CN113072314A - Treatment method of household garbage incineration fly ash - Google Patents
Treatment method of household garbage incineration fly ash Download PDFInfo
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- CN113072314A CN113072314A CN202110391198.0A CN202110391198A CN113072314A CN 113072314 A CN113072314 A CN 113072314A CN 202110391198 A CN202110391198 A CN 202110391198A CN 113072314 A CN113072314 A CN 113072314A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B12/00—Cements not provided for in groups C04B7/00 - C04B11/00
- C04B12/005—Geopolymer cements, e.g. reaction products of aluminosilicates with alkali metal hydroxides or silicates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/06—Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
- C04B18/10—Burned or pyrolised refuse
- C04B18/105—Gaseous combustion products or dusts collected from waste incineration, e.g. sludge resulting from the purification of gaseous combustion products of waste incineration
- C04B18/106—Fly ash from waste incinerators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/006—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers of the Davidovits type
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of waste resource utilization and environmental protection, in particular to a method for treating fly ash generated by burning household garbage. The processing method comprises the following steps: stirring and mixing, alkali excitation, molding and maintaining. Specifically, firstly, stirring and mixing the household garbage incineration fly ash and a silicon-aluminum modifier according to a mass ratio of (80:20) - (90:10) to obtain a first mixture; then adding an alkali activator into the first mixture to react to obtain a geopolymer, wherein the mass of the alkali activator accounts for 25-35% of the sum of the mass of the household garbage incineration fly ash and the mass of the silicon-aluminum modifier; and finally, carrying out pressure forming and curing on the geopolymer to obtain a processed formed sample. The treatment method ensures that the treated fly ash from the incineration of the household garbage has good heavy metal curing effect while ensuring the volume reduction, and avoids the potential danger of leaching of the heavy metal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of waste resource utilization and environmental protection, in particular to a method for treating fly ash generated by burning household garbage.
Background
The municipal solid waste incineration fly ash contains a large amount of heavy metals, is imported by national hazardous waste records and is classified as hazardous waste, and can be landfilled after being subjected to harmless treatment. In the related art, the curing treatment is often performed by means of adding cement or asphalt. Although the leaching of heavy metals in fly ash can be effectively reduced after the cement or asphalt is solidified, the fly ash burned by the household garbage is increased in volume, and the cement and the asphalt are only used for mechanically solidifying the heavy metals, so that potential dangers are easily caused once a solidified body is cracked.
Disclosure of Invention
The application discloses a method for treating fly ash from incineration of household garbage, and the fly ash from incineration of household garbage treated by the method has good heavy metal curing effect while ensuring volume reduction, and avoids potential danger of leaching of heavy metal.
The application discloses a treatment method of household garbage incineration fly ash, which comprises the following steps:
stirring and mixing: stirring and mixing the household garbage incineration fly ash and a silicon-aluminum modifier according to the mass ratio of (80:20) - (90:10) to obtain a first mixture;
alkali excitation: adding an alkali activator into the first mixture to react to obtain a geopolymer, wherein the mass of the alkali activator accounts for 25-35% of the sum of the mass of the waste incineration fly ash and the mass of the silicon-aluminum modifier;
forming and maintaining: and (3) carrying out pressure forming and curing on the geopolymer to obtain a processed formed sample.
It is understood that the mass ratio of the fly ash from incineration of domestic waste to the silicon-aluminum modifier in the stirring and mixing step is (80:20) - (90:10) in any ratio within the range of the mass ratio, for example, the mass ratio of the fly ash from incineration of domestic waste to the silicon-aluminum modifier is 80:20, 82:18, 85:15, 87:23 or 90: 10. In the alkali-activating step, the mass of the alkali-activator in the total mass of the waste incineration fly ash and the silicon-aluminum modifier is 25% to 35% of the total mass of the waste incineration fly ash and the silicon-aluminum modifier, and the mass of the alkali-activator is, for example, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35% of the total mass of the waste incineration fly ash and the silicon-aluminum modifier.
Further, in the molding and curing step, the polymer is molded by applying a pressure of 10 to 30 MPa.
It is understood that the pressure applied to the polymer in the molding and curing step is 10 to 30MPa, and the pressure applied to the polymer is, for example, 10MPa, 12MPa, 15MPa, 17MPa, 20MPa, 22MPa, 25MPa, 27MPa, or 30 MPa.
Further, the mass ratio of the household garbage incineration fly ash to the silicon-aluminum modifier is 80:20, the mass of the alkali activator accounts for 25% of the sum of the mass of the household garbage incineration fly ash and the mass of the silicon-aluminum modifier, and the polymer is molded under the pressure of 30 MPa.
Further, in the step of molding and curing, the time for applying pressure was 3 min.
Further, in the step of stirring and mixing, the domestic waste incineration fly ash and the silicon-aluminum modifier are ground, stirred and mixed, and the mass ratio of the grinding material used for grinding to the sum of the mass of the domestic waste incineration fly ash and the mass of the silicon-aluminum modifier is 2:1, the grinding speed is 300-400 rpm, and the grinding time is 30 min.
It is understood that the rotation speed of the grinding is 300-400 rpm, which can be any value within the range, for example, the rotation speed can be 300rpm, 320rpm, 340rpm, 360rpm, 380rpm, 400 rpm. Further, it is characterized in that, in the step of alkali excitation, the reaction time is 30 min.
Further, the alkali activator is formed by mixing an alkali solution and a water glass solution, the alkali solution is a sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution, the modulus of the water glass solution is 3.2, and the mass ratio of the alkali solution to the water glass is (12:100) - (16: 100).
It is understood that the mass ratio of the alkali solution to the water glass is (12:100) to (16:100) and refers to any value within the range of the mass ratio, for example, the mass ratio of the alkali solution to the water glass is 12:100, 13:100, 14:100, 15:100, 16: 100.
Further, in the step of forming and curing, after forming, heating and curing are carried out for 64-84 hours under the condition of 60-80 ℃, and then natural curing is carried out under the condition of room temperature.
It is understood that the heat curing at 60 ℃ to 80 ℃ after molding means that the heat curing can be performed at any temperature within the temperature range, for example, at 60 ℃, 62 ℃, 65 ℃, 67 ℃, 70 ℃, 72 ℃, 75 ℃, 77 ℃ and 80 ℃.
Further, the silicon-aluminum modifying agent is one or more of metakaolin, red mud, steel slag and aluminosilicate-containing minerals.
Further, the compression strength of the shaped sample is greater than or equal to 15 MPa.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention ensures that the treated fly ash from the incineration of the household garbage has good heavy metal solidification effect while ensuring the volume reduction, and avoids the potential danger of leaching the heavy metal.
Specifically, the method comprises the steps of stirring and mixing the household garbage incineration fly ash and the silicon-aluminum modifier, adding the alkali activator, stirring and mixing, uniformly stirring the three, applying pressure to the mixture to perform forming and volume reduction, and finally curing the formed sample.
On one hand, when the mass ratio of the household garbage incineration fly ash to the silicon-aluminum modifier is (80:20) - (90:10), and the mass of the alkali activator is 25% -35% of the sum of the mass of the household garbage incineration fly ash and the mass of the silicon-aluminum modifier, under the action of the alkali activator, Si-O bonds and Al-O bonds in the household garbage incineration fly ash and the silicon-aluminum modifier are broken and recombined to form an irregular three-dimensional reticular geopolymer, the geopolymer shows electronegativity, heavy metals in the household garbage incineration fly ash participate in the reaction process in a charge balancing or network filling body mode, so that the heavy metals are solidified and stabilized in an ionic bond or covalent bond mode, and the applicant proves that the heavy metals are good in solidification and stabilization effect and are not easy to leach out due to the material ratio in the invention. In addition, substances in the alkali activator can well react with substances in the silicon-aluminum modifier and the household garbage incineration fly ash to generate a calcium silicate polymer, and heavy metals can be solidified on the surface of the calcium silicate polymer in adsorption, ion exchange and other modes, so that the heavy metals in the household garbage incineration fly ash are further well solidified.
On the other hand, in the present invention, the geopolymer is molded by applying pressure thereto, and at this time, the geopolymer can be compressed into a small volume for volume reduction. Importantly, after the pressure is applied, the alkali activator, the household garbage incineration fly ash and the silicon-aluminum modifier in the second mixture can be fully contacted, and the obtained molded sample has good mechanical property, so that the heavy metal in the household garbage incineration fly ash can be further well fixed in the molded sample, and the defect of heavy metal leaching caused by the fracture of the molded sample is avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a processing method according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the present invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "center", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal", and the like indicate an orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. These terms are used primarily to better describe the invention and its embodiments and are not intended to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to a particular orientation or to be constructed and operated in a particular orientation.
Moreover, some of the above terms may be used to indicate other meanings besides the orientation or positional relationship, for example, the term "on" may also be used to indicate some kind of attachment or connection relationship in some cases. The specific meanings of these terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art as appropriate.
Furthermore, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "provided," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or a unitary construction; can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be in internal communication between two devices, elements or components. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific situations.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used primarily to distinguish one device, element, or component from another (the specific nature and configuration may be the same or different), and are not used to indicate or imply the relative importance or number of the indicated devices, elements, or components. "plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
The technical solution of the present application will be further described with reference to the following embodiments and accompanying drawings.
The embodiment in this application all adopts the flying ash that certain domestic waste incineration power plant sack cleaner of Guangdong province collected. Wherein, the main components of the fly ash from the incineration of the household garbage and the added metakaolin are shown in the table 1. The domestic waste incineration fly ash sample is subjected to leaching toxicity test according to HJ/T300-2007 (solid waste leaching toxicity leaching method acetic acid buffer solution method), heavy metal concentration test of the leachate is performed by adopting an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method, and the analysis result is shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1 fly ash from incineration of household garbage and metakaolin as main components
TABLE 2 concentration of heavy metals in fly ash leachate from incineration of household garbage and allowable landfill limit
As can be seen from Table 2, the heavy metals Zn, Pb and Cd in the fly ash from incineration of household garbage in the embodiment of the present application exceed the standards, and the content of the rest heavy metals is low, so that the embodiment of the present application mainly considers the curing effect on the heavy metals Zn, Pb and Cd in the fly ash from incineration of household garbage.
It should be noted that, the silicon-aluminum modifier in the embodiment of the present application is different from the modifier used in the sludge dewatering process, and the silicon-aluminum modifier in the embodiment of the present application refers to a material rich in silicon-aluminum compound, which has a certain chemical activity and can play a certain auxiliary role in a chemical reaction. In addition, when the waste incineration fly ash and the silicon-aluminum modifier are ground, stirred and mixed in the embodiment of the application, the mass ratio of the grinding material used for grinding to the sum of the mass of the domestic waste incineration fly ash and the mass of the silicon-aluminum modifier is 2:1, which simply means that: the mass of the grinding material is A, the sum of the mass of the domestic garbage incineration fly ash and the mass of the silicon-aluminum modifier is B, and the ratio of A to B is 2: 1.
Example one
The embodiment provides a method for treating fly ash generated by burning household garbage, which comprises the following steps:
stirring and mixing: weighing 90g of domestic waste incineration fly ash and 10g of silicon-aluminum modifier, and fully grinding, stirring and mixing to obtain a first mixture. The mass ratio of the grinding material used for grinding to the sum of the household garbage incineration fly ash and the silicon-aluminum modifying agent is 2:1, the grinding speed is 300-400 rpm, and the grinding time is 30min, so that a first mixture is obtained. Wherein the silicon-aluminum modifier is metakaolin.
Alkali excitation: to the first mixture was added 30g of an alkali-activator, and stirring was continued for 30min to obtain a geopolymer. Wherein the alkali activator is prepared from sodium hydroxide and water glass solution (the mass ratio is 12: 100).
Forming and maintaining: putting the geopolymer into a stainless steel die, placing the stainless steel die on a hydraulic press, applying the pressure of 10MPa to press, demoulding a sample after pressing for 3min, placing the sample into an oven, curing for 3 days at the temperature of 60 ℃, obtaining a formed sample 1 after natural curing for 28 days, and then carrying out strength and heavy metal leaching tests on the formed sample 1, wherein the test results are shown in Table 4.
Example two
The embodiment provides a method for treating fly ash generated by burning household garbage, which comprises the following steps:
stirring and mixing: weighing 90g of household garbage incineration fly ash and 10g of metakaolin, fully grinding, stirring and mixing to obtain a first mixture. The mass ratio of the grinding material used for grinding to the sum of the household garbage incineration fly ash and the silicon-aluminum modifying agent is 2:1, the grinding speed is 300-400 rpm, and the grinding time is 30min, so that a first mixture is obtained. Wherein the silicon-aluminum modifier is metakaolin.
Alkali excitation: to the first mixture was added 25g of an alkali activator, and stirring was continued for 30min to obtain a geopolymer. Wherein the alkali activator is prepared from sodium hydroxide and water glass solution (the mass ratio is 12: 100).
Forming and maintaining: putting the geopolymer into a stainless steel die, placing the stainless steel die on a hydraulic press, applying a pressure of 20MPa to press, demoulding a sample after pressing for 3min, placing the sample into an oven, curing for 3 days at 70 ℃, obtaining a formed sample 2 after natural curing for 28 days, and then carrying out strength and heavy metal leaching tests on the formed sample 2, wherein the test results are shown in Table 4.
EXAMPLE III
The embodiment provides a method for treating fly ash generated by burning household garbage, which comprises the following steps:
stirring and mixing: weighing 90g of household garbage incineration fly ash and 10g of metakaolin, fully grinding, stirring and mixing to obtain a first mixture. The mass ratio of the grinding material used for grinding to the sum of the household garbage incineration fly ash and the silicon-aluminum modifying agent is 2:1, the grinding speed is 300-400 rpm, and the grinding time is 30min, so that a first mixture is obtained. Wherein the silicon-aluminum modifier is metakaolin.
Alkali excitation: to the first mixture was added 25g of an alkali activator, and stirring was continued for 30min to obtain a geopolymer. Wherein the alkali activator is prepared from sodium hydroxide and water glass solution (the mass ratio is 12: 100).
Forming and maintaining: putting the geopolymer into a stainless steel die, placing the stainless steel die on a hydraulic press, applying a pressure of 30MPa for pressing, demoulding a sample after pressing for 3min, placing the sample into an oven, curing for 3 days at 80 ℃, obtaining a formed sample 3 after natural curing for 28 days, and then carrying out strength and heavy metal leaching tests on the formed sample 3, wherein the test results are shown in Table 4.
Example four
The embodiment provides a method for treating fly ash generated by burning household garbage, which comprises the following steps:
stirring and mixing: weighing 80g of household garbage incineration fly ash and 20g of metakaolin, fully grinding, stirring and mixing to obtain a first mixture. The mass ratio of the grinding material used for grinding to the sum of the household garbage incineration fly ash and the silicon-aluminum modifying agent is 2:1, the grinding speed is 300-400 rpm, and the grinding time is 30min, so that a first mixture is obtained. Wherein the silicon-aluminum modifier is metakaolin.
Alkali excitation: to the first mixture was added 25g of an alkali activator, and stirring was continued for 30min to obtain a geopolymer. Wherein the alkali activator is prepared from sodium hydroxide and water glass solution (the mass ratio is 12: 100).
Forming and maintaining: putting the geopolymer into a stainless steel die, placing the stainless steel die on a hydraulic press, applying the pressure of 10MPa to press, demoulding a sample after pressing for 3min, placing the sample into an oven, curing for 3 days at the temperature of 60 ℃, obtaining a formed sample 4 after natural curing for 28 days, and then carrying out strength and heavy metal leaching tests on the formed sample 4, wherein the test results are shown in Table 4.
EXAMPLE five
The embodiment provides a method for treating fly ash generated by burning household garbage, which comprises the following steps:
stirring and mixing: weighing 80g of household garbage incineration fly ash and 20g of metakaolin, fully grinding, stirring and mixing to obtain a first mixture. The mass ratio of the grinding material used for grinding to the sum of the household garbage incineration fly ash and the silicon-aluminum modifying agent is 2:1, the grinding speed is 300-400 rpm, and the grinding time is 30min, so that a first mixture is obtained. Wherein the silicon-aluminum modifier is metakaolin.
Alkali excitation: to the first mixture was added 25g of an alkali activator, and stirring was continued for 30min to obtain a geopolymer. Wherein the alkali activator is prepared from sodium hydroxide and water glass solution (the mass ratio is 12: 100).
Forming and maintaining: putting the geopolymer into a stainless steel die, placing the stainless steel die on a hydraulic press, applying a pressure of 20MPa to press, demoulding a sample after pressing for 3min, placing the sample into an oven, curing for 3 days at 70 ℃, obtaining a formed sample 5 after natural curing for 28 days, and then carrying out strength and heavy metal leaching tests on the formed sample 5, wherein the test results are shown in Table 4.
EXAMPLE six
The embodiment provides a method for treating fly ash generated by burning household garbage, which comprises the following steps:
stirring and mixing: weighing 80g of household garbage incineration fly ash and 20g of metakaolin, fully grinding, stirring and mixing to obtain a first mixture. The mass ratio of the grinding material used for grinding to the sum of the household garbage incineration fly ash and the silicon-aluminum modifying agent is 2:1, the grinding speed is 300-400 rpm, and the grinding time is 30min, so that a first mixture is obtained. Wherein the silicon-aluminum modifier is metakaolin.
Alkali excitation: to the first mixture was added 25g of an alkali activator, and stirring was continued for 30min to obtain a geopolymer. Wherein the alkali activator is prepared from sodium hydroxide and water glass solution (the mass ratio is 12: 100).
Forming and maintaining: putting the geopolymer into a stainless steel die, placing the stainless steel die on a hydraulic press, applying a pressure of 30MPa for pressing, demoulding a sample after pressing for 3min, placing the sample into an oven, curing for 3 days at 80 ℃, obtaining a formed sample 6 after natural curing for 28 days, and then carrying out strength and heavy metal leaching tests on the formed sample 6, wherein the test results are shown in Table 4.
EXAMPLE seven
Stirring and mixing: weighing 90g of domestic waste incineration fly ash and 10g of silicon-aluminum modifier, and fully grinding, stirring and mixing to obtain a first mixture. The mass ratio of the grinding material used for grinding to the sum of the household garbage incineration fly ash and the silicon-aluminum modifying agent is 2:1, the grinding speed is 300-400 rpm, and the grinding time is 30min, so that a first mixture is obtained. Wherein the silicon-aluminum modifier is metakaolin.
Alkali excitation: to the first mixture was added 30g of an alkali-activator, and stirring was continued for 30min to obtain a geopolymer. Wherein the alkali activator is prepared from sodium hydroxide and water glass solution (the mass ratio is 14: 100).
Forming and maintaining: putting the geopolymer into a stainless steel die, placing the stainless steel die on a hydraulic press, applying the pressure of 10MPa to press, demoulding a sample after pressing for 3min, placing the sample into an oven, curing for 3 days at the temperature of 60 ℃, obtaining a formed sample 1 after natural curing for 28 days, and then carrying out strength and heavy metal leaching tests on a formed sample 7, wherein the test results are shown in Table 4.
Example eight
Stirring and mixing: weighing 90g of domestic waste incineration fly ash and 10g of silicon-aluminum modifier, and fully grinding, stirring and mixing to obtain a first mixture. The mass ratio of the grinding material used for grinding to the sum of the household garbage incineration fly ash and the silicon-aluminum modifying agent is 2:1, the grinding speed is 300-400 rpm, and the grinding time is 30min, so that a first mixture is obtained. Wherein the silicon-aluminum modifier is red mud.
Alkali excitation: to the first mixture was added 30g of an alkali-activator, and stirring was continued for 30min to obtain a geopolymer. Wherein the alkali activator is prepared from sodium hydroxide and water glass solution (the mass ratio is 14: 100).
Forming and maintaining: putting the geopolymer into a stainless steel die, placing the stainless steel die on a hydraulic press, applying the pressure of 10MPa to press, demoulding a sample after pressing for 3min, placing the sample into an oven, curing for 3 days at the temperature of 60 ℃, obtaining a formed sample 1 after natural curing for 28 days, and then carrying out strength and heavy metal leaching tests on the formed sample 8, wherein the test results are shown in Table 4.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a method for treating fly ash generated by burning household garbage, which comprises the following steps:
stirring and mixing: weighing 95g of domestic waste incineration fly ash and 5g of metakaolin, fully grinding, stirring and mixing to obtain a first mixture. The mass ratio of the grinding material used for grinding to the sum of the household garbage incineration fly ash and the silicon-aluminum modifying agent is 2:1, the grinding speed is 300-400 rpm, and the grinding time is 30min, so that a first mixture is obtained. Wherein the silicon-aluminum modifier is metakaolin. .
Alkali excitation: to the first mixture was added 30g of an alkali-activator, and stirring was continued for 30min to obtain a geopolymer. Wherein the alkali activator is prepared from sodium hydroxide and water glass solution (the mass ratio is 12: 100).
Forming and maintaining: putting the geopolymer into a stainless steel die, placing the stainless steel die on a hydraulic press, applying the pressure of 10MPa to press, demoulding a sample after pressing for 3min, placing the sample into an oven, curing for 3 days at the temperature of 60 ℃, obtaining a control sample 1 after natural curing for 28 days, and then carrying out strength and heavy metal leaching tests on the control sample 1, wherein the test results are shown in Table 4.
Comparative example No. two
The comparative example provides a method for treating fly ash generated by burning household garbage, which comprises the following steps:
stirring and mixing: weighing 90g of household garbage incineration fly ash and 10g of metakaolin, fully grinding, stirring and mixing to obtain a first mixture. The mass ratio of the grinding material used for grinding to the sum of the household garbage incineration fly ash and the silicon-aluminum modifying agent is 2:1, the grinding speed is 300-400 rpm, and the grinding time is 30min, so that a first mixture is obtained. Wherein the silicon-aluminum modifier is metakaolin.
Alkali excitation: 15g of an alkali activator was added to the first mixture, and stirring was continued for 30min to obtain a geopolymer. Wherein the alkali activator is prepared from sodium hydroxide and water glass solution (the mass ratio is 12: 100).
Forming and maintaining: putting the geopolymer into a stainless steel die, placing the stainless steel die on a hydraulic press, applying the pressure of 10MPa to press, demoulding a sample after pressing for 3min, placing the sample into an oven, curing for 3 days at the temperature of 60 ℃, obtaining a control sample 2 after natural curing for 28 days, and then carrying out strength and heavy metal leaching tests on the control sample 2, wherein the test results are shown in Table 4.
Comparative example No. three
The comparative example provides a method for treating fly ash generated by burning household garbage, which comprises the following steps:
stirring and mixing: weighing 90g of household garbage incineration fly ash and 10g of metakaolin, fully grinding, stirring and mixing to obtain a first mixture. The mass ratio of the grinding material used for grinding to the sum of the household garbage incineration fly ash and the silicon-aluminum modifying agent is 2:1, the grinding speed is 300-400 rpm, and the grinding time is 30min, so that a first mixture is obtained. Wherein the silicon-aluminum modifier is metakaolin.
Alkali excitation: to the first mixture was added 30g of an alkali-activator, and stirring was continued for 30min to obtain a geopolymer. Wherein the alkali activator is prepared from sodium hydroxide and water glass solution (the mass ratio is 12: 100).
Forming and maintaining: putting the geopolymer into a stainless steel die, placing the stainless steel die on a hydraulic press, applying pressure of 35MPa to press the geopolymer, demoulding a sample after pressing for 3min, placing the sample into an oven, curing the sample for 3 days at the temperature of 60 ℃, obtaining a control sample 3 after natural curing for 28 days, and then carrying out strength and heavy metal leaching tests on the control sample 3, wherein the test results are shown in Table 4.
Comparative example No. four
The comparative example provides a method for treating fly ash generated by burning household garbage, which comprises the following steps:
stirring and mixing: 100g of domestic waste incineration fly ash and 0g of metakaolin are weighed, fully ground, stirred and mixed to obtain a first mixture. The mass ratio of the grinding material used for grinding to the sum of the household garbage incineration fly ash and the silicon-aluminum modifying agent is 2:1, the grinding speed is 300-400 rpm, and the grinding time is 30min, so that a first mixture is obtained. Wherein the silicon-aluminum modifier is metakaolin.
Alkali excitation: to the first mixture was added 30g of an alkali-activator, and stirring was continued for 30min to obtain a geopolymer. Wherein the alkali activator is prepared from sodium hydroxide and water glass solution (the mass ratio is 12: 100).
Forming and maintaining: putting the geopolymer into a stainless steel die, placing the stainless steel die on a hydraulic press, applying the pressure of 10MPa to press, demoulding a sample after pressing for 3min, placing the sample into an oven, curing for 3 days at the temperature of 60 ℃, obtaining a control sample 4 after natural curing for 28 days, and then carrying out strength and heavy metal leaching tests on the control sample 4, wherein the test results are shown in Table 4.
Comparative example five
The comparative example provides a method for treating fly ash generated by burning household garbage, which comprises the following steps:
stirring and mixing: weighing 90g of household garbage incineration fly ash and 10g of metakaolin, fully grinding, stirring and mixing to obtain a first mixture. The mass ratio of the grinding material used for grinding to the sum of the household garbage incineration fly ash and the silicon-aluminum modifying agent is 2:1, the grinding speed is 300-400 rpm, and the grinding time is 30min, so that a first mixture is obtained. Wherein the silicon-aluminum modifier is metakaolin.
Alkali excitation: to the first mixture was added 30g of an alkali-activator, and stirring was continued for 30min to obtain a geopolymer. Wherein the alkali activator is prepared from sodium hydroxide and water glass solution (the mass ratio is 12: 100).
Forming and maintaining: putting the geopolymer into a stainless steel die, placing the stainless steel die on a hydraulic press, applying pressure of 5MPa to press the geopolymer, demoulding a sample after pressing for 3min, placing the sample into an oven, curing the sample for 3 days at the temperature of 60 ℃, obtaining a control sample 5 after natural curing for 28 days, and then carrying out strength and heavy metal leaching tests on the control sample 5, wherein the test results are shown in Table 4.
The experimental conditions of examples one to six and comparative examples one to five are collated and shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Experimental conditions for examples one to six and comparative examples one to five
TABLE 4 compression Strength test and heavy Metal Leaching test results of the shaped samples
As can be seen from table 4, the compression strength and the leaching amount of heavy metals of the formed samples 1 to 6 were significantly lower than those of the control samples 1 to 5, and the compression strength was the best in the formed sample 6 and the leaching amount of heavy metals was relatively less. This shows that the formed samples prepared in the first to sixth embodiments have better and more stable curing effect on heavy metals, and meanwhile, the formed samples have better compressive strength, thereby avoiding potential danger caused by leakage of heavy metals.
In particular, the fly ash from the incineration of the municipal solid waste mainly comprises CaO and SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3On the basis of fully utilizing the components, adding a proper amount of silicon-aluminum modifying agent (metakaolin is used in the embodiment of the application) and alkali activator, fully mixing under the pressure of 10-30 MPa applied by a hydraulic press, and finally heating and maintaining, wherein the following processes can occur in the whole process:
curing the geopolymer: fly ash from incineration of household garbage and its heightSiO in Ling soil2、Al2O3The Si-O bond and the Al-O bond in the geopolymer are broken and recombined to finally form the geopolymer with irregular three-dimensional network structure taking Si-O tetrahedron and Al-O tetrahedron as units. The geopolymer has charge imbalance due to the existence of Al-O tetrahedron, and shows electronegativity, while heavy metal cations in the fly ash participate in the reaction process in a mode of balancing charge or network fillers, so that the heavy metal cations are solidified and stabilized in the form of ionic bonds or covalent bonds.
And C-S-H gel is solidified. SiO in domestic garbage incineration fly ash2And Ca (OH)2Pozzolanic reactions occur to form calcium silicate polymers (C-S-H gels). So that the heavy metals in the household garbage incineration fly ash are finally solidified on the surface of the C-S-H gel in the form of hydroxides or complexes through various modes such as adsorption, ion exchange, passivation and the like.
Finally, the examples in this application apply pressure to the geopolymer to perform the forming operation, where the geopolymer can be compressed into a small volume for volume reduction. Importantly, after pressure is applied, the alkali activator, the household garbage incineration fly ash and the silicon-aluminum modifying agent in the second mixture can be fully contacted, and the obtained molded sample has good mechanical property, so that heavy metals in the household garbage incineration fly ash can be further well fixed in the molded sample, and the defect of heavy metal leaching caused by the fracture of the molded sample is avoided.
On the one hand, the proportions of the alkali-activator, the silicon-aluminum modifier and the fly ash from incineration of the household garbage are particularly important in the examples of the present application. In this case, when the amount of the alkali activator added is increased, the strength of the geopolymer is increased, but the slurry overflows during the pressing process, and the pH is increased to be unfavorable for the solidification of the heavy metal. After a large number of experiments, the applicant finds that in the embodiment of the application, the mass ratio of the domestic garbage incineration fly ash to the silicon-aluminum modifier is controlled within the range of (80:20) - (90:10), and the quality of the alkali activator is controlled within the range of 25% -35% of the sum of the mass of the domestic garbage incineration fly ash and the mass of the silicon-aluminum modifier, so that a balanced high-quality state is realized, the finally obtained geopolymer can well solidify heavy metals, and other properties of the geopolymer cannot be influenced.
Specifically, referring to tables 3 and 4, it can be seen that the formed samples obtained in examples one to six had very low heavy metal content and reached the landfill standard. Furthermore, it can be seen that the ratio of the alkali-activator to the sodium hydroxide to the water glass solution in example seven was changed, and the experimental data in Table 4 were not changed so much, indicating that the leaching of the heavy metal was not significantly affected in this ratio range. In example eight, it can be seen that, although the performance of the formed sample 8 is better than that of the comparative example after metakaolin is replaced with red mud, the compression strength is lower and the leaching amount of heavy metals is higher than that of the formed sample 1, which indicates that the fly ash from the incineration of the household garbage should be treated by selecting a proper silicon-aluminum modifier. Observing comparative examples one to five, it can be seen that the amount of fly ash from incineration of municipal solid waste was increased and the amount of metakaolin was decreased in comparative example one as compared with example one, but as can be seen from table 4, the comparative example 1 has a greater increase in the content of heavy metals and a smaller compressive strength than the molded sample 1, which shows that controlling the mass ratio of fly ash from incineration of municipal solid waste to silicon-aluminum modifier in the range of (80:20) to (90:10) can contribute to the solidification of heavy metals.
Compared with the first example, the second comparative example only reduces the amount of the alkali-activator, but as can be seen from table 4, the comparative sample 2 has significantly improved heavy metal content and reduced compressive strength compared with the formed sample 1, and the comparative example shows that controlling the quality of the alkali-activator within the range of 25% to 35% of the total weight of the fly ash from incineration of domestic garbage and the silicon-aluminum modifier can help to solidify the heavy metal.
In comparison with the first example, the fourth comparative example was conducted by eliminating only the metakaolin amount and using 100g of fly ash from incineration of domestic waste, but as can be seen from Table 4, the comparative sample 4 has a significantly increased heavy metal content and a reduced compressive strength as compared with the formed sample 1, and the comparative example shows that controlling the mass ratio of fly ash from incineration of domestic waste to the silicon-aluminum modifier in the range of (80:20) to (90:10) can contribute to the solidification of heavy metals.
On the other hand, after a lot of experiments, the applicant finds that the pressure applied to the polymer by the method is kept within the range of 10-30 MPa, and the pressure within the range ensures that the alkali-activator is fully contacted and mixed with the raw materials, and the internal structure of the polymerized polymer is not damaged. In addition, the pressure in this range not only reduces the amount of the alkali activator used, but also further reduces the volume of the geopolymer molded sample, which is also important in the embodiment of the present application. In addition, in order to obtain a cured product of good quality, the sample was cured appropriately after molding.
Specifically, with continued reference to tables 3 and 4, it can be seen that the formed samples obtained in examples one to six had very low heavy metal content and reached the landfill standard. However, observing comparative example three and comparative example five, it can be seen that the pressure applied to the geopolymer is increased from 10MPa to 35MPa in comparative example three compared to example one, which exceeds the preferred pressure values specified in the examples of the present application. As can be seen from Table 4, the heavy metal content of comparative sample 3 is significantly increased and the compressive strength becomes smaller as compared with that of molded sample 1. Furthermore, in comparison with example one, the pressure exerted on the geopolymer is only reduced in comparative example five, from 10MPa to 5MPa, which exceeds the preferred pressure values specified in the examples of the present application. As can be seen from Table 4, comparative sample 3 has not only significantly improved heavy metal content but also reduced compressive strength as compared with molded sample 1. The third and fifth comparative examples show that the solidification of heavy metals can be ensured on the premise of ensuring the strength of the geopolymer by controlling the pressure applied to the geopolymer within the range of 10-30 MPa, so that the heavy metals are not easy to leach out.
According to the analysis, the method for treating the fly ash from the incineration of the domestic garbage is simple in process, low in cost, high in operability, capable of ensuring volume reduction, good in heavy metal solidification effect and capable of avoiding potential danger of leaching of heavy metals.
The above embodiment of the present invention discloses a method for treating fly ash from incineration of domestic waste, and the principle and the implementation of the present invention are explained by applying specific examples, and the above embodiment is only used to help understanding the control method and the core concept of the method for treating fly ash from incineration of domestic waste; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A treatment method of household garbage incineration fly ash is characterized by comprising the following steps:
stirring and mixing: stirring and mixing the household garbage incineration fly ash and a silicon-aluminum modifier according to the mass ratio of (80:20) - (90:10) to obtain a first mixture;
alkali excitation: adding an alkali activator into the first mixture to react to obtain a geopolymer, wherein the mass of the alkali activator accounts for 25-35% of the sum of the mass of the household garbage incineration fly ash and the mass of the silicon-aluminum modifier;
forming and maintaining: and (3) carrying out pressure forming and curing on the geopolymer to obtain a processed formed sample.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polymer is molded by applying a pressure of 10 to 30MPa to the polymer in the molding and curing step.
3. The treatment method according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the domestic waste incineration fly ash to the silicon-aluminum modifier is 80:20, the mass of the alkali activator accounts for 25% of the total mass of the domestic waste incineration fly ash and the silicon-aluminum modifier, and the polymer is molded under the pressure of 30 MPa.
4. The processing method according to claim 2, wherein in the step of molding and curing, the pressure is applied for 3 min.
5. The treatment method according to claim 1, wherein in the step of stirring and mixing, the domestic waste incineration fly ash and the silicon-aluminum modifier are ground, stirred and mixed, and the mass ratio of the grinding material used for grinding to the sum of the masses of the domestic waste incineration fly ash and the silicon-aluminum modifier is 2:1, the grinding speed is 300-400 rpm, and the grinding time is 30 min.
6. The treatment according to claim 1, wherein in the step of alkali-activating, the reaction time is 30 min.
7. The treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the alkali activator is a mixture of an alkali solution and a water glass solution, the alkali solution is a sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution, the modulus of the water glass solution is 3.2, and the mass ratio of the alkali solution to the water glass is (12:100) - (16: 100).
8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein in the step of molding and curing, after molding, the molded article is cured by heating at 60 to 80 ℃ for 64 to 84 hours, and then naturally cured at room temperature.
9. The treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the silicon aluminum modifier is one or more of metakaolin, red mud, steel slag and aluminosilicate-containing minerals.
10. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the compression strength of the shaped sample is greater than or equal to 15 MPa.
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