CN113072980B - Downward full waste boiler entrained flow bed gasification equipment of superheated steam and coal chemical system - Google Patents
Downward full waste boiler entrained flow bed gasification equipment of superheated steam and coal chemical system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113072980B CN113072980B CN202110468000.4A CN202110468000A CN113072980B CN 113072980 B CN113072980 B CN 113072980B CN 202110468000 A CN202110468000 A CN 202110468000A CN 113072980 B CN113072980 B CN 113072980B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/485—Entrained flow gasifiers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/52—Ash-removing devices
- C10J3/526—Ash-removing devices for entrained flow gasifiers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a downward full waste boiler entrained flow bed gasification device of superheated steam and a coal chemical system, and relates to the field of coal chemical industry. This superheated steam's full waste boiler entrained flow bed gasification equipment down is connected radiation waste boiler and convection current waste boiler through setting up the ash sediment and fall back the waste boiler, realizes that the synthetic gas turns back upwards, falls to the chilling indoor by gravity flow with the ash sediment that the synthetic gas was smugglied secretly, is favorable to reducing the overall device height, realizes the synthetic gas sensible heat and retrieves. The whole height of the frame is relatively low, and the device has the remarkable advantages of safe and reliable process operation, high online operation rate, convenient operation and maintenance, low operation economic cost, low comprehensive energy consumption and the like, and greatly improves the economic value. The problems of transportation overrun and inconvenient operation and maintenance of a large gasification furnace with a full waste boiler are solved, the recovery rate of sensible heat in the recovered synthesis gas is high, and the quality of steam generated by the recovered heat is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of coal chemical industry, in particular to downward full waste boiler entrained flow bed gasification equipment of superheated steam and a coal chemical industry system.
Background
At present, the entrained-flow bed gasification furnaces with high-pressure steam as a byproduct mainly comprise the following parts:
(1) the upward full waste boiler entrained-flow bed gasification furnace technology with the byproduct of high-pressure superheated steam has the advantages that the synthesis gas generated by the gasification furnace is upward, and the molten slag is downward. The slag enters the chilling chamber through a slag hole (throat) downwards, falls into a water bath for chilling and cooling, and is discharged, the synthetic gas is discharged from the outlet of the gasification furnace, a large amount of chilling gas (the gas generated by the gasification furnace after dust removal, temperature reduction and pressurization) is used, the temperature of the synthetic gas and the molten ash carried by the synthetic gas is reduced, the synthetic gas is prevented from carrying the molten ash upwards, and the synthetic gas enters a convection waste boiler to be bonded on a water-cooled wall, so that the heat exchange is influenced, and the synthetic gas channel is blocked. There are major problems: the chilling gas amount of the synthesis gas is about 1/3 of the gas yield of the gasification furnace, the gasification furnace and an auxiliary system are designed under the normal design, the gas yield must be increased by 30 percent, and the production capacity of unit volume is low; meanwhile, the generated synthesis gas is cooled and pressurized and then returns to the convection waste boiler, so that the energy consumption is high; secondly, the slag flows downwards only by gravity, the flow rate is low, the requirement on the size of a slag hole (slag discharging section) is strict, the large back mixing effect of the slag hole is poor, the carbon conversion rate is influenced, the slag hole is small, and the slag hole is easy to block, so that the requirement on the adaptability of coal is strict under a certain size of the slag hole and a certain load, the operation window of the coal is required to be more than 120 ℃, and the smooth slag discharging at the slag hole is ensured.
(2) A downward full waste boiler entrained-flow bed gasification furnace technology for producing high-pressure superheated steam as a byproduct is characterized in that synthesis gas and molten slag enter a first channel of a radiation waste boiler through a slag hole (a slag discharging section), the temperature of the synthesis gas is controlled to be about 750 ℃ after heat exchange and temperature reduction, the molten slag falls into a water bath to be chilled and cooled and then discharged, the synthesis gas returns back to enter a second channel of the radiation waste boiler, and the synthesis gas enters a convection waste boiler for further heat exchange after heat exchange. There are major problems: the diameter of the second channel of the radiation waste boiler is about 1.4 times of that of the first channel of the radiation waste boiler, and the transportation of the gasification furnace (containing the radiation waste boiler) is easy to exceed the limit, so that the restriction on the large gasification furnace with the radiation waste boiler is strong; if the ultrahigh pressure radiation waste boiler gasification furnace is adopted, the synthesis gas can be compressed, but the fused ash can not be compressed, the slag bonding and coking risk resistance of the radiation waste boiler is greatly increased, the requirements on the load of the gasification furnace and the coal are particularly strict, and the fluctuation range of coal quality parameters is extremely small. Secondly, the space of the second channel of the radiation waste boiler is limited, so that the radiation waste boiler is inconvenient to overhaul and maintain. In addition, ash and slag are easy to adhere to the horizontal wall of the water-cooled wall at the outlet of the slag hole section and the hanging water-cooled wall, so that the heat exchange efficiency is influenced, and a high-temperature synthesis gas and a slag channel are blocked when the heat exchange efficiency is serious.
(3) A down-going semi-waste boiler entrained-flow bed gasification furnace technology for by-producing high-saturation hot steam is characterized in that synthesis gas and slag enter a radiation waste boiler channel through a slag hole (a lower slag section), the temperature of the synthesis gas is controlled to be about 900 ℃ after heat exchange and temperature reduction, the synthesis gas and the slag enter a chilling chamber water bath together after being sprayed and cooled by chilling water, the slag is left in the water bath for further temperature reduction and then discharged, the synthesis gas enters a downstream washing system after being turned back by the water bath, or the slag falls into the water bath for chilling and cooling after the synthesis gas and the slag are sprayed and cooled by the chilling water, and then is discharged, and the synthesis gas enters a subsequent washing system. There are major problems: the sensible heat recovery rate of the high-temperature synthesis gas is low, and the generated high-pressure saturated steam needs to be further superheated; meanwhile, the consumption of the chilling water is high, the energy consumption is high, the amount of the black water discharged from the chilling chamber to the flash evaporation is large, the flash evaporation system is relatively large, the construction cost of the flash evaporation device is high, and the operation energy consumption is high. Secondly, the horizontal wall of the water-cooled wall at the outlet of the slag hole section and the hanging water-cooled wall are easy to be adhered with ash slag, thereby affecting the heat exchange efficiency and blocking the high-temperature synthesis gas and slag channel when serious.
In view of this, the present application is specifically made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a gasification device of a downward full waste boiler entrained flow bed of superheated steam and a coal chemical industry system, wherein the overall height of a frame is relatively low, the gasification device has the remarkable advantages of safe and reliable process operation, high online operation rate, convenient operation and maintenance, low operation economic cost, low comprehensive energy consumption and the like, and the economic value is greatly improved.
Embodiments of the invention may be implemented as follows:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a downward full waste boiler entrained-flow bed gasification device for superheated steam, which comprises a gasification furnace, a slag discharge pipe, a radiation waste boiler, a chilling chamber, an ash falling waste boiler and a convection waste boiler; the bottom of gasifier with lower sediment union coupling, lower sediment pipe with radiation waste pan is connected, the chilling chamber set up in radiation waste pan's bottom, ash and slag fall back waste pan has first slope section, middle part vertical section and the second slope section that communicates in proper order, the one end that middle part vertical section was kept away from to first slope section with radiation waste pan's lower part intercommunication, the one end that middle part vertical section was kept away from to the second slope section with convection current waste pan's upper portion intercommunication.
In an alternative embodiment, the ash fall-back waste is provided with a first barrel-type water wall.
Preferably, the ash falling waste boiler is provided with a first ash blowing port.
In an alternative embodiment, the first inclined section is located below the second inclined section, and the angles of inclination of the first inclined section and the second inclined section with respect to the horizontal are both 20 ° to 50 °.
In an optional embodiment, the slag tapping pipe comprises a first slag tapping section and a second slag tapping section which are sequentially communicated, wherein one end, away from the second slag tapping section, of the first slag tapping section is communicated with the bottom of the gasification furnace, one end, away from the first slag tapping section, of the second slag tapping section is communicated with the radiation waste boiler, and the diameter of the second slag tapping section is larger than that of the first slag tapping section;
preferably, the diameter of the first lower slag section is 500-900 mm;
preferably, the diameter of the second slag falling section is 650-1200 mm; the length of the second slag discharging section is 2-6 times of the diameter of the second slag discharging section;
the first slag discharging section and the second slag discharging section are connected in a stepped horizontal mode.
In an optional embodiment, one end of the second slag discharging section, which is far away from the first slag discharging section, is provided with a slag hole nozzle for prolonging the distance between the ash slag back-mixing area and the top wall of the radiation waste boiler.
In an alternative embodiment, a chilling gas system and a temperature monitor for starting the chilling gas system are arranged at the joint of the radiation waste boiler and the ash falling waste boiler;
preferably, the temperature monitor has a plurality of groups, and each group is distributed in an up-and-down layered manner along the connection position of the radiation waste boiler and the ash falling waste boiler;
preferably, the temperature monitors are in 2-4 groups;
preferably, a first chilling port is arranged at the temperature monitor.
In an alternative embodiment, the radiant waste pan comprises a radiant cylinder and a radiant cone, the radiant cone is connected to the bottom of the radiant cylinder, the chilling chamber is arranged in the radiant cone, and the ash falling waste pan is arranged at the bottom of the radiant cylinder and is positioned higher than the chilling chamber.
In an alternative embodiment, a second cylinder type water-cooled wall is arranged in the radiation cylinder and the radiation cone, a fin water-cooled wall is hung in the radiation cylinder, and the fin water-cooled wall is positioned in the second cylinder type water-cooled wall;
preferably, a second ash blowing port is arranged on the second cylinder type water-cooled wall.
In an alternative embodiment, the convection waste boiler is provided with a third cylindrical water wall and a serpentine tube bank;
the convection waste boiler comprises a first convection section and a second convection section which are communicated with each other; the first convection section is located above the second inclined section;
preferably, a third ash blowing port is arranged on the cylindrical water-cooled wall and the serpentine tube group of the convection waste boiler.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a coal chemical system comprising a fully spent steam downflow entrained flow gasification plant for superheated steam as described in any one of the preceding embodiments.
The beneficial effects of the embodiment of the invention include, for example:
the utility model provides a full waste pot entrained-flow bed gasification equipment down of superheated steam through setting up the ash sediment and fall back the waste pot and will radiate the waste pot and connect with the convection current waste pot, has solved the transportation of taking the large-scale gasifier of full waste pot (coal amount is thrown every day > 2000t full waste pot gasifier) transfinites and the inconvenient difficult problem of operation maintenance, and retrieves the rate of recovery of sensible heat in the synthetic gas height, and the steam quality of retrieving heat production is high (high-pressure superheated steam). Particularly, the cinder falls useless pot back in this application and realizes that the synthetic gas turns back upwards, as the synthetic gas circulation passageway, requires this passageway resistance as little as possible, does not have the burden to press from both sides the deposition cinder part, and one of its effect is that the cinder that smugglies with the synthetic gas falls to in the chilling chamber by the gravity flow, and the second of the effect reduces whole device height, and secondly, realizes the synthetic gas sensible heat and retrieves. The whole height of the frame is relatively low, and the device has the remarkable advantages of safe and reliable process operation, high online operation rate, convenient operation and maintenance, low operation economic cost, low comprehensive energy consumption and the like, and greatly improves the economic value.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a downward full spent pot entrained flow gasification plant for superheated steam according to an embodiment of the present application.
Icon: 100-downward full waste boiler entrained flow bed gasification equipment of superheated steam; 110-a gasification furnace; 120-slag discharge pipe; 121-a first lower slag section; 122-a second slagging section; 123-slag hole mouth; 130-radiation waste pot; 131-a radiation cylinder; 132-a cone of radiation; 133-a second cartridge wall; 134-fin water walls; 140-a quench chamber; 150-ash falls back to the waste boiler; 151-first inclined section; 152-a middle vertical section; 153-a second inclined section; 154-first cartridge wall; 155-quench gas system; 156-temperature monitor; 160-convection waste boiler; 161-a third tubular water wall; 162-a serpentine tube set; 163-first convection section; 164-second convection section.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate an orientation or a positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings or that the product of the present invention is used as it is, this is only for convenience of description and simplification of the description, and it does not indicate or imply that the device or the element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the appearances of the terms "first," "second," and the like, if any, are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
It should be noted that the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a downward full-waste-boiler entrained-flow gasification facility 100 for superheated steam, which includes a gasification furnace 110, a slag discharge pipe 120, a radiant waste boiler 130, a quench chamber 140, an ash fall-back waste boiler 150, and a convection waste boiler 160.
Wherein, the bottom of the gasification furnace 110 is connected with the slag discharging pipe 120, the slag discharging pipe 120 is connected with the radiation waste pan 130, the chilling chamber 140 is arranged at the bottom of the radiation waste pan 130, and the ash falling back waste pan 150 is simultaneously communicated with the bottom of the radiation waste pan 130 and the top of the convection waste pan 160.
Specifically, the gasification furnace 110 is a water-cooled wall gasification furnace 110, and the slag discharging temperature is relatively high, so that the viscosity of molten ash at the slag hole is favorably reduced, the ash is ensured to flow smoothly in the longer slag discharging pipe 120, that is, the slag hole is ensured not to be blocked easily; the gasification furnace 110 and the slag discharging pipe 120 are easily adapted to a matched top-mounted single burner structure or a top-mounted or side-mounted multi-burner structure, and the stability of feeding of the large gasification furnace 110 and the ultra-large gasification furnace 110 is ensured.
In this application, synthetic gas and lime-ash in the gasifier 110 get into the useless pot 130 of radiation through lower sediment pipe 120, because lower sediment pipe 120 is the slope with the bottom of gasifier 110 and is connected, synthetic gas and lime-ash easily produce radial force in lower sediment pipe 120, in this application, through dividing lower sediment pipe 120 into two sections designs, including first lower sediment section 121 and the second lower sediment section 122 that communicate in proper order, the one end that the second lower sediment section 122 was kept away from to first lower sediment section 121 communicates with the bottom of gasifier 110, the one end and the useless pot 130 intercommunication of radiation that first lower sediment section 121 was kept away from to second lower sediment section 122, the diameter of second lower sediment section 122 is greater than the diameter of first lower sediment section 121. Wherein, the diameter of the first lower slag section 121 is designed to mainly ensure the reaction medium to be fully back-mixed in the gasification furnace 110, and the diameter of the first lower slag section 121 is preferably designed to be 500-900 mm. The diameter of the second slag discharging section 122 is designed to ensure the diffusion angle of the ash into the radiation waste boiler 130, the diffusion angle is mainly large enough to ensure that the molten ash is not adhered to the hanging fin water-cooled wall 134 and the horizontal wall water-cooled wall, and the synthesis gas is diffused to the upper water-cooled wall of the radiation waste boiler 130 as much as possible for heat exchange, and the diameter of the second slag discharging section 122 is preferably designed to be 650-1200 mm. The second slag discharging section 122 is lengthened, so that the radial force of the molten slag at the tail end of the slag discharging pipe 120 can be effectively eliminated, the molten slag is prevented from entering the radiation waste boiler 130 and rotating to a water-cooled wall, and meanwhile, in order to prevent the second slag discharging section from being infinitely lengthened, the risk of slag blockage of the slag discharging section is increased, the length of the second slag discharging section 122 is designed to be 2-6 times of the diameter of the second slag discharging section 122, so that slag blockage can be effectively prevented; furthermore, the first lower slag section 121 and the second lower slag section 122 are connected in a stepped horizontal manner instead of in a conical section, so that the condition that the hammer section is connected to generate an inclination angle along the transition section and the molten ash is guided to be sprayed onto the water-cooled wall can be effectively avoided; in addition, in order to prevent the slag hole of the molten ash from entering the radiation waste pan 130, a low-pressure area is generated at the horizontal wall near the slag hole, the molten ash is adhered to the horizontal wall, and the creeping expansion is performed, the slag hole mouth 123 for extending the distance between the ash back-mixing area and the top wall of the radiation waste pan 130 is arranged at one end of the second lower slag section 122 far away from the first lower slag section 121; the design of the slag hole mouth 123 can effectively reduce the risk that ash slag is back-mixed and adhered to the water wall of the horizontal wall. Specifically, the structural shape of the slag notch 123 in this application is like an olecranon, with the risk of protecting molten ash from being stuck to the horizontal wall of the waterwall at the outlet of the second lower slag stage, and preventing the risk of molten ash from being sprayed onto the hanging fin waterwalls and headers.
This application designs through the structure to lower sediment pipe 120, can prevent effectively that melting lime-ash from getting into radiation waste pan 130 through lower sediment section and producing injection angle and back mixing district, with melting lime-ash injection, bond on hanging fin water-cooling wall 134 and the horizontal wall water-cooling wall, influence heat exchange efficiency, block up radiation waste pan 130.
The radiation waste pan 130 includes a radiation cylinder 131 and a radiation cone 132, and the radiation cone 132 is connected to the bottom of the radiation cylinder 131. A second cylindrical water-cooled wall 133 and a fin water-cooled wall 134 are arranged in the radiation cylinder 131 and the radiation cone 132, the fin water-cooled wall 134 is hung in the radiation cylinder 131, and the fin water-cooled wall 134 is positioned in the second cylindrical water-cooled wall 133; wherein the second cylindrical water-cooled wall 133 is set as a vertical pipe or a coil pipe, the chilling chamber 140 is set in the radiation cone 132, the liquid level of the chilling chamber 140 is normally controlled to be higher than the conical section of the second cylindrical water-cooled wall 133 of the radiation waste boiler 130, so as to ensure that the material of the cylindrical body of the chilling chamber 140 is not over-heated due to high-temperature synthesis gas and high-temperature molten ash, and meanwhile, in order to ensure that the molten slag directly falls into the water bath of the chilling chamber 140 and does not fall onto the conical section of the second cylindrical water-cooled wall 133 of the radiation waste boiler 130 to damage the water-cooled wall or block slag channels by bonding, the through diameter of the conical section of the second cylindrical water-cooled wall 133 of the radiation waste boiler 130 must be larger than the size of the channel formed by the inward vertical pipes of the water-cooled walls 134 of each group of hanging fins 130. The setting of fin water-cooling wall 134 can effectively increase heat transfer area in this application, increase heat transfer effect, mainly can increase convection heat transfer, in addition, the setting of fin water-cooling wall 134 can ensure that melting lime-ash goes out radiation waste pan 130 and advances ash and fall back waste pan 150 department temperature and be less than 750 ℃, fall into chilling chamber 140 water bath after the melting slag solidification, prevent effectively that the melting lime-ash is not solidified, get into ash and fall back waste pan 150 along with the synthetic gas, bond to the water-cooling wall, influence heat transfer effect, the condition that blocks up synthetic gas circulation passageway when serious takes place. The second cylindrical water-cooled wall 133 is provided with a second ash blowing port for periodically blowing ash on the water-cooled wall surface to ensure the heat exchange effect of the water-cooled wall pipe.
It should be noted that, in order to prevent the suspended fin water-cooled walls 134 from affecting the molten ash flow channel, the ash drift diameter of the radiation waste boiler 130 is set according to the size of the channel formed by the inward vertical pipes of the fin water-cooled walls 134 suspended by each group, and under the condition of ensuring the minimum distance between the fin water-cooled walls 134 suspended by each group (the distance is too small, ash is easy to be clamped), the number of the suspended fin water-cooled walls 134 is increased as much as possible, the heat exchange capability of the radiation waste boiler 130 is ensured, the height of the radiation waste boiler 130 is reduced, and therefore the investment cost of the device is reduced.
The ash fall back scrap pan 150 is disposed at the bottom of the radiant drum 131 and is located above the quench chamber 140. In order to avoid the situation that the temperature of the part of the gasification furnace 110, which enters the ash falling waste pan 150, of the radiation waste pan 130 is higher than 750 ℃ due to working condition fluctuation (coal quality fluctuation, operation fluctuation, load fluctuation and the like), molten ash enters the ash falling waste pan 150 along with synthesis gas, the molten ash enters the ash falling waste pan 150 along with the synthesis gas, the molten ash is bonded to a water-cooling wall, the heat exchange effect is influenced, and a synthesis gas circulation channel is blocked in serious cases. The connection part of the radiation waste boiler 130 and the ash falling waste boiler 150 is provided with a chilling gas system 155 and a temperature monitor 156 for starting the chilling gas system 155; the temperature monitor 156 has a plurality of groups, and each group is distributed in an upper-lower layer along the connection part of the radiation waste pan 130 and the ash falling waste pan 150; specifically, the temperature monitors 156 are 2-4 groups, when the monitored temperature is higher than 750 ℃, the shock cooling gas system 155 is started, and shock cooling gas is sprayed at the position where the radiation waste pan 130 enters the ash falling waste pan 150 to cool the synthesis gas and the molten ash, so that the temperature is controlled within 750 ℃. Therefore, the chilling gas system 155 is not used under normal conditions, and is automatically opened only when the working condition is abnormal, in order to prevent the chilling gas system 155 from being unused for a long time and the chilling gas port from being blocked, the temperature monitor 156 in the application is provided with a first chilling gas port, and specifically comprises an atmospheric blowing pipeline with a control valve and a small-flow normal blowing gas, and the small-flow normal blowing gas is normally used.
The chilling gas and the gas source for blowing soot (ash) on the cooling wall are both provided by an ash removal compressor, the outlet of the ash removal compressor is provided with a buffer tank, the load is automatically adjusted according to the pressure of the buffer tank, the chilling gas system 155 is not started under the normal working condition, the ash removal compressor runs under the low-load working condition, the running energy consumption is low, and when the chilling gas system 155 is started under the abnormal working condition, the pressure of the buffer tank is low, and the ash removal compressor is automatically loaded. Because in the ash removal process, the ash removal is easier when the ash removal gas discharged from the ash removal port has a certain temperature, in order to ensure the requirements of different temperatures of the water-cooled wall ash removal gas and the chilling gas, a heater is arranged on the water-cooled wall ash removal gas branch to ensure the temperature of the water-cooled wall ash removal gas.
The ash fall back waste pan 150 is used to ensure that the syngas is carried into the ash fall back waste pan 150 and falls back into the quench chamber 140 again by gravity. Specifically, in the present application, the ash falling waste pan 150 has a first inclined section 151, a middle vertical section 152 and a second inclined section 153 which are sequentially communicated, wherein one end of the first inclined section 151, which is far away from the middle vertical section 152, is communicated with the lower part of the radiation waste pan 130, and one end of the second inclined section 153, which is far away from the middle vertical section 152, is communicated with the upper part of the convection waste pan 160. The ash falling waste boiler 150 is provided with a first barrel type water-cooled wall 154, the first inclined section 151 and the second inclined section 153 incline upwards, the first inclined section 151 is positioned below the second inclined section 153, the inclined angles of the first inclined section 151 and the second inclined section 153 relative to the horizontal plane are both 20-50 degrees, and the joints of the first inclined section 151, the middle vertical section 152 and the second inclined section 153 are in smooth transition as far as possible, so that the ash entrained by the synthesis gas is ensured to smoothly fall back into the chilling chamber 140, and meanwhile, the abrasion to the first barrel type water-cooled wall 154 of the ash falling waste boiler 150 is reduced. The first tube-shaped water-cooled wall 154 is provided with a first ash blowing port for regularly blowing ash on the water-cooled wall surface to ensure the heat exchange effect of the water-cooled wall tube. Since the ash falling waste boiler 150 is only provided with the first cylindrical water-cooling wall 154 and is not provided with the inner core heat exchange tube in the application, the heat exchange efficiency is relatively low, and the sensible heat of the synthesis gas is recovered for producing high-pressure saturated steam.
The convection waste boiler 160 is provided with a third cylindrical water-cooled wall 161 and a serpentine tube bank 162; the whole perpendicular setting that is of convection current waste heat pot 160 in this application, the synthetic gas is the entrainment sediment hardly, because of perpendicular setting, the ash that the synthetic gas was smugglied secretly gets into low reaches dust removal process along with the synthetic gas, and the inner core serpentine tube bank 162 water-cooling wall goes up the load and presss from both sides the deposition risk little, and this section heat exchange efficiency is relatively high. In the present application, the convection waste heat boiler 160 is divided into two sections, namely a first convection section 163 and a second convection section 164; the first convection section 163 is located above the second inclined section 153; wherein the temperature of the syngas in the first convection section 163 is relatively high, sensible heat of the syngas is recovered to superheat the high pressure saturated steam, and the temperature of the syngas in the second convection section 164 is relatively low, sensible heat of the syngas is recovered to produce the high pressure saturated steam. And a third ash blowing port (ash cleaning port) is arranged on the tubular water-cooled wall of the convection waste boiler 160 and the water-cooled wall of the inner core serpentine tube group 162, and ash on the water-cooled wall surface is periodically blown to ensure the heat exchange effect of the water-cooled wall tubes and simultaneously ensure that the water-cooled wall of the inner core serpentine tube group 162 does not clamp accumulated ash.
The radiation cone 132 of the radiation waste boiler 130, the cone section of the second cylindrical water-cooled wall 133 and the slag storage chamber of the chilling chamber 140 jointly form the chilling chamber 140, a certain liquid level is controlled in the chilling chamber 140 during normal operation, after molten ash falls in, the molten ash is chilled at high speed, coarse slag is discharged, synthesis gas does not pass through the water bath of the chilling chamber 140, a chilling ring or a chilling spray nozzle is not needed to be arranged in the chilling chamber 140, only a water supplementing pipeline is needed to be arranged, the water supplementing quantity is small, the water supplementing mainly controls the slag discharging temperature, or the slag circulating water is cooled by a cooler and then used as chilling chamber slag flushing and cooling water, in order to maintain the stable liquid level of the chilling chamber 140, the bottom of the chilling chamber 140 or the top of the slag lock bucket pumps a small amount of water to a flash evaporation system, the flash evaporation load is small, and the comprehensive energy consumption is low.
The utility model provides a full waste boiler entrained-flow bed gasification equipment 100 down of superheated steam, through carrying out segmentation design to lower sediment pipe 120, wherein, first lower sediment section 121 ensures the back mixing effect of reaction medium in gasifier 110, thereby ensure gasifier 110 carbon conversion rate, second lower sediment section 122 mainly eliminates melting lime-ash and goes out the radial force that lower sediment section got into radiation waste boiler 130 department, combine first section cinder notch and second section cinder notch to connect and set up to ladder horizontal connection again, prevent that melting lime-ash cinder notch from producing the direction and spreading to hanging on the wall on the water-cooling, and set up purpose-made cinder notch mouth 123, the extension lime-ash returns the distance of mixing district and horizontal wall water-cooling wall, reduce the risk that the lime-ash back mixes and bonds on the horizontal wall water-cooling wall, ensure the maximum thermal efficiency of recovery of radiation waste boiler 130 under safe, steady operation operating mode.
Further, the radiation waste heat boiler 130 and the convection waste heat boiler 160 are connected by arranging the ash falling-back waste heat boiler 150, so that the problems of transportation overrun and inconvenient operation and maintenance of the large gasification furnace 110 with the full waste heat boiler (the daily coal input is more than 2000t of the full waste heat boiler gasification furnace 110) are solved, the recovery rate of sensible heat in the synthesis gas is high, and the quality of steam generated by recovery heat is high (high-pressure superheated steam). Specifically, the ash falling waste pan 150 in the present application realizes that the synthesis gas turns back and upwards, and as a synthesis gas circulation channel, the resistance of the channel is required to be as small as possible, and no burden is caused on ash accumulation parts, one of the functions is to flow the ash entrained by the synthesis gas into the chilling chamber 140 by gravity, the other function is to reduce the height of the whole device, and the sensible heat recovery of the synthesis gas is realized.
In addition, the whole section of convection current waste heat boiler 160 is vertical setting in this application, and the synthetic gas hardly presss from both sides the area sediment, because of vertical setting, the ash that the synthetic gas was smugglied secretly gets into the low reaches dust removal process along with the synthetic gas, the inner core serpentine tube bank 162 goes up to bear or endure the deposition risk little, this section is because of setting up inner core serpentine tube bank 162 water-cooling wall, and heat exchange efficiency is relatively high, and the synthetic gas temperature is relatively high in the upper segment part, and the recovery synthetic gas sensible heat is used for overheated high pressure saturated steam, and the synthetic gas temperature is relatively low in the lower segment part, and the recovery synthetic gas sensible heat is used for producing high pressure saturated steam.
The gasification equipment 100 of the downward full waste boiler entrained flow bed adopting the superheated steam recovers high-temperature sensible heat of the synthesis gas as much as possible, and recovers high-temperature sensible heat to produce high-quality steam (high-pressure superheated steam), the overall height and layout of the convection waste boiler 160 are within the height ranges of the gasification furnace 110 and the radiation waste boiler 130, the overall height of the frame is relatively low, meanwhile, the gasification equipment 100 of the downward full waste boiler entrained flow bed adopting the superheated steam is suitable for the large-scale gasification furnace 110 or the ultra-large-scale gasification furnace 110, the process operation is safe and reliable, the online operation rate is high, the operation and maintenance are convenient, the operation economic cost is low, the comprehensive energy consumption is low, and the like, and the economic value is greatly improved.
In addition, the invention provides a coal chemical industry system, which comprises the downward full waste boiler entrained flow gasification equipment 100 for the superheated steam. The system can effectively recover the sensible heat of the superheated steam in the coal chemical system, and the coal chemical system is low in overall height and safe and reliable in operation.
The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (15)
1. A downward full waste boiler entrained-flow bed gasification device of superheated steam is characterized by comprising a gasification furnace, a slag discharge pipe, a radiation waste boiler, a chilling chamber, an ash falling waste boiler and a convection waste boiler; the bottom of the gasification furnace is connected with the slag discharging pipe, the slag discharging pipe is connected with the radiation waste pot, the chilling chamber is arranged at the bottom of the radiation waste pot, the ash and slag falling waste pot is provided with a first inclined section, a middle vertical section and a second inclined section which are sequentially communicated, one end of the first inclined section, far away from the middle vertical section, is communicated with the lower part of the radiation waste pot, and one end of the second inclined section, far away from the middle vertical section, is communicated with the upper part of the convection waste pot; the waste radiation boiler comprises a radiation cylinder and a radiation cone, the radiation cone is connected to the bottom of the radiation cylinder, the chilling chamber is arranged in the radiation cone, and the ash slag falling waste boiler is arranged at the bottom of the radiation cylinder and is positioned higher than the chilling chamber;
and a chilling gas system and a temperature monitor for starting the chilling gas system are arranged at the joint of the radiation waste boiler and the ash slag falling waste boiler.
2. The superheated steam downgoing full-waste entrained-flow gasification plant of claim 1, wherein the ash fall-back waste is provided with a first tubular water wall.
3. The superheated steam downgoing full-waste entrained-flow gasification plant of claim 1, wherein the ash fall-back waste is provided with a first ash blow-off port.
4. The superheated steam downgoing full spent pot entrained flow gasification plant of claim 1, wherein the first inclined section is located below the second inclined section, the first inclined section and the second inclined section each having an angle of inclination with respect to a horizontal plane of between 20 ° and 50 °.
5. The superheated steam downgoing full-digester entrained flow gasification device of claim 1, wherein the slagging duct comprises a first slagging section and a second slagging section in sequential communication, an end of the first slagging section remote from the second slagging section communicating with the bottom of the gasifier, an end of the second slagging section remote from the first slagging section communicating with the radiant digester, the diameter of the second slagging section being greater than the diameter of the first slagging section.
6. The superheated steam downgoing full spent pot entrained flow gasification plant of claim 5, wherein the first lower slag section has a diameter of 500-900 mm; the diameter of the second slag falling section is 650-1200 mm; the length of the second slag discharging section is 2-6 times of the diameter of the second slag discharging section; the first slag discharging section and the second slag discharging section are connected in a stepped horizontal mode.
7. The superheated steam downgoing full-waste entrained-flow gasification plant of claim 5, wherein an end of the second slag downgoing section remote from the first slag downgoing section is provided with a slag notch nozzle for extending the spacing between the ash back-mixing zone and the top wall of the radiant waste boiler.
8. The superheated steam downgoing full-waste entrained-flow gasification plant of claim 1, wherein the temperature monitor has a plurality of sets, each set layered up and down along the junction of the radiant waste boiler and the ash fall-back waste boiler.
9. The downer full spent steam entrained flow gasification plant of superheated steam of claim 8, wherein the temperature monitors are in groups 2-4.
10. The superheated steam downgoing full-waste-boiler entrained-flow gasification plant of claim 8, wherein a first quench port is provided at the temperature monitor.
11. The superheated steam downgoing total spent pot entrained flow gasification plant of claim 1, wherein a second tube-type water wall is disposed within the radiation cylinder and within the radiation cone, and a fin water wall is suspended within the radiation cylinder and is located within the second tube-type water wall.
12. The superheated steam downgoing full spent pot entrained flow gasification plant of claim 11, wherein the second tubular water cooled wall is provided with a second ash blowing port.
13. The superheated steam downgoing full-digester entrained flow gasification plant of claim 1, wherein the convection spent digester is provided with a third cylindrical water wall and a serpentine tube bank; the convection waste boiler comprises a first convection section and a second convection section which are communicated with each other; the first convection section is located above the second inclined section.
14. The superheated steam downgoing full-digester entrained-flow gasification plant of claim 13, wherein the convection spent digester has a third ash-blowing port provided in the tubular water wall and serpentine tube bank.
15. A coal chemical system comprising a downer full-spent pot entrained flow gasification plant for superheated steam as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14.
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| CN113930261B (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-08-26 | 宁夏神耀科技有限责任公司 | Gasification furnace equipment and method for producing carbon monoxide |
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