CN113067084A - Carbon fiber composite material battery shell - Google Patents

Carbon fiber composite material battery shell Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113067084A
CN113067084A CN202110276598.7A CN202110276598A CN113067084A CN 113067084 A CN113067084 A CN 113067084A CN 202110276598 A CN202110276598 A CN 202110276598A CN 113067084 A CN113067084 A CN 113067084A
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Prior art keywords
carbon fiber
shell
battery
composite material
layers
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CN202110276598.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
高佳佳
刘新军
向枫
蒋阳强
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Sichuan Changhong Battery Co ltd
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Sichuan Changhong Battery Co ltd
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Priority to CN202110276598.7A priority Critical patent/CN113067084A/en
Publication of CN113067084A publication Critical patent/CN113067084A/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a carbon fiber composite material battery shell, which is a hollow sealed shell formed by oppositely and hermetically connecting two composite material shells, wherein the composite material shell is formed by overlapping at least two layers of carbon fiber layers. The battery shell is composed of an inner composite shell and an outer composite shell, so that the overall structural strength of the battery shell is effectively improved; the composite shell is formed by superposing two or more layers of carbon fiber layers, and epoxy resin structural adhesive is used for connecting the composite shells and sealing the battery shell, so that the battery shell has good impact resistance and fatigue resistance, the impact of external impact force on the battery shell is effectively reduced, and the possibility of loss of the battery shell is reduced; the carbon fiber composite material is light in weight and high in strength, and can remarkably improve the energy density of the battery; the battery shell has high adaptability to the external environment, and the service life of the battery can be prolonged while the safety of the battery is greatly improved.

Description

Carbon fiber composite material battery shell
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery shells, in particular to a carbon fiber composite battery shell.
Background
The main types of current battery cases include plastic, steel, aluminum, and plastic-aluminum film cases. The plastic shell has weaker permeation resistance to water and gas and poorer heat dissipation, so the battery adopting the plastic shell has shorter service life and less application in the industry at present; the steel shell is usually prepared by stainless steel, low-carbon steel plates or strips through a drawing punch forming method, or is formed by laser welding of sectional materials and strips, the steel shell has the defect of poor heat dissipation, the service life of the battery can be influenced, and the steel shell has low specific energy and poor safety; the aluminum shell is usually prepared by an aluminum alloy plate or strip through a drawing and stamping forming process method, or is formed by laser welding of sectional materials and strips, the aluminum shell is light in weight, high in strength and good in heat dissipation, but the cost of the aluminum shell is high; the aluminum plastic film shell is a composite flexible package shell consisting of aluminum foil, various plastics and various adhesives, has small thickness, light weight, high specific energy and customizable shape, but has lower strength and needs to be reinforced and protected during battery PACK.
In summary, although the battery cases adopted in the industry at present have advantages, the battery cases have the disadvantages that the structural strength, heat resistance, corrosion resistance and other physical and chemical properties cannot be simultaneously considered, and the safety of the battery cannot be effectively guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the carbon fiber composite material battery shell has good physical and chemical properties and high safety.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the battery shell is a hollow sealed shell formed by oppositely and hermetically connecting two composite material shells, and the composite material shell is formed by overlapping at least two layers of carbon fiber laying layers.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the composite material shell is formed by at least two layers of carbon fiber layers which are paved and overlapped in a hot pressing mode; the two composite material shells are bonded through structural adhesive in a hot-pressing mode, and the sealing position of the composite material shell is sealed through structural adhesive in a hot-pressing mode.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the structural adhesive is a high-strength epoxy resin structural adhesive.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the carbon fiber laying layer is formed by hot-pressing carbon fiber prepreg.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the inner surface layer and the outer surface layer of the battery shell are composed of 2-4 carbon fiber layers, and the middle layer of the battery shell is composed of 2-10 carbon fiber layers; and paving adjacent carbon fiber layers in a staggered manner.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the inner surface layer and the outer surface layer of the battery shell are composed of 2-4 carbon fiber layers which are alternatively laid at an angle of minus 45 degrees and a plus 45 degrees, and the middle layer of the battery shell is composed of 2-10 carbon fiber layers which are alternatively laid at an angle of 0 degree and a 90 degree.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the carbon fiber prepreg is a unidirectional high-strength carbon fiber prepreg; the thickness of the carbon fiber layer is 0.1-0.5 mm, and the thickness of the composite material shell is 0.8-9 mm.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: the mass per unit area of the carbon fiber prepreg is 130-680 kg/m2The density is 1.76 to 1.80g/cm3
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, through improving the material and structure of the battery shell, compared with a single-layer shell of a traditional battery shell, the battery shell is composed of an inner composite shell and an outer composite shell, so that the overall structural strength of the battery shell is effectively improved, and the bearing capacity of the battery on the internal pressure and the external impact force can be increased; the composite material shell is formed by superposing two or more layers of carbon fiber layers, and epoxy resin structural adhesive is used for connecting the composite material shells and sealing the battery shell, so that the whole battery shell forms the carbon fiber composite material shell, the whole battery shell has good impact resistance and fatigue resistance, and can play a good role in buffering external impact force during battery PACK, effectively reduce the impact of the external impact force on the battery shell, and reduce the possibility of battery shell loss; the carbon fiber composite material adopted by the battery shell is light in weight and high in strength, and the energy density of the battery can be obviously improved; in addition, the carbon fiber composite material battery shell has good high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, the adaptability of the battery shell to the external environment is strong, and the service life of the battery can be prolonged while the safety of the battery is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery structure employing a carbon fiber composite battery case;
FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a carbon fiber mat according to the present invention;
labeled as: 100-composite shell, 200-carbon fiber layer and 300-structural adhesive.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding of the invention, the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the carbon fiber composite battery shell disclosed by the present invention improves the structure of the battery shell, two composite material shells 100 are used to form the battery shell, the two composite material shells 100 are connected oppositely, a space for placing a battery core body and accommodating an electrolyte is provided between the two composite material shells 100, and the two composite material shells 100 are connected by edge sealing and bonding through a high-strength structural adhesive 300 by a hot-pressing process; each composite shell 100 is integrally formed by at least two layers of carbon fiber laying layers 200 through a compression molding mode.
The structural adhesive 300 adopted in the invention is a high-strength epoxy resin structural adhesive, and the carbon fiber laying layer 200 is formed by hot-pressing carbon fiber prepreg. The epoxy resin structural adhesive is a thermosetting resin structural adhesive, has excellent bonding strength, and has stable size and good mechanical property, and the glass transition temperature exceeds 200 ℃; the structural adhesive 300 adopting the high-strength epoxy resin has the performances of water resistance, oil resistance, acid and alkali corrosion resistance, the shear strength is more than or equal to 115Mpa, the peel strength is more than or equal to 40N/cm, the temperature resistance range is minus 60-180 ℃, the structural adhesive 300 adopting the high-strength epoxy resin is coated on the inner side of the composite material shell 100, the two composite material shells 100 are bonded in a hot-press forming mode, and the connecting strength of the composite material shells 100 and the sealing performance of the connecting part can be effectively improved.
The carbon fiber prepreg adopted in the invention is a unidirectional high-strength carbon fiber prepreg which has the maximum strength in the fiber axial direction; the carbon fiber is a high-performance fiber material with the density of 1.76g/cm3~1.80g/cm3The compressive strength of the carbon fiber can reach 3400Mpa, the elastic modulus is 2300 Mpa-3400 Mpa, and the battery shell made of the carbon fiber prepreg is lighter than an aluminum alloy shell, but has very high compressive strength and elastic modulus; the mass per unit area of the carbon fiber prepreg of the present invention was 130kg/m2~680kg/m2. According to the invention, the carbon fiber laminate 200 obtained by compression molding of the carbon fiber prepreg and the high-strength epoxy resin structural adhesive are sealed to form the carbon fiber composite material battery shell, and the multilayer composite structure of the carbon fiber composite material battery shell has good impact resistance and fatigue resistance, so that the overall strength of the battery shell can be effectively improved, and the bearing capacity of the battery shell on internal pressure and external impact force is increased; and the carbon fiber composite material battery shell has good high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, the battery energy density of the battery shell is obviously improved, and the safety performance of the battery is greatly improved.
In the invention, the carbon fiber laying layer 200 is laid in a staggered manner to realize the laying of the composite material shell 100. As shown in fig. 2, the carbon fiber prepreg adopted in the present invention is a unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg, which has the maximum strength in the fiber axial direction, so that the fibers on two carbon fiber layers 200 stacked on each other are axially staggered with each other, thereby the adjacent carbon fiber layers 200 are staggered and laid, and the characteristics of high strength and high rigidity in the fiber axial direction are utilized, so that the buckling deformation of the material plate after curing caused by the pulling-bending and bending-twisting coupling effects can be avoided while the compression resistance and impact resistance of the inner and outer sides of the material are increased. The laying scheme of the carbon fiber laying layer 200 can be set as required, and a small number of laying layers are adopted under the condition of meeting the stress of the battery shell structure, so that the light and high-strength advantages of the carbon fiber composite material are exerted to the greatest extent.
The inner surface layer and the outer surface layer of the battery shell are composed of 2-4 carbon fiber layers 200 which are alternatively laid at an angle of-45 degrees and +45 degrees, the middle layer of the battery shell is composed of 2-10 carbon fiber layers 200 which are alternatively laid at an angle of 0 degree and 90 degrees, and the angle is the axial extension angle of fibers. The single-layer thickness of the carbon fiber laying layer 200 is 0.1-0.5 mm, the thickness of the composite material shells 100 is 0.8-9 mm, enough space is reserved between the two composite material shells 100 according to the thickness of the battery cell body, and the battery cell body is installed in the reserved space after the composite material shells 100 are connected and electrolyte is injected.
Example 1
The carbon fiber composite material battery shell is composed of two composite material shells 100, pits of the two composite material shells 100 are opposite in connection, the high-strength epoxy resin structure adhesive is adopted to be dissolved through hot pressing to connect the two composite material shells 100, a space for placing the battery core body and containing electrolyte is reserved between the two composite material shells 100, and the epoxy resin structure adhesive is adopted to seal the sealing positions of the two composite material shells 100. The two composite material shells 100 are both composed of ten layers of carbon fiber paving layers 200, the carbon fiber paving layers 200 are paved in a staggered mode, and the material and paving modes of the two composite material shells 100 are consistent. By taking the whole carbon fiber composite material battery shell as a reference, the carbon fiber paving scheme 200 of the composite material shell 100 from outside to inside is as follows: the fiber extending direction of the first carbon fiber layer 200 is-45 degrees, the fiber extending direction of the second carbon fiber layer 200 is 45 degrees, the fiber extending direction of the third carbon fiber layer 200 is 90 degrees, the fiber extending direction of the fourth carbon fiber layer 200 is 0 degree, the fiber extending direction of the fifth carbon fiber layer 200 is 90 degrees, the fiber extending direction of the sixth carbon fiber layer 200 is 0 degree, the fiber extending direction of the seventh carbon fiber layer 200 is 45 degrees, and the fiber extending direction of the eighth carbon fiber layer 200 is-45 degrees; the carbon fiber prepreg is laid by laying layer design and then placed into a preset mold to be subjected to high-temperature high-pressure compression molding, the hot pressing temperature is 300 ℃, the corner treatment is carried out on the carbon fiber prepreg after demolding, an electric core body is placed in a prepared carbon fiber composite material shell, then high-strength epoxy resin structural adhesive is adopted at the left side edge, the right side edge and the bottom edge of the battery to carry out hot-pressing bonding, an electrolyte injection hole is reserved at the top edge, the electrolyte is injected into the electrolyte through the electrolyte injection hole to finally seal the battery lug and the top edge, and finally the battery is formed.
Example 2
The carbon fiber composite material battery shell is composed of two composite material shells 100, pits of the two composite material shells 100 are opposite in connection, the high-strength epoxy resin structure adhesive is adopted to be dissolved through hot pressing to connect the two composite material shells 100, a space for placing the battery core body and containing electrolyte is reserved between the two composite material shells 100, and the epoxy resin structure adhesive is adopted to seal the sealing positions of the two composite material shells 100. The two composite material shells 100 are composed of eight carbon fiber layers 200, the carbon fiber layers 200 are paved in a staggered mode, and the material and the paving mode of the two composite material shells 100 are consistent. By taking the whole carbon fiber composite material battery shell as a reference, the carbon fiber paving scheme 200 of the composite material shell 100 from outside to inside is as follows: the fiber extending direction of the first carbon fiber layer 200 is 45 degrees, the fiber extending direction of the second carbon fiber layer 200 is-45 degrees, the fiber extending direction of the third carbon fiber layer 200 is 0 degree, the fiber extending direction of the fourth carbon fiber layer 200 is 90 degrees, the fiber extending direction of the fifth carbon fiber layer 200 is 0 degree, and the fiber extending direction of the sixth carbon fiber layer 200 is 90 degrees; the fiber extending direction of the seventh layer of carbon fiber laying layer 200 is minus 45 degrees, and the fiber extending direction of the eighth layer of carbon fiber laying layer 200 is 45 degrees; the carbon fiber prepreg is laid by laying layer design and then placed into a preset mold to be subjected to high-temperature high-pressure compression molding, the hot pressing temperature is 300 ℃, the corner treatment is carried out on the carbon fiber prepreg after demolding, an electric core body is placed in a prepared carbon fiber composite material shell, then high-strength epoxy resin structural adhesive is adopted at the left side edge, the right side edge and the bottom edge of the battery to carry out hot-pressing bonding, an electrolyte injection hole is reserved at the top edge, the electrolyte is injected into the electrolyte through the electrolyte injection hole to finally seal the battery lug and the top edge, and finally the battery is formed.
Example 3
The carbon fiber composite material battery shell is composed of two composite material shells 100, pits of the two composite material shells 100 are opposite in connection, the high-strength epoxy resin structure adhesive is adopted to be dissolved through hot pressing to connect the two composite material shells 100, a space for placing the battery core body and containing electrolyte is reserved between the two composite material shells 100, and the epoxy resin structure adhesive is adopted to seal the sealing positions of the two composite material shells 100. The two composite material shells 100 are composed of eight carbon fiber layers 200, the carbon fiber layers 200 are paved in a staggered mode, and the material and the paving mode of the two composite material shells 100 are consistent. By taking the whole carbon fiber composite material battery shell as a reference, the carbon fiber paving scheme 200 of the composite material shell 100 from outside to inside is as follows: the fiber extending direction of the first carbon fiber layer 200 is-45 degrees, the fiber extending direction of the second carbon fiber layer 200 is 45 degrees, the fiber extending direction of the third carbon fiber layer 200 is 0 degrees, the fiber extending direction of the fourth carbon fiber layer 200 is 90 degrees, the fiber extending direction of the fifth carbon fiber layer 200 is 0 degrees, the fiber extending direction of the sixth carbon fiber layer 200 is 90 degrees, the fiber extending direction of the seventh carbon fiber layer 200 is 0 degrees, the fiber extending direction of the eighth carbon fiber layer 200 is 0 degrees, the fiber extending direction of the ninth carbon fiber layer 200 is 45 degrees, and the fiber extending direction of the tenth carbon fiber layer 200 is-45 degrees; the carbon fiber prepreg is laid by laying layer design and then placed into a preset mold to be subjected to high-temperature high-pressure compression molding, the hot pressing temperature is 300 ℃, the corner treatment is carried out on the carbon fiber prepreg after demolding, an electric core body is placed in a prepared carbon fiber composite material shell, then high-strength epoxy resin structural adhesive is adopted at the left side edge, the right side edge and the bottom edge of the battery to carry out hot-pressing bonding, an electrolyte injection hole is reserved at the top edge, the electrolyte is injected into the electrolyte through the electrolyte injection hole to finally seal the battery lug and the top edge, and finally the battery is formed.
The carbon fiber composite material battery shell disclosed by the invention can be subjected to layer laying angle and layer laying quantity design according to external load and self strength requirements, and the shape of the carbon fiber composite material battery shell is subjected to integrated structure design according to the design of the size of the battery core body; the carbon fiber composite material battery shell disclosed by the invention can enhance the bearing capacity to the internal gas pressure and the external load impact; the carbon fiber has the characteristics of light weight and high strength, so that the energy density of the single battery and the battery pack can be improved; the high temperature resistance and the corrosion resistance of the carbon fiber material greatly improve the safety of the battery.
Compared with an aluminum shell, a steel shell or an aluminum-plastic film adopted by a battery shell in the prior art, the carbon fiber composite battery shell has important innovative significance in the aspects of structural strength, specific energy improvement, safety and the like, so that the development of the technical field of a new-generation battery shell is led.

Claims (8)

1. Carbon-fibre composite battery case, its characterized in that: the battery shell is a hollow sealed shell formed by oppositely and hermetically connecting two composite material shells (100), and the composite material shells (100) are formed by overlapping at least two layers of carbon fiber laying layers (200).
2. The carbon fiber composite battery case according to claim 1, wherein: the composite material shell (100) is formed by at least two layers of carbon fiber layers (200) which are paved and overlapped through hot pressing; the two composite material shells (100) are bonded through structural adhesive (300) in a hot-pressing mode, and the sealing position of the composite material shell (100) is sealed through the structural adhesive (300) in the hot-pressing mode.
3. The carbon fiber composite battery case according to claim 2, wherein: the structural adhesive (300) is a high-strength epoxy resin structural adhesive.
4. The carbon fiber composite battery case according to claim 2, wherein: the carbon fiber laying layer (200) is formed by hot-pressing carbon fiber prepreg.
5. The carbon fiber composite battery case according to claim 1, wherein: the inner surface layer and the outer surface layer of the battery shell are composed of 2-4 carbon fiber layers (200), and the middle layer of the battery shell is composed of 2-10 carbon fiber layers (200); the adjacent carbon fiber layers (200) are paved in a staggered mode.
6. The carbon fiber composite battery case according to claim 5, wherein: the inner surface layer and the outer surface layer of the battery shell are composed of 2-4 carbon fiber layers (200) which are alternatively laid at an angle of minus 45 degrees and a angle of plus 45 degrees, and the middle layer of the battery shell is composed of 2-10 carbon fiber layers (200) which are alternatively laid at an angle of 0 degree and a angle of 90 degrees.
7. The carbon fiber composite battery case according to claim 4, wherein: the carbon fiber prepreg is a unidirectional high-strength carbon fiber prepreg; the thickness of the carbon fiber laying layer (200) is 0.1-0.5 mm, and the thickness of the composite material shell (100) is 0.8-9 mm.
8. The carbon fiber composite battery case according to claim 7, wherein: the mass per unit area of the carbon fiber prepreg is 130-680 kg/m2The density is 1.76 to 1.80g/cm3
CN202110276598.7A 2021-03-15 2021-03-15 Carbon fiber composite material battery shell Pending CN113067084A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114024075A (en) * 2021-11-08 2022-02-08 上汽大众汽车有限公司 Novel carbon fiber power battery upper shell and power battery thereof
CN115548533A (en) * 2022-12-05 2022-12-30 北京维盛复合材料有限公司 Battery box

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114024075A (en) * 2021-11-08 2022-02-08 上汽大众汽车有限公司 Novel carbon fiber power battery upper shell and power battery thereof
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CN115548533A (en) * 2022-12-05 2022-12-30 北京维盛复合材料有限公司 Battery box
CN115548533B (en) * 2022-12-05 2023-03-24 北京维盛复合材料有限公司 Battery box

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Application publication date: 20210702