CN113078956A - Terahertz multiband coherent receiving system based on phase grating - Google Patents
Terahertz multiband coherent receiving system based on phase grating Download PDFInfo
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- CN113078956A CN113078956A CN202110259647.6A CN202110259647A CN113078956A CN 113078956 A CN113078956 A CN 113078956A CN 202110259647 A CN202110259647 A CN 202110259647A CN 113078956 A CN113078956 A CN 113078956A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/60—Receivers
- H04B10/61—Coherent receivers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/90—Non-optical transmission systems, e.g. transmission systems employing non-photonic corpuscular radiation
Abstract
The invention discloses a terahertz multiband coherent receiving system based on a phase grating, which is characterized by comprising two subsystems, namely a phase grating signal coupling system and a low-temperature off-axis parabolic mirror back coupling system. The phase grating signal coupling system consists of a multiband local oscillator signal source and a reflective phase grating; the low-temperature off-axis parabolic mirror back coupling system consists of a refrigerator, a low-temperature off-axis parabolic mirror and a superconducting HEB mixer. The invention modulates the wave front phase of the incident signals of a plurality of wave bands through the reflective phase grating, finally outputs the wave front phase by the same angle reflection, couples the multiband local oscillation signals to one side of the chip of the superconducting HEB frequency mixer, does not need a multistage optical splitter to be coupled with a multiband local oscillation signal source in a cascade mode, and simultaneously does not need a super hemispherical lens to be coupled with the local oscillation signals, thereby not only reducing the complexity of the system, but also realizing the natural isolation of the local oscillation signals and the detection signals, reducing the signal loss, and finally realizing the high-integration multiband coherent receiving system based on the single frequency mixer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of astronomical observation, in particular to a terahertz multiband coherent receiving system based on a phase grating.
Background
The terahertz wave band is rich in molecular, atomic and ionic fine spectral lines, and is an important wave band for developing researches on cosmic evolution, star and galaxy strokes and the like. The high-resolution spectral line observation can not only detect the intensity of the spectral line, but also distinguish the spectral line spectrum information, and provides an important scientific means for characteristics such as movement, temperature and the like in the physical process of a system learning celestial body. Based on a multiband coherent receiver system, multi-spectral-segment observation aiming at different fingerprint spectral lines has important significance for deeply knowing and understanding important scientific problems such as cosmic evolution, star and galaxy strokes and the like.
In astronomical observations at 1 THz and above, superconducting thermionic (HEB) mixers are widely used in international advanced astronomical observations. For example, the SOFIA airborne infrared astronomical stage developed by the united states NASA and DLR in germany, and the GUSTO balloon astronomical stage developed by the united states NASA and SRON in the netherlands are based on superconducting HEB array detectors and cover different observation bands of 1.9 THz, 2.5THz and 4.7 THz. The superconducting HEB mixer can realize high-sensitivity signal detection covering a 1-5 THz broadband range based on a superconducting thin film and planar antenna process working at low temperature. For multi-band cooperative observation, the same ultra-wideband superconducting HEB mixer covers different observation bands, and has special advantages of redundancy guarantee and the like for balloon astronomical observational platforms and unattended radio astronomical observational facilities such as space or polar regions.
Although a single superconducting HEB detector can cover the above multiple observation bands, due to the limitation of the frequency tuning capability of the local oscillator pumping signal (semiconductor frequency doubling link and quantum cascade laser), multiple sets of local oscillator signal sources respectively corresponding to the multiple fingerprint spectral line observation bands are required. The key technical challenge of the multiband coherent receiver system based on a single mixer is an efficient multiband local oscillator signal distribution technology. The local oscillator signal of the conventional multi-band coherent receiving system couples the multi-band local oscillator signal to the mixer through a plurality of optical splitters (usually of the Mylar, Kapton film, wire grid, etc. type). A plurality of local oscillator signal sources need to be coupled by a plurality of optical splitters in a cascade mode, so that the transmission loss of local oscillator signals is inevitably increased, and the complexity of the system is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a terahertz multiband coherent receiving system with high integration level based on a phase grating, which reduces signal loss and overcomes the defects of the existing multiband coherent receiving system.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the terahertz multiband coherent receiving system based on the phase grating is characterized by comprising two subsystems of a phase grating signal coupling system and a low-temperature off-axis parabolic mirror back coupling system, wherein:
the phase grating signal coupling system consists of a local oscillator signal source and a reflective phase grating, wherein the local oscillator signal source comprises a 1.9 THz local oscillator signal source, a 2.5THz local oscillator signal source and a 4.7 THz local oscillator signal source;
the low-temperature off-axis parabolic mirror back coupling system consists of a refrigerator, a low-temperature off-axis parabolic mirror and a superconducting HEB mixer, wherein the low-temperature off-axis parabolic mirror and the superconducting HEB mixer are both arranged in a dewar of the refrigerator, and the superconducting HEB mixer is positioned at the side of the low-temperature off-axis parabolic mirror;
a local oscillation signal incidence window and a detection signal incidence window are arranged on the Dewar side wall of the refrigerator;
the superconducting HEB frequency mixer comprises a frequency mixer chip and a super-hemispherical lens for detecting a signal to be detected, wherein the frequency mixer chip is arranged on the back surface of the super-hemispherical lens;
the signal to be measured is coupled to the mixer chip from the front side through the hyper-hemispherical lens;
the local oscillation signals of 1.9 THz, 2.5THz and 4.7 THz emitted by the local oscillation signal source of 1.9 THz, the local oscillation signal source of 2.5THz and the local oscillation signal source of 4.7 THz are coupled to the surface of the reflective phase grating based on different incidence angles, the reflective phase grating reflects and outputs the three wave band reflection signals from the same angle by regulating the wave front phase of the incident signal, the output reflection signals pass through the local oscillation signal incidence window and are projected onto the arc-shaped reflection surface of the low-temperature off-axis parabolic mirror in the refrigerator, and the local oscillation signals are coupled to the frequency mixer chip from the back surface by the secondary reflection of the low-temperature off-axis parabolic mirror and realize frequency mixing with the signals to be measured in the superconducting HEB frequency mixer.
On the basis of the above scheme, the improved or preferred technical scheme further comprises:
further, the 1.9 THz local oscillation signal source preferably adopts a 1.9 THz semiconductor frequency multiplication signal source; the 2.5THz local oscillator signal source preferably adopts a 2.5THz quantum cascade laser; the 4.7 THz local oscillator signal source preferably adopts a 4.7 THz quantum cascade laser.
Furthermore, the reflection type phase grating is designed through a Gerchberg-Saxton phase inversion algorithm, and local oscillation signals of multiple wave bands with different incidence angles are reflected and output from the same angle.
Further, the incident angle of the 4.7 THz local oscillator signal is 20 degrees, the incident angle of the 2.5THz local oscillator signal is 28 degrees, and the incident angle of the 1.9 THz local oscillator signal is 32 degrees; the reflection angles of the local oscillator signals in the three wave bands are unified to be 25 degrees.
Further, the low-temperature off-axis parabolic mirror is a 90-degree off-axis parabolic mirror.
Further, the refrigerator is a 4K closed-loop refrigerator.
Has the advantages that:
the terahertz multiband coherent receiving system based on the phase grating modulates the wave front phases of incident signals of a plurality of wave bands through the reflective phase grating and finally outputs the wave front phases by reflecting at the same angle, the reflected signal of the phase grating couples the multiband local oscillation signal to one side of a chip of the superconducting HEB frequency mixer through a low-temperature off-axis parabolic reflector arranged in a refrigerator without cascade coupling of a multi-band local oscillation signal source by a multi-stage light splitter and coupling of the local oscillation signal by a super hemispherical lens of the frequency mixer, but directly couples the multi-band local oscillation signal to the superconducting HEB microbridge through the off-axis parabolic mirror in a back direction, thereby not only reducing the complexity of the system, natural isolation of local oscillation signals and detection signals is achieved, detection signal loss is reduced, and finally a high-integration multi-band coherent receiving system based on a single frequency mixer is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a signal coupling principle of a terahertz multiband phase grating according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the back coupling principle of the low-temperature off-axis parabolic mirror according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to clarify the technical solution and the working principle of the present invention, the present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention relates to a terahertz multiband coherent receiving system based on a phase grating, which comprises two subsystems of a phase grating signal coupling system and a low-temperature off-axis parabolic mirror back coupling system:
the phase grating signal coupling system consists of a local oscillator signal source and a reflective phase grating, wherein the local oscillator signal source comprises a 1.9 THz local oscillator signal source 1, a 2.5THz local oscillator signal source 2 and a 4.7 THz local oscillator signal source 3;
the low-temperature off-axis parabolic mirror back coupling system is composed of a refrigerator, a low-temperature off-axis parabolic mirror 5 and a superconducting HEB mixer 6, wherein the low-temperature off-axis parabolic mirror 5 and the superconducting HEB mixer 6 are both installed in a dewar of the refrigerator, and the superconducting HEB mixer 6 is located on the side of the low-temperature off-axis parabolic mirror 5.
In the present embodiment as shown in fig. 1 to 3:
the refrigerator adopts a 4K closed-loop refrigerator, and two Dewar side walls which are vertical to each other are respectively provided with a local oscillation signal incidence window and a detection signal incidence window at the positions corresponding to the arc-shaped reflecting surfaces of the low-temperature off-axis parabolic mirror 5;
each local oscillator signal source is specifically composed of a 1.9 THz semiconductor frequency doubling signal source (a microwave frequency signal source and a semiconductor frequency doubling link), a 2.5THz quantum cascade laser and a 4.7 THz quantum cascade laser, and is respectively used for generating local oscillator signals of three wave bands of 1.9 THz, 2.5THz and 4.7 THz;
the low-temperature off-axis parabolic mirror 5 is a 90-degree off-axis parabolic mirror with a 0.5-inch reflection focal length of 15 mm;
the superconducting HEB frequency mixer comprises a frequency mixer chip 62 and a super-hemispherical lens 61 for detecting a signal to be detected, the front surface of the super-hemispherical lens 61 is a spherical surface, the back surface of the super-hemispherical lens 61 is a plane, and the frequency mixer chip 62 is installed at the central part of the back surface of the super-hemispherical lens 62.
The working principle is as follows: local oscillation signals with three wave bands of 1.9 THz, 2.5THz and 4.7 THz, which are respectively emitted by a 1.9 THz local oscillation signal source 1, a 2.5THz local oscillation signal source 2 and a 4.7 THz local oscillation signal source 3, are coupled to the surface of a reflection type phase grating 4 based on different incidence angles, the reflection type phase grating 4 reflects and outputs the reflection signals with the three wave bands from the same angle by regulating the wave front phase of the incidence signals, the output reflection signals are projected onto an arc reflecting surface of a low-temperature off-axis parabolic mirror 5 in a refrigerator through an incidence window of the local oscillation signals, the local oscillation signals are coupled to a frequency mixer chip through the secondary reflection of the low-temperature off-axis parabolic mirror 5, the back coupling is realized, and the frequency mixing is realized with signals to be measured which are coupled in the forward direction in a superconducting HEB frequency mixer 6.
In this implementation, the 90-degree off-axis parabolic reflector can realize natural isolation of the local oscillator signal from the signal to be measured while realizing high-efficiency local oscillator signal coupling.
The working process is as follows:
as shown in fig. 2, the phase grating signal coupling system performs multi-band local oscillator signal coupling as follows:
(11) simultaneously starting a 1.9 THz semiconductor frequency multiplication signal source, a 2.5THz quantum cascade laser and a 4.7 THz quantum cascade laser to generate local oscillation signals of corresponding wave bands;
(12) coupling local oscillation signals of 1.9 THz, 2.5THz and 4.7 THz to the reflection type phase grating at incident angles of 32 degrees, 28 degrees and 20 degrees respectively, wherein the incident angle is an included angle between the propagation direction of the incident signals and a perpendicular line in the grating;
(13) the reflective phase grating modulates the wave front phases of the incident signals of the three wave bands, and finally reflects and outputs the local oscillation signals of the three wave bands through a uniform angle of 25 degrees;
as shown in fig. 3, the signal coupling steps of the low-temperature off-axis parabolic mirror back coupling system are as follows:
(21) local oscillation signals of three wave bands are coupled to a 90-degree off-axis parabolic mirror through a local oscillation signal incidence window of a 4K closed-loop refrigerator;
(22) the off-axis parabolic reflector couples and converges the local oscillation signal to one side of a chip of the superconducting HEB mixer, so that high-efficiency coupling of the multi-band local oscillation signal is realized;
meanwhile, the superconducting HEB mixer realizes the detection of the signal to be detected through the hyper-hemispherical lens;
and the forward-coupled to-be-detected signal and the backward-coupled local oscillator signal realize frequency mixing in the superconducting HEB frequency mixer.
In the process:
the reflection type phase grating with the incident angles of 20 degrees (4.7 THz wave band), 28 degrees (2.5 THz wave band) and 32 degrees (1.9 THz wave band) and the reflection angles of 25 degrees (1.9, 2.5 and 4.7 THz wave band) uniformly can be realized by the design of a Gerchberg-Saxton phase inversion algorithm.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to explain the principles of the invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims, the description and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. The terahertz multiband coherent receiving system based on the phase grating is characterized by comprising two subsystems of a phase grating signal coupling system and a low-temperature off-axis parabolic mirror back coupling system, wherein:
the phase grating signal coupling system consists of a local oscillator signal source and a reflective phase grating, wherein the local oscillator signal source comprises a 1.9 THz local oscillator signal source, a 2.5THz local oscillator signal source and a 4.7 THz local oscillator signal source;
the low-temperature off-axis parabolic mirror back coupling system consists of a refrigerator, a low-temperature off-axis parabolic mirror and a superconducting HEB mixer, wherein the low-temperature off-axis parabolic mirror and the superconducting HEB mixer are both arranged in a dewar of the refrigerator, and the superconducting HEB mixer is positioned at the side of the low-temperature off-axis parabolic mirror;
a local oscillation signal incidence window and a detection signal incidence window are arranged on the Dewar side wall of the refrigerator;
the superconducting HEB frequency mixer comprises a frequency mixer chip and a super-hemispherical lens for detecting a signal to be detected, wherein the frequency mixer chip is arranged on the back surface of the super-hemispherical lens;
the signal to be measured is coupled to the mixer chip from the front side through the hyper-hemispherical lens;
the local oscillation signals of 1.9 THz, 2.5THz and 4.7 THz emitted by the local oscillation signal source of 1.9 THz, the local oscillation signal source of 2.5THz and the local oscillation signal source of 4.7 THz are coupled to the surface of the reflective phase grating based on different incidence angles, the reflective phase grating reflects and outputs the three wave band reflection signals from the same angle by regulating the wave front phase of the incident signal, the output reflection signals pass through the local oscillation signal incidence window and are projected onto the arc-shaped reflection surface of the low-temperature off-axis parabolic mirror in the refrigerator, and the local oscillation signals are coupled to the frequency mixer chip from the back surface by the secondary reflection of the low-temperature off-axis parabolic mirror and realize frequency mixing with the signals to be measured in the superconducting HEB frequency mixer.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the system comprises:
the 1.9 THz local oscillator signal source is a 1.9 THz semiconductor frequency multiplication signal source;
the 2.5THz local oscillator signal source is a 2.5THz quantum cascade laser;
the 4.7 THz local oscillator signal source is a 4.7 THz quantum cascade laser.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the system comprises:
the reflection type phase grating is designed through a Gerchberg-Saxton phase inversion algorithm, and local oscillation signals of multiple wave bands with different incidence angles are reflected and output from the same angle.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the system comprises:
the incident angle of the 4.7 THz local oscillation signal is 20 degrees, the incident angle of the 2.5THz local oscillation signal is 28 degrees, and the incident angle of the 1.9 THz local oscillation signal is 32 degrees;
the reflection angles of the local oscillator signals in the three wave bands are unified to be 25 degrees.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the system comprises:
the low-temperature off-axis parabolic mirror is a 90-degree off-axis parabolic mirror.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the system comprises:
the refrigerator is a 4K closed-loop refrigerator.
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Cited By (1)
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