CN113069919B - Calculation method for accurately correcting continuous hour-average value of NOx concentration - Google Patents

Calculation method for accurately correcting continuous hour-average value of NOx concentration Download PDF

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CN113069919B
CN113069919B CN202110459749.2A CN202110459749A CN113069919B CN 113069919 B CN113069919 B CN 113069919B CN 202110459749 A CN202110459749 A CN 202110459749A CN 113069919 B CN113069919 B CN 113069919B
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赵长祥
陈刚
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Guoneng Nanjing Electric Power Test Research Co ltd
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    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02A50/20Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Abstract

The invention discloses a calculation method for accurately correcting continuous hour-average value of NOx concentration; the method subtracts the NOx concentration value before 3600s from the current NOx concentration value, integrates the difference value of the current NOx concentration value and the NOx concentration value before 3600s, and obtains the continuous hour integral value of the current theoretical NOx concentration as long as the calculation time exceeds 3600 s. And correcting continuous hour-average NOx concentration values by adopting actual NOx concentration data within 1 hour every 70 minutes to ensure that the error of the continuous hour-average NOx concentration values at any moment is controlled within a reasonable range. The invention has the advantages that the accurate correction of the continuous hour-average value signal of the NOx concentration is continuous, the error is in a controllable range, and the method can be applied to an automatic control loop; and the mean value of the concentration of NOx obtained by the automatic denitration control is matched with the requirement of emission indexes monitored by government environmental protection.

Description

Calculation method for accurately correcting continuous hour-average value of NOx concentration
Technical Field
The invention relates to a continuous hour-average value calculation method of NOx concentration, and belongs to the technical field of NOx concentration measurement of thermal power plants.
Background
The government environmental protection department examines the NOx emission index of the thermal power plant as the integral point hour average index of the concentration of the NOx in the chimney. The assessment time points are integral time points, such as 8 points, 9 points, 10 points and the like. The integral point hour average value of the chimney NOx concentration is an average value of the chimney NOx concentration in the previous hour calculated by taking the integral point time as a starting point. The integral point NOx concentration average is accurate only at the integral point time; after the integer point, the signal has a relatively obvious jump phenomenon, as shown in fig. 3, and cannot be applied to an automatic control system.
At present, the control target of the NOx concentration of SCR denitration is generally to control the instantaneous NOx concentration at the outlet of SCR denitration or the instantaneous NOx concentration at the chimney side. When the instantaneous NOx concentration of the SCR denitration outlet is controlled, operators can find that the instantaneous NOx concentration of the SCR denitration outlet is not consistent with the NOx concentration of a chimney discharge outlet due to installation problems; in order to ensure that the emission does not exceed the standard, operators usually choose to spray ammonia in an excessive amount deliberately and reduce the instantaneous NOx concentration value at the SCR denitration outlet. When the instantaneous NOx concentration at the side of the chimney is adopted, in most cases, the NOx cannot be automatically input due to too large inertia and delay; or even though the device is automatically put into use, the NOx concentration fluctuates too frequently and the stability is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a continuous hour-average value calculation method for accurately correcting NOx concentration, aiming at solving the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a continuous hour mean value calculation method of NOx concentration is used for calculating the continuous hour mean value of the NOx concentration of a thermal power plant at the current moment,
continuously calculating the integral value of the NOx concentration data before the current moment, wherein the calculation time is recorded as M when exceeding one hour;
continuously calculating an integral value of NOx concentration data one hour before the current time, and recording the integral value as N;
and the difference value of M and N is a continuous hour integral value, is recorded as P, and is divided by one hour to obtain the continuous hour average value of the NOx concentration at the current moment.
The technical scheme is further designed as follows: the integral value of the NOx concentration data for one hour is calculated at regular intervals as a standard hour integral value, denoted as P ', and the value of P is continuously corrected using P ' while keeping the value of P ' unchanged.
The correction process is to sum the difference between P' and P proportionally with P as a new P value.
The difference between P' and P is corrected by a ratio smaller than 1.
The correction interval time is 70min, and the duration of each correction is 10 s.
The preferable scheme of the technical scheme is as follows: the continuous hour integral value P is obtained through calculation of a continuous hour integral loop, and the continuous hour integral loop comprises a first delay module, a first subtractor module, an adder module and a first integral module;
the method comprises the steps that NOx concentration data are respectively input into a first subtracter module and a first delay module, the output of the delay module is input into the first subtracter module, the output of the first subtracter module is input into an adder module, the output value of the adder module is input into a first integration module, the output value of the first integration module is a continuous hour integral value P, and the adder module is a correction deviation reservation module.
The standard hour integral value P' is obtained by calculation through a standard hour integral loop, and the standard hour integral loop comprises a second numerical value bias module, a second integral module, a first signal switching module and a second signal switching module;
the two input ends of the first signal switching module are respectively input with NOx concentration data and 0 value signals output by the second numerical value offset module, the output value of the first signal switching module is input into the second integration module, the output value of the second integration module is a standard hour integral value P 'and is input into one input end of the second signal switching module, and the output value of the second signal switching module is input into the other input end of the second signal switching module, so that the function of keeping the P' signals is realized.
The corrected interval time is obtained through a correction period determining loop, and the correction period determining loop comprises a time counter, a second delay module, a large judging module, a first small judging module, a second small judging module, a first pulse signal generator and a second pulse signal generator;
the time counter sends time signals to the large judgment module and the first and second small judgment modules respectively, the second small judgment module outputs signals to the first signal switching module within 0-600 s, and controls the first signal switching module to output 0-value signals, and the first signal switching module outputs NOx concentration data at other times; the first small judgment module outputs a signal to a second delay module within 0-100 s, the second delay module delays the output signal for 50s to a second integration module, and the second integration module is controlled to be cleared; the large judgment module outputs signals to the first pulse signal generator and the second pulse signal generator after 4200s, the first pulse signal generator outputs 10s pulse signals to the second signal switching module, and the output value of the second signal switching module is controlled to be kept unchanged; and the second pulse signal generator outputs a 2s pulse signal to the time counter to control the time counter to count again.
The correction process is realized through a correction loop, and the correction loop comprises a second subtracter module, a third numerical value bias module and a third signal switching module;
the two input ends of the second subtracter module respectively input the output value of the second signal switching module and the output value of the first integration module, the third signal switching module respectively inputs the output value of the second subtracter module and the 0 value signal output by the third numerical value offset module, the first pulse signal generator outputs a 10s pulse signal to the third signal switching module to control the third signal switching module to output the output value of the second subtracter module, the third signal switching module outputs the 0 value signal in the rest time, the output value of the third signal switching module is input to the adder module, and the adder module proportionally adds the output value of the third signal switching module and the output value of the first subtracter module and then inputs the added value to the first integration module.
The calculation of the continuous hour-average value of the NOx concentration is realized through a divider module and a first numerical value offset module;
the two input ends of the divider module are respectively input with the output value of the first integration module and the 3600 signal value output by the first numerical value bias module, and the output value of the divider module is the NOx concentration continuous hour average value.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the integral point hour average value of the NOx concentration, the technical scheme of the invention can accurately correct the continuous hour average value of the NOx concentration, not only can ensure that the hour average value of the NOx concentration at the integral point moment is accurate, but also can ensure that the hour average value of the NOx concentration before any moment is seen is also accurate, and the change process is reasonable; provides possibility for participating in automatic ammonia injection control and realizing small-hour mean value control of NOx concentration.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a method schematic of an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing hourly mean NOx concentration integer points to continuous hourly mean values for an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
Examples
The design idea of the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
assuming that the computer collects data once per second, the data collected by the computer is added into the array A, and the current data is recorded as a 0 The data generated in the previous second is a 1 The data generated in the first two seconds is a 2 By analogy, then:
A=[a 0 a 1 a 2 a 3 a 4 a 5 …]
if the value of the array A is delayed for 3600 seconds, and the array B is added, then:
B=[a 3600 a 3601 a 3602 a 3603 a 3604 a 3605 a 3606 …]
and arranging the array A to obtain:
A=[a 0 a 1 … a 3599 ]+B
the integral value of the collected NOx concentration data 1 hour before the current moment is calculated, and the difference between the integral of the A array and the integral of the B array can be calculated. According to the assumption that the calculation time step is 1s, the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure GDA0003742385220000031
merging and finishing to obtain:
Figure GDA0003742385220000032
the above calculation formula is to eliminate the data collected 1 hour before (3600 s).
The realization method is characterized in that the integral value can be continuously calculated. When the integrated value is divided by 3600 seconds, the continuous hour average value of the NOx concentration is calculated.
In engineering, due to the error accumulation effect of the integral function, along with the increase of time, at the integral point moment, the deviation between the continuous small-hour mean value of the uncorrected NOx concentration and the integral-point small-hour mean value of the NOx concentration is larger and larger, namely, two groups of numerical values are subtracted in an infinite loop mode, and no matter how high the calculation precision is each time, an error always exists; and long-term error accumulation necessarily finally causes the error of the continuous hour mean value of the NOx concentration to exceed the engineering allowable range.
Therefore, the present embodiment calculates the integral value periodically by collecting all the NOx concentration data in actual 1 hour, and corrects the NOx concentration continuous hour integral value by using the calculated integral value as a standard, thereby correcting the deviation.
As shown in fig. 1, the technical solution adopted in this embodiment is: continuously calculating the integral value of the NOx concentration data before the current moment, wherein the calculation time is recorded as M when exceeding one hour; the integral value of the NOx concentration data before one hour before the current moment is recorded as N; and the difference value of M and N is a continuous hour integral value, is recorded as P, and is divided by one hour to obtain the continuous hour average value of the theoretical NOx concentration at the current moment. Calculating an integral value of the NOx concentration data within one hour every 70min, wherein the integral value is a standard hour integral value and is marked as P ', keeping the value of P ' unchanged, adding the difference value of P ' and P into P according to a proportion smaller than 1, and correcting, wherein the duration of each correction is 10 s; and dividing the corrected and calibrated theoretical NOx concentration hourly integral value by the time of 1 hour to calculate the continuous hourly average value of the accurate corrected NOx concentration meeting the engineering requirement.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of SAMA for implementing the present embodiment. All functional modules used in the design can be found in the same or similar functional modules in the conventional control computer configuration software.
As shown in the figure, the scheme of the present embodiment is divided into 4 parts: a continuous hourly integration loop, a correction period determination loop, a standard hourly integration loop, and a correction loop.
1. The loop was continuously integrated over hours. The chimney NOx concentration signal value is output after 3600s of delay through a delay module I; at the subtracter II, subtracting the NOx concentration signal value before 3600s from the current NOx concentration signal value; under the non-correction working condition, the left side input of the adder (c) is always 0, and the difference value of the subtracter (c) directly passes through the adder (c) and reaches the accumulator (c) to perform discrete integral calculation. When the calculation loop has calculated more than 1 hour, the result of the calculation is a continuous hour integral of the theoretical NOx concentration.
2. The correction period determines a loop. The time counter outputs a time signal to the two small judgment modules and the one large judgment module; wherein, under the control of a 100s small judgment module and a 50s delay switch-on module, a second command signal is sent out in the 50 th to 100 th s period from the beginning of a new period, and the second command signal is a command signal requiring zero clearing (output is 0) of an accumulator in a standard hour integration loop; before the second command signal is issued, the actual output of the accumulator remains unchanged since the input to the accumulator is 0. Under the control of the 600s small judgment module, the first command signal (c) sends out a command signal requiring that the signal accepted by the accumulator (ninthly) is 0 within a new period of 600 s; after 600s, command signal (fifthly) for requiring the signal received by the accumulator to be 0 disappears, and the analog quantity switching module (viii) immediately switches the NOx concentration signal into the accumulator input end to carry out the accumulation integral calculation. Under the control of a 4200s large judgment module, a third command signal is generated, when a new period reaches 4200s and the standard hour integration loop just accumulates and integrates 3600s, a 10s pulse signal generator sends out a 10s pulse command signal, the output of an accumulator of the standard hour integration loop is required to be kept unchanged, and the calculation results of the continuous hour integration loop are calibrated and corrected; and simultaneously, the 2s pulse signal generator sends out a 2s pulse command signal to the time counter to control the time counter to count again.
3. Standard hour integration loop. In the new period 0-600 s, a command signal (c) requiring the input signal of the accumulator to be 0 is sent out, and the analog quantity switching module (r) transmits 0 to the accumulator; when the new period reaches 600s, the command signal (fifthly) requiring the input signal of the accumulator to be 0 disappears, the analog quantity switching module (ninx) executes the switching function, the NOx concentration signal is switched on and input to the accumulator (ninx), and the integration is accumulated. In a new period of 0-50 s, the accumulator receives zero clearing command signal; while the data input is again 0 and the output of the accumulator remains unchanged. And ninthly, after the accumulator receives the zero clearing command signal for 50-100 s at the beginning of the new period, the output is changed into 0. When the new period reaches 4200s, the accumulator ninthly finishes 1 hour of accumulated integration, after the lowermost analog quantity switching module receives a 10s pulse holding command signal sent by the calibration period determining circuit, the switching function is executed immediately, so that the output end of the analog quantity switching module at is equal to the signal of the other input end, and the other input end is connected with the output end, thereby realizing that the output is equal to the connection of the input end and the output end, namely realizing the function of keeping the output result of the standard hour integration circuit unchanged.
4. And (6) correcting a loop. Leftmost subtracter
Figure GDA0003742385220000041
And receiving the output value (maintained for 10s during correction) of the analog quantity switching module in the standard hour integral loop and the output value of the accumulator (D) in the continuous hour integral loop, and calculating the difference value. Analog quantity switcher
Figure GDA0003742385220000051
When the correction command is received, the output is 0. When the analog quantity switcher
Figure GDA0003742385220000052
After receiving the correction command, the subtracter
Figure GDA0003742385220000053
The output deviation is directly input into an adder (common to the continuous hour integral loop) through an analog quantity switcher, and then input into an accumulator (common to the continuous hour integral loop), so that the process of correcting the deviation for 1 time is completed. Every calculation is made according to 50% difference value of output value of standard hour integral loop analog quantity switching module and output value of continuous hour integral loop accumulator (R), i.e. in adder (R) the subtracter is corrected
Figure GDA0003742385220000054
The output deviation is added with the output of the subtracter II according to 50 percent; each calculation cycle (e.g. 1s) is modified once until the end of the 10s modification period. The corrected continuous integral value is input to a divider through an accumulator
Figure GDA0003742385220000055
In, divided by 3600 (one hour),and calculating to obtain the corrected continuous hour average value of the NOx concentration.
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the continuous hour-average corrected NOx concentration calculated by the method of the present embodiment has small fluctuation and reasonable variation process compared with the integral hour-average NOx concentration. The mean value of the concentration of NOx obtained by the automatic denitration control is matched with the requirement of emission indexes monitored by government environmental protection.
The technical solutions of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions obtained by using equivalent substitution modes fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A calculation method for accurately correcting continuous hour-average NOx concentration value is used for calculating the continuous hour-average NOx concentration value of a thermal power plant at the current moment, and is characterized in that:
collecting NOx concentration data once per second, continuously calculating the integral value of the NOx concentration data before the current moment, and recording the integral value as M when the calculation time exceeds one hour;
continuously calculating an integral value of NOx concentration data one hour before the current time, and recording the integral value as N;
the difference value of M and N is a continuous hour integral value, is marked as P, and is divided by 3600 to obtain a continuous hour average value of the theoretical NOx concentration at the current moment; every 70 minutes, the integral value calculated by all the NOx concentration data collected in actual 1 hour is a standard hour integral value and is marked as P ', the value of P ' is kept unchanged, and the value of P is continuously corrected by utilizing P ';
the correction process is to sum the difference value of P' and P with P in a ratio smaller than 1 as a new P value;
the duration of each correction is 10 s;
the continuous hour integral value P is obtained through calculation of a continuous hour integral loop, and the continuous hour integral loop comprises a first delay module, a first subtractor module, an adder module and a first integral module; respectively inputting NOx concentration data into a first subtractor module and a first delay module, wherein the output of the delay module is input into the first subtractor module, the output of the first subtractor module is input into an adder module, the output value of the adder module is input into a first integration module, and the output value of the first integration module is a continuous hour integral value P;
the standard hour integral value P' is obtained by calculation through a standard hour integral loop, and the standard hour integral loop comprises a second numerical value bias module, a second integral module, a first signal switching module and a second signal switching module; the two input ends of the first signal switching module are respectively input with NOx concentration data and 0 value signals output by the second numerical value offset module, the output value of the first signal switching module is input into the second integration module, the output value of the second integration module is a standard hour integral value P 'and is input into one input end of the second signal switching module, and the output value of the second signal switching module is input into the other input end of the second signal switching module, so that the P' signal holding function is realized;
the corrected interval time is obtained through a correction period determining loop, and the correction period determining loop comprises a time counter, a second delay module, a large judging module, a first small judging module, a second small judging module, a first pulse signal generator and a second pulse signal generator; the time counter sends time signals to the large judgment module, the first small judgment module and the second small judgment module respectively, the second small judgment module outputs signals to the first signal switching module within 0-600 s, the first signal switching module is controlled to output 0-value signals, and the first signal switching module outputs NOx concentration data at other times; the first small judgment module outputs a signal to the second delay module within 0-100 s, and the second delay module delays the output signal for 50s to the second integration module to control the second integration module to be reset; the large judgment module outputs signals to the first pulse signal generator and the second pulse signal generator after 4200s, the first pulse signal generator outputs 10s pulse signals to the second signal switching module, and the output value of the second signal switching module is controlled to be kept unchanged; the second pulse signal generator outputs a 2s pulse signal to the time counter to control the time counter to count again;
the correction process is realized through a correction loop, and the correction loop comprises a second subtracter module, a third numerical value bias module and a third signal switching module;
the two input ends of the second subtracter module respectively input the output value of the second signal switching module and the output value of the first integration module, the third signal switching module respectively inputs the output value of the second subtracter module and the 0 value signal output by the third numerical value offset module, the first pulse signal generator outputs a 10s pulse signal to the third signal switching module to control the third signal switching module to output the output value of the second subtracter module, the third signal switching module outputs the 0 value signal in the rest time, the output value of the third signal switching module is input to the adder module, and the adder module proportionally adds the output value of the third signal switching module and the output value of the first subtracter module and then inputs the added value to the first integration module.
2. The method for calculating the continuous hourly mean value of the accurate corrected NOx concentration according to claim 1, wherein: the calculation of the continuous hour-average value of the NOx concentration is realized through a divider module and a first numerical value offset module;
the two input ends of the divider module are respectively input with the output value of the first integration module and the 3600 signal value output by the first numerical value bias module, and the output value of the divider module is the NOx concentration continuous hour average value.
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