CN113074062A - Wide-temperature-range flexible joint and flexible spray pipe - Google Patents
Wide-temperature-range flexible joint and flexible spray pipe Download PDFInfo
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- CN113074062A CN113074062A CN202110353951.7A CN202110353951A CN113074062A CN 113074062 A CN113074062 A CN 113074062A CN 202110353951 A CN202110353951 A CN 202110353951A CN 113074062 A CN113074062 A CN 113074062A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K9/00—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof
- F02K9/08—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof using solid propellants
- F02K9/32—Constructional parts; Details not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K9/00—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof
- F02K9/97—Rocket nozzles
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Abstract
The application relates to the field of solid rocket engines, and discloses a wide-temperature-range flexible joint which comprises a front flange, a rear flange, a plurality of layers of elastic parts and a plurality of layers of reinforcing parts, wherein the front flange and the rear flange are connected through the plurality of layers of elastic parts and the plurality of layers of reinforcing parts; the elastic part is made of addition type liquid silicon rubber material; the reinforcing part is made of high-strength carbon/phenolic composite material; the elastic parts and the reinforcing parts are of spherical annular sheet structures, and the multilayer reinforcing parts and the multilayer elastic parts are alternately bonded; the shortest arc length of the reinforcing part is longer than that of the elastic part, and the part of the reinforcing part, which is relatively longer than the elastic part, is filled with dynamic sealing unvulcanized putty. The wide-temperature flexible joint and the flexible spray pipe are used, the stability and the safety performance of the elastic part and the reinforcing part are better, and the environment adaptability is better.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of solid rocket engines, in particular to a flexible joint and a flexible spray pipe used at wide temperature.
Background
At present, the solid rocket engine has the advantages of good use safety, high reliability, good storage performance, high density ratio, convenient service treatment and the like, becomes a main power device in the missile field, and is widely applied in the aerospace field. The flexible jet pipe is one of the key parts of solid rocket engine, is the device for converting engine energy and realizing thrust vector control, and is generally composed of movable body, fixed body, flexible joint and actuator. The flexible joint is used as a core component of the flexible spray pipe, and the purpose of swinging the flexible spray pipe is achieved through deformation of the flexible joint.
The flexible joint is composed of a front flange, a rear flange, a reinforcing piece and an elastic piece. The reinforcement provides stiffness to the flexible joint against engine pressure, and mainly bears the inner side hoop compression stress caused by combustion chamber pressure and swing angle during operation. The elastic piece provides the degree of freedom required by swinging for the flexible joint, and the flexible joint is twisted when receiving a lateral force by utilizing the characteristic that the shear modulus of a rubber material is far smaller than the compression modulus and is easy to generate shear deformation, so that the molded surface of the spray pipe is driven to swing as required. The flexible joint bonded by the elastic part and the reinforcing part has a severe working environment and bears high-pressure and high-temperature loads inside an engine in the working process, so that the flexible joint has high structural strength, excellent high-temperature ablation resistance and good environmental adaptability.
In the prior art, the elastic member is a super-elastic material, and fatigue failure is easily generated during operation due to the characteristics of the super-elastic material (incompressibility and existence of precursor bodies inside the elastic member), and particularly, crack propagation failure is easily generated on the elastic member; and because of the high-temperature and high-pressure working environment, the reinforcing piece is easy to generate high-frequency circular wave buckling and volume compression damage. The flexible joint bonded by the elastic part and the reinforcing part has a severe working environment and bears high pressure and high temperature load in an engine in the working process, so that the flexible joint has high structural strength, excellent high-temperature ablation resistance and good environmental adaptability, and in some scenes, the flexible joint is required to be normally applicable in a wide temperature range (such as-60 ℃ to +60 ℃), but the existing flexible joint is not applicable to a wide-temperature environment. It is highly desirable to develop a reinforcement and a resilient member for wide temperature applications, and both need to be reliably bonded together as a flexible joint to meet the application requirements of wide temperature environments.
However, the conventional metal material reinforcement cannot meet the use requirement in the wide temperature environment, and the development of the composite material reinforcement meeting the use requirement in the wide temperature environment is urgently needed. The composite material reinforcement is different from a composite flat material part manufactured by a traditional process design method in application working conditions, the stress direction of the traditional composite flat material mainly comprises stretching and compression along the plane direction and bending perpendicular to the plane direction, and the transmitted stress mainly comprises the stretching stress, so that the requirements of complex and changeable shearing stress and bending moment in the practical application working conditions can not be well met, and therefore, the structural rigidity and the force transmission function of the flexible joint can not be met according to the traditional composite flat material design mode.
Furthermore, although the conventional silicon rubber elastic material has stable shearing performance in a wide temperature range, has excellent high and low temperature (-60 ℃ to +60 ℃) resistance and radiation, ozone, solvent resistance and other performances, is superior to many conventional elastic materials, and is very suitable for the harsh working environment requirement of a flexible joint, the silicon rubber as the elastic material has the defects of difficult bonding and the like, because the molecular chain has low polarity, low reaction activity and incompatible chemical surface, the silicon rubber is difficult to form effective bonding with a reinforcing part material (metal or composite material, especially composite material), and the use reliability of the flexible joint is reduced.
In a word, the existing reinforcing part, elastic part and flexible joint manufactured by bonding the reinforcing part and the elastic part can not meet the use requirement of the solid rocket engine in the high-speed development wide-temperature environment any more, for example, in some scenes, the flexible joint is required to be normally applicable in a wide temperature range (such as-60 ℃ to +60 ℃).
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the application aims to provide the flexible joint and the flexible spray pipe for wide-temperature use, the lightweight design is realized, the working stability and the stress performance of the whole flexible joint are improved, and the environment adaptability for normal work in a wider temperature range (such as-60 ℃ to +60 ℃) is realized.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme is as follows: the wide-temperature-range flexible joint comprises a front flange, a rear flange, a plurality of layers of elastic parts and a plurality of layers of reinforcing parts, wherein the front flange and the rear flange are connected through the plurality of layers of elastic parts and the plurality of layers of reinforcing parts; the elastic part is made of addition type liquid silicon rubber material; the reinforcing part is made of high-strength carbon/phenolic composite material; the elastic parts and the reinforcing parts are of spherical annular sheet structures, and the multilayer reinforcing parts and the multilayer elastic parts are alternately bonded; the shortest arc length of the reinforcing part is longer than that of the elastic part, and the part of the reinforcing part, which is relatively longer than the elastic part, is filled with dynamic sealing unvulcanized putty.
Preferably, the front flange and the rear flange are both made of high-strength steel materials.
Preferably, the multilayer elastic part is n +1 layers of matched spherical annular elastic sheets concentrically arranged, the multilayer reinforcing part is n layers of matched spherical annular rigid sheets concentrically arranged, and n is a natural number; the n +1 layers of spherical annular elastic sheets and the n layers of spherical annular rigid sheets are bonded at intervals alternately.
Preferably, the multilayer elastic member and the multilayer reinforcing member are formed into a whole and are bonded with the rear flange through hot vulcanization to form a hot-bonded composite, and the hot-bonded composite is bonded with the front flange through a cold adhesive to form a concentric connecting body.
Preferably, the reinforcement is designed in a differential lamination mode and comprises a large opening, a middle section and a small opening, the large opening is formed by alternately laying long and short carbon fiber prepregs, the middle section is reinforced by the annular carbon fiber prepregs, and the small opening is formed by stacking the long carbon fiber prepregs.
Preferably, the reinforcing part is manufactured by adopting a hot-pressing curing process.
Preferably, the inner surface part and the outer surface part of the reinforcing part are made of carbon fiber satin weave.
The application also discloses a flexible spray pipe which comprises a movable body, a fixed body and the wide-temperature use flexible joint; the movable body is fixedly connected with the rear flange of the flexible joint, and the fixed body is fixedly connected with the front flange of the flexible joint.
Preferably, the front flange and the rear flange are both made of high-strength steel materials; the multilayer elastic part is n +1 layers of matched spherical annular elastic sheets arranged concentrically, the multilayer reinforcing part is n layers of matched spherical annular rigid sheets arranged concentrically, and n is a natural number; the n +1 layers of spherical annular elastic sheets and the n layers of spherical annular rigid sheets are bonded at intervals; the multilayer elastic part and the multilayer reinforcing part form a whole, the multilayer elastic part and the multilayer reinforcing part are thermally vulcanized and bonded with the rear flange to form a hot bonding composite body, and the hot bonding composite body and the front flange are bonded through cold adhesive to form a concentric connector.
Preferably, the reinforcement is designed in a differential lamination mode and comprises a large opening, a middle section and a small opening, wherein the large opening is formed by alternately laying long cloth belts and short cloth belts, the middle section is reinforced by circumferential cloth belts, and the small opening is formed by stacking the long cloth belts; the reinforcing part is manufactured by adopting a hot-pressing curing process.
The beneficial effect that technical scheme that this application provided brought includes:
according to the wide-temperature-range flexible joint and the flexible spray pipe, the elastic part of the flexible joint is made of addition type liquid silicone rubber material with excellent low-temperature (-60 ℃) performance, and compared with the traditional super-elastic material, the wide-temperature-range flexible joint and the flexible spray pipe have better fatigue characteristics and are less prone to crack propagation damage.
The reinforcing part is made of high-strength carbon/phenolic composite material; the reinforcing piece made of the high-strength carbon/phenolic aldehyde composite material is used for replacing a traditional metal material reinforcing piece, so that certain strength and rigidity can be provided, axial compression stress and tensile stress generated by high-temperature gas from a combustion chamber can be born, the lightweight design can be realized, the weight is reduced, the overall mass of the reinforcing piece is reduced by about 50%, metal fatigue of the traditional metal reinforcing piece is overcome, the working stability of the whole flexible joint is improved, the passive mass of the whole flexible spray pipe is reduced, and the performance of a solid rocket engine is greatly improved;
the reinforcing part and the elastic part are both multilayer and are of spherical annular sheet structures, and the reinforcing part and the elastic part are formed by alternately bonding; compared with the traditional metal material reinforcing piece, the outer surface of the high-strength carbon/phenolic aldehyde composite material reinforcing piece has better bonding performance, after the composite material reinforcing piece is molded, the surface is polished to be rough, a layer of epoxy propyl trialkoxysilane is coated, the composite material reinforcing piece and a specially-made elastic piece of addition type liquid silicone rubber material are vulcanized together in the subsequent molding process and are manufactured into a flexible joint together with a front flange and a rear flange, so that the interface debonding condition between the reinforcing piece and the elastic piece can not occur when the flexible joint is subjected to transverse shear stress, compared with the traditional reinforcing piece made of a composite flat plate material, the high-strength carbon/phenolic aldehyde composite material reinforcing piece can bear tensile stress, can also better bear complicated and variable shear stress and bending moment, and improves the working stability and the stress performance of the whole flexible joint;
meanwhile, the reinforcing piece made of the high-strength carbon/phenolic aldehyde composite material has good ablation resistance and heat insulation performance, the design of the flexible spray pipe can be simplified, and a special flexible joint heat protection device does not need to be designed; the shortest arc length of the reinforcing part is longer than that of the elastic part, dynamic sealing unvulcanized putty is filled in the part of the reinforcing part, which is longer than the elastic part, and the reinforcing part is used as a heat-proof structure of the flexible joint, and has simple structure and good heat-proof performance.
The carbon fiber/epoxy resin type reinforcing part and the special elastic part made of addition type liquid silicone rubber material are combined to form the flexible joint, and a large number of experiments prove that the flexible joint made of the carbon fiber/epoxy resin type reinforcing part has excellent performance suitable for wide-temperature (-60 ℃) environments.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a partial schematic view of a flexible joint coupled to a flexible spout provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a partial structure of a flexible joint provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a flexible joint provided by an embodiment of the present application;
reference numerals: 1. a flexible joint; 2. a fixed body; 3. a movable body; 4. a theoretical swing center; 11. a rear flange; 12. a front flange; 13. an elastic member; 14. a reinforcement.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
As shown in fig. 1, the present application discloses an embodiment of a wide temperature use flexible joint, which includes a front flange 12, a rear flange 11, a multi-layer elastic member 13 and a multi-layer reinforcing member 14, wherein the front flange 12 and the rear flange 11 are connected by the multi-layer elastic member 13 and the multi-layer reinforcing member 14.
The elastic part 13 is made of a specially-made addition type liquid silicone rubber material with excellent low-temperature performance, can adapt to lower low temperature, and expands the environmental adaptability of the whole flexible joint; the reinforcement 14 is made of a high-strength carbon/phenolic composite material, and since the carbon/phenolic composite material has good ablation resistance and heat insulation performance, the multi-layer reinforcement 14 simplifies the flexible joint by phase change, and a heat protection device is not required to be specially designed for the flexible joint. The weight of the whole flexible joint is reduced. The elastic parts 13 and the reinforcing parts 14 are of spherical annular elastic sheet structures, and the multiple layers of reinforcing parts 14 and the multiple layers of elastic parts 13 are alternately bonded to form a whole.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, all the elastic members 13 and the reinforcing members 14 have the same spherical center (i.e., the theoretical center of gravity 4), the shortest arc length of the reinforcing member 14 (the shortest arc length of a spherical ring, i.e., the arc length of the cross section shown in fig. 3) is longer than that of the elastic member 13, and the gap formed by the reinforcing member 14 and the elastic member 13 is filled with dynamic seal unvulcanized putty, which can effectively prevent the high temperature generated by rocket launching from being transmitted to the elastic member 13.
Preferably, the shortest arc length of the reinforcement member 14 is 1/3-1/2 longer than the shortest arc length of the elastomeric member 13, which provides better filling of the dynamic seal uncured mastic.
In one embodiment, the front flange 12 and the rear flange 11 are made of high-strength steel materials, and the front flange 12 and the rear flange 11 are used for fixing the flexible joint 1 on the flexible nozzle, so that the connection is firm and reliable.
In one embodiment, the multi-layer elastic member 13 is n +1 matched layers of spherical annular elastic sheets arranged concentrically, the multi-layer reinforcing member 14 is n matched layers of spherical annular rigid sheets arranged concentrically, and n is a natural number; the n +1 layers of spherical annular elastic sheets and the n layers of spherical annular rigid sheets are alternately bonded at intervals to form a firm whole and have the same spherical center. Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, n is 3, 4 layers of spherical annular elastic sheets and 3 layers of spherical annular rigid sheets are alternately bonded at intervals.
In one embodiment, the thickness of the elastic member 13 is 0.5mm to 3mm, and the thickness of the reinforcing member 14 is 0.9mm to 6 mm.
In one embodiment, the multi-layer elastic member 13 and the multi-layer reinforcing member 14 are formed as a single body and are bonded to the rear flange 11 by heat vulcanization to form a heat-bonded composite, and the heat-bonded composite is bonded to the front flange 12 by a cold adhesive to form a concentric connection. The whole formed by the multilayer elastic part 13 and the multilayer reinforcing part 14 is subjected to hot vulcanization bonding treatment with the rear flange 11, the connection is stable and reliable, and the hot bonding composite body is bonded with the front flange 12 through a cold adhesive, so that the assembly is simple, convenient and efficient.
In one embodiment, the flexible joint 1 is formed by alternately bonding a plurality of layers of elastic members 13 and reinforcing members 14, and the reinforcing members 14 are also formed by designing a plurality of carbon fiber prepreg laminates. Specifically, the reinforcement 14 is formed by differential lamination design and includes a large opening, a middle section and a small opening, the large opening, the middle section and the small opening are formed by laying cloth tapes formed by carbon fiber prepregs, the large opening is formed by alternately laying long and short cloth tapes, the middle section is reinforced by circumferential cloth tapes, and the small opening is stacked by long cloth tapes. Compared with the traditional composite flat plate material design mode, the reinforcing part 14 is in a spherical ring shape, and the difference lamination design is specially adopted, so that the reinforcing part 14 can bear tensile stress, complex and variable shearing stress and bending moment, and the working stability and the stress performance of the whole flexible joint are improved.
Further, the reinforcing member 14 is manufactured by a hot press curing process. After the large opening, the middle section and the small opening are stacked in multiple layers, hot-pressing curing is carried out to form a whole, and the heat-insulating glass has good ablation resistance and heat-insulating property.
Preferably, a carbon fiber satin weave is used for both the inner and outer surface portions of each layer of reinforcement 14. The specification of the carbon fiber satin fabric is 12 k.
The addition type liquid silicone rubber material is specially prepared, and particularly, the addition type liquid silicone rubber material with excellent low-temperature performance is prepared by the following steps:
q1. preparation of tackifier:
adding silicone oil with high hydrogen content (hydrogen content is more than or equal to 1.5%), KH570 and KH560 into an organic solvent, adding a platinum catalyst, adding a drop of dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst, and keeping the temperature at 90-105 ℃ for 7 hours. Distilling the liquid after the reaction is finished at the temperature of 160 ℃ under reduced pressure for 8 hours, and taking the residual liquid (substrate);
the reaction equation is as follows:
wherein n is 5-100, and m is 30-1000;
and Q2, preparing liquid silicone rubber base rubber:
vinyl silicone oil, octa (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) T8-POSS (CAS registration number: 164017-77-0) and white carbon black are subjected to banburying in a banbury mixer at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 120 ℃ for 4h-6h, preferably 5h, so as to obtain liquid silicone rubber base rubber;
q3. preparation of the crosslinking agent:
octavinyl T8-POSS is completely dissolved in an organic solvent, then a platinum catalyst is added, the temperature is raised to 120 ℃ under the condition of stirring, the mixture is stirred for 0.5 to 1 hour, then silicone oil containing hydrogen (the hydrogen content is more than or equal to 0.2 percent) is dripped, and the reaction is continued for 0.5 to 1 hour after the addition is finished; adding activated carbon into the liquid after reaction, stirring for 0.5-1 h to adsorb the catalyst, and then filtering under normal pressure to remove the catalyst. Removing the organic solvent by final vacuum decompression, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the cross-linking agent;
the reaction equation is as follows:
wherein R is vinyl, a is 3-50, and b is 30-200;
preparation of adhesive liquid silicone rubber: the dosage of the tackifier and the cross-linking agent in the liquid silicone rubber-based adhesive is adjusted by an orthogonal test method, so that the carbon fiber/epoxy resin composite material has the best bonding effect.
Further, in the step Q1, the content of the high hydrogen-containing silicone oil is 80-100 parts by weight, the content of KH570 is 20-40 parts by weight, the content of KH560 is 30-50 parts by weight, the content of the organic solvent is 150-250 parts by weight, and the content of the catalyst is 0.1-1 part by weight.
Further, in the step Q2, the content of the vinyl silicone oil is 100 parts by weight, the content of the octa (2, 3-glycidoxypropyl) T8-POSS is 1-5 parts by weight, and the content of the white carbon black is 30-50 parts by weight.
Further, in the step Q3, the content of octavinyl T8-POSS is 2-8 parts by weight, the content of the catalyst is 0.01-1 part by weight, the content of the hydrogen-containing silicone oil is 80-120 parts by weight, and the content of the organic solvent is 100-150 parts by weight.
Further, in the step Q4, the tackifier is used in an amount of 1 to 20 parts by weight and the crosslinking agent is used in an amount of 0.1 to 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the liquid silicone rubber-based adhesive.
Further, the platinum catalyst is one of a tetrahydrofuran-coordinated platinum catalyst, a methylvinylsiloxane-coordinated platinum catalyst, a diethyl phthalate-coordinated platinum catalyst, a chloroplatinic acid isopropanol solution or an aminohydroxypolysiloxane-coordinated heat-sensitive platinum catalyst.
Further, the rule for adjusting the amounts of the tackifier and the crosslinking agent in the liquid silicone rubber-based adhesive is an orthogonal test method. So that the carbon fiber/epoxy resin composite material has the best bonding effect.
The addition type liquid silicone rubber has specific cohesiveness to the carbon fiber/epoxy resin composite material, and the addition type liquid silicone rubber contains an active component modified by epoxy, so that the compatibility of the silicone rubber and the surface of the carbon fiber/epoxy resin composite material is improved, and the silicone rubber can better wet the surface of the composite material. This is so that: the distance between molecules of the two materials on the bonding interface is reduced, and the intermolecular force of the two materials is increased; secondly, the addition type liquid silicon rubber is easier to permeate into microscopic gaps and concave-convex parts on the surface of the composite material before curing (the surface of each material is not absolutely smooth, and the surface of the material which looks smooth to the naked eye is microscopically rough), so that strong mechanical locking force is formed after the silicon rubber is cured; and thirdly, the molecular Brownian motion enhancement at the interface is promoted, so that the mutual permeation of the two materials is facilitated, or the intermolecular hydrogen bond is formed, and the bonding force is increased. The epoxy modified addition type liquid silicone rubber effectively solves the problem that the existing addition type liquid silicone rubber and a carbon fiber/epoxy resin composite material have poor bonding property.
Specifically, in one embodiment, a method for preparing addition type liquid silicone rubber with specific adhesion to a carbon fiber/epoxy resin composite material is provided, which comprises the following specific steps:
1) 75.00g of toluene organic solvent was put in a three-necked flask, 20.00g of KH570 and 25.00g of KH560 were added thereto, a thermometer and a condensing reflux unit were attached, 0.50mL of a toluene solution of 0.10mol/L tetramethyldivinylsiloxane complex Pt (platinum-based catalyst) was added thereto, 50.00g of highly hydrogenous silicone oil was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred and refluxed at 100 ℃ for 7 hours. And (3) carrying out reduced pressure distillation on the reacted liquid for 8 hours at the vacuum degree of-0.09 MPa and the temperature of 160 ℃. Distillate is solvent toluene, and substrate is tackifier;
2) 50.00g of vinyl silicone oil, 2.50g of octa (2, 3-glycidoxypropyl) T8-POSS and 25.0g of white carbon black are banburying in a banbury mixer and banburying at 100 ℃ for 5 hours to obtain the liquid silicone rubber base rubber.
3) A500 ml three-necked round-bottomed flask was equipped with a thermometer and a condenser, 100.00g of anhydrous ether in which 8.00g of octavinyl T8-POSS was dissolved was charged into the flask, and the temperature was raised to 40 ℃ under the protection of dry nitrogen. After the POSS raw material is completely dissolved, keeping the temperature at 40 ℃ for 0.5 hour. Then, 1.00mL of a 0.10mol/L chloroplatinic acid isopropanol solution (platinum group catalyst) was added, followed by dropwise addition of 120.00g of methyl hydrogen-containing silicone oil having a hydrogen content of 0.15% (hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, each means wt%) and a number average molecular weight of 2.0 ten thousand. And after the addition, continuing to react for 0.5h, adding 3g of activated carbon, stirring at room temperature for 1h, filtering, and removing the solvent under a vacuum condition to obtain viscous flowing liquid, thus obtaining the novel cross-linking agent containing POSS. Wherein n is 5-100, m is 30-1000; in the cross-linking agent, a is 3-50, and b is 30-200; they are not pure per se, and both values in the formula are within this range.
4) 50.00g of liquid silicone rubber base rubber, 10.00g of tackifier and 2.50g of cross-linking agent are banburying in a banbury mixer and banburying at room temperature (25 ℃) for 1 hour to obtain the addition type liquid silicone rubber raw rubber with specific adhesiveness.
The tensile strength and the elongation at break of the vulcanized silicone rubber are measured according to the method specified in GB/T528-. And (3) testing results: shore Hardness (HA) 42, tensile strength (MPa) 10.1, elongation at break (%) 759, tensile set (%) 3.5, shear strength (MPa) 6.5; the test results of a comparative example (commercially available Dongguan certain silica gel technology Co., Ltd., model LSR96 addition type silicone rubber) are also given: shore Hardness (HA) was 38, tensile strength (MPa) was 5.6, elongation at break (%) was 658, tensile set (%) was 5.5, and shear strength (MPa) was 1.5.
In the flexible joint 1, the elastic part 13 is made of addition type silicon rubber material with excellent low-temperature performance (-60 ℃ to +60 ℃), so that compared with the traditional hyperelastic material, the flexible joint has better fatigue property and is less prone to crack propagation damage. The reinforcement 14 is made of a high-strength carbon/phenolic composite material; the reinforcing piece 14 made of the high-strength carbon/phenolic aldehyde composite material is used for replacing a traditional metal material reinforcing piece, so that certain strength and rigidity can be provided, axial compression stress and tensile stress generated by high-temperature gas from a combustion chamber can be born, the lightweight design can be realized, the weight is reduced, the overall mass of the reinforcing piece 14 is reduced by about 50%, metal fatigue of the traditional metal reinforcing piece is overcome, the working stability of the whole flexible joint is improved, the negative mass of the whole flexible spray pipe is reduced, and the performance of a solid rocket engine is greatly improved;
the reinforcing part 14 and the elastic part 13 are both multilayer and are of spherical annular sheet structures, and the reinforcing part and the elastic part are formed by alternately bonding; compared with the traditional metal material reinforcing part, the outer surface of the reinforcing part 14 made of the high-strength carbon/phenolic composite material has better bonding performance, the elastic part 13 made of the addition type liquid silicone rubber material also has better bonding performance, moreover, after the composite material reinforcement is manufactured and molded, the surface is polished to be rough, a layer of epoxy propyl trialkoxy silane is coated, in the subsequent forming process, the flexible joint is vulcanized together with the elastic piece of the specially-made addition liquid silicone rubber material and is manufactured with the front flange and the rear flange into a flexible joint, so that the interface between the reinforcing element 14 and the elastic element 13 does not become debonded when the flexible joint 1 is subjected to transverse shear stresses, compared with the traditional reinforcing piece made of composite flat plate materials, the flexible joint can bear tensile stress, can also bear complex and variable shearing stress and bending moment well, and improves the working stability and the stress performance of the whole flexible joint;
meanwhile, the reinforcing part 14 made of the high-strength carbon/phenolic aldehyde composite material has good ablation resistance and heat insulation performance, the design of the flexible spray pipe can be simplified, and a special thermal protection device of the flexible joint 1 is not required to be designed; the shortest arc length of the reinforcing part 14 is longer than that of the elastic part 13, and dynamic sealing unvulcanized putty is filled in the part of the reinforcing part 14, which is longer than the elastic part 13, so that the flexible joint 1 is used as a heat-proof structure, and has a simple structure and good heat-proof performance.
As shown in fig. 1, the application also discloses a flexible nozzle, which comprises a movable body 3, a fixed body 2 and the wide-temperature use flexible joint 1; the movable body 3 is fixedly connected with a rear flange 11 of the flexible joint 1, and the fixed body 2 is fixedly connected with a front flange 12 of the flexible joint 1. The flexible spray pipe connected by the flexible joint 1 simplifies the design structure of the flexible spray pipe and reduces the space occupied by the whole flexible spray pipe.
Further, the multilayer elastic part 13 is n +1 layers of matched spherical annular elastic sheets concentrically arranged, the multilayer reinforcing part 14 is n layers of matched spherical annular rigid sheets concentrically arranged, the n +1 layers of spherical annular elastic sheets and the n layers of spherical annular rigid sheets are alternately bonded at intervals to form a firm whole, and n is a natural number. In one embodiment, the thickness of the elastic member 13 is 0.5mm to 3mm, and the thickness of the reinforcing member 14 is 0.9mm to 6 mm.
In one embodiment, the multi-layer elastic member 13 and the multi-layer reinforcing member 14 are formed as a single body and are bonded to the rear flange 11 by heat vulcanization to form a heat-bonded composite, and the heat-bonded composite is bonded to the front flange 12 by a cold adhesive to form a concentric connection. The whole formed by the multilayer elastic part 13 and the multilayer reinforcing part 14 is subjected to hot vulcanization bonding treatment with the rear flange 11, the connection is stable and reliable, and the hot bonding composite body is bonded with the front flange 12 through a cold adhesive, so that the assembly is simple, convenient and efficient.
Further, the reinforcement member 14 itself is also designed using a plurality of carbon fiber prepreg plies. Specifically, the reinforcement 14 is formed by differential lamination design and includes a large opening, a middle section and a small opening, the large opening, the middle section and the small opening are formed by laying cloth tapes formed by carbon fiber prepregs, the large opening is formed by alternately laying long and short cloth tapes, the middle section is reinforced by circumferential cloth tapes, and the small opening is stacked by long cloth tapes. The reinforcement 14 is made using a hot press curing process. After the large opening, the middle section and the small opening are stacked in multiple layers, hot-pressing curing is carried out to form a whole, and the heat-insulating glass has good ablation resistance and heat-insulating property.
Further, after the reinforcement 14 is molded, the surface is polished to be rough, a layer of epoxy propyl trialkoxysilane is coated, the compatibility of the surface of the elastic part 13 (silicon rubber) and the surface of the reinforcement 14 (carbon fiber/epoxy resin composite material) is further improved, the bonding performance of the elastic part and the reinforcement 14 is improved, and the elastic part 13 and the rubber material are co-vulcanized in the subsequent molding process.
In one embodiment, the flexible joint 1 has a joint ball radius of R99.8mm, a joint angle of 50 degrees and a joint internal and external angle difference of 12 degrees; wherein the elastic part 7 layers are 1.8mm in thickness and 19.8mm in width and made of high-performance silicon rubber; the reinforcing piece 6 is 3mm in thickness and 30.3mm in width and is made of carbon/phenolic aldehyde. The front flange and the rear flange are made of high-strength steel 30 CrMnSiA. The flexible joint is adaptive to the environment temperature of minus 55 ℃ to plus 60 ℃, the weight of the flexible joint is reduced by 1/3 compared with that of an alloy steel material reinforcing piece, the maximum swing angle reaches 8 ℃, the flexible joint has a simple and compact structure, and a special heat-proof structure is omitted.
The flexible spray pipe adopts the flexible joint to connect, realizes the whole lightweight design of the flexible spray pipe, reduces weight, reduces vibration, overcomes metal fatigue, reduces the passive mass of the whole flexible spray pipe, and greatly improves the performance of a solid rocket engine.
The elastic part is made of silicon rubber materials with excellent low-temperature performance, the temperature adaptation width of the whole flexible spray pipe is widened, the environment adaptation performance is better, the reinforcing part 14 made of high-strength carbon/phenolic aldehyde composite materials has good ablation resistance and heat insulation performance, the design of the flexible spray pipe is simplified, and a special flexible joint 1 heat protection device is not required to be designed; the shortest arc length of the reinforcing piece 14 is 1/3-1/2 longer than that of the elastic piece 13, and the part of the reinforcing piece 14, which is longer than the elastic piece 13, is filled with dynamic sealing unvulcanized putty and is used as a heat-proof structure of the flexible joint 1, so that the flexible joint is simple in structure and good in heat-proof performance.
A spray pipe made of the flexible joint is assembled on a matched engine, according to the method specified by the national military standard GJB5021-2001 solid rocket engine temperature test method and GJB2365A-2004 solid rocket engine static test parameter test method, one engine is subjected to a heat preservation test at a high temperature of 60 ℃, then the ignition test run is successful, the other engine is subjected to a heat preservation test at a low temperature of 60 ℃ below zero, and then the ignition test run is successful. After a large number of engine ignition test runs, the flexible joint meets the use requirement of a wide-temperature environment (-60 ℃ to +60 ℃), has extremely high economic value and makes outstanding contribution to the development of solid rockets.
The flexible nozzle of the application has a theoretical center of oscillation, which is on the axis of the engine (nozzle), is fixed theoretically, and is the concentric sphere center of the multilayer spherical annular elastic part 13 and the multilayer spherical annular reinforcing part 14; by adopting the flexible spray pipe, under the complex stress condition, the elastic part 13 and the reinforcing part 14 have good stress performance, can bear tensile stress, and can also bear complex and variable shear stress and bending moment well, so that the swing center of the flexible spray pipe in the swing process changes slightly, and the working performance of the solid rocket engine is stable.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and operate, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application. Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are intended to be inclusive and mean, for example, that they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
It is noted that, in the present application, relational terms such as "first" and "second", and the like, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above description is merely exemplary of the present application and is presented to enable those skilled in the art to understand and practice the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. The wide-temperature-range flexible joint comprises a front flange (12), a rear flange (11), a plurality of layers of elastic parts (13) and a plurality of layers of reinforcing parts (14), wherein the front flange (12) and the rear flange (11) are connected through the plurality of layers of elastic parts (13) and the plurality of layers of reinforcing parts (14); the method is characterized in that:
the elastic part (13) is made of addition type liquid silicon rubber material; the reinforcing part (14) is made of high-strength carbon/phenolic composite material; the elastic parts (13) and the reinforcing parts (14) are both of spherical annular sheet structures, and the multilayer reinforcing parts (14) and the multilayer elastic parts (13) are alternately bonded; the shortest arc length of the reinforcing part (14) is longer than that of the elastic part (13), and the part of the reinforcing part (14) which is longer than the elastic part (13) is filled with dynamic sealing unvulcanized putty.
2. A wide temperature use flexible joint as defined in claim 1, wherein: the front flange (12) and the rear flange (11) are both made of high-strength steel materials.
3. A wide temperature use flexible joint as defined in claim 1, wherein: the multilayer elastic part (13) is n +1 layers of matched spherical annular elastic sheets arranged concentrically, the multilayer reinforcing part (14) is n layers of matched spherical annular rigid sheets arranged concentrically, and n is a natural number; the n +1 layers of spherical annular elastic sheets and the n layers of spherical annular rigid sheets are bonded at intervals alternately.
4. A wide temperature use flexible joint as defined in claim 1, wherein: the multilayer elastic piece (13) and the multilayer reinforcing piece (14) form a whole, and are bonded with the rear flange (11) in a hot vulcanization mode to form a hot bonding composite body, and the hot bonding composite body and the front flange (12) are bonded through cold adhesives to form a concentric connecting body.
5. A wide temperature use flexible joint as defined in claim 1, wherein: the reinforcement (14) is designed in a differential lamination mode and comprises a large opening, a middle section and a small opening, the large opening is formed by alternately laying long and short carbon fiber prepregs, the middle section is reinforced by the annular carbon fiber prepregs, and the small opening is formed by stacking the long carbon fiber prepregs.
6. A wide temperature use flexible joint as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the reinforcing part (14) is manufactured by adopting a hot-pressing curing process.
7. A wide temperature use flexible joint as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the inner surface part and the outer surface part of the reinforcing piece (14) adopt carbon fiber satin weave.
8. A flexible lance, characterized by comprising a movable body (3), a stationary body (2) and a wide temperature use flexible joint (1) according to claim 1;
the movable body (3) is fixedly connected with a rear flange (11) of the flexible joint (1), and the fixed body (2) is fixedly connected with a front flange (12) of the flexible joint (1).
9. The flexible lance defined in claim 8 wherein: the front flange (12) and the rear flange (11) are both made of high-strength steel materials; the multilayer elastic part (13) is n +1 layers of matched spherical annular elastic sheets arranged concentrically, the multilayer reinforcing part (14) is n layers of matched spherical annular rigid sheets arranged concentrically, and n is a natural number; the n +1 layers of spherical annular elastic sheets and the n layers of spherical annular rigid sheets are bonded at intervals; the multilayer elastic piece (13) and the multilayer reinforcing piece (14) form a whole, and are bonded with the rear flange (11) in a hot vulcanization mode to form a hot bonding composite body, and the hot bonding composite body and the front flange (12) are bonded through cold adhesives to form a concentric connecting body.
10. The flexible lance defined in claim 8 wherein: the reinforcing piece (14) is in a differential laminated design and respectively comprises a large opening, a middle section and a small opening, wherein the large opening is formed by alternately laying long cloth belts and short cloth belts, the middle section is reinforced by circumferential cloth belts, and the small opening is formed by stacking the long cloth belts; the reinforcing part (14) is manufactured by adopting a hot-pressing curing process.
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| CN202110353951.7A CN113074062B (en) | 2021-04-01 | 2021-04-01 | Wide-temperature-range flexible joint and flexible spray pipe |
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| CN202110353951.7A CN113074062B (en) | 2021-04-01 | 2021-04-01 | Wide-temperature-range flexible joint and flexible spray pipe |
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| CN113074062A true CN113074062A (en) | 2021-07-06 |
| CN113074062B CN113074062B (en) | 2022-04-29 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115853665A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2023-03-28 | 宁波天擎航天科技有限公司 | Small-size tactics is swing spray tube for guided missile |
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| CN109014900A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2018-12-18 | 湖北三江航天江北机械工程有限公司 | The assembly method of flexible joint nozzle |
| CN111365144A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-07-03 | 上海新力动力设备研究所 | Flexible joint and solid rocket engine jet pipe adopting same |
| CN112324595A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-02-05 | 西安航天动力技术研究所 | Putty removal and heat removal protection structure for front swing core flexible spray pipe |
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| CN109014900A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2018-12-18 | 湖北三江航天江北机械工程有限公司 | The assembly method of flexible joint nozzle |
| CN111365144A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-07-03 | 上海新力动力设备研究所 | Flexible joint and solid rocket engine jet pipe adopting same |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115853665A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2023-03-28 | 宁波天擎航天科技有限公司 | Small-size tactics is swing spray tube for guided missile |
| CN115853665B (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2023-12-22 | 宁波天擎航天科技有限公司 | Swing spray pipe for small tactical missile |
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|---|---|
| CN113074062B (en) | 2022-04-29 |
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