positioned between the powder feeding mechanism and the laser welding mechanism.
In an alternative embodiment, the pulse heating mechanism comprises a power supply, a return lead for connecting the power supply and the part to be welded, and a connecting assembly for regulating the communication and closing of a loop between the power supply and the part to be welded;
the backflow conducting wire comprises a first conducting wire connected with one end of the power supply and a second conducting wire connected with the other end of the power supply, one end, far away from the power supply, of the first conducting wire is connected with the connecting assembly, and one end, far away from the power supply, of the second conducting wire is used for being connected with the to-be-welded part.
In an alternative embodiment, the connection assembly includes a hollow roller that moves with the welding gun during welding, a metal ring positioned within the hollow roller, and a plurality of metal connection shafts for connecting the metal ring and the hollow roller;
the metal ring links to each other with first wire, and the one end of every metal connecting axle all links to each other with the metal ring, and the other end all runs through the cavity gyro wheel to form the connection bump in the outside of cavity gyro wheel, thereby realize the intercommunication and the closing of return circuit at the cavity gyro wheel in the process of rolling on treating the weldment.
In an alternative embodiment, the connection assembly further comprises an insulating ring located within the hollow roller, the insulating ring being connected to an end of each metal connection shaft adjacent to the inner wall of the hollow roller.
In an optional embodiment, the laser welding device further comprises a horizontal connecting arm used for being connected with the laser welding mechanism and two vertical connecting arms connected to two ends of the horizontal connecting arm, the number of the connecting assemblies is two, the top of each vertical connecting arm is connected with one end of the horizontal connecting arm, and the bottom of each vertical connecting arm is connected with the outer wall of a hollow roller on one connecting assembly;
preferably, still include two spliced poles, the both ends of horizontal linking arm are provided with the first connecting hole that is used for being connected with vertical linking arm, all are provided with the second connecting hole that is used for being connected with horizontal linking arm on every vertical linking arm, and every spliced pole all loops through first connecting hole and the second connecting hole that corresponds to realize being connected of horizontal linking arm and vertical linking arm.
In an alternative embodiment, the powder feeding mechanism comprises a powder conveying pipe, a nozzle structure and a powder feeder for pushing the powder by using gas, wherein the inlet end of the powder conveying pipe is connected with the powder feeder, and the outlet end of the powder conveying pipe is connected with the nozzle structure.
In an optional embodiment, the nozzle structure comprises a hollow shell, the top of the hollow shell is communicated with the outlet end of the powder conveying pipe, and a plurality of powder conveying holes are formed in the bottom wall of the hollow shell;
the nozzle structure also comprises a first drawing plate penetrating through the first side wall and a second drawing plate penetrating through the second side wall, and the discharge width of the bottom of the hollow shell is adjusted by adjusting the distance between the first drawing plate and the second drawing plate;
preferably, a perforated plate is further arranged in the hollow shell, the edge of the perforated plate is connected with the inner wall of the hollow shell, and the hole in the perforated plate and the powder feeding hole are arranged in a staggered mode.
In an alternative embodiment, the powder feeding mechanism further comprises a powder scraping plate located at the rear end of the nozzle structure in use, and the powder scraping plate comprises a scraper main body and a plurality of powder scraping strips connected to the bottom of the scraper main body.
In an alternative embodiment, the laser welding mechanism comprises a connecting flange and a laser welding head connected to the connecting flange, and the feeding mechanism and the pulse heating mechanism are connected with the connecting flange for fixing the position.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a wire-powder joint welding method using the wire-powder joint welding apparatus according to any one of the foregoing embodiments, including:
the powder feeding mechanism, the wire feeding mechanism, the laser welding mechanism and the pulse heating mechanism are sequentially arranged from front to back along the moving direction of the laser welding mechanism, and the powder feeding mechanism, the wire feeding mechanism and the pulse heating mechanism move to the other end from one end of each of the two workpieces to be welded together along with the laser welding mechanism in the welding process so as to form a welding seam.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: the powder feeding mechanism, the wire feeding mechanism and the laser welding mechanism are matched with the pulse heating mechanism, so that the purposes of powder presetting and synchronous wire feeding are achieved, the residual stress is reduced through the pulse heating mechanism, and the performance of a joint is improved. The welding device can ensure enough filling amount, the generation amount and thickness of intermetallic compounds on welding heat input and dissimilar material joint surfaces are reduced by the conduction welding powder feeding method, and the surface forming of a welding seam is improved.
The wire-powder combined welding device and method provided by the embodiment of the invention have the advantages of simple structure, sufficient fusion of filling materials, thinning of intermetallic compounds, reduction of residual stress and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wire-powder joint welding device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the nozzle arrangement of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the positions of a doctor blade and a pulse heating mechanism in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a portion of the pulse heating mechanism of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a portion of the pulse heating mechanism of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the positions of a powder scraping plate and a pulse heating mechanism in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a weld obtained in examples of the present invention and comparative examples.
Icon: 10-wire powder joint welding device; 100-a laser welding mechanism; 110-a connecting flange; 120-laser welding head; 200-a powder feeding mechanism; 210-a powder feeder; 220-a powder conveying pipe; 230-a nozzle configuration; 231-a hollow housing; 232-powder feeding hole; 233-a first drawer plate; 234-a second drawing plate; 235-perforated plate; 240-powder scraping plate; 241-a scraper body; 242-vermicelli scraping; 250-a connecting rod; 300-a wire feeder; 400-a pulse heating mechanism; 410-a power supply; 421-a first conductor; 422-a second conductive line; 430-a connecting assembly; 431-hollow rollers; 432-a metal ring; 433-a metal connecting shaft; 434-insulating ring; 435-connecting bumps; 440-horizontal connecting arms; 450-vertical connecting arm; 441-a first connection hole; 451-second connection hole; 460-connecting column; 470-a controller; 480-a connecting bracket; 001-a to-be-welded piece; 002-wire material; 003-laser beam.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, if the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc. are used to indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings or the orientation or positional relationship which the product of the present invention is used to usually place, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of the description, but it is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the appearances of the terms "first," "second," and the like, if any, are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
It should be noted that the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a wire-powder joint welding apparatus 10, which includes a laser welding mechanism 100, a feeding mechanism, and a pulse heating mechanism 400 for generating a pulse current at a position to be welded, where the feeding mechanism and the pulse heating mechanism 400 are respectively located at two sides of the laser welding mechanism 100.
The laser welding mechanism 100 includes a connecting flange 110 and a laser welding head 120 connected to the connecting flange 110, and the feeding mechanism and the pulse heating mechanism 400 are connected to the connecting flange 110 for fixing the position. The laser welding head 120 emits a laser beam 003 to be directed to the two workpieces to be welded 001 for welding, and the structure and the working principle refer to the prior art.
Further, the feeding mechanism includes a powder feeding mechanism 200 for feeding the filler powder to the position to be welded and a wire feeding mechanism 300 for feeding the filler wire to the position to be welded, and the wire feeding mechanism 300 is located between the powder feeding mechanism 200 and the laser welding mechanism 100. The positions of the wire feeding mechanism 300 and the powder feeding mechanism 200 are controlled to ensure that the wire and the powder are heated differently, so that the generation amount and the thickness of the intermetallic compounds on the welding heat input and the dissimilar material joint surface are reduced by using the conduction welding powder feeding method, the formation of the weld surface is improved, and the sufficient filling amount can be ensured.
The wire feeding mechanism 300 is used for conveying wires 002 to the position to be welded, the wires 002 and the powder can be made of different materials, the position of the wire feeding mechanism 300 can also be fixed through a connecting flange, and the structure and the working principle of the wire feeding mechanism 300 are not described in detail herein.
In some embodiments, the powder feeding mechanism 200 comprises a powder conveying pipe 220, a nozzle structure 230 and a powder feeder 210 for pushing powder by gas, wherein the inlet end of the powder conveying pipe 220 is connected with the powder feeder 210, the outlet end of the powder conveying pipe 220 is connected with the nozzle structure 230, and the powder is fed to the surface of the position to be welded through the nozzle structure 230 under the pushing of inert gas. The specific structure of the nozzle structure 230 is not limited to achieve uniform ejection.
In a preferred embodiment, please refer to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the nozzle structure 230 includes a hollow housing 231, a top of the hollow housing 231 is communicated with an outlet end of the powder conveying pipe 220, and a bottom wall of the hollow housing 231 is provided with a plurality of powder feeding holes 232; the hollow shell 231 has a first side wall and a second side wall (not shown) which are oppositely arranged, the nozzle structure 230 further comprises a first drawing plate 233 which penetrates through the first side wall and a second drawing plate 234 which penetrates through the second side wall, and the discharge width at the bottom of the hollow shell 231 is adjusted by adjusting the distance between the first drawing plate 233 and the second drawing plate 234. Specifically, the first drawing plate 233 and the second drawing plate 234 may be closely attached to the bottom wall of the hollow housing 231 or may be spaced apart from the bottom wall by a small distance. The holes on the first side wall and the second side wall are respectively matched with the sizes of the first drawing plate 233 and the second drawing plate 234, so that the powder material overflow and the waste of raw materials are avoided.
In some embodiments, a perforated plate 235 is further disposed in the hollow housing 231, an edge of the perforated plate 235 is connected to an inner wall of the hollow housing 231, and a hole of the perforated plate 235 is offset from the powder feeding hole 232. The perforated plate 235 may be located approximately in the middle of the hollow housing 231 to homogenize the airflow by two layers of staggered holes, thereby promoting a smooth output of the powder delivery.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1 and 3, the powder feeding mechanism 200 further includes a powder scraping plate 240 located at the rear end of the nozzle structure 230 in use, and the powder scraping plate 240 includes a powder scraping plate main body 241 and a plurality of powder scraping strips 242 connected to the bottom of the powder scraping plate main body 241. The positions and the thicknesses of the powder materials are redistributed by the powder scraping strips 242 on the scraper blade main body 241, so that the uniformity of material distribution in the welding process is improved.
Specifically, the powder scraping plate 240 may be a stainless steel strip having a thickness of about 0.5mm, the height of the stainless steel strip from the surface of the workpiece is set to 1mm to 2mm when in use, the stainless steel strip is connected to the scraper main body 241 by screws, and the arrangement of the stainless steel strip has flexibility.
Specifically, the nozzle structure 230 and the powder scraping plate 240 are fixed by being connected to the connection flange 110 by the connection rod 250.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1, the pulse heating mechanism 400 includes a power source 410, a return lead for connecting the power source 410 and the to-be-welded object 001, and a connecting assembly 430 for regulating the connection and the closing of a loop between the power source 410 and the to-be-welded object 001; the return conductor comprises a first conductor 421 connected to one end of the power source 410 and a second conductor 422 connected to the other end of the power source 410, wherein one end of the first conductor 421 away from the power source 410 is connected to the connecting component 430, and one end of the second conductor 422 away from the power source 410 is used for connecting to the to-be-welded element 001. When the welding device is used, one end of the second wire 422, which is far away from the power source 410, is fixed to the to-be-welded part 001 in an unlimited manner so as to realize electric conduction.
It should be noted that when the connecting assembly 430 is connected with the to-be-welded part 001, a closed loop is formed, and a capacitor in the power supply 410 discharges and generates instantaneous large current, so that nearby metal particles and microstructures are migrated, and the residual stress of the welding seam is improved; when the connecting assembly 430 is disengaged from the piece 001 to be welded, the capacitor is charged.
In some embodiments, a controller 470 is further included, which cooperates with the power source 410, and the controller 470 can output specific parameters of the power source 410, such as current, and the magnitude of the pulse current can be adjusted by the power source 410, and the adjustment range is 50A to 200A.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1, 4 and 5, the connection assembly 430 includes a hollow roller 431 moving with the welding gun during welding, a metal ring 432 positioned inside the hollow roller 431, and a plurality of metal connection shafts 433 for connecting the metal ring 432 and the hollow roller 431; the metal rings 432 are connected with the first lead 421, one end of each metal connecting shaft 433 is connected with the metal ring 432, and the other end of each metal connecting shaft penetrates through the hollow roller 431 to form a connecting bump 435 on the outer side of the hollow roller 431, so that the connection and the closing of a loop are realized in the process that the hollow roller 431 rolls on the to-be-welded piece 001.
It should be noted that, during the rolling process of the hollow roller 431, the connection bump 435 will contact with the to-be-welded part 001 to form a closed loop, the capacitor in the power source 410 discharges and generates a transient large current, and the vicinity of the connection bump 435 is heated; the circuit is closed when the portion between the two connection bumps 435 is in contact with the part 001 to be soldered. The number and number of connecting bumps 435 and the welding speed together determine the frequency of the pulse current during welding.
In some embodiments, the connection assembly 430 further includes an insulating ring 434 in the hollow roller 431, and the insulating ring 434 is connected to one end of each metal connection shaft 433 near the inner wall of the hollow roller 431. The insulating ring 434 is made of an insulating material such as rubber, and plays a role of a stable support.
In some embodiments, the laser welding mechanism 100 further comprises a horizontal connecting arm 440 for connecting to the connecting flange 110 of the laser welding mechanism 100 and two vertical connecting arms 450 connected to two ends of the horizontal connecting arm 440, the connecting members 430 are two, the top of each vertical connecting arm 450 is connected to one end of the horizontal connecting arm 440, and the bottom of each vertical connecting arm 450 is connected to the outer wall of the hollow roller 431 of one connecting member 430. The two hollow rollers 431 are respectively located at both sides of a position to be welded at the time of welding to achieve uniformity of heating.
In some embodiments, two connecting columns 460 are further included, a first connecting hole 441 is disposed at each end of the horizontal connecting arm 440 for connecting with the vertical connecting arms 450, a second connecting hole 451 is disposed on each vertical connecting arm 450 for connecting with the horizontal connecting arm 440, and each connecting column 460 sequentially passes through the first connecting hole 441 and the corresponding second connecting hole 451 to connect the horizontal connecting arm 440 and the vertical connecting arms 450. Specifically, rotation may also be achieved using the connecting post 460, increasing operational flexibility.
Specifically, the horizontal connecting arm 440 is fixed to the connecting flange 110 by a connecting bracket 480.
In some embodiments, a shielding gas tube 500 is also included that provides shielding gas during the welding process, which may be disposed between the laser welding head 120 and the pulse heating mechanism 400.
The present invention provides a wire-powder joint welding method using the wire-powder joint welding apparatus 10 according to any one of the above embodiments, including: the powder feeding mechanism 200, the wire feeding mechanism 300, the laser welding mechanism 100 and the pulse heating mechanism 400 are sequentially arranged from front to back along the moving direction of the laser welding mechanism 100, and the powder feeding mechanism 200, the wire feeding mechanism 300 and the pulse heating mechanism 400 move together with the laser welding mechanism 100 from one end of two pieces to be welded 001 to the other end in the welding process to form a welding seam.
Specifically, according to the groove form and the workpiece thickness, the structure of the powder scraping plate 240 and the width of the drawing plate are selected and matched, the height, the angle and the like of the hollow roller 431 in the pulse heating mechanism 400 are adjusted, technological parameters such as gas flow, laser power, welding speed, capacitance current and the like are set, and the welding and stress eliminating process is completed in a 'prefabricated powder material and synchronous welding wire' filling mode. The welding process adopts positive defocusing, and the powder energy at the lower part of the welding wire mainly comes from conduction heat.
It should be noted that the specific operating parameters of the wire-powder joint welding method are not limited too much here and can be set according to the prior art, but it should be noted that the maximum current of the pulse heating mechanism 400 is 50A, and the current is not too large.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a wire-powder joint welding method for realizing the lap joint of 1.0mm aluminum alloy and 1.2mm high-strength steel, which comprises the following specific steps:
before welding, a scraper is used for removing oxide films on the front side and the back side of the position to be welded of the aluminum alloy, the width of the oxide films is 10mm, and oil stains on the front side and the back side of the position to be welded of the high-strength steel are cleaned by alcohol. The welding joint adopts an aluminum upper steel lower lapping mode, the lapping width is 10mm, and a workpiece is fixed by utilizing a pressing plate. The widths of the first drawing plate 233 and the second drawing plate 234 are adjusted so that the width of the powder feeding hole 232 is not more than 2mm, the shape of the powder scraping plate 240 is arranged according to the shape of the joint, the specific form and arrangement are shown in fig. 3 (a), and the height of the metal strip from the surface of the base material is adjusted to 1mm. The post-weld heat treatment hollow rollers 431 are adjusted to be in a vertical state, wherein one hollow roller 431 is arranged at the edge of the aluminum alloy, and the other hollow roller 431 is arranged at the position 1.5mm away from the edge of the aluminum alloy, and the specific arrangement is shown in fig. 3 (b). The laser power is set to be 1.8kw, the wire feeding speed is 1.5m/min, the welding speed is 1.2m/min, the defocusing amount is +3mm, the pressure of powder feeding gas is 0.4Mpa, the capacitance voltage is 50V, the welding wire is made of AlSi12, and the powder is made of AlSi10. In the welding process, the powder scraping plate 240, the wire feeding mechanism 300 (wire feeding guide tube), the laser welding head 120 and the pulse heating mechanism 400 are arranged in sequence, and all parts work coordinately to complete the welding process of 'prefabricated powder material and synchronous welding wire'.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a wire-powder joint welding method for realizing bending butt joint of 1.0mm aluminum alloy and 1.2mm high-strength steel, which comprises the following specific steps:
the bending width of the workpiece to be welded is 5mm, the bending angle is 90 degrees, and the bending chamfer angle is 2mm. Before welding, an oxidation film at the bending position of the aluminum alloy to be welded is removed by a scraper, the width of the oxidation film is 10mm, and oil stains at the bending position of the high-strength steel to be welded are cleaned by alcohol. Tightly attaching the bending surfaces of the aluminum steel dissimilar materials and fixing by utilizing a pressing plate. The widths of the first drawing plate 233 and the second drawing plate 234 are adjusted so that the width of the powder feeding hole 232 is not more than 2mm, the width of the front end of the powder scraping plate 240 is 2.5mm, the width of the rear end is 2mm, the shape of the powder scraping plate 240 is arranged according to the shape of the joint, the specific shape and arrangement are shown in fig. 6 (a), and the height of the metal strip from the surface of the base material is adjusted to 1mm. The post-weld heat treatment hollow roller 431 is adjusted to be in a vertical state, the hollow roller 431 is respectively arranged at the aluminum alloy edge and the position of the steel plate, which is 1.5mm away from the aluminum alloy edge, by taking the butt peak as the center, and the specific arrangement is shown in fig. 6 (b). The laser power is set to be 1.8kw, the wire feeding speed is 1.5m/min, the welding speed is 1.2m/min, the defocusing amount is +3mm, the powder feeding gas pressure is 0.4Mpa, the capacitance voltage is 50V, the swing amplitude of the laser is +/-1 mm, the welding wire is made of AlSi12, and the powder is made of AlSi10. In the welding process, the powder scraping plate 240, the wire feeding mechanism 300 (wire feeding guide pipe), the laser welding head 120 and the pulse heating mechanism 400 are sequentially arranged, and all parts work coordinately to complete the welding process of 'prefabricated powder material and synchronous welding wire'.
Comparative example 1
The present embodiment provides a welding method, which is different from embodiment 1 in that: the powder feeding mechanism 200 is not provided, and only wire materials are used as filling materials.
Test examples
FIG. 7 shows a state in which the cross section of the weld was enlarged by 200 times in example 1 and comparative example 1, wherein (a) shows a powder-feeding-free mechanism, and (b) shows a powder-feeding-enabled mechanism.
As can be seen from the figure: the grains of the welding seam after being filled with the powder are refined and are changed into needle-shaped structures from coarse columnar crystals.
In summary, the embodiment of the invention provides a wire and powder combined welding device and method, which achieve the purposes of powder presetting and synchronous wire feeding by a powder feeding mechanism, a wire feeding mechanism, a laser welding mechanism and a pulse heating mechanism, and reduce residual stress and improve joint performance by the pulse heating mechanism. The welding device can ensure enough filling amount, the generation amount and thickness of intermetallic compounds on welding heat input and dissimilar material joint surfaces are reduced by the conduction welding powder feeding method, and the surface forming of a welding seam is improved.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A wire and powder combined welding device is characterized by comprising a laser welding mechanism, a feeding mechanism positioned on one side of the laser welding mechanism and a pulse heating mechanism positioned on the other side of the laser welding mechanism and used for generating pulse current at a position to be welded;
the feeding mechanism comprises a powder feeding mechanism for conveying filling powder materials to positions to be welded and a wire feeding mechanism for conveying filling wire materials to the positions to be welded, and the wire feeding mechanism is positioned between the powder feeding mechanism and the laser welding mechanism;
the pulse heating mechanism comprises a power supply, a return lead for connecting the power supply and a piece to be welded and a connecting assembly for adjusting the communication and closing of a loop between the power supply and the piece to be welded; the backflow conducting wire comprises a first conducting wire connected with one end of the power supply and a second conducting wire connected with the other end of the power supply, one end, far away from the power supply, of the first conducting wire is connected with the connecting assembly, and one end, far away from the power supply, of the second conducting wire is used for being connected with the to-be-welded part;
the connecting assembly comprises a hollow roller moving along with a welding gun in the welding process, a metal ring positioned in the hollow roller and a plurality of metal connecting shafts used for connecting the metal ring and the hollow roller; the metal ring is connected with the first lead, one end of each metal connecting shaft is connected with the metal ring, and the other end of each metal connecting shaft penetrates through the hollow roller to form a connecting salient point on the outer side of the hollow roller, so that the hollow roller is communicated with and closed to a loop in the rolling process on the piece to be welded.
2. The wire and powder joint welding device of claim 1, wherein the connecting assembly further comprises an insulating ring positioned in the hollow roller, and the insulating ring is connected with one end of each metal connecting shaft, which is close to the inner wall of the hollow roller.
3. The wire-powder joint welding device according to claim 1, further comprising two horizontal connecting arms for connecting with the laser welding mechanism and two vertical connecting arms connected to two ends of each horizontal connecting arm, wherein the top of each vertical connecting arm is connected with one end of each horizontal connecting arm, and the bottom of each vertical connecting arm is connected with the outer wall of one hollow roller on the corresponding connecting assembly.
4. The wire-powder combined welding device according to claim 3, further comprising two connecting columns, wherein first connecting holes used for being connected with the vertical connecting arms are formed in two ends of each horizontal connecting arm, a second connecting hole used for being connected with the horizontal connecting arms is formed in each vertical connecting arm, and each connecting column sequentially passes through the first connecting holes and the corresponding second connecting holes to achieve connection of the horizontal connecting arms and the vertical connecting arms.
5. The wire-powder joint welding device according to claim 1, wherein the powder feeding mechanism comprises a powder conveying pipe, a nozzle structure and a powder feeder for pushing powder by gas, an inlet end of the powder conveying pipe is connected with the powder feeder, and an outlet end of the powder conveying pipe is connected with the nozzle structure.
6. The wire-powder joint welding device of claim 5, wherein the nozzle structure comprises a hollow shell, the top of the hollow shell is communicated with the outlet end of the powder conveying pipe, and a plurality of powder feeding holes are formed in the bottom wall of the hollow shell;
the nozzle structure comprises a hollow shell, a first drawing plate and a second drawing plate, wherein the hollow shell is provided with a first side wall and a second side wall which are oppositely arranged, the first drawing plate penetrates through the first side wall, the second drawing plate penetrates through the second side wall, and the discharging width at the bottom of the hollow shell is adjusted by adjusting the distance between the first drawing plate and the second drawing plate.
7. The wire and powder combined welding device according to claim 6, wherein a perforated plate is further arranged in the hollow shell, the edge of the perforated plate is connected with the inner wall of the hollow shell, and a hole in the perforated plate and the powder feeding hole are arranged in a staggered mode.
8. A combined wire and powder welding apparatus as defined in claim 7, wherein the powder feed mechanism further comprises a powder scraping plate located at a rear end of the nozzle structure in use, the powder scraping plate comprising a scraper body and a plurality of powder scraping strips attached to a bottom of the scraper body.
9. The wire-powder joint welding device of claim 1, wherein the laser welding mechanism comprises a connecting flange and a laser welding head connected to the connecting flange, and the feeding mechanism and the pulse heating mechanism are connected to the connecting flange for fixing the position.
10. A wire-powder hybrid welding method using the wire-powder hybrid welding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:
the powder feeding mechanism, the wire feeding mechanism, the laser welding mechanism and the pulse heating mechanism are sequentially arranged from front to back along the moving direction of the laser welding mechanism, and the powder feeding mechanism, the wire feeding mechanism and the pulse heating mechanism move to the other end from one ends of two workpieces to be welded together along with the laser welding mechanism in the welding process so as to form a welding seam.
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