CN113078383A - Full-automatic disassembling process flow of waste lead storage battery - Google Patents
Full-automatic disassembling process flow of waste lead storage battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN113078383A CN113078383A CN202110457473.4A CN202110457473A CN113078383A CN 113078383 A CN113078383 A CN 113078383A CN 202110457473 A CN202110457473 A CN 202110457473A CN 113078383 A CN113078383 A CN 113078383A
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- water
- lead
- waste
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- plastic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses a full-automatic disassembling process flow of a waste lead storage battery, which comprises the following steps: collecting electrolyte; the second step is that: crushing and sorting; the third step: slurrying lead paste and performing filter pressing; the fourth step: and (5) washing the plastic. The full-automatic disassembly process flow of the waste lead storage battery provided by the invention has the characteristics of short flow, full utilization of latent heat of intermediate products, energy conservation, environmental protection, high automation degree and the like, and meets the clean production requirements of the national process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waste material recovery and treatment, in particular to a full-automatic disassembly process flow of a waste lead storage battery.
Background
The lead-acid storage battery is the battery with the largest output and the widest application in various batteries in the world, and the consumption of the lead-acid storage battery accounts for 82 percent of the global total consumption of lead. With the increasingly widespread use of lead-acid batteries, the shortage of lead resources and the great harm of a large amount of waste lead-acid batteries to the surrounding environment become problems to be solved urgently.
The traditional lead-acid battery recycling and regenerating industry mainly adopts a method of centralized crushing, namely 'mixing and separating', of a crusher to carry out recycling pretreatment on a lead-acid battery, all parts of the crushed lead-acid battery are mixed together and are difficult to separate, the subsequent recycling difficulty and the subsequent separation cost are increased, so that the problems of low recycling rate, high recycling difficulty, high recycling cost and the like exist in the whole regenerating process, on one hand, acid liquor flowing out in the crushing process is very easy to be brought into other subsequent equipment to cause damage to the equipment, the service life of the equipment is reduced, on the other hand, the acid liquor overflowing in the high-speed crushing process is diffused into the surrounding environment in an acid mist mode, the environment is polluted, and the health of people is seriously damaged.
The data is consulted to know that: the lead-acid battery is divided into an upper cover part (hereinafter referred to as an upper cover, including a pole, a bus bar and plastic (upper) (the upper cover plastic and a small part of groove body plastic)), a groove body (groove body plastic of a battery groove without the upper cover), a pole group (including a grid, lead paste, a partition plate and plastic (lower) (most of groove body plastic)) and dilute sulfuric acid solution. If the waste lead-acid battery can be cut and separated by adopting a physical separation method of fine intelligent disassembly according to the composition structure of the battery. The pole group separates the four main parts according to the reverse thinking of the process of manufacturing the lead-acid storage battery and then carries out chemical treatment, thereby not only greatly simplifying the treatment steps, but also enabling the recovered materials to be purer and enabling the articles made of the recovered raw materials to have higher quality. Therefore, the technology for physically separating all parts of the waste lead-acid battery according to the material types is needed.
Accordingly, the prior art is yet to be improved and developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-efficiency and flow-based full-automatic disassembling process flow for waste lead storage batteries.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a full-automatic disassembling process flow of waste lead storage batteries comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: collection of electrolyte
Waste acid flowing out of the waste storage battery is collected into a waste acid storage pit through a moderate slope design and then is conveyed to a water treatment station through a pump for neutralization and precipitation treatment;
the second step is that: crushing and sorting
Feeding: the waste lead-acid battery is poured into a hopper by a forklift or a grab bucket, fed by a vibrating feeder with a variable-frequency driver and conveyed into a crusher by a belt;
crushing and sorting: the waste lead-acid storage battery is crushed by a hammer after entering a crusher, the crushed material is crushed to be maximum 80mm, the crushed material directly falls into a vibrating screen, classification action is started by the cooperation of a circulating water spraying mechanism, lead plaster is separated from other components by a filter screen, lead plaster which is coagulated in water is brought into a ship-shaped collecting tank below by circulating water flow, and then is scraped into a weighable stirring tank by a chain scraper, the weighable stirring tank is stirred by a stirrer to be in a suspended state, the density of lead slime is controlled, signals are sent to a PLC (programmable logic controller) for calculation by a weight and liquid level sensor, and the speed of a chain scraper is adjusted to achieve the control purpose;
in the shale shaker, other debris can directly fall into the hydrodynamic separator, are squeezed into the separating centrifuge with water with high pressure from the ship type holding vessel by the pump, then can separate out the debris component completely:
grid metal: conveying and separating the water from the lower part of the hydrodynamic force separation equipment by a screw conveyor, and finally cleaning and disposing;
PP plastic or ABS plastic: the water is conveyed and separated from the upper part of the hydrodynamic force separation equipment by a screw conveying facility;
heavy plastics: conveying the separated water flow to a dewatering screen, separating solid parts, and conveying the solid parts into another separator, wherein the water from the dewatering screen and the water from the dewatering screen are conveyed to a water treatment station for treatment;
the fourth step: slurrying and filter pressing of lead plaster
Cleaning the lead plaster scraped by the lead plaster scraper by using tap water, pumping the cleaned lead plaster to a filter press in batch by using a pump, separating a water phase in the lead plaster, dropping the lead plaster subjected to filter pressing into a storage area, collecting an acidic aqueous solution into a circulating water tank, and returning the acidic aqueous solution to the flow path by using the pump;
the fifth step: plastic flushing
And conveying the plastic separated by the secondary water separation to a plastic washing area, conveying the washed waste plastic to a product warehouse, introducing washing wastewater into a circulating water tank, periodically supplementing water and draining water in the circulating water tank, and introducing the drained water into a water treatment station for treatment.
The full-automatic disassembly process flow of the waste lead storage battery comprises the following steps of:
A. filtering the electrolyte:
adding a precipitator into the water treatment station to precipitate heavy metal ions, filtering, and then sending filter residues to a crude lead smelting furnace, and reusing the filtrate for production.
The full-automatic disassembly process flow of the waste lead storage battery is characterized in that the concentration of the waste acid is between 15 and 20 percent, and the freezing point is between-10 ℃ and-14 ℃.
The full-automatic disassembly process flow of the waste lead storage battery is characterized in that the circulating flow mode of the circulating water flow is as follows:
the clear water in the boat-shaped collection tank continuously flows into the spray water collection tank through the overflow port, about 500ppm of fine suspended particles are pumped to the vibrating screen again by the pump, and when the water is sprayed, the lead plaster and other crushed materials are separated again.
The full-automatic disassembly process flow of the waste lead storage battery is characterized in that a group of filters are arranged on a circulating route of the circulating water flow, and the filters can filter out impurities larger than 3 mm.
The full-automatic disassembling process flow of the waste lead storage battery is characterized in that the separation diameter of the filter screen is 0.5 mm.
The full-automatic disassembly process flow of the waste lead storage battery is characterized in that the main components of the lead plaster are lead sulfate, lead oxide and lead metal particles (1-2%), and other crushed impurities (max 1%).
The full-automatic disassembly process flow of the waste lead storage battery is characterized in that the lead oxide is PbO or PbO 2.
The full-automatic disassembly process flow of the waste lead storage battery is characterized in that the feeding mode is as follows: feeding according to the loss weight of the hopper in a proportional relationship.
The full-automatic disassembly process flow of the waste lead storage battery is characterized in that the circulating water can be supplemented with water and drained periodically, and the drained water enters a water treatment station for treatment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the working efficiency is improved, the industrialization is realized, the operation is convenient, and the large-scale operation is facilitated;
2. the process has the characteristics of short flow, full utilization of latent heat of intermediate products, energy conservation, environmental protection, high automation degree and the like, and meets the clean production requirements of the national process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the process flow of the full-automatic disassembly of the waste lead storage battery provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "on," "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.
It should be noted that the terms of orientation such as left, right, up and down in the embodiments of the present invention are only relative to each other or are referred to the normal use state of the product, and should not be considered as limiting.
The embodiment of the invention provides a full-automatic disassembling process flow of a waste lead storage battery, and with reference to fig. 1, the full-automatic disassembling process flow comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: collection of electrolyte
Waste acid flowing out of the waste storage battery is collected into a waste acid storage pit through a moderate slope design and then is conveyed to a water treatment station through a pump for neutralization and precipitation treatment;
the second step is that: crushing and sorting
Feeding: the waste lead-acid battery is poured into a hopper by a forklift or a grab bucket, fed by a vibrating feeder with a variable-frequency driver and conveyed into a crusher by a belt;
crushing and sorting: the waste lead-acid storage battery is crushed by a hammer after entering a crusher, the crushed material is crushed to be maximum 80mm, the crushed material directly falls into a vibrating screen, classification action is started by the cooperation of a circulating water spraying mechanism, lead plaster is separated from other components by a filter screen, lead plaster which is coagulated in water is brought into a ship-shaped collecting tank below by circulating water flow, and then is scraped into a weighable stirring tank by a chain scraper, the weighable stirring tank is stirred by a stirrer to be in a suspended state, the density of lead slime is controlled, signals are sent to a PLC (programmable logic controller) for calculation by a weight and liquid level sensor, and the speed of a chain scraper is adjusted to achieve the control purpose;
in the shale shaker, other debris can directly fall into the hydrodynamic separator, are squeezed into the separating centrifuge with water with high pressure from the ship type holding vessel by the pump, then can separate out the debris component completely:
grid metal: conveying and separating the water from the lower part of the hydrodynamic force separation equipment by a screw conveyor, and finally cleaning and disposing;
PP plastic or ABS plastic: the water is conveyed and separated from the upper part of the hydrodynamic force separation equipment by a screw conveying facility;
heavy plastics: conveying the separated water flow to a dewatering screen, separating solid parts, and conveying the solid parts into another separator, wherein the water from the dewatering screen and the water from the dewatering screen are conveyed to a water treatment station for treatment;
the fourth step: slurrying and filter pressing of lead plaster
Cleaning the lead plaster scraped by the lead plaster scraper by using tap water, pumping the cleaned lead plaster to a filter press in batch by using a pump, separating a water phase in the lead plaster, dropping the lead plaster subjected to filter pressing into a storage area, collecting an acidic aqueous solution into a circulating water tank, and returning the acidic aqueous solution to the flow path by using the pump;
the fifth step: plastic flushing
And conveying the plastic separated by the secondary water separation to a plastic washing area, conveying the washed waste plastic to a product warehouse, introducing washing wastewater into a circulating water tank, periodically supplementing water and draining water in the circulating water tank, and introducing the drained water into a water treatment station for treatment.
In the embodiment of the invention, the waste storage batteries are transported to a classification workshop from the outside of a factory by an automobile, after classification, the waste storage batteries are grabbed into a ground bin by a grab bucket travelling crane, then grabbed into a feeding hopper on a rubber belt conveyor from the ground bin, uniformly added onto the rubber belt conveyor by a vibration feeding machine and conveyed to a crusher for primary crushing, and waste electrolyte flows out of the waste batteries, is concentrated into a liquid collecting tank through a trench and is conveyed to a water treatment station for treatment. And (4) feeding the rest shell and the lead-containing material into a crusher for secondary crushing, and directly feeding the crushed material into a primary hydraulic separator. Exhaust gas is generated in the process.
Specifically, the crusher adopts a hook-type heavy hammer structure, can effectively crush the waste storage battery with a shell to a particle size smaller than 20mm and then discharge the crushed waste storage battery, and the crushed waste storage battery is continuously conveyed to a hydraulic classification box through a horizontal screw conveyor, so that heavy parts (namely grids and poles) with high density sink to the bottom of the classification box by adjusting the water supply pressure of a high-pressure water pump and the density difference of each component of the crushed material, the heavy parts are taken away by a screw conveyor, and the qualified grids after washing are conveyed to a crude lead smelting furnace by a rubber belt conveyor.
More specifically, the light part with low density (namely oxides and organic matters) flows to a horizontal sieve along with water, the undersize is oxides with small granularity, the oxides are discharged by a stepping paste removing machine and are sent to a filter press for filter pressing after being pulped by a pulping tank, the filter cake is sent to a crude lead smelting furnace, and the filtrate is sent to a circulating pool for recycling. The organic matter on the sieve flows into another hydraulic classification box along with water for classification, a light plastic part with low density and a heavy plastic part with high density are separated and discharged by respective screw machines, the heavy plastic and the light plastic are sent to the plastic by a forklift for washing, and the washed plastic is sent to a warehouse for storage and sale.
In the invention, the PP shell waste lead storage battery and the ABS shell waste lead storage battery are classified, disassembled and sorted, and a disassembling workshop is provided with 2 disassembling machines with disassembling capacity of 20t/h, wherein 1 disassembling machine is used for disassembling the ABS shell waste lead storage battery, and 1 disassembling machine is used for disassembling the PP shell waste lead storage battery, so that PP plastics and ABS plastics can be effectively classified.
Further, in the first step, the method further comprises the steps of:
A. filtering the electrolyte:
adding a precipitator into the water treatment station to precipitate heavy metal ions, filtering, and then sending filter residues to a crude lead smelting furnace, and reusing the filtrate for production.
Furthermore, the concentration of the waste acid is between 15 and 20 percent, and the freezing point is between-10 ℃ and-14 ℃.
Further, the circulation flow mode of the circulating water flow is as follows:
the clear water in the boat-shaped collection tank continuously flows into the spray water collection tank through the overflow port, about 500ppm of fine suspended particles are pumped to the vibrating screen again by the pump, and when the water is sprayed, the lead plaster and other crushed materials are separated again.
Furthermore, a group of filters are arranged on the circulating route of the circulating water flow, and the filters can filter out impurities larger than 3 mm.
Further, the separation diameter of the filter screen is 0.5 mm.
Furthermore, the main components of the lead paste are lead sulfate, lead oxide and lead metal particles (1-2%), plus other crushed impurities (max 1%).
Further, the lead oxide is PbO, PbO 2.
Furthermore, the feeding mode is as follows: feeding according to the loss weight of the hopper in a proportional relationship.
Furthermore, the circulating water can be supplemented with water and drained periodically, and the drained water enters a water treatment station for treatment.
In conclusion, the invention discloses a full-automatic disassembly process flow of a waste lead-acid storage battery, which can treat 40kt/a + 50kt/a of lead-containing waste materials on a large scale and produce 22 million tons of secondary lead, 5 million tons of electrolytic lead and 5 million tons of alloy lead annually, has the characteristics of short flow, capability of fully utilizing latent heat of intermediate products, energy conservation, environmental protection, high automation degree and the like, and meets the clean production requirements of the national process.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The full-automatic disassembling process flow of the waste lead storage battery is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the first step is as follows: collection of electrolyte
Waste acid flowing out of the waste storage battery is collected into a waste acid storage pit through a moderate slope design and then is conveyed to a water treatment station through a pump for neutralization and precipitation treatment;
the second step is that: crushing and sorting
Feeding: the waste lead-acid battery is poured into a hopper by a forklift or a grab bucket, fed by a vibrating feeder with a variable-frequency driver and conveyed into a crusher by a belt;
crushing and sorting: the waste lead-acid storage battery is crushed by a hammer after entering a crusher, the crushed material is crushed to be maximum 80mm, the crushed material directly falls into a vibrating screen, classification action is started by the cooperation of a circulating water spraying mechanism, lead plaster is separated from other components by a filter screen, lead plaster which is coagulated in water is brought into a ship-shaped collecting tank below by circulating water flow, and then is scraped into a weighable stirring tank by a chain scraper, the weighable stirring tank is stirred by a stirrer to be in a suspended state, the density of lead slime is controlled, signals are sent to a PLC (programmable logic controller) for calculation by a weight and liquid level sensor, and the speed of a chain scraper is adjusted to achieve the control purpose;
in the shale shaker, other debris can directly fall into the hydrodynamic separator, are squeezed into the separating centrifuge with water with high pressure from the ship type holding vessel by the pump, then can separate out the debris component completely:
grid metal: conveying and separating the water from the lower part of the hydrodynamic force separation equipment by a screw conveyor, and finally cleaning and disposing;
PP plastic or ABS plastic: the water is conveyed and separated from the upper part of the hydrodynamic force separation equipment by a screw conveying facility;
heavy plastics: conveying the separated water flow to a dewatering screen, separating solid parts, and conveying the solid parts into another separator, wherein the water from the dewatering screen and the water from the dewatering screen are conveyed to a water treatment station for treatment;
the third step: slurrying and filter pressing of lead plaster
Cleaning the lead plaster scraped by the lead plaster scraper by using tap water, pumping the cleaned lead plaster to a filter press in batch by using a pump, separating a water phase in the lead plaster, dropping the lead plaster subjected to filter pressing into a storage area, collecting an acidic aqueous solution into a circulating water tank, and returning the acidic aqueous solution to the flow path by using the pump;
the fourth step: plastic flushing
And conveying the plastic separated by the secondary water separation to a plastic washing area, conveying the washed waste plastic to a product warehouse, introducing washing wastewater into a circulating water tank, periodically supplementing water and draining water in the circulating water tank, and introducing the drained water into a water treatment station for treatment.
2. The process flow for fully automatically disassembling the waste lead storage batteries according to claim 1, wherein the first step further comprises the steps of:
A. filtering the electrolyte:
adding a precipitator into the water treatment station to precipitate heavy metal ions, filtering, and then sending filter residues to a crude lead smelting furnace, and reusing the filtrate for production.
3. The process flow for fully automatically disassembling the waste lead storage batteries according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the waste acid is between 15 and 20 percent, and the solidification point is between-10 ℃ and-14 ℃.
4. The process flow for fully automatically disassembling the waste lead storage batteries according to claim 1, wherein the circulating water flow is in a circulating mode:
the clear water in the boat-shaped collection tank continuously flows into the spray water collection tank through the overflow port, about 500ppm of fine suspended particles are pumped to the vibrating screen again by the pump, and when the water is sprayed, the lead plaster and other crushed materials are separated again.
5. The process flow for fully automatically disassembling the waste lead storage batteries according to claim 1, wherein a group of filters is arranged on the circulation route of the circulation water flow, and the filters can filter out impurities larger than 3 mm.
6. The process flow for fully automatically disassembling the waste lead storage batteries according to claim 1, wherein the separation diameter of the filter screen is 0.5 mm.
7. The process flow for the full-automatic disassembly of waste lead storage batteries according to claim 1, wherein the main components of the lead plaster are lead sulfate, lead oxide and lead metal particles (1-2%), plus other crushed impurities (max 1%).
8. The process flow for fully automatically disassembling the waste lead storage batteries according to claim 7, wherein the lead oxide is PbO or PbO 2.
9. The process flow for fully automatically disassembling the waste lead storage batteries according to claim 1, wherein the feeding manner is as follows: feeding according to the loss weight of the hopper in a proportional relationship.
10. The process flow for fully automatically disassembling the waste lead storage batteries according to claim 1, wherein the circulating water is periodically supplemented with water and drained, and the drained water is treated in a water treatment station.
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| CN202110457473.4A CN113078383A (en) | 2021-04-27 | 2021-04-27 | Full-automatic disassembling process flow of waste lead storage battery |
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2021
- 2021-04-27 CN CN202110457473.4A patent/CN113078383A/en active Pending
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| CN101217205A (en) * | 2007-12-27 | 2008-07-09 | 河南豫光金铅股份有限公司 | A method of pre-treatment and components separation of waste lead-acid accumulator |
| WO2015084950A1 (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2015-06-11 | Vipin Tyagi | Zero lead pollution process for recycling used lead acid batteries |
| WO2016015446A1 (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2016-02-04 | 湖南江冶机电科技股份有限公司 | Process for crushing and separating of waste maintenance-free lead-acid storage battery |
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