CN113067015A - Fuel cell air humidity adjusting system and control method thereof - Google Patents
Fuel cell air humidity adjusting system and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
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- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
- H01M8/04141—Humidifying by water containing exhaust gases
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04335—Temperature; Ambient temperature of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04395—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
- H01M8/04507—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
- H01M8/04835—Humidity; Water content of fuel cell reactants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell air humidity adjusting system and a control method thereof, wherein the control method comprises the following steps: collecting cathode operation data of the galvanic pile to obtain actual air humidity RH at the inlet, and processing the operation data to obtain target air humidity RH at the inlet under the current working condition0When RH > RH0Calculating a difference value delta RH, and performing combined control to regulate the air humidity of the cathode inlet of the pile according to the delta RH, wherein the combined control comprises controlling a pressure release valve which can bypass the fresh air part entering the humidifier to the mixed exhaust device and controlling the fresh air part which can bypass the fresh air part entering the humidifier to the mixed exhaust deviceAn inlet humidity control valve at the cathode inlet of the electric pile, an outlet humidity control valve for controlling the waste air which enters the humidifier to bypass to the mixing and discharging device, and a control air compressor. According to the invention, through the combined regulation of the inlet humidity regulating valve, the outlet humidity regulating valve, the air compressor and the back pressure valve, the air humidity at the inlet of the galvanic pile is accurately controlled, and meanwhile, the response rate of the galvanic pile humidity under the dynamic working condition is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fuel cell, in particular to a fuel cell air humidity adjusting system and a control method thereof.
Background
The fuel cell system includes a stack, an air system, a hydrogen system, a cooling system, and respective control systems. The air system is composed of an air filter, an air compressor, an intercooler, a humidifier, a back pressure valve and other components, the air system is mainly used for providing air required by operation for the galvanic pile, and due to the fact that the galvanic pile is different in working boundary under different working conditions, parameter requirements such as flow, temperature, pressure and humidity of the air supplied by the air system can be changed correspondingly. The air compressor is generally centrifugal and is used for providing air flow for the electric pile, and the air pressure entering the electric pile can be controlled by the back pressure valve and the rotation speed adjustment of the air compressor. The pressure relief valve can bypass redundant air, and the surge of the air compressor is avoided. The humidifier can effectively utilize the high-humidity tail gas discharged by the galvanic pile to humidify the air at the inlet of the galvanic pile, and the requirement of the air humidity at the inlet of the galvanic pile is met. In the prior art, a bypass valve is generally added on the dry air side of a humidifier or on the wet air side of the humidifier to adjust the air humidity of the inlet of the galvanic pile, and similar to the humidity adjusting schemes, in the actual operation of a fuel cell system, the air humidity of the inlet of the galvanic pile cannot be adjusted in real time and accurately, the humidity adjusting range is narrow, and the humidity change requirement of a dynamic working condition is not met.
Chinese patent publication No. CN 101494292a, filed by general automotive science and technology operations, llc, discloses a fuel cell system cathode inlet relative humidity control that provides a combination of sensor inputs and component modes to allow the system cathode effluent to selectively bypass cathode effluent handling components to achieve maintenance of a desired cathode inlet relative humidity or dew point. In this patent, a bypass valve is used to control the wet air at the stack air outlet to bypass the humidifier ratio to adjust the humidification level on the dry air side entering the humidifier, thereby changing the air humidity of the stack to meet the target humidity requirement. The technology has the problems of slow humidity response under dynamic working conditions and poor humidity control precision.
A chinese patent publication (publication No. CN104247120A) filed by this field research industry co discloses a fuel cell system including: a turbo type oxidant pump whose rotating shaft is supported by an air bearing, and takes in an oxidant gas by a rotational motion and sends the oxidant gas to the fuel cell; an actual flow rate detecting unit for the oxidant gas; a pressure adjusting means for the oxidizing gas; and a control means for increasing the pressure of the oxidizing gas by the pressure adjustment means when the actual flow rate of the oxidizing gas is higher than the target flow rate when the rotational speed of the oxidizing pump is in the lowest rotational speed range in which the shaft of the air bearing can be supported. This patent employs a bypass valve to control the flow of air into the dry air side of the humidifier, thereby varying the humidity of the air entering the stack to meet the target humidity requirement. The technology has the problems of narrow humidity adjusting range and poor humidity control precision under dynamic working conditions.
Therefore, it is required to develop a fuel cell air humidity adjusting system and a control method thereof, which can dynamically and precisely adjust the stack inlet air humidity.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and provides a fuel cell air humidity adjustment system and a control method thereof, which can accurately adjust the air humidity at the inlet of a stack in real time.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a fuel cell air humidity regulating system comprises an electric pile, a controller, an air filter, an air compressor, an intercooler, a humidifier and a mixed exhaust device, wherein the air filter, the air compressor, the intercooler and the humidifier are sequentially connected to a cathode inlet of the electric pile along an air inlet direction, a cathode outlet of the electric pile is sequentially communicated with the humidifier and the mixed exhaust device along an air exhaust direction, and the air humidity regulating system is characterized in that,
a pressure release valve for adjusting the pressure of the cathode inlet of the galvanic pile is arranged between the intercooler and the mixed discharger, an inlet humidifying valve for bypassing part of fresh air entering the humidifier is arranged between the intercooler and the cathode inlet of the galvanic pile, an outlet humidifying valve for bypassing part of waste air entering the humidifier is arranged between the cathode outlet of the galvanic pile and the mixed discharger, monitoring structures for monitoring pressure, humidity and temperature are arranged at the cathode inlet and the cathode outlet of the galvanic pile,
be equipped with the flowmeter between air cleaner, air compressor machine, the inside water content detector that is equipped with of galvanic pile, controller and flowmeter, air compressor machine, relief valve, entry humidifying valve, export humidifying valve, water content detector, monitoring structure electricity are connected.
Preferably, the monitoring structure is including setting up in the galvanic pile cathode entrance and carrying out the integrative sensor of temperature, humidity, pressure measurement's the temperature humidity pressure of advancing to and set up in galvanic pile cathode exit and carry out the integrative sensor of temperature, humidity, pressure measurement's the integrative sensor of play heap temperature humidity pressure, the integrative sensor of temperature humidity pressure of advancing heap, the integrative sensor of play heap temperature humidity pressure is connected with the controller electricity.
Preferably, the intercooler is provided with three outlets which are respectively communicated with the inlet of the pressure release valve, the inlet of the humidifying valve and the inlet of the dry air side of the humidifier, the outlet of the pressure release valve is communicated with the inlet of the mixing and discharging device, and the outlet of the inlet humidifying valve and the outlet of the dry air side of the humidifier are communicated with the cathode inlet of the galvanic pile.
Preferably, a back pressure valve for adjusting the pressure of the cathode outlet of the pile is further arranged between the cathode outlet of the pile and the mixing and discharging device, and the back pressure valve is electrically connected with the controller.
Furthermore, an outlet humidity control valve inlet and a humidifier wet air side inlet are both connected with a cathode outlet of the galvanic pile, an outlet of the outlet humidity control valve and a humidifier wet air side outlet are both connected with a back pressure valve inlet, and the back pressure valve outlet is communicated with an inlet of the mixing and discharging device.
The invention also provides a fuelThe air humidity regulation and control method for the fuel cell comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: collecting cathode operation data of the galvanic pile to obtain actual air humidity RH at the inlet, and processing the operation data to obtain target air humidity RH at the inlet under the current working condition0When RH > RH0Time calculation of actual air humidity RH and target air humidity RH0And the combined control comprises a pressure release valve for controlling the fresh air part entering the humidifier to bypass to the mixed discharger, an inlet humidity adjusting valve for controlling the fresh air part entering the humidifier to bypass to the cathode inlet of the stack, an outlet humidity adjusting valve for controlling the waste air part entering the humidifier to bypass to the mixed discharger and an air compressor for controlling the fresh air to be provided for the cathode of the stack.
Preferably, the target air humidity RH at the inlet under the current working condition is obtained0The method comprises the following steps:
collecting actual air humidity RH, actual air temperature T and actual air pressure P at the cathode inlet of the electric pile, air flow G conveyed by an air compressor and actual water content Q of the cathode of the electric pile1The actual current value I of the electric pile;
looking up a table according to I and T to obtain standard water content Q of the galvanic pile0When the actual water content Q is1Standard water content of galvanic pile Q0Then, the actual water content Q is calculated1With the standard water content Q in the galvanic pile0The difference value is divided by the correction time T to obtain the corrected value Q of the water content of the galvanic pile per second2The correction time T is according to I, Q1And RH look-up table is obtained;
calculating according to the actual air humidity RH, the actual air temperature T, the actual air pressure P and the air flow G to obtain the inlet air water content Q3 of the cathode of the pile per second, and when Q3 is more than Q2Then, the water content Q3 of inlet air and the corrected value Q of water content of the galvanic pile are calculated every second2Obtaining a water content to-be-consumed value delta Q of each second by the difference value, and calculating to obtain an air humidity target value RH according to the delta Q, the air flow G, the actual air temperature T and the actual air pressure P0。
Preferably, the method for combined control according to Δ RH comprises: the preset value is more than 0 and more than a and more than b and less than or equal to 100 percent,
when b is larger than delta RH and is larger than or equal to a, opening an inlet humidity adjusting valve and controlling the opening degree to enable part of fresh air entering a humidifier to be bypassed to the cathode inlet of the galvanic pile; or opening an outlet humidity regulating valve and controlling the opening degree to ensure that part of the waste air entering the humidifier bypasses the mixer-discharger;
when c is larger than delta RH and is larger than or equal to b, fully opening the inlet humidity control valve to enable part of the fresh air entering the humidifier to bypass to the cathode inlet of the galvanic pile, simultaneously opening the outlet humidity control valve and controlling the opening degree to enable part of the waste air entering the humidifier to bypass to the mixed discharge device;
when the delta RH is larger than or equal to c, the temperature of the air entering the cathode of the galvanic pile is increased, the inlet humidifying valve is fully opened, so that the fresh air entering the humidifier is partially bypassed to the inlet of the cathode of the galvanic pile, and the outlet humidifying valve is fully opened, so that the waste air entering the humidifier is partially bypassed to the mixing and discharging device.
Further, the method for increasing the temperature of the air entering the cathode of the stack comprises the following steps: and increasing the rotating speed of the air compressor, controlling the opening of the pressure release valve to enable part of fresh air entering the humidifier to bypass the mixing and exhausting device, and keeping the outlet pressure before and after the speed of the air compressor is increased and the air flow entering the cathode of the electric pile consistent.
Further, the opening degree is determined according to the difference value delta RH and the actual current value I of the galvanic pile when the inlet humidity control valve is opened, and the opening degree is determined according to the difference value delta RH and the actual current value I of the galvanic pile when the outlet humidity control valve is opened.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. when the inlet humidifying valve is opened, a part of fresh air can directly bypass to the cathode of the battery without passing through the humidifier, so that the humidity of the air entering the cathode of the battery is rapidly reduced; when the outlet humidity adjusting valve is opened, a part of waste air can be directly discharged in a bypass mode without passing through the humidifier, so that the moisture transmission with fresh air is reduced, and the humidity of air entering the cathode of the battery can be indirectly reduced. The inlet humidity control valve and the outlet humidity control valve can be used independently or cooperatively, and the humidity change requirement of dynamic working conditions is met.
2. The air compressor machine can be used for improving fresh air temperature, and the unnecessary air that produces by the air compressor machine acceleration can be bypassed to the relief valve, avoids the air compressor machine surge to appear.
3. The inlet humidity control valve, the outlet humidity control valve, the air compressor and the back pressure valve are jointly adjusted, so that the air humidity of the inlet of the galvanic pile is accurately controlled, and meanwhile, the response rate of the galvanic pile humidity under dynamic working conditions is improved.
4. The inlet humidity control valve, the outlet humidity control valve, the air compressor and the back pressure valve are controlled according to the actual air humidity RH and the target air humidity RH at the cathode inlet of the galvanic pile0The difference value is differentially controlled, so that the air humidity at the inlet of the galvanic pile can be accurately and quickly controlled within a large variation range.
5. Utilizing the feedforward opening degree corresponding to the actual current value I of the galvanic pile and the target air humidity RH at the cathode inlet of the galvanic pile0And the opening degree of the inlet humidity regulating valve and the opening degree of the outlet humidity regulating valve are regulated by combining the PID control and regulating the opening degree, so that the air humidity is quickly regulated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the air humidity adjusting system of the fuel cell of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of control of an inlet humidity control valve and an outlet humidity control valve
Wherein: the system comprises an air filter 1, an air filter 2, a flowmeter 3, an air compressor 4, an intercooler 5, a humidifier 6, a mixing and discharging device 7, a pressure release valve 8, a back pressure valve 9, an inlet humidity control valve 10, an outlet humidity control valve 11, a reactor inlet temperature and humidity pressure integrated sensor 12, a reactor outlet temperature and humidity pressure integrated sensor 13, a water content detector 100, a reactor 200 and a controller.
Detailed Description
The following specific examples further illustrate the invention in detail.
As shown in fig. 1, the air humidity adjusting system for a fuel cell provided by the present invention comprises a stack 100, a controller 200, an air filter 1, a flow meter 2, an air compressor 3, an intercooler 4, a humidifier 5, and a mixer 6, wherein the air filter 1, the flow meter 2, the air compressor 3, the intercooler 4, and the humidifier 5 are sequentially connected to a cathode inlet of the stack 100 along an air intake direction, a cathode outlet of the stack 100 is sequentially connected to a wet air side of the humidifier 5 and the mixer 6 along an air exhaust direction, a pressure relief valve 7 for adjusting a cathode inlet pressure of the stack 100 is disposed between the intercooler 4 and the mixer 6, a back pressure valve 8 for adjusting a cathode outlet pressure of the stack 100 is disposed between the cathode outlet of the stack 100 and the mixer 6, an intercooler valve 9 for bypassing a part of fresh air entering the humidifier 5 is disposed between the cathode inlet of the stack 4 and the cathode inlet of the stack 100, an outlet humidity adjusting valve 10 which can enable the waste air entering the humidifier 5 to be partially bypassed is arranged between the cathode outlet of the electric pile 100 and the mixing and discharging device 6, and monitoring structures for monitoring pressure, humidity and temperature are arranged at the cathode inlet and the cathode outlet of the electric pile 100. The inside of the stack 100 is provided with a water content detector 13.
The monitoring structure comprises an inlet temperature, humidity and pressure integrated sensor 11 arranged at the inlet of the cathode of the galvanic pile 100 for measuring temperature, humidity and pressure, and an outlet temperature, humidity and pressure integrated sensor 12 arranged at the outlet of the cathode of the galvanic pile 100 for measuring temperature, humidity and pressure.
The controller 200 is electrically connected with the flowmeter 2, the air compressor 3, the pressure release valve 7, the back pressure valve 8, the inlet humidity control valve 9, the outlet humidity control valve 10, the water content detector 13, the inlet temperature and humidity pressure integrated sensor 11 and the outlet temperature and humidity pressure integrated sensor 12.
The concrete connection mode of each part is as follows: the intercooler 4 is provided with three outlets which are respectively communicated with an inlet of a pressure release valve 7, an inlet of an inlet humidifying valve 9 and a dry air side inlet of the humidifier 5, an outlet of the pressure release valve 7 is communicated with an inlet of the mixing and discharging device 6, and an outlet of the inlet humidifying valve 9 and a dry air side outlet of the humidifier 5 are communicated with a cathode inlet of the galvanic pile 100. An inlet of the outlet humidity adjusting valve 10 and a wet air side inlet of the humidifier 5 are both connected with a cathode outlet of the electric pile 100, an outlet of the outlet humidity adjusting valve 10 and a wet air side outlet of the humidifier 5 are both connected with an inlet of the back pressure valve 8, and an outlet of the back pressure valve 8 is communicated with an inlet of the mixing and discharging device 6.
The functions of the above components are as follows:
the air filter 1 is used to filter chemical and physical impurities in the air. The flow meter 2 can monitor the function of the air flow in real time and transmit the flow signal to the controller 200. The air compressor 3 is controlled by the controller 200 to realize air flow and pressure regulation. The intercooler 4 may cool the high-temperature gas at the outlet of the air compressor 3 to a target temperature range. The inlet humidity control valve 9 and the outlet humidity control valve 10 can realize the humidity control of the air entering the cathode of the electric pile 100. The pressure relief valve 7 can realize the pressure regulation of the cathode inlet of the electric pile 100, and the backpressure valve 8 can realize the pressure regulation of the cathode outlet of the electric pile 100.
The method for controlling the humidity by utilizing the air humidity adjusting system of the fuel cell comprises the following steps:
s1, data acquisition
Collecting cathode operation data of the electric pile 100 to obtain the actual air humidity RH, the actual air temperature T, the actual air pressure P at the cathode inlet of the electric pile 100, the air flow G conveyed by the air compressor 3 and the actual water content Q of the cathode of the electric pile 1001The actual current value I of the electric pile;
the actual air humidity RH, the actual air temperature T and the actual air pressure P at the cathode inlet of the galvanic pile 100 are acquired by a pile-entering temperature, humidity and pressure integrated sensor 11; the air flow G is acquired by the flowmeter 2; actual water content Q1Collected by a water content detector 13; the actual current value I of the electric pile is provided by a vehicle control unit and is a known value.
S2, calculating target air humidity RH0
Looking up a table according to the actual current value I and the actual air temperature T of the galvanic pile to obtain the standard water content Q of the galvanic pile0(those skilled in the art will understand that the actual current value I of the fuel cell, the actual air temperature T and the stack standard water content Q of the fuel cell0There exists a corresponding relationship, which can be obtained by calibration according to the property of the fuel cell itself and the actual need, and this embodiment does not limit the corresponding relationship, and this corresponding relationship is essentially a data table and is stored in the memory of the controller 200);
when the actual water content Q is1Standard water content of galvanic pile Q0Then, the actual water content Q is calculated1With the standard water content Q in the galvanic pile0The difference value is divided by the correction time T to obtain the corrected value Q of the water content of the galvanic pile per second2，Q2＝(Q1-Q0) The correction time T is based on the actual current value I and the actual water content Q of the electric pile1Actual air humidity RH (as will be understood by those skilled in the art, when the actual current value I of the fuel cell is constant, the actual air humidity RH is obtained by a table look-upThe change of the actual air humidity RH of the cathode of the pile can result in the actual water content Q in the pile1The change of the actual air humidity RH can be converted into the change of the air water content per second according to the working condition, and the change of the water content inside the galvanic pile divided by the change of the air water content per second is the correction time T, so that the corresponding relationship exists between the actual current value, the actual air humidity, the actual water content and the correction time of the galvanic pile of the fuel cell, and the relationship can be obtained through a bench test according to the property and the actual requirement of the fuel cell itself, and the corresponding relationship is not limited in the embodiment, and the essence of the corresponding relationship is a data table and is stored in the memory of the controller 200).
Calculating according to the actual air humidity RH, the actual air temperature T, the actual air pressure P and the air flow G to obtain the inlet air water content Q3 of the cathode of the galvanic pile 100 per second, wherein the calculation method comprises the following steps: according to the actual air humidity RH, the actual air temperature T and the actual air pressure P, the enthalpy-humidity diagram is looked up, the air water content of 1kg can be calculated, and then the air water content is multiplied by the air flow G, so that the inlet air water content Q3 per second is obtained;
when Q3 > Q2Then, the water content Q3 of inlet air and the corrected value Q of water content of the galvanic pile are calculated every second2The difference value is obtained as the water content per second consumption value delta Q, Q is Q3-Q2The target air humidity RH is calculated according to the delta Q, the air flow G, the actual air temperature T and the actual air pressure P0The calculation method comprises the following steps: dividing the water content to-be-consumed value delta Q by the air flow G to obtain the air water content of 1kg, and looking up a psychrometric chart according to the actual air temperature T and the actual air pressure P to obtain the target air humidity RH0。
S3, calculating delta RH for combined control
When RH > RH0Time calculation of actual air humidity RH and target air humidity RH0Δ RH, Δ RH ═ RH-RH0；
The humidity of the air at the cathode inlet of the electric pile 100 is adjusted by carrying out combined control according to delta RH, wherein the combined control comprises a pressure release valve 7 which can control the fresh air part entering the humidifier 5 to bypass the mixing and discharging device 6, an inlet humidity adjusting valve 9 which can control the fresh air part entering the humidifier 5 to bypass the cathode inlet of the electric pile 100, an outlet humidity adjusting valve 10 which can control the waste air part entering the humidifier 5 to bypass the mixing and discharging device 6, and an air compressor 3 which can control the fresh air to be provided for the cathode of the electric pile 100;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: the controller 200 is internally provided with a preset value of 0 < a < b < c < 100%,
(1) when b is more than delta RH and is more than or equal to a, opening the inlet humidity adjusting valve 9 and controlling the opening degree, so that part of fresh air to enter the humidifier 5 bypasses to the cathode inlet of the electric pile 100; or opening the outlet humidity adjusting valve 10 and controlling the opening degree to enable part of the waste air to enter the humidifier 5 to bypass the mixer-discharger 6;
(2) when c is more than delta RH and is more than or equal to b, fully opening the inlet humidity adjusting valve 9, enabling part of fresh air to enter the humidifier 5 to bypass to the cathode inlet of the electric pile 100, simultaneously opening the outlet humidity adjusting valve 10 and controlling the opening degree, and enabling part of waste air to enter the humidifier 5 to bypass to the mixed exhaust device 6;
(3) when the delta RH is larger than or equal to c, the rotating speed of the air compressor 3 is increased, the temperature of the air entering the cathode of the electric pile 100 is increased, the inlet humidifying valve 9 is fully opened, part of the fresh air entering the humidifier 5 bypasses the inlet of the cathode of the electric pile 100, and the outlet humidifying valve 10 is fully opened, so that part of the waste air entering the humidifier 5 bypasses the mixing and discharging device 6.
In the above cases (1), (2), and (3), the opening K1 is determined from the difference Δ RH and the actual stack current value I when the inlet humidity control valve 9 is opened, specifically: obtaining a feedforward opening K1 of the inlet humidity control valve 9 by looking up a table according to the actual current value I of the galvanic pile, obtaining an adjustment opening K2 of the inlet humidity control valve 9 by the PID controller according to the difference value Δ RH, where K1 is K1+ K2 (in actual application, the actual current value I of the galvanic pile corresponds to the feedforward opening K1 of the inlet humidity control valve 9, and a corresponding table of the two is formed by calibration, and the feedforward opening of the inlet humidity control valve 9 corresponding to the actual current value I of the galvanic pile is called according to the table, and similarly, in actual application, the difference value Δ RH corresponds to the adjustment opening K2 of the inlet humidity control valve 9, and a corresponding table of the two is formed by calibration, and the inlet humidity control valve 9 corresponding to the difference value Δ RH is called according to the table to adjust the opening)
When the outlet humidity control valve 10 is opened, the opening degree is determined according to the difference value Δ RH and the actual current value I of the cell stack, and the method for determining the opening degree is the same as that for determining the opening degree by the inlet humidity control valve 9, and details are not repeated herein.
The PID control of the inlet humidity control valve 9 and the outlet humidity control valve 10 are both as shown in fig. 2, and the response speed of the control is increased by increasing the feedforward input according to the difference between the target air humidity and the actual air humidity under different working conditions (actual current value of the stack) as the PID control input. Both the feedforward controller and the PID controller are modules within the controller 200.
In the above cases (1), (2), and (3), the inlet humidity control valve 9 is fully opened, i.e., the inlet humidity control valve 9 is directly set to the maximum opening degree, and opening degree adjustment is not required; the fully-opened outlet humidity control valve 10 directly makes the outlet humidity control valve 10 have the maximum opening degree, and opening degree adjustment is not needed.
The method for controlling the air humidity of the fuel cell is explained by a specific flow:
s1, data acquisition
The vehicle control unit sends a signal to the controller 200 to inform that the actual current value I of the electric pile is 260A; the controller 200 obtains the actual air humidity RH of 60%, the actual air temperature T of 80 ℃ and the actual air pressure P of 250kPa at the cathode inlet of the electric pile 100 through the pile-entering temperature, humidity and pressure integrated sensor 11; the controller 200 obtains the air flow rate G of 62G/s through the flowmeter 2, and the controller 200 obtains the actual water content Q through the water content detector 131It was 1.32 g.
S2, calculating target air humidity RH0
Looking up a table according to the actual current value I of the galvanic pile of 260A and the actual air temperature T of 80 ℃ to obtain the standard water content Q of the galvanic pile00.44 g;
when the actual water content Q is1Standard water content of galvanic pile Q0Then, the actual water content Q is calculated1With the standard water content Q in the galvanic pile0Dividing the difference by the correction time T (the correction time T is 0.33s) to obtain a corrected water content value Q of the galvanic pile2，Q2＝(Q1-Q0)/T＝2.7g/s；
According to the actual air humidity RH, the actual air temperature T, the actual air pressure P and the airCalculating the flow G to obtain the water content Q of inlet air of the cathode of the electric pile 1003The calculation method comprises the following steps: according to the actual air humidity RH, the actual air temperature T and the actual air pressure P, the enthalpy-humidity diagram is looked up, the water content of 1kg of air can be calculated to be 80G, and the water content Q of the air at the inlet and the outlet is obtained by multiplying the enthalpy-humidity diagram by the air flow G3，Q3＝5g/s；
When Q3 > Q2Calculating the water content Q3 of inlet air and the corrected value Q of water content of galvanic pile2Obtaining a water content to-be-consumed value delta Q which is 2.3G/s by difference, and calculating according to the delta Q, the air flow G, the actual air temperature T and the actual air pressure P to obtain an air humidity target value RH0The calculation method comprises the following steps: dividing the water content to-be-consumed value delta Q by the air flow G to obtain the air water content of 1kg, wherein the air water content is 37G, and looking up a psychrometric chart according to the actual air temperature T and the actual air pressure P to obtain the target air humidity RH0，RH0＝30％。
S3, calculating delta RH for combined control
When RH > RH0Time calculation of actual air humidity RH and target air humidity RH0Δ RH, Δ RH ═ RH-RH0＝30％；
Jointly controlling a pressure release valve 7 which can bypass the fresh air part entering the humidifier 5 to the mixed discharging device 6, an inlet humidity adjusting valve 9 which can bypass the fresh air part entering the humidifier 5 to the cathode inlet of the electric pile 100, an outlet humidity adjusting valve 10 which can bypass the waste air entering the humidifier 5 to the mixed discharging device 6 and an air compressor 3 which can provide fresh air to the cathode of the electric pile 100 according to the delta RH;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: the controller 200 has preset values of 5% for a, 10% for b, and 20% for c
(1) When the ratio of delta RH is more than 10% and is more than or equal to 5%, the controller 200 obtains the opening degree of the inlet humidity control valve 9 through the delta RH and the actual current value I of the galvanic pile, inputs the opening degree of the inlet humidity control valve 9 into the inlet humidity control valve 9 to realize corresponding opening degree, and enables part of fresh air to enter the humidifier 5 to bypass to the cathode inlet of the galvanic pile 100; or the controller 200 obtains the opening degree of the outlet humidity control valve 10 through the delta RH and the actual current value I of the galvanic pile, inputs the opening degree of the outlet humidity control valve 10 into the outlet humidity control valve 10 to realize the corresponding opening degree, and bypasses the part of the waste air entering the humidifier 5 to the mixing and discharging device 6;
(2) when the ratio of delta RH is more than 20% and is more than or equal to 10%, fully opening the inlet humidity control valve 9 to enable a fresh air part to enter the humidifier 5 to bypass to the cathode inlet of the galvanic pile 100, obtaining the opening degree of the outlet humidity control valve 10 by the controller 200 through the delta RH and the actual galvanic pile current value I, inputting the opening degree of the outlet humidity control valve 10 into the outlet humidity control valve 10 to enable the outlet humidity control valve 10 to achieve a corresponding opening degree, and enabling a waste air part to enter the humidifier 5 to bypass to the mixing and discharging device 6;
(3) when the delta RH is larger than or equal to 20% (in the embodiment, the delta RH is larger than or equal to 20%), increasing the rotating speed of the air compressor 3, controlling the pressure release valve 7 to open to enable a fresh air part to enter the humidifier 5 to bypass the mixing and discharging device 6, keeping the outlet pressure before and after the speed of the air compressor 3 is increased and the air flow entering the cathode of the electric pile 100 consistent, fully opening the inlet humidity control valve 9, enabling a fresh air part to enter the humidifier 5 to bypass the cathode inlet of the electric pile 100, and simultaneously fully opening the outlet humidity control valve 10 to enable a waste air part to enter the humidifier 5 to bypass the mixing and discharging device 6.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell air humidity adjusting system comprises an electric pile (100), a controller (200), an air filter (1), an air compressor (3), an intercooler (4), a humidifier (5) and a mixing and exhausting device (6), wherein the air filter (1), the air compressor (3), the intercooler (4) and the humidifier (5) are sequentially connected to a cathode inlet of the electric pile (100) along an air inlet direction, a cathode outlet of the electric pile (100) is sequentially communicated with the humidifier (5) and the mixing and exhausting device (6) along an air exhaust direction, and the fuel cell air humidity adjusting system is characterized in that,
a pressure release valve (7) used for adjusting the cathode inlet pressure of the electric pile (100) is arranged between the intercooler (4) and the mixing and discharging device (6), an inlet humidity control valve (9) which can make the fresh air entering the humidifier (5) to bypass is arranged between the intercooler (4) and the cathode inlet of the electric pile (100), an outlet humidity control valve (10) which can make the waste air entering the humidifier (5) to bypass is arranged between the cathode outlet of the electric pile (100) and the mixing and discharging device (6), and the cathode inlet and the outlet of the electric pile (100) are provided with monitoring structures used for monitoring pressure, humidity and temperature,
be equipped with flowmeter (2) between air cleaner (1), air compressor machine (3), inside water content detector (13) that is equipped with of galvanic pile (100), controller (200) are connected with flowmeter (2), air compressor machine (3), relief valve (7), entry humidifying valve (9), export humidifying valve (10), water content detector (13), monitoring structure electricity.
2. The air humidity adjusting system of the fuel cell as set forth in claim 1, wherein the monitoring structure comprises an integrated temperature and humidity and pressure sensor (11) for temperature, humidity and pressure measurement at the cathode inlet of the stack (100), and an integrated temperature and humidity and pressure sensor (12) for temperature, humidity and pressure measurement at the cathode outlet of the stack (100), the integrated temperature and humidity and pressure sensor (11) and the integrated temperature and humidity and pressure sensor (12) for outlet are electrically connected with the controller (200).
3. The fuel cell air humidity adjusting system according to claim 1, wherein the intercooler (4) is provided with three outlets respectively communicated with an inlet of the pressure release valve (7), an inlet of the inlet humidity adjusting valve (9) and a dry air side inlet of the humidifier (5), an outlet of the pressure release valve (7) is communicated with an inlet of the mixing and discharging device (6), and an outlet of the inlet humidity adjusting valve (9) and a dry air side outlet of the humidifier (5) are communicated with a cathode inlet of the stack (100).
4. The air humidity adjusting system of the fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein a back pressure valve (8) for adjusting the cathode outlet pressure of the stack (100) is further disposed between the cathode outlet of the stack (100) and the mixing and discharging device (6), and the back pressure valve (8) is electrically connected with the controller (200).
5. The fuel cell air humidity adjusting system according to claim 4, wherein the inlet of the outlet humidity adjusting valve (10) and the wet air side inlet of the humidifier (5) are both connected with the cathode outlet of the stack (100), the outlet of the outlet humidity adjusting valve (10) and the wet air side outlet of the humidifier (5) are both connected with the inlet of the backpressure valve (8), and the outlet of the backpressure valve (8) is communicated with the inlet of the mixing and discharging device (6).
6. A fuel cell air humidity adjustment control method, characterized by comprising the steps of: collecting cathode operation data of the galvanic pile (100), obtaining actual air humidity RH at the inlet, processing the operation data to obtain target air humidity RH at the inlet under the current working condition0When RH > RH0Time calculation of actual air humidity RH and target air humidity RH0The air humidity of the cathode inlet of the electric pile (100) is adjusted by carrying out combined control according to the delta RH, and the combined control comprises a pressure release valve (7) which can make the fresh air part entering the humidifier (5) bypass to the mixing and discharging device (6), an inlet humidity adjusting valve (9) which can make the fresh air part entering the humidifier (5) bypass to the cathode inlet of the electric pile (100), an outlet humidity adjusting valve (10) which can make the waste air entering the humidifier (5) bypass to the mixing and discharging device (6) and an air compressor (3) which can provide fresh air to the cathode of the electric pile (100).
7. The air humidity adjustment control method for a fuel cell according to claim 6, wherein the target air humidity RH at the inlet under the current operating condition is obtained0The method comprises the following steps:
collecting the actual air humidity RH, the actual air temperature T, the actual air pressure P and the air flow G delivered by the air compressor (3) at the cathode inlet of the galvanic pile (100) and the actual water content Q of the cathode of the galvanic pile (100)1The actual current value I of the electric pile;
looking up a table according to I and T to obtain standard water content Q of the galvanic pile0When the actual water content Q is1Standard water content of galvanic pile Q0Then, the actual water content Q is calculated1With the standard water content Q in the galvanic pile0The difference value is divided by the correction time T to obtain the corrected value Q of the water content of the galvanic pile per second2The correction time T is according to I, Q1And RH look-up table is obtained;
calculating according to the actual air humidity RH, the actual air temperature T, the actual air pressure P and the air flow G to obtain the inlet air water content Q3 of the cathode of the galvanic pile (100) per second, when Q3 is more than Q2Then, the water content Q3 of inlet air and the corrected value Q of water content of the galvanic pile are calculated every second2Difference value is obtainedThe water content per second to-be-consumed value delta Q is calculated according to the delta Q, the air flow G, the actual air temperature T and the actual air pressure P to obtain an air humidity target value RH0。
8. The fuel cell air humidity adjustment control method according to claim 6, wherein the method of performing the joint control according to Δ RH includes: the preset value is more than 0 and more than a and more than b and less than or equal to 100 percent,
when b is larger than delta RH and is larger than or equal to a, opening an inlet humidity adjusting valve (9) and controlling the opening degree to enable part of fresh air entering a humidifier (5) to bypass to the cathode inlet of the galvanic pile (100); or opening the outlet humidity adjusting valve (10) and controlling the opening degree to make part of the waste air entering the humidifier (5) bypass to the mixing and discharging device (6);
when c is larger than delta RH and is larger than or equal to b, fully opening the inlet humidity adjusting valve (9), enabling a fresh air part entering the humidifier (5) to bypass to the cathode inlet of the electric pile (100), simultaneously opening the outlet humidity adjusting valve (10) and controlling the opening degree, and enabling a waste air part entering the humidifier (5) to bypass to the mixed exhaust device (6);
when the delta RH is larger than or equal to c, the temperature of the air entering the cathode of the electric pile (100) is increased, the inlet humidifying valve (9) is fully opened, the fresh air entering the humidifier (5) is partially bypassed to the cathode inlet of the electric pile (100), and the outlet humidifying valve (10) is fully opened, so that the waste air entering the humidifier (5) is partially bypassed to the mixing and discharging device (6).
9. The fuel cell air humidity adjustment control method according to claim 8, wherein the method of increasing the temperature of the air entering the cathode of the stack (100) is: the rotating speed of the air compressor (3) is increased, the opening of the pressure release valve (7) is controlled to enable part of fresh air entering the humidifier (5) to be bypassed to the mixing and exhausting device (6), and the outlet pressure before and after the speed of the air compressor (3) is increased and the air flow entering the cathode of the electric pile (100) are kept consistent.
10. The fuel cell air humidity adjustment control method according to claim 8, wherein the opening degree is determined based on the difference Δ RH and the stack actual current value I when the inlet humidity adjustment valve (9) is opened, and the opening degree is determined based on the difference Δ RH and the stack actual current value I when the outlet humidity adjustment valve (10) is opened.
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