CN113072460A - 一种吗啉衍生物氧化开环的方法及其产品 - Google Patents
一种吗啉衍生物氧化开环的方法及其产品 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113072460A CN113072460A CN202110348171.3A CN202110348171A CN113072460A CN 113072460 A CN113072460 A CN 113072460A CN 202110348171 A CN202110348171 A CN 202110348171A CN 113072460 A CN113072460 A CN 113072460A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- reaction
- morpholine
- product
- opening
- ring
- Prior art date
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- Granted
Links
- 150000002780 morpholines Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 title description 35
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 238000011909 oxidative ring-opening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=N1 OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 114
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 113
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 106
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 83
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 78
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 78
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 76
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 75
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- PRWATGACIORDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,5,6-tetra(carbazol-9-yl)benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile Chemical group C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=C(C#N)C(N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)=C(N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C(N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)=C1C#N PRWATGACIORDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- XWKFPIODWVPXLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-5-methylpyridine Natural products CC1=CC=C(C)N=C1 XWKFPIODWVPXLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- -1 hexafluorophosphate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- TXNLQUKVUJITMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-butyl-2-(4-tert-butylpyridin-2-yl)pyridine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=NC(C=2N=CC=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)=C1 TXNLQUKVUJITMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IICCLYANAQEHCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-3',6'-dihydroxy-2',4',5',7'-tetraiodospiro[2-benzofuran-3,9'-xanthene]-1-one Chemical compound O1C(=O)C(C(=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2Cl)Cl)=C2C21C1=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C1OC1=C(I)C(O)=C(I)C=C21 IICCLYANAQEHCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CGVJKUGSPAPYIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridin-10-ium perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3[NH+]=C21 CGVJKUGSPAPYIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930187593 rose bengal Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940081623 rose bengal Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- STRXNPAVPKGJQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N rose bengal A Natural products O1C(=O)C(C(=CC=C2Cl)Cl)=C2C21C1=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C1OC1=C(I)C(O)=C(I)C=C21 STRXNPAVPKGJQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004105 2-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([*])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims 1
- MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium(3+) Chemical compound [Ir+3] MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010504 bond cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 35
- 238000007248 oxidative elimination reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 abstract 1
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 64
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 49
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 34
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 33
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 32
- 238000003818 flash chromatography Methods 0.000 description 32
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 29
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical group C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 8
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl formate Chemical compound CCOC=O WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- FHQRDEDZJIFJAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenylmorpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1C1=CC=CC=C1 FHQRDEDZJIFJAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N morphine Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H](C=C[C@H]23)O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4O BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 4
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- BYEAHWXPCBROCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(O)C(F)(F)F BYEAHWXPCBROCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RUYZJEIKQYLEGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoro-4-phenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 RUYZJEIKQYLEGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LLSKXGRDUPMXLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylpiperidine Chemical compound C1CCCCN1C1=CC=CC=C1 LLSKXGRDUPMXLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001502 aryl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 3
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AVJBQMXODCVJCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,3-bis[2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]imidazol-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)C)=C1N1C=[N+](C=2C(=CC=CC=2C(C)C)C(C)C)C=C1 AVJBQMXODCVJCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000003682 3-furyl group Chemical group O1C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- RQMIVKDXRGZOBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-bromophenyl)morpholine Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC(N2CCOCC2)=C1 RQMIVKDXRGZOBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAAUAMNUAFGPAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)morpholine Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N1CCOCC1 FAAUAMNUAFGPAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OLAFVASCPJETBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-methylphenyl)morpholine Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1N1CCOCC1 OLAFVASCPJETBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XVAJKPNTGSKZSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-morpholinobenzoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1N1CCOCC1 XVAJKPNTGSKZSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
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- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000005839 radical cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 2
- JQWHASGSAFIOCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium periodate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]I(=O)(=O)=O JQWHASGSAFIOCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- HBENZIXOGRCSQN-VQWWACLZSA-N (1S,2S,6R,14R,15R,16R)-5-(cyclopropylmethyl)-16-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylpentan-2-yl]-15-methoxy-13-oxa-5-azahexacyclo[13.2.2.12,8.01,6.02,14.012,20]icosa-8(20),9,11-trien-11-ol Chemical compound N1([C@@H]2CC=3C4=C(C(=CC=3)O)O[C@H]3[C@@]5(OC)CC[C@@]2([C@@]43CC1)C[C@@H]5[C@](C)(O)C(C)(C)CC)CC1CC1 HBENZIXOGRCSQN-VQWWACLZSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
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- MZZUATUOLXMCEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Co] MZZUATUOLXMCEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种吗啉衍生物氧化开环的方法及其产品,属于化合物制备技术领域。本发明在可见光诱导C(sp3)‑C(sp3)键裂解的设计理念的启发下,已经成功发展了本发明的这种可见光促进吗啉衍生物C(sp3)‑C(sp3)键氧化裂解的方法。本发明所涉及的吗啉衍生物氧化开环的方法,是以可见光为能源、以O2为最终氧化剂,裂解没有环应力的C(sp3)‑C(sp3)键,避免了过渡金属、高温、高压以及化学当量的危险氧化剂的使用,并建立了良好的官能团耐受性,获得了30种底物,产率高达83%,为实现吗啉衍生物在温和条件下的氧化裂解提供了补充方案。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机化合物制备技术领域,具体涉及一种吗啉衍生物氧化开环的方法及其产品。
背景技术
碳-碳(C-C)键断裂被认为是选择性解构和功能化的策略,它为复杂分子中C(sp3)的活化/功能化提供了一个补充方法,因而在有机合成和药物化学中有重要的研究意义。然而,由于其固有的高键解离能(~90kcal/mol)、非极性以及动力学惰性等方面的特质,在温和条件下实现C(sp3)-C(sp3)键的选择性裂解仍然是一个巨大的挑战。近些年来,化学研究者们为开发惰性C(sp3)-C(sp3)键的断裂方法做出了巨大的努力,其中又以直接的氧化加成、β-消除、逆向烯丙基化以及烷烃的交叉复分解应用最为广泛。值得注意的是,C(sp3)-C(sp3)键的氧化裂解要么使用有害的氧化剂(例如:臭氧、叔丁基过氧化氢、高碘酸钠或四乙酸铅等),要么需要经历相对苛刻的反应条件,从而在一定程度上极大地限制了上述C(sp3)-C(sp3)键氧化裂解的应用。
受之前的文献报导和相关课题组对可见光催化的兴趣所启发,发现可见光催化已经被越来越多地应用于C-C键在温和条件下的裂解。吗啉环作为药物分子中有效的结构片段,研究其药物代谢产物是十分有用的,因而可以设想利用可见光催化实现吗啉衍生物的C(sp3)-C(sp3)键氧化断裂。在2008年,Albini的研究小组发现,将吗啉代氟苯基恶唑烷酮在通过氮气的水中利用310nm的光照射,会产生相应的开环产物,但其开环产物的含量很少(Org.Biomol.Chem.,2008,6,4634-4642.);2012年,Bruschi小组报道了吗啉衍生物在臭氧的氧化作用下发生裂解,然而,开环产物的产率略低(17%)(ISRN Org.Chem.,2012,2012,281642-281646;Tetrahedron,2012,68,8267-8275.);2019年,Beller实验室先后报道了两个出色的方案,即使用铜催化剂或钴-锰催化剂进行C-C键的氧化裂解,并得到了令人满意的结果(Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.,2019,131,10803-10807;ACS Catal.,2019,9,11125-11129.)。尽管这些方法已成功实现了吗啉衍生物的氧化裂解,但他们依然面临产率低或高温高压等苛刻条件的问题。
因此,结合上述情况,需要探索一种在温和条件下实现C(sp3)-C(sp3)键氧化裂解的有效方法以及考虑到药物代谢产物在制药行业中的重要性以及制药行业中残留金属离子的局限性,仍然需要开发一种无金属,温和且绿色的策略来实现吗啉衍生物的氧化裂解。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的之一在于提供一种吗啉衍生物氧化开环产物的方法;本发明的目的之二在于提供一种吗啉衍生物氧化开环方法制备的产物。
为达到上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
1.一种吗啉衍生物氧化开环的方法,所述方法具体为:将吗啉衍生物溶于有机溶剂,添加作为光催化剂、添加剂、在氧气氛围下(氧气球)用蓝光灯或紧凑型白光灯照射即可实现吗啉衍生物氧化开环;
所述添加剂为2,6-二甲基吡啶、吡啶或碳酸氢钠中的任意一种;
所述光催化剂为2,4,5,6-四(9-咔唑基)-间苯二腈(4CzIPN)、(4,4'-二叔丁基-2,2'-联吡啶)双[(2-吡啶基)苯基]铱(III)六氟磷酸盐([Ir(dtbbpy)(ppy)2][PF6])、玫瑰红或吖啶高氯酸盐中的任意一种。
优选的,所述吗啉衍生物包括1a~30a,其化学结构式如下所示:
优选的,所述蓝光灯的功率为7~12W,所述紧凑型白光灯的功率为23~32W。
优选的,所述照射时间为24~54h。
优选的,所述有机溶剂为乙腈、甲苯、DMSO或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的任意一种。
优选的,所述制备方法的具体步骤如下:
(1)依次加入吗啉衍生物、光催化剂、添加剂,充分溶解在有机溶剂中,在密封的氧气氛围用蓝光灯或紧凑型白光灯照射进行反应,反应过程用TLC监测,监测到体系中的吗啉衍生物反应完即可结束反应;
(2)反应结束后进行减压蒸馏,浓缩反应混合物得到粗产物;
(3)将粗产物进行柱层析分离提纯即可。
进一步优选的,所述吗啉衍生物和添加剂的摩尔比为1:0.5~3.0。
进一步优选的,所述吗啉衍生物和光催化剂的摩尔比为1:0.5%~3.0%。
进一步优选的,所述柱层析采用的洗脱剂为石油醚和乙酸乙酯的混合物。
2.根据上述方法氧化开环得到的产物。
优选的,所述产物包括1b~30b,其结构式如下所示:
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明提供了一种吗啉衍生物氧化开环的方法,其实质是在可见光诱导C(sp3)-C(sp3)键裂解的设计理念的启发下,已经成功发展了本发明的这种可见光促进吗啉衍生物C(sp3)-C(sp3)键氧化裂解的方法。本发明所涉及的吗啉衍生物氧化开环的方法,是以可见光为能源、以O2为最终氧化剂,裂解没有环应力的C(sp3)-C(sp3)键,避免了过渡金属、高温、高压以及化学当量的危险氧化剂的使用,并建立了良好的官能团耐受性,获得了30种底物,产率高达83%,为实现吗啉衍生物在温和条件下的氧化裂解提供了补充方案。
本发明的其他优点、目标和特征在某种程度上将在随后的说明书中进行阐述,并且在某种程度上,基于对下文的考察研究对本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的,或者可以从本发明的实践中得到教导。本发明的目标和其他优点可以通过下面的说明书来实现和获得。
附图说明
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图对本发明作优选的详细描述,其中:
图1为荧光猝灭实验结果图;
图2为开关灯实验结果图;
图3为本发明实施例2中吗啉衍生物氧化开环反应的机理图。
具体实施方式
以下通过特定的具体实例说明本发明的实施方式,本领域技术人员可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点与功效。本发明还可以通过另外不同的具体实施方式加以实施或应用,本说明书中的各项细节也可以基于不同观点与应用,在没有背离本发明的精神下进行各种修饰或改变。需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,以下实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
下述实施例中涉及到的吗啉衍生物1a~30a的结构式如下:
以下实施例中吗啉衍生物1a~30a通过氧化开环反应得到的相应的产物1b~30b的结构式和产率如下所示:
实施例1
本发明涉及的主要试剂和仪器:N-苯基吗啉、4-(吡啶-2-基)吗啉、4-(3-溴苯基)吗啉、3-吗啉-4-苯甲腈、4-(4-氯苯基)吗啉、4-(N-吗啡啉基)溴苯、4-吗啉基苯甲酸(上海毕得医药科技股份有限公司),4-吗啉基苯乙酮、N-苯基哌啶(萨恩化学技术有限公司),4-(4-甲氧基苯基)吗啉(上海韶远试剂有限公司),4-对甲苯基吗啉、4-(4-吗啉基)苯腈(重庆朋强石油化工有限公司),2,6-二甲基吡啶、DMF(上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司),4CzIPN(天津希恩思奥普德科技有限公司),氢氧化钠、乙酸乙酯、石油醚、二氯甲烷(CH2Cl2)(重庆市钛新化工有限公司),甲醇(MeOH)、乙腈(MeCN)、二甲亚砜(DMSO)、氘代氯仿(上海迈瑞尔化学技术有限公司),硅胶板(青岛海洋化学工业有限公司,海洋GF254),核磁共振波谱仪(600MHz,TMS为内标,布鲁克仪器有限公司),高分辨率质谱仪(impact II,ESI离子源,布鲁克仪器有限公司),熔点测定仪(WPX-4,Yice仪器设备有限公司)。
其余未涉及到的吗啉衍生物按照如下方法制备:
其中R1为甲酰基,单取代卤素、双取代卤素,单取代甲基、双取代甲基、氰基、苯并呋喃基或9-苯基-9H-咔唑基,R2为H或者甲基,R3为H或者甲基,R4为H或者甲基;
主要制备方法如下:将芳基卤化物(1.0当量)、取代吗啉(2.0当量)、碳酸钾(2.0当量)、碘化亚铜(以芳基卤化物为标准添加10mol%)、L-脯氨酸(以芳基卤化物为标准添加20mol%)以及DMSO置于圆底烧瓶中,搅拌均匀,于90℃的条件下搅拌。通过薄层色谱(TLC)对反应的结果进行检测,反应完成后,再用水和乙酸乙酯(1:1)进行萃取(×3),合并的有机相用无水硫酸钠进行干燥,减压蒸馏后除去溶剂,得到粗产品,将粗产品通过硅胶柱层析法进行分离提纯,得到纯的产物。利用该方法可以制备的3a、6a、15a~17a、20a~21a、23a~30a吗啉衍生物的结构式如下:
2、制备结构式为2a的吗啉衍生物,反应结构式如下:
主要制备方法如下:在圆底烧瓶中装入吗啉(1.0当量),溴化芳基(1.05当量),醋酸钯(以吗啉为标准添加1mol%),2-二环己基磷-2',6'-二异丙氧基-1,1'-联苯(RuPhos,以吗啉为标准添加2mol%),叔丁醇钠(1.2当量),将混合物在110℃(油浴)搅拌。反应完成后(通过TLC检测),将反应混合物冷却至室温,然后溶于二氯甲烷/水(1:1)中。有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥并真空蒸发以除去溶剂。将残余物通过硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂,得到所需产物2a,其结构为
主要制备方法如下:4-氟-1,1'-联苯(1.0当量),吗啉(4.0当量),1,3-双(2,6-二异丙基苯基)氯化咪唑翁(IPr·HCl,以4-氟-1,1'-联苯为标准添加20mol%),1,3-双(2,6-二异丙基苯基)氯化咪唑翁(Ni(COD)2,以4-氟-1,1'-联苯为标准添加10mol%)和叔丁醇钠(4.0当量)在氩气氛围下混合于无水甲苯中,然后100℃(油浴)搅拌20小时。冷却至室温后,向反应混合物中加入H2O。所得混合物用乙醚萃取三次。合并的有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥并真空蒸发以除去溶剂。将残余物通过硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯作为洗脱剂,得到所需产物21a。
主要制备方法如下:将2-氯苯并噻唑(10mmol,1.0当量),1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯(DBU,10mol%)和碳酸氢钠(90mol%)添加到50mL圆底烧瓶中,室温搅拌。当混合物在搅拌下变为深绿色时,加入吗啉(1.0当量)并进一步搅拌。5分钟后在反应混合物中加水以沉淀出白色固体,将其滤出并用水洗涤,干燥后得到所需产物19a。
实施例2
结构式为1a的吗啉衍生物(4-phenylmorpholine)的氧化开环(C(sp3)-C(sp3)键断裂反应):
将0.3mmol的N-苯基吗啉(1.0当量)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.0当量)、4CzIPN(1mol%)溶于1.0mL乙腈溶液中,在氧气氛围(氧气球)下,用9W蓝光灯在室温(r.t.)下照射24小时。反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得残余物利用硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(3:1)作为洗脱剂,得到产物1b(2-(N-phenylformamido)ethyl formate):浅黄色液体,产率:75%,1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.40(s,1H),7.97(s,1H),7.43(t,J=7.7Hz,2H),7.33(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.22(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),4.34(t,J=5.6Hz,2H),4.11(t,J=5.6Hz,2H)。13C NMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ162.7,160.6,140.7,129.8,127.3,124.5,60.6,44.2。
实施例3
结构式为2a的吗啉衍生物(4-(o-tolyl)morpholine)的氧化开环(C(sp3)-C(sp3)键断裂反应):
将0.3mmol的2a(1.0当量)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.0当量)、4CzIPN(1mol%)溶于1.0mL乙腈溶液中,在氧气氛围(氧气球)下,用9W蓝光灯在室温(r.t.)下照射41小时。反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得残余物利用硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(2:1)作为洗脱剂,得到产物2b(2-(N-o-tolylformamido)ethyl formate):浅黄色液体,收率:30%,1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.15(s,1H),7.98(s,1H),7.31–7.30(m,2H),7.28–7.26(m,1H),7.16(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),4.30(t,J=5.6Hz,2H),3.98(t,J=5.3Hz,2H),2.27(s,3H)。13C NMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ163.3,160.5,138.9,135.8,131.6,128.8,128.8,127.2,60.6,44.2,17.7。
实施例4
结构式为2a的吗啉衍生物(4-(3-chlorophenyl)morpholine)的氧化开环(C(sp3)-C(sp3)键断裂反应):
将0.3mmol的3a(1.0当量)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.0当量)、4CzIPN(1mol%)溶于1.0mL乙腈溶液中,在氧气氛围(氧气球)下,用9W蓝光灯在室温(r.t.)下照射24小时。反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得残余物利用硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(3:1)作为洗脱剂,得到产物3b(2-(N-(3-chlorophenyl)formamido)ethyl formate):浅黄色液体,收率:56%,1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.41(s,1H),7.99(s,1H),7.37(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.32-7.30(m,,1H),7.25-7.23(m,1H),7.12-7.10(m,1H),4.35(t,J=5.5Hz,2H),4.09(t,J=5.6Hz,2H)。13C NMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ162.3,160.5,142.0,135.5,130.8,127.4,124.5,122.3,60.6,44.3。
实施例5
结构式为4a的吗啉衍生物(4-(3-bromophenyl)morpholine)的氧化开环(C(sp3)-C(sp3)键断裂反应):
将0.3mmol的4a(1.0当量)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.0当量)、4CzIPN(1mol%)溶于1.0mL乙腈溶液中,在氧气氛围(氧气球)下,用9W蓝光灯在室温(r.t.)下照射24小时。反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得残余物利用硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(3:1)作为洗脱剂,得到产物4b(2-(N-(3-chlorophenyl)formamido)ethyl formate):黄色液体,收率:61%,1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.40(s,1H),7.98(s,1H),7.48–7.45(m,1H),7.40-7.39(m,1H),7.31(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.17-7.15(m,1H),4.35(t,J=5.6Hz,2H),4.09(t,J=5.6Hz,2H)。13C NMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ162.2,160.4,142.1,131.1,130.4,127.4,123.3,122.8,60.6,44.3。
实施例6
结构式为5a的吗啉衍生物(3-morpholinobenzonitrile)的氧化开环(C(sp3)-C(sp3)键断裂反应):
将0.3mmol的5a(1.0当量)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.0当量)、4CzIPN(1mol%)溶于1.0mL乙腈溶液中,在氧气氛围(氧气球)下,用9W蓝光灯在室温(r.t.)下照射24小时。反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得残余物利用硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(2:1)作为洗脱剂,得到产物5b(2-(N-(3-cyanophenyl)formamido)ethyl formate):浅黄色液体,收率:61%,1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.45(s,1H),7.99(s,1H),7.64(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.60–7.57(m,2H),7.51(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),4.38(t,J=5.5Hz,2H),4.13(t,J=5.5Hz,2H)。13C NMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ162.0,160.4,141.9,130.9,130.6,128.3,127.2,117.6,114.2,60.6,44.5。
实施例7
结构式为6a的吗啉衍生物(1-(3-morpholinophenyl)ethan-1-one)的氧化开环(C(sp3)-C(sp3)键断裂反应):
将0.3mmol的6a(1.0当量)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.0当量)、4CzIPN(1mol%)溶于1.0mL乙腈溶液中,在氧气氛围(氧气球)下,用9W蓝光灯在室温(r.t.)下照射24小时。反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得残余物利用硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(1.5:1)作为洗脱剂,得到产物6b(2-(N-(3-acetylphenyl)formamido)ethyl formate):浅黄色液体,收率:53%,1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.44(s,1H),7.97(s,1H),7.90–7.89(m,1H),7.82(t,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.57-7.54(m,1H),7.44–7.42(m,1H),4.35(t,J=5.5Hz,2H),4.14(t,J=5.6Hz,2H),2.63(s,3H)。13C NMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ196.8,162.3,160.5,141.3,138.7,130.2,128.5,127.1,123.5,60.6,44.2,26.6。
实施例8
结构式为7a的吗啉衍生物(4-(4-chlorophenyl)morpholine)的氧化开环(C(sp3)-C(sp3)键断裂反应):
将0.3mmol的7a(1.0当量)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.0当量)、4CzIPN(1mol%)溶于1.0mL乙腈溶液中,在氧气氛围(氧气球)下,用9W蓝光灯在室温(r.t.)下照射24小时。反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得残余物利用硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(3:1)作为洗脱剂,得到产物7b(2-(N-(4-chlorophenyl)formamido)ethyl formate):浅黄色液体,收率:61%,1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.37(s,1H),7.97(s,1H),7.41–7.39(m,2H),7.17–7.15(m,2H),4.34(t,J=5.6Hz,2H),4.08(t,J=5.5Hz,2H)。13C NMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ162.3,160.5,139.3,133.1,130.0,125.7,60.6,44.4。
实施例9
结构式为8a的吗啉衍生物(4-(4-bromophenyl)morpholine)的氧化开环(C(sp3)-C(sp3)键断裂反应):
将0.3mmol的8a(1.0当量)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.0当量)、4CzIPN(1mol%)溶于1.0mL乙腈溶液中,在氧气氛围(氧气球)下,用9W蓝光灯在室温(r.t.)下照射24小时。反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得残余物利用硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(3:1)作为洗脱剂,得到产物8b(2-(N-(4-bromophenyl)formamido)ethyl formate):黄色液体,收率:58%,1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.37(s,1H),7.97(s,1H),7.56(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.11(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),4.34(t,J=5.6Hz,2H),4.08(t,J=5.6Hz,2H)。13C NMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ162.2,160.4,139.8,133.0,125.9,120.8,60.6,44.3。
实施例10
结构式为9a的吗啉衍生物(1-(4-morpholinophenyl)ethan-1-one)的氧化开环(C(sp3)-C(sp3)键断裂反应):
将0.3mmol的9a(1.0当量)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.0当量)、4CzIPN(1mol%)溶于1.0mL乙腈溶液中,在氧气氛围(氧气球)下,用9W蓝光灯在室温(r.t.)下照射24小时。反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得残余物利用硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(1.5:1)作为洗脱剂,得到产物9b(2-(N-(4-acetylphenyl)formamido)ethyl formate):黄色液体,收率:50%,1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.55(s,1H),8.04(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.97(s,1H),7.32(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),4.38(t,J=5.6Hz,2H),4.17(t,J=5.6Hz,2H),2.62(s,3H)。13C NMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ196.6,162.1,160.4,144.8,135.4,130.1,122.8,60.6,43.9,26.5。
实施例11
结构式为10a的吗啉衍生物(4-morpholinobenzoic acid)的氧化开环(C(sp3)-C(sp3)键断裂反应):
将0.3mmol的10a(1.0当量)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.0当量)、4CzIPN(1mol%)溶于1.0mL乙腈溶液中,在氧气氛围(氧气球)下,用9W蓝光灯在室温(r.t.)下照射54小时。反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得残余物利用硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯/冰醋酸(50:50:1)作为洗脱剂,得到产物10b(4-(N-(2-(formyloxy)ethyl)formamido)benzoic acid):浅黄色液体,收率:38%,1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.96(s,1H),8.62(s,1H),8.13(s,1H),7.97(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.48(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),4.23(t,J=5.5Hz,2H),4.12(t,J=5.5Hz,2H)。13C NMR(151MHz,DMSO-d6)δ167.1,163.0,162.2,145.0,131.2,128.6,122.6,60.6,43.0。
实施例12
结构式为11a的吗啉衍生物(4-morpholinobenzonitrile)的氧化开环(C(sp3)-C(sp3)键断裂反应):
将0.3mmol的11a(1.0当量)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.0当量)、4CzIPN(1mol%)溶于1.0mL乙腈溶液中,在氧气氛围(氧气球)下,用9W蓝光灯在室温(r.t.)下照射24小时。反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得残余物利用硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(3:1)作为洗脱剂,得到产物11b(2-(N-(4-cyanophenyl)formamido)ethyl formate):浅黄色固体,收率:69%,熔点:75-76℃,1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.54(s,1H),7.97(s,1H),7.74(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.35(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),4.39(t,J=5.5Hz,2H),4.15(t,J=5.5Hz,2H)。13C NMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ161.8,160.4,144.8,133.9,123.3,117.9,110.5,60.6,44.1。
实施例13
结构式为12a的吗啉衍生物(4-(p-tolyl)morpholine)的氧化开环(C(sp3)-C(sp3)键断裂反应):
将0.3mmol的12a(1.0当量)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.0当量)、4CzIPN(1mol%)溶于1.0mL乙腈溶液中,在氧气氛围(氧气球)下,用9W蓝光灯在室温(r.t.)下照射48小时。反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得残余物利用硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(3:1)作为洗脱剂,得到产物12b(2-(N-p-tolylformamido)ethyl formate):浅黄色液体,收率:68%,1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.35(s,1H),7.98(s,1H),7.22(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.09(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),4.32(t,J=5.7Hz,2H),4.07(t,J=5.7Hz,2H),2.37(s,3H)。13CNMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ162.7,160.6,138.1,137.4,130.4,124.7,60.6,44.3,20.9。
实施例14
结构式为13a的吗啉衍生物(4-(4-methoxyphenyl)morpholine)的氧化开环(C(sp3)-C(sp3)键断裂反应):
将0.3mmol的13a(1.0当量)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.0当量)、4CzIPN(1mol%)溶于1.0mL乙腈溶液中,在氧气氛围(氧气球)下,用9W蓝光灯在室温(r.t.)下照射41小时。反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得残余物利用硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(2:1)作为洗脱剂,得到产物13b(2-(N-(4-methoxyphenyl)formamido)ethyl formate):浅黄色液体,收率:15%,1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.30(s,1H),7.99(s,1H),7.13(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),6.93(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),4.32(t,J=5.6Hz,2H),4.04(t,J=5.6Hz,2H),3.83(s,3H)。13C NMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ162.8,160.6,158.9,133.4,126.7,114.9,60.6,55.6,44.5。
实施例15
结构式为14a的吗啉衍生物(4-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)morpholine)的氧化开环(C(sp3)-C(sp3)键断裂反应):
将0.3mmol的14a(1.0当量)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.0当量)、4CzIPN(1mol%)溶于1.0mL乙腈溶液中,在氧气氛围(氧气球)下,用9W蓝光灯在室温(r.t.)下照射24小时。反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得残余物利用硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(3:1)作为洗脱剂,得到产物14b(2-(N-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)formamido)ethyl formate):白色固体,收率:64%,熔点:76-77℃,1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.46(s,1H),8.00(s,1H),7.64(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.59–7.57(m,2H),7.46(t,J=7.7Hz,2H),7.38(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.28(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),4.38(t,J=5.6Hz,2H),4.14(t,J=5.6Hz,2H)。13C NMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ162.6,160.6,140.4,139.8,129.0,128.5,127.8,127.0,124.7,60.7,44.3。HRMS(ESI):m/z:calcd for C16H15NO3(M+H)+270.1125;found 270.1122。
实施例16
结构式为15a的吗啉衍生物(4-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)morpholine)的氧化开环(C(sp3)-C(sp3)键断裂反应):
将0.3mmol的15a(1.0当量)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.0当量)、4CzIPN(1mol%)溶于1.0mL乙腈溶液中,在氧气氛围(氧气球)下,用9W蓝光灯在室温(r.t.)下照射24小时。反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得残余物利用硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(5:1)作为洗脱剂,得到开环产物15b(2-(N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)formamido)ethylformate)以及15b的水解产物15c(N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)formamide)。
15b的化学性质:浅黄色液体,收率:59%,1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.42(s,1H),8.00(s,1H),7.33–7.31(m,1H),7.14(s,2H),4.36(t,J=5.5Hz,2H),4.07(t,J=5.5Hz,2H)。13C NMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ161.8,160.4,142.8,136.1,127.3,122.4,60.5,44.4。
15c的化学性质:Rf=0.25(石油醚/乙酸乙酯,2:1),浅黄色液体,收率:13%,1HNMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.45(s,1H),7.32–7.31(m,1H),7.20–7.20(m,2H),3.94(t,J=5.2Hz,2H),3.85(t,J=5.3Hz,2H)。13C NMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ162.7,143.4,136.0,127.2,122.6,60.4,48.9。HRMS(ESI):m/z:calcd for C9H9Cl2NO2(M+H)+234.0083;found 234.0081。
实施例17
结构式为16a的吗啉衍生物(4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)morpholine)的氧化开环(C(sp3)-C(sp3)键断裂反应):
将0.3mmol的16a(1.0当量)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.0当量)、4CzIPN(1mol%)溶于1.0mL乙腈溶液中,在氧气氛围(氧气球)下,用9W蓝光灯在室温(r.t.)下照射24小时。反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得残余物利用硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(5:1)作为洗脱剂,得到产物16b(2-(N-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)formamido)ethyl formate):浅黄色液体,收率:59%,1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.36(s,1H),7.99(s,1H),6.96(s,1H),6.80(s,2H),4.32(t,J=5.7Hz,2H),4.07(t,J=5.7Hz,2H),2.34(s,6H)。13C NMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ162.7,160.6,140.5,139.7,129.0,122.3,60.6,44.1,21.3。
实施例18
结构式为17a的吗啉衍生物(4-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)morpholine)的氧化开环(C(sp3)-C(sp3)键断裂反应):
将0.3mmol的17a(1.0当量)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.0当量)、4CzIPN(1mol%)溶于1.0mL乙腈溶液中,在氧气氛围(氧气球)下,用9W蓝光灯在室温(r.t.)下照射54小时。反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得残余物利用硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(3:1)作为洗脱剂,得到产物17b(2-(N-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)formamido)ethyl formate):浅黄色液体,收率:53%,1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.34(s,1H),7.98(s,1H),7.16(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.96–6.92(m,2H),4.31(t,J=5.7Hz,2H),4.06(t,J=5.7Hz,2H),2.28(m,6H)。13C NMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ162.7,160.5,138.3,138.3,136.0,130.8,125.9,122.1,60.6,44.2,19.8,19.2。
实施例19
结构式为18a的吗啉衍生物(4-(pyridin-2-yl)morpholine)的氧化开环(C(sp3)-C(sp3)键断裂反应):
将0.3mmol的18a(1.0当量)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.0当量)、4CzIPN(1mol%)溶于1.0mL乙腈溶液中,在氧气氛围(氧气球)下,用9W蓝光灯在室温(r.t.)下照射24小时。反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得残余物利用硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(3:1)作为洗脱剂,得到产物18b(2-(N-(pyridin-2-yl)formamido)ethyl formate):浅黄色液体,收率:57%,1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ9.12(s,1H),8.43–8.42(m,1H),7.99(s,1H),7.76–7.74(m,1H),7.17–7.14(m,2H),4.42(t,J=5.8Hz,2H),4.32(t,J=5.8Hz,2H)。13C NMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ162.2,160.7,153.2,148.8,138.6,120.6,112.7,61.0,40.7。
实施例20
结构式为19a的吗啉衍生物(4-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)morpholine)的氧化开环(C(sp3)-C(sp3)键断裂反应):
将0.3mmol的19a(1.0当量)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.0当量)、4CzIPN(1mol%)溶于1.0mL乙腈溶液中,在氧气氛围(氧气球)下,用9W蓝光灯在室温(r.t.)下照射24小时。反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得残余物利用硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(4:1)作为洗脱剂,得到产物19b(2-(N-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)formamido)ethyl formate):白色固体,收率:45%,熔点:104-105℃,1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.63(s,1H),8.07(s,1H),7.85–7.82(m,2H),7.46(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.34(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),4.62(t,J=4.9Hz,2H),4.45(t,J=5.0Hz,2H)。13C NMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ161.7,160.3,156.8,147.8,132.4,126.3,124.4,121.7,121.3,61.0,47.1。HRMS(ESI):m/z:calcd forC11H10N2O3S(M+Na)+273.0304;found 273.0300。
实施例21
结构式为20a的吗啉衍生物(4-(dibenzo[b,d]furan-3-yl)morpholine)的氧化开环(C(sp3)-C(sp3)键断裂反应):
将0.3mmol的20a(1.0当量)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.0当量)、4CzIPN(1mol%)溶于1.0mL DMF溶剂中,在氧气氛围(氧气球)下,用9W蓝光灯在室温(r.t.)下照射24小时。反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得残余物利用硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(3:1)作为洗脱剂,得到产物20b(2-(N-(dibenzo[b,d]furan-3-yl)formamido)ethylformate):黄色液体,收率:45%,1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.50(s,1H),7.99–7.95(m,3H),7.59(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.51-7.48(m,1H),7.44(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),7.40–7.37(m,1H),7.20-7.19(m,1H),4.40(t,J=5.6Hz,2H),4.19(t,J=5.6Hz,2H)。13C NMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ162.8,160.5,156.9,156.5,139.8,127.7,123.6,123.3,123.3,121.5,120.8,119.5,111.8,108.3,60.7,44.8。HRMS(ESI):m/z:calcd for C16H13NO4(M+H)+284.0917;found 284.0913。
实施例22
结构式为21a的吗啉衍生物(4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-2-yl)morpholine)的氧化开环(C(sp3)-C(sp3)键断裂反应):
将0.3mmol的21a(1.0当量)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.0当量)、4CzIPN(1mol%)溶于1.0mL DMF溶剂中,在氧气氛围(氧气球)下,用9W蓝光灯在室温(r.t.)下照射48小时。反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得残余物利用硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(2:1)作为洗脱剂,得到产物21b(2-(N-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-2-yl)formamido)ethylformate):浅黄色液体,收率:62%,1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.45(s,1H),8.14(t,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.92(s,1H),7.64(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.55–7.50(m,3H),7.45–7.39(m,2H),7.33–7.31(m,1H),7.19(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),7.11(dd,J=8.2,1.9Hz,1H),4.35(t,J=5.6Hz,2H),4.13(t,J=5.6Hz,2H)。13C NMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ163.0,160.5,141.7,141.4,138.7,137.1,130.2,128.1,127.1,126.5,122.6,122.6,121.4,120.6,120.4,116.9,110.0,106.3,60.8,44.9。HRMS(ESI):m/z:calcd for C22H18N2O3(M+H)+359.1390;found359.1387。
实施例23
结构式为22a的吗啉衍生物(1-phenylpiperidine)的氧化开环(C(sp3)-C(sp3)键断裂反应):
将0.3mmol的22a(1.0当量)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.0当量)、4CzIPN(1mol%)溶于1.0mL乙腈溶剂中,在氧气氛围(氧气球)下,用9W蓝光灯在室温(r.t.)下照射24小时。反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得残余物利用硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯/冰醋酸(100:100:1)作为洗脱剂,得到产物22b(4-(N-phenylformamido)butanoic acid):浅黄色液体,收率:47%,1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.39(s,1H),7.42(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.31(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.19(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),3.89(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),2.38(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),1.91–1.86(m,2H)。13C NMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ177.4,162.9,140.5,129.8,127.2,124.2,44.2,31.1,22.8。HRMS(ESI):m/z:calcd for C11H13NO3(M+Na)+230.0788;found 230.0782。
实施例24
结构式为23a的吗啉衍生物((R)-3-methyl-4-phenylmorpholine)的氧化开环(C(sp3)-C(sp3)键断裂反应):
将0.3mmol的23a(1.0当量)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.0当量)、4CzIPN(1mol%)溶于1.0mL乙腈溶剂中,在氧气氛围(氧气球)下,用9W蓝光灯在室温(r.t.)下照射28小时。反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得残余物利用硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(3:1)作为洗脱剂,得到产物23b(2-(N-phenylformamido)propyl formate):浅黄色液体,收率:63%,1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.25(s,1H),8.07(s,1H),7.43(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.41–7.38(m,1H),7.20(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),4.87–4.83(m,1H),4.32–4.29(m,1H),4.24–4.20(m,1H),1.26(d,J=6.9Hz,3H)。13C NMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ163.2,160.6,138.5,129.7,128.6,128.6,64.3,49.8,15.6。
实施例25
结构式为24a的吗啉衍生物(2-methyl-4-phenylmorpholine)的氧化开环(C(sp3)-C(sp3)键断裂反应):
将0.3mmol的24a(1.0当量)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.0当量)、4CzIPN(1mol%)溶于1.0mL乙腈溶剂中,在氧气氛围(氧气球)下,用9W蓝光灯在室温(r.t.)下照射26小时。反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得残余物利用硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(3:1)作为洗脱剂,得到C5-C6键断裂的产物24b(1-(N-phenylformamido)propan-2-ylformate)以及C2-C3键断裂的产物,24c(2-(N-phenylformamido)ethyl acetate),且两者的比例为3:2。
24b和24c混合物的化学性质:浅黄色液体,收率:81%,1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.39(d,J=7.1Hz,1.67H),7.88(s,1H),7.44–7.41(m,3.34H),7.32–7.30(m,2H),7.20(t,J=9.7Hz,3H),5.27–5.24(m,1H),4.26–4.24(d,J=5.8Hz,1.36H),4.08–4.06(m,1.38H),4.05–3.95(m,2H),1.90(s,2H),1.28(d,J=6.5Hz,3H)。13C NMR(151MHz,DMSO-d6)δ165.88,158.04,157.77,155.51,136.21,125.01,124.97,122.41,122.37,119.69,119.55,63.60,56.60,44.31,39.54,13.07,13.02.13C NMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ170.7,162.9,162.6,160.4,141.1,129.9,129.8,127.3,127.2,124.5,124.4,68.4,61.4,49.2,44.4,17.9,17.9。
24c的化学性质:浅黄色液体,收率32%,1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.40(s,1H),7.42(t,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.32(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.21–7.20(m,2H),4.25(t,J=5.6Hz,2H),4.07(t,J=5.6Hz,2H),1.90(s,3H)。13C NMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ170.7,162.5,141.0,129.7,127.1,124.5,61.4,44.3,20.6。
实施例26
结构式为25a的吗啉衍生物((2S,6R)-2,6-dimethyl-4-phenylmorpholine)的氧化开环(C(sp3)-C(sp3)键断裂反应):
将0.3mmol的25a(1.0当量)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.0当量)、4CzIPN(1mol%)溶于1.0mL乙腈溶剂中,在氧气氛围(氧气球)下,用9W蓝光灯在室温(r.t.)下照射24小时。反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得残余物利用硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(3:1)作为洗脱剂,得到产物25b(1-(N-phenylformamido)propan-2-yl acetate):黄色液体,收率:83%,1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.38(s,1H),7.42(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),7.31-7.28(m,1H),7.18(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),5.15–5.11(m,1H),4.02–3.93(m,2H),1.77(s,3H),1.24–1.23(m,3H)。13C NMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ170.1,162.6,141.2,129.55,126.8,124.2,68.7,48.7,20.7,17.7。
实施例27
结构式为26a的吗啉衍生物(1-(3-((2S,6R)-2,6-dimethylmorpholino)phenyl)ethan-1-one)的氧化开环(C(sp3)-C(sp3)键断裂反应):
将0.3mmol的26a(1.0当量)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.0当量)、4CzIPN(1mol%)溶于1.0mL乙腈溶剂中,在氧气氛围(氧气球)下,用9W蓝光灯在室温(r.t.)下照射24小时。反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得残余物利用硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(3:1)作为洗脱剂,得到产物26b(1-(N-(3-acetylphenyl)formamido)propan-2-yl acetate):浅黄色液体,收率:53%,1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.42(s,1H),7.88(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.83(t,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.54(t,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.41–7.39(m,1H),5.16–5.11(m,1H),4.06–3.95(m,2H),2.64(s,3H),1.81(s,3H),1.25(d,J=6.4Hz,3H)。13C NMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ196.9,170.2,162.4,141.9,138.6,130.0,128.4,126.8,123.4,68.6,49.0,26.7,20.9,17.8。HRMS(ESI):m/z:calcd for C14H17NO4(M+Na)+286.1050;found286.1048。
实施例28
结构式为27a的吗啉衍生物(1-(4-((2S,6R)-2,6-dimethylmorpholino)phenyl)ethan-1-one)的氧化开环(C(sp3)-C(sp3)键断裂反应):
将0.3mmol的27a(1.0当量)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.0当量)、4CzIPN(1mol%)溶于1.0mL乙腈溶剂中,在氧气氛围(氧气球)下,用9W蓝光灯在室温(r.t.)下照射24小时。反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得残余物利用硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(3:1)作为洗脱剂,得到产物27b(1-(N-(3-acetylphenyl)formamido)propan-2-yl acetate):浅黄色液体,收率:53%,1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.51(s,1H),8.02(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.29(d,J=10.1Hz,2H),5.17–5.13(m,1H),4.11–3.95(m,2H),2.62(s,3H),1.78(s,3H),1.25(d,J=6.5Hz,3H)。13C NMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ196.6,170.2,162.2,145.3,135.1,130.0,122.8,68.6,48.5,26.5,20.9,17.8。HRMS(ESI):m/z:calcd for C14H17NO4(M+Na)+286.1050;found 286.1053。
实施例29
结构式为28a的吗啉衍生物((2S,6R)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethylmorpholine)的氧化开环(C(sp3)-C(sp3)键断裂反应):
将0.3mmol的28a(1.0当量)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.0当量)、4CzIPN(1mol%)溶于1.0mL乙腈溶剂中,在氧气氛围(氧气球)下,用9W蓝光灯在室温(r.t.)下照射24小时。反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得残余物利用硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(4:1)作为洗脱剂,得到产物28b(1-(N-(4-chlorophenyl)formamido)propan-2-yl acetate):浅黄色液体,收率:54%,1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.35(s,1H),7.39(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.14(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),5.13–5.10(m,1H),3.99–3.90(m,2H),1.81(s,3H),1.23(d,J=6.4Hz,3H)。13C NMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ170.2,162.4,139.9,132.7,129.8,125.5,68.7,49.0,20.9,17.8。HRMS(ESI):m/z:calcd for C12H14ClNO3(M+Na)+278.0554;found278.0556。
实施例30
结构式为29a的吗啉衍生物(4-((2S,6R)-2,6-dimethylmorpholino)benzonitrile)的氧化开环(C(sp3)-C(sp3)键断裂反应):
将0.3mmol的29a(1.0当量)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.0当量)、4CzIPN(1mol%)溶于1.0mL乙腈溶剂中,在氧气氛围(氧气球)下,用9W蓝光灯在室温(r.t.)下照射24小时。反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得残余物利用硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(3:1)作为洗脱剂,得到产物29b(1-(N-(4-cyanophenyl)formamido)propan-2-yl acetate):浅黄色液体,收率:52%,1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.50(s,1H),7.74(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.33(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),5.18–5.12(m,1H),4.11–4.08(m,1H),3.96–3.92(m,1H),1.79(s,3H),1.25(d,J=6.5Hz,3H)。13C NMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ170.1,161.9,145.3,133.7,123.3,118.0,110.1,68.6,48.6,20.8,17.8。HRMS(ESI):m/z:calcd for C13H14N2O3(M+Na)+269.0897;found 269.0894。
实施例31
结构式为30a的吗啉衍生物((2S,6R)-4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2,6-dimethylmorpholine)的氧化开环(C(sp3)-C(sp3)键断裂反应):
将0.3mmol的30a(1.0当量)、2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.0当量)、4CzIPN(1mol%)溶于1.0mL乙腈溶剂中,在氧气氛围(氧气球)下,用9W蓝光灯在室温(r.t.)下照射24小时。反应完毕后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,所得残余物利用硅胶快速色谱纯化,使用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(5:1)作为洗脱剂,得到产物30b(1-(N-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)formamido)propan-2-ylacetate):黄色液体,收率:61%,1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.34(s,1H),6.93(s,1H),6.78(s,2H),5.13–5.10(m,1H),3.99–3.88(m,2H),2.33(s,6H),1.81(s,3H),1.23(d,J=6.4Hz,3H)。13C NMR(151MHz,Chloroform-d)δ170.3,162.8,141.1,139.4,128.6,122.06,68.8,48.9,21.2,20.8,17.8。HRMS(ESI):m/z:calcd for C14H19NO3(M+Na)+272.1257;found272.1256。
从实施例2~31开环产物的收率来看,当N-苯基吗啉上的苯环被不同取代基(-Cl、-Br、-CN、-COOMe)在不同位置取代时,均能得到良好的收率。但是,由于空间位阻的原因,苯环上邻位取代基为甲基(-Me)的反应效果远不及对位取代的反应效果。羧基在本发明中也是耐受的,但由于其在乙腈中的溶解性不好,延长反应时间至54小时,仍有部分原料剩余,这也导致了反应物10a(4-morpholinobenzoic acid)在本发明中得到的收率较低。当苯环上具有双取代的吸电子基或者给电子基时,反应效果良好。除此之外,当吗啉环上的N被吡啶、苯并杂环以及联苯灯基团取代时,反应也能顺利进行,并得到中等收率。当吗啉环的不同位置被-Me取代时,反应效果良好,能得到52~83%的收率。除吗啉环以外,22a(1-phenylpiperidine)在本发明中也能实现C(sp3)-C(sp3)的氧化裂解,而这在之前的工作中是无法实现的。
实施例32
按照实施例2的开环反应,改变开环过程中的某一项条件而其他条件不变,其对应的改变条件和得到的1b化合物的收率如下所示:
1、按照表1中设置反应条件,其收率如表1所示。
表1反应条件对收率反应的影响
a反应条件:1a(0.3mmol),4CzIPN(1mol%),MeCN(10mL),2,6-二甲基吡啶(1.0当量),氧气氛围,9W蓝光灯在室温下照射。反应收率是通过硅胶色谱柱分离得到。
实验结果表明,当缺少光照、光催化剂4CzIPN以及氧气中的任一条件时,化合物1b仅有痕量收率甚至难以合成,因此这三者在反应体系中都十分重要。
机理探究
通过以下的反应式中的一系列实验来探究本发明涉及的吗啉衍生物氧化开环的方法(可见光促进吗啉衍生物C(sp3)-C(sp3)键断裂)的反应机理,
研究发现:在与实施例1中完全相同的实验条件下,加入2.0当量的自由基捕获剂(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧化物(TEMPO)或者2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(BHT))时,未检测到明显的目标产物2b(如(a)和(b)所示)。这说明该方法的反应过程中可能涉及自由基的过程。为了探究产物中羰基氧的来源,发明人进行了18O的同位素标记实验,通过高分辨质谱(HRMS)捕获到了18O标记的产物,这说明氧气是产物中羰基氧的来源(如(c)所示)。另外荧光猝灭实验结果如图1所示,该实验表明1a(N-苯基吗啉)可以有效地猝灭激发态的光催化剂4CzIPN*。循环伏安实验结果指出,1a的氧化势能为+1.030V(Eox=+1.030V vs SCE inMeCN),这说明1a可以通过单电子转移的方式还原猝灭激发态的光催化剂4CzIPN*(Eox=+1.35V vs SCE in MeCN)。此外,开关灯实验表明1b的收率在黑暗条件下没有明显增长(如图2所示),联系量子产率(Φ=0.088)的计算结果,进一步证明本发明吗啉衍生物氧化开环的方法的反应过程不涉及自由基链增长的过程。
基于以上结论,提出本发明吗啉衍生物氧化开环的方法的反应机理,如图3所示(以化合物1a的反应为例):首先,在可见光照射下,光催化剂4CzIPN被激发,成为激发态的4CzIPN*。4CzIPN*与1a经历一个单电子转移过程,生成高活性的自由基阳离子A以及还原态的4CzIPN-。4CzIPN-被氧气氧化为4CzIPN,同时产生超氧根阴离子O2 ·-。超氧根阴离子O2 ·-夺取自由基阳离子A的α-位的H原子后,释放出过氧化氢自由基HOO·以及活性中间体B,随后B被氧气O2捕获后形成过氧自由基C。在HOO·的协助下,C失去H原子后形成容易分解的二氧杂环丁烷D,最后得到目标产物1b。
实施例33
按照实施例2的开环方法,改变开环过程中的光催化剂种类、有机溶剂、光催化剂添加量、照射光源、添加剂种类、、添加剂添加量等对吗啉衍生物开环反应的影响,具体如下:
1、研究开环反应过程中光催化剂种类对吗啉衍生物开环反应结果的影响
分别测试了过渡金属复合物以及有机染料两类光催化剂对开环反应的影响。实验结果如表2所示,结果表明,(4,4'-二叔丁基-2,2'-联吡啶)双[(2-吡啶基)苯基]铱(III)六氟磷酸盐([Ir(dtbbpy)(ppy)2][PF6])、玫瑰红、吖啶高氯酸盐和2,4,5,6-四(9-咔唑基)-间苯二腈(4CzIPN)均能催化吗啉衍生物发生开环反应。
表2光催化剂种类对吗啉衍生物开环反应结果的影响
a反应条件:1a(0.3mmol),光催化剂(1mol%),DMF(1mL),氧气氛围,9W蓝光灯在室温下照射。反应收率是通过硅胶色谱柱分离得到。
2、研究开环反应过程中有机溶剂种类对吗啉衍生物开环反应结果的影响
表3有机溶剂种类对吗啉衍生物开环反应结果的影响
a反应条件:1a(0.3mmol),4CzIPN(1mol%),溶剂(1mL),氧气氛围,9W蓝光灯在室温下照射。反应收率是通过硅胶色谱柱分离得到。
在有机合成中,溶剂在反应中起着至关重要的作用。本发明分别筛选了乙醇(EtOH)、六氟异丙醇(HFIP)、MeCN、DMF、DMSO、CH2Cl2、甲苯作为有机溶剂,观察其对氧化开环反应的影响。当EtOH、HFIP、CH2Cl2以及甲苯作为溶剂时,仅有微量产物生成,甚至没有目标产物生成。DMF和DMSO作为溶剂时,反应效果良好,但都不及MeCN作为溶剂时的反应效果。
3、研究开环反应过程中光催化剂(4CzIPN)的添加量对吗啉衍生物开环反应结果的影响
表4光催化剂(4CzIPN)的添加量对吗啉衍生物开环反应结果的影响
a反应条件:1a(0.3mmol),4CzIPN(x mol%),MeCN(1mL),氧气氛围,9W蓝光灯在室温下照射。反应收率是通过硅胶色谱柱分离得到。
从0.5~3mol%的范围对光敏剂4CzIPN的用量进行了筛选。实验结果表明,当使用的4CzIPN的用量为0.5~3mol%范围时,都能够催化吗啉衍生物的开环反应。
4、研究开环反应过程中照射时采用的光源对吗啉衍生物开环反应结果的影响
表5照射时采用的光源对吗啉衍生物开环反应结果的影响
a反应条件:1a(0.3mmol),4CzIPN(1mol%),MeCN(1mL),氧气氛围,室温下照射。反应收率是通过硅胶色谱柱分离得到。
分别筛选了蓝光、绿光以及白光对实验结果的影响。当绿光作为光源时,未检测到目标产物,23~32W的紧凑型荧光灯作为光源时,能够促使吗啉衍生物的开环反应,产率为7~33%,有少量产物生成;7~12W的蓝光灯作为光源时,同样能够促使吗啉衍生物的开环反应,产率为42~65%。
5、研究开环反应过程中添加剂的种类对吗啉衍生物开环反应结果的影响
筛选了不同添加剂对反应的影响:三乙胺、1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯(DBU)、三乙烯二胺(DABCO)以及三氟乙酸极大地遏制了反应的进行,吡啶、2,6二甲基吡啶以及碳酸氢钠最为添加剂均能够促使吗啉衍生物的开环反应。
表6添加剂的种类对吗啉衍生物开环反应结果的影响
a反应条件:1a(0.3mmol),4CzIPN(1mol%),MeCN(1mL),添加剂(1.0当量),氧气氛围,9W蓝光灯在室温下照射。反应收率是通过硅胶色谱柱分离得到。
6、研究开环反应过程中添加剂的用量对吗啉衍生物开环反应结果的影响
探究了分别添加0~3.0当量的添加剂(以2,6-二甲基吡啶为例)对反应的影响。随着2,6二甲基吡啶的用量逐渐增加,反应的产率也逐渐增加,当用量增至1.0当量时,反应得到的产率最高。
表6添加剂的种类对吗啉衍生物开环反应结果的影响
a反应条件:1a(0.3mmol),4CzIPN(1mol%),MeCN(1mL),2,6-二甲基吡啶(x当量),氧气氛围,9W蓝光灯在室温下照射。反应收率是通过硅胶色谱柱分离得到。
综上所述,在可见光诱导C(sp3)-C(sp3)键裂解的设计理念的启发下,已经成功发展了本发明的这种可见光促进吗啉衍生物C(sp3)-C(sp3)键氧化裂解的方法。本发明所涉及的吗啉衍生物氧化开环的方法,是以可见光为能源、以O2为最终氧化剂,裂解没有环应力的C(sp3)-C(sp3)键,避免了过渡金属、高温、高压以及化学当量的危险氧化剂的使用,并建立了良好的官能团耐受性,获得了30种底物,产率高达83%,为实现吗啉衍生物在温和条件下的氧化裂解提供了补充方案。
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本技术方案的宗旨和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (10)
1.一种吗啉衍生物氧化开环的方法,其特征在于,所述方法具体为:将吗啉衍生物溶于有机溶剂,添加光催化剂、添加剂、在氧气氛围下用蓝光灯或紧凑型白光灯照射即可实现吗啉衍生物氧化开环;
所述添加剂为2,6-二甲基吡啶、吡啶或碳酸氢钠中的任意一种;
所述光催化剂为2,4,5,6-四(9-咔唑基)-间苯二腈、(4,4'-二叔丁基-2,2'-联吡啶)双[(2-吡啶基)苯基]铱(III)六氟磷酸盐、玫瑰红或吖啶高氯酸盐中的任意一种。
3.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述蓝光灯的功率为7~12W,所述紧凑型白光灯的功率为23~32W。
4.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述照射时间为24~54h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂为乙腈、甲苯、DMSO或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的任意一种。
6.根据权利要求1~5任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法的具体步骤如下:
(1)依次加入吗啉衍生物、光催化剂、添加剂,充分溶解在有机溶剂中,在密封的氧气氛围用蓝光灯或紧凑型白光灯照射进行反应,反应过程用TLC监测,监测到体系中的吗啉衍生物反应完即可结束反应;
(2)反应结束后进行减压蒸馏,浓缩反应混合物得到粗产物;
(3)将粗产物进行柱层析分离提纯即可。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述吗啉衍生物和添加剂的摩尔比为1:0.5~3.0;所述吗啉衍生物和光催化剂的摩尔比为1:0.5%~3.0%。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述柱层析采用的洗脱剂为石油醚和乙酸乙酯的混合物。
9.根据权利要求1~7任一项所述的方法氧化开环得到的产物。
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