Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
Referring to FIG. 1, a method for artificial intelligence based invoice reimbursement in accordance with an embodiment of the application includes:
s1: acquiring information types of reimbursement invoices selected by a user, wherein the information types comprise picture invoices and text invoices;
s2: invoking a first information acquisition mode corresponding to the picture invoice to acquire the appointed information in the picture invoice, and invoking a second information acquisition mode corresponding to the text invoice to acquire the appointed information in the text invoice;
s3: checking the background database, and judging whether a history reimbursement record corresponding to the specified information exists in the background database;
s4: if not, the appointed information is assigned to be a dynamic variable of the page through an appointed function;
s5: combining the assigned dynamic variable and the preset static variable into an invoice reimbursement bill;
s6: and starting invoice auditing and invoice reimbursement according to the invoice reimbursement bill.
The invoice reimbursement system provided by the application is composed of the HTML page, can support multiple persons to submit invoices at the same time, and can store invoice information submitted by different users at the same time. And when the user updates invoice information each time, the loading page is dynamically refreshed and loaded through a javascript technology, so that the page loading speed is increased. For example, when only the invoice information content of the invoice reported this time in the HTML page is refreshed, other contents of the HTML page are not changed and serve as static variables, and the static variables are assigned once only when the system is started initially. For the part to be refreshed, the jquery framework of the javascript library is used, and is imported into the current code through tag matching as a dynamic variable. When a user clicks a submit button to submit an invoice, data of the client are transmitted to the background through a location.load () function to refresh the data, after an invoice reimbursement bill is formed, the user terminal submitting the invoice can confirm whether the invoice amount is wrong or not to the invoice reimbursement system after receiving the related amount, and if the invoice amount is wrong, the user terminal clicks the confirmation, and then starts subsequent auditing and reimbursement. If the invoice amount is wrong, describing specific problem content, and feeding back to an invoice reimbursement system to serve as an optimization basis of a model algorithm in the follow-up information identification and acquisition of the invoice reimbursement system.
The specified information includes, but is not limited to, invoice date, invoice code, invoice head, invoice tax number, invoice type, invoice amount, and the like. And the picture invoice and the text invoice are different in acquisition mode, the picture invoice refers to a paperboard invoice, a user is required to scan the picture invoice and then upload a scanned picture to obtain the picture invoice, and the text invoice refers to an electronic invoice and can be acquired by linking with the website of the electronic invoice. The above-mentioned picture invoice specification information is obtained by a combination of OCR (Optical Character Recognition ) and deep neural network. The specified information of the text invoice is obtained through a python crawler mode. The picture invoice and the text invoice are distinguished by reading the file suffix of the invoice uploaded by the user. According to the application, the repeated data check is performed in the background database, so that repeated invoices are prevented from being found in time, the follow-up auditing and calculating processes are borrowed, and the invoice reimbursement accuracy is improved.
According to the application, key information of the newly uploaded invoice is used as a dynamic parameter, information except the key information of the invoice reimbursement bill is used as a static parameter, then the key information of the invoice is accurately acquired as the dynamic parameter by an information acquisition mode corresponding to different invoice types corresponding to the picture invoice and the text invoice, and the key information is combined with the static information to quickly form the invoice reimbursement bill, so that the invoice reimbursement bill can be quickly completed, the error probability is reduced, the time is saved, and the processing efficiency is improved.
Further, the step S6 of starting invoice verification and invoice reimbursement according to the invoice reimbursement ticket includes:
s61: acquiring a designated department to which the user belongs;
s62: selecting a designated audit path corresponding to the designated department;
s63: judging whether the auditing result of the appointed auditing path passes auditing;
s64: if yes, linking a national tax official network, and judging whether invoice information of the invoice reimbursement bill is effective or not;
s65: if yes, the invoice amount of the invoice reimbursement bill is distributed to the bank account corresponding to the user.
The user of the application is a registered user of the system, and the user fills in the information of the department during registration, including but not limited to name, telephone, mailbox, bank card number, etc., and clicks a save button, and the information of the department is stored in a background database. The appointed auditing path and the department information of the appointed department are stored in the background database in an associated mode, and a preset auditing path corresponding to the department information is conveniently and timely selected according to the department information. The appointed auditing path is composed of a plurality of auditing nodes, and the auditing nodes are sequentially arranged according to the auditing grade from low to high.
After each node in the auditing path passes the auditing, the node can automatically request to access the national tax officer network, and determine whether the information of the current invoice is accurate or not from the national tax officer network so as to verify the validity of the invoice. For example, judging that when the page loading is completed, requesting the database in the code to inquire invoice information, comparing the invoice information with the invoice information in the national tax officer web page, and if the invoice information is consistent, the invoice is valid, otherwise, invalidating the invoice. The invoice reimbursement system is bound with the financial system, after invoice filling and checking are completed, the financial system enters a unified check account, after the amount is confirmed to be correct, the amount of reimbursement invoice is automatically billed to a bank account corresponding to the user through the financial system, and personal account billing operation is carried out according to the actual reimbursement amount of the user counted by a background database through bank authorization service. Compared with the existing manual auditing process, the method has the advantages that the digital circulation of information is realized, the auditing process time is saved, the fixation, the storage and the analysis of data are realized through the digitization of the information, the data checking and the global analysis are facilitated, and the accuracy of the information is improved.
Further, after the step S65 of distributing the invoice amount of the invoice slip to the bank account corresponding to the user, the method includes:
s66: acquiring label information selected by an summarized invoice initiated by a request end;
s67: performing multi-table association inquiry in the background database according to the tag information to acquire all invoice reimbursement sheets associated with the tag information;
s68: and displaying all invoice reimbursement sheets on the display page of the request end according to a preset summary table.
In the embodiment of the application, the label information comprises an initiator label, a department label, a time label and the like, and summarized data with different requirements can be realized according to the label information. In the summarizing process, contents conforming to the tag information in multiple tables are copied into a summarizing table in a centralized manner in a multi-table association query mode, all invoice reimbursement bill data corresponding to the tag information are formed, data summarizing display is realized, an invoice total list and a personal list are automatically generated, and paper invoices and electronic invoices are distinguished through source marks. Before writing data into the database, a link is established with the database in the written code, and a link field is established in a database table. And when the electronic invoice information is written into the database, the obtained electronic invoice information is stored into the mark field of the database by using the sql language to form the label information. In order to distinguish paper invoices from electronic invoices, source tags are arranged, for example, the tag flag of the electronic invoice is silently written as 1, and the tag flag of the paper invoice is 0 so as to mark different sources, thereby being beneficial to information summarization according to different tag information, realizing that corresponding data are quickly and conveniently acquired as required and are displayed in a centralized manner, and improving the convenience of data processing and data application.
Further, the step S2 of calling the first information obtaining manner corresponding to the picture invoice to obtain the specified information in the picture invoice includes:
s21: starting a designated optical character recognition algorithm;
s22: scanning the picture invoice through the optical character recognition process to obtain scanning data;
s23: inputting the scanning data into a preset cyclic neural network model to obtain a recognition result;
s24: and taking the identification result as the appointed information in the picture invoice.
In the application, aiming at the paper invoice, in the process of translating the paper invoice into computer characters after scanning the invoice through an OCR character recognition technology, the accuracy of recognition is improved through an RNN (RNN cyclic neural network) model algorithm, and the accuracy of information recognition in the paper invoice is improved through training the model weight with the highest accuracy of training by a training set.
Further, the step S23 of inputting the scan data into a preset recurrent neural network model to obtain a recognition result includes:
s231: converting the scan data into a specified vector;
s232: classifying and identifying the specified vector through a preset clustering algorithm to obtain the clustering probability of the specified vector corresponding to each cluster;
s233: and inputting the clustering probability and the specified vector into the preset cyclic neural network model to obtain a recognition result corresponding to the scanning data.
The application discloses a method for realizing circulation by using a cyclic neural network model, which is characterized in that a preset cyclic neural network model is an RNN cyclic neural network model, a weighting value closest to an actual result is confirmed through a result of a function action by weighting a current input and a previous input, and the last calculated output of the RNN cyclic neural network model is taken as an input. Training according to a time sequence, taking the output of the upper hidden layer as the input of the lower hidden layer, combining the weights of the hidden layers to obtain an output result, recording the training loss of each step of the RNN neural network model through a loss function, and adjusting the weight value of each step until a precise identification result is obtained. Hidden layer at time t: h (t) =z (ux+wh (t-1+b)), Z () is a tanh activation function, Z (x) = (e (x) -e (-x))/(e (x) +e (-x)), and the output layer at time t: o (t) =g (Vh (t) +c), G () is a softmax function, G (x) =1/(1+e (-x)), where x represents input, h represents hidden layer unit, o is output, b and c are preset correction parameters, and U/V/W/is weight.
In order to improve the recognition accuracy of the RNN circulating neural network model on the scanning data, the RNN circulating neural network model is subjected to guiding intervention through an LSTM long-short term gating technology and a K-means clustering algorithm, namely, the data is input through a double-input gate, and meanwhile, the sigmoid activation function of the K-means clustering algorithm and the tanh function of the LSTM long-short term gating technology act on the neural cell state update of the RNN circulating neural network model, so that the similarity of an invoice and each cluster is obtained according to the classification information of the invoice vector, and the recognition character accuracy of the RNN circulating neural network model is improved. The trained RNN cyclic neural network model can lock the recognition range of the input information according to the classification information of the input data, and the recognition accuracy of invoice information is improved.
Further, the step S2 of calling a second information obtaining manner corresponding to the text invoice to obtain the specified information in the text invoice includes:
s201: starting a python crawler to download webpage information corresponding to the text invoice from an electronic invoice website set to be crawled;
s202: storing the webpage information in a temporary database;
s203: and cleaning the data in the temporary data to obtain the specified information corresponding to the text invoice.
In the embodiment of the application, the electronic version text invoice actively captures the invoice information of the electronic version text invoice by the python crawler, and pops up the invoice core information after identifying the invoice information, wherein the invoice core information comprises invoice date, invoice code, invoice number, head-up, tax number and the like, and a user submitting the invoice only needs to input the actual reimbursement amount click confirmation. The URL manager manages the electronic invoice website set to be crawled, downloads the webpage content to the local by using the webpage downloading device, sends a request to the target site server through an HTTP request, obtains webpage link information of all electronic invoices, and stores the webpage link information into a temporary database, so that the webpage link information is convenient for subsequent calling. The obtained webpage link information is stored in a csv file or a database, invoice information content in the webpage link information is cleaned, irrelevant content is removed, main invoice information can be directly obtained, and accuracy of obtaining information in an electronic version text invoice is ensured.
Further, the step S3 of checking the background database to determine whether there is a history reimbursement record corresponding to the specified information in the background database includes:
s31: acquiring a first vector corresponding to the specified information and a second vector corresponding to an invoice specified in the background database, wherein the specified invoice is any invoice in the background database;
s32: calculating a vector similarity value of the first vector and the second vector by a specified formula, wherein the specified formula is thatX represents a vector similarity value, M is the first vector, N is the second vector, mi is a component corresponding to the ith information dimension of the first vector, ni is a component corresponding to the ith information dimension of the second vector, and the first vector and the second vector are provided with p information dimensions with the same arrangement times;
s33: judging whether the vector similarity value is larger than a preset threshold value or not;
s34: if yes, judging that the historical reimbursement records corresponding to the specified information exist in the background database, otherwise, judging that the historical reimbursement records do not exist.
According to the application, invoice information is processed into multi-dimensional vectors according to different information types, and then the similarity among the multi-dimensional vectors is compared for duplicate checking. And the duplicate checking accuracy is improved by referring to all invoice main information.
Referring to FIG. 2, an artificial intelligence based invoice reimbursement device of an embodiment of the application includes:
the acquisition module 1 is used for acquiring the information type of the reimbursement invoice selected by the user, wherein the information type comprises a picture invoice and a text invoice;
the calling module 2 is used for calling a first information acquisition mode corresponding to the picture invoice to acquire the appointed information in the picture invoice, and calling a second information acquisition mode corresponding to the text invoice to acquire the appointed information in the text invoice;
the judging module 3 is used for checking the background database and judging whether a history reimbursement record corresponding to the specified information exists in the background database;
the assignment module 4 is used for assigning the specified information into the dynamic variable of the page through a specified function if the historical reimbursement record corresponding to the specified information does not exist;
the combination module 5 is used for combining the assigned dynamic variable and the preset static variable into an invoice reimbursement bill;
and the starting module 6 is used for starting invoice verification and invoice reimbursement according to the invoice reimbursement list.
The explanation of the relevant portions of the corresponding portions of the applicable methods in the embodiments of the present application is not repeated.
Further, the starting module 6 includes:
a first acquiring unit configured to acquire a designated department to which the user belongs;
a selection unit for selecting a specified audit path corresponding to the specified department;
the first judging unit is used for judging whether the auditing result of the appointed auditing path passes the auditing;
the link unit is used for linking the national tax official network if the verification is passed, and judging whether the invoice information of the invoice reimbursement bill is valid or not;
and the distributing unit is used for distributing the invoice amount of the invoice reimbursement bill to the bank account corresponding to the user if the invoice amount is effective.
Further, the starting module 6 includes:
the second acquisition unit is used for acquiring label information selected by the summarized invoice initiated by the request end;
the third acquisition unit is used for carrying out multi-table association inquiry in the background database according to the label information to acquire all invoice reimbursement sheets associated with the label information;
and the display unit is used for displaying all invoice reimbursement sheets on the request end display page according to a preset summary table.
Further, the calling module 2 includes:
a first starting unit for starting a specified optical character recognition algorithm;
the scanning unit is used for scanning the picture invoice through the optical character recognition flow to obtain scanning data;
the input unit is used for inputting the scanning data into a preset cyclic neural network model to obtain an identification result;
and the unit is used for taking the identification result as the specified information in the picture invoice.
Further, the input unit includes:
a conversion subunit for converting the scan data into a specified vector;
the identification subunit is used for carrying out classification identification on the specified vector through a preset clustering algorithm to obtain the clustering probability of the specified vector corresponding to each cluster;
and the input subunit is used for inputting the clustering probability and the specified vector into the preset cyclic neural network model to obtain the identification result corresponding to the scanning data.
Further, the calling module 2 includes:
the second starting unit is used for starting the python crawler to download the webpage information corresponding to the text invoice from the electronic invoice website set to be crawled;
the storage unit is used for storing the webpage information in a temporary database;
and the cleaning unit is used for cleaning the data in the temporary data to obtain the specified information corresponding to the text invoice.
Further, the judging module 3 includes:
a fourth obtaining unit, configured to obtain a first vector corresponding to the specified information and a second vector corresponding to a specified invoice in the background database, where the specified invoice is any invoice in the background database;
a calculation unit for calculating a vector similarity value between the first vector and the second vector by a specified formula, wherein the specified formula is thatX represents a vector similarity value, M is the first vector, N is the second vector, mi is a component corresponding to the ith information dimension of the first vector, ni is a component corresponding to the ith information dimension of the second vector, and the first vector and the second vector are provided with p information dimensions with the same arrangement times;
the second judging unit is used for judging whether the vector similarity value is larger than a preset threshold value or not;
and the judging unit is used for judging that the historical reimbursement record corresponding to the specified information exists in the background database if the historical reimbursement record is larger than the preset threshold value, or else, the historical reimbursement record does not exist.
Referring to fig. 3, in an embodiment of the present application, there is further provided a computer device, which may be a server, and an internal structure thereof may be as shown in fig. 3. The computer device includes a processor, a memory, a network interface, and a database connected by a system bus. Wherein the computer is configured to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system, computer programs, and a database. The memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage media. The database of the computer device is used to store all the data required for the artificial intelligence based invoice reimbursement process. The network interface of the computer device is used for communicating with an external terminal through a network connection. The computer program when executed by a processor implements a method of artificial intelligence based invoice reimbursement.
The processor executes the method for reimbursement of the invoice based on the artificial intelligence, which comprises the following steps: acquiring information types of reimbursement invoices selected by a user, wherein the information types comprise picture invoices and text invoices; invoking a first information acquisition mode corresponding to the picture invoice to acquire the appointed information in the picture invoice, and invoking a second information acquisition mode corresponding to the text invoice to acquire the appointed information in the text invoice; checking the background database, and judging whether a history reimbursement record corresponding to the specified information exists in the background database; if not, the appointed information is assigned to be a dynamic variable of the page through an appointed function; combining the assigned dynamic variable and the preset static variable into an invoice reimbursement bill; and starting invoice auditing and invoice reimbursement according to the invoice reimbursement bill.
According to the computer equipment, the key information of the newly uploaded invoice is used as the dynamic parameter, the information except the key information of the invoice reimbursement bill is used as the static parameter, then the key information of the invoice is accurately acquired through the invoice type and combined with the static information, the invoice reimbursement bill is rapidly formed, the electronization of invoice reimbursement data is realized, the invoice reimbursement matters can be rapidly completed, the error probability is reduced, the time is saved, and the processing efficiency is improved.
In one embodiment, the step of enabling the processor to audit and reimburse the invoice according to the invoice reimbursement ticket includes: acquiring a designated department to which the user belongs; selecting a designated audit path corresponding to the designated department; judging whether the auditing result of the appointed auditing path passes auditing; if yes, linking a national tax official network, and judging whether invoice information of the invoice reimbursement bill is effective or not; if yes, the invoice amount of the invoice reimbursement bill is distributed to the bank account corresponding to the user.
In one embodiment, after the step of sending the invoice amount of the invoice slip to the bank account corresponding to the user, the processor includes: acquiring label information selected by an summarized invoice initiated by a request end; performing multi-table association inquiry in the background database according to the tag information to acquire all invoice reimbursement sheets associated with the tag information; and displaying all invoice reimbursement sheets on the display page of the request end according to a preset summary table.
In one embodiment, the step of the processor invoking a first information obtaining manner corresponding to the picture invoice to obtain the specified information in the picture invoice includes: starting a designated optical character recognition algorithm; scanning the picture invoice through the optical character recognition process to obtain scanning data; inputting the scanning data into a preset cyclic neural network model to obtain a recognition result; and taking the identification result as the appointed information in the picture invoice.
In one embodiment, the step of inputting the scan data into a preset recurrent neural network model to obtain the identification result includes: converting the scan data into a specified vector; classifying and identifying the specified vector through a preset clustering algorithm to obtain the clustering probability of the specified vector corresponding to each cluster; and inputting the clustering probability and the specified vector into the preset cyclic neural network model to obtain a recognition result corresponding to the scanning data.
In one embodiment, the step of the processor invoking a second information obtaining manner corresponding to the text invoice to obtain the specified information in the text invoice includes: starting a python crawler to download webpage information corresponding to the text invoice from an electronic invoice website set to be crawled; storing the webpage information in a temporary database; and cleaning the data in the temporary data to obtain the specified information corresponding to the text invoice.
In one embodiment, the step of determining, by the processor, whether a history reimbursement record corresponding to the specified information exists in the background database includes: acquiring a first vector corresponding to the specified information and a second vector corresponding to an invoice specified in the background database, wherein the specified invoice is any invoice in the background database; calculating a vector similarity value of the first vector and the second vector by a specified formula, wherein the specified formula is thatX represents a vector similarity value, M is the first vector, N is the second vector, mi is a component corresponding to the ith information dimension of the first vector, ni is a component corresponding to the ith information dimension of the second vector, and the first vector and the second vector are provided with p information dimensions with the same arrangement times; judging whether the vector similarity value is larger than a preset threshold value or not; if yes, judging that the historical reimbursement records corresponding to the specified information exist in the background database, otherwise, judging that the historical reimbursement records do not exist.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the architecture shown in fig. 3 is merely a block diagram of a portion of the architecture in connection with the present inventive arrangements and is not intended to limit the computer devices to which the present inventive arrangements are applicable.
An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements a method for artificial intelligence based invoice reimbursement, comprising: acquiring information types of reimbursement invoices selected by a user, wherein the information types comprise picture invoices and text invoices; invoking a first information acquisition mode corresponding to the picture invoice to acquire the appointed information in the picture invoice, and invoking a second information acquisition mode corresponding to the text invoice to acquire the appointed information in the text invoice; checking the background database, and judging whether a history reimbursement record corresponding to the specified information exists in the background database; if not, the appointed information is assigned to be a dynamic variable of the page through an appointed function; combining the assigned dynamic variable and the preset static variable into an invoice reimbursement bill; and starting invoice auditing and invoice reimbursement according to the invoice reimbursement bill.
According to the computer readable storage medium, the key information of the newly uploaded invoice is used as the dynamic parameter, the information except the key information of the invoice reimbursement bill is used as the static parameter, then the key information of the invoice is accurately acquired through the invoice type, the invoice reimbursement bill is combined with the static information, the invoice reimbursement bill is rapidly formed, the electronization of invoice reimbursement data is realized, the invoice reimbursement event can be rapidly completed, the error probability is reduced, the time is saved, and the processing efficiency is improved.
In one embodiment, the step of enabling the processor to audit and reimburse the invoice according to the invoice reimbursement ticket includes: acquiring a designated department to which the user belongs; selecting a designated audit path corresponding to the designated department; judging whether the auditing result of the appointed auditing path passes auditing; if yes, linking a national tax official network, and judging whether invoice information of the invoice reimbursement bill is effective or not; if yes, the invoice amount of the invoice reimbursement bill is distributed to the bank account corresponding to the user.
In one embodiment, after the step of sending the invoice amount of the invoice slip to the bank account corresponding to the user, the processor includes: acquiring label information selected by an summarized invoice initiated by a request end; performing multi-table association inquiry in the background database according to the tag information to acquire all invoice reimbursement sheets associated with the tag information; and displaying all invoice reimbursement sheets on the display page of the request end according to a preset summary table.
In one embodiment, the step of the processor invoking a first information obtaining manner corresponding to the picture invoice to obtain the specified information in the picture invoice includes: starting a designated optical character recognition algorithm; scanning the picture invoice through the optical character recognition process to obtain scanning data; inputting the scanning data into a preset cyclic neural network model to obtain a recognition result; and taking the identification result as the appointed information in the picture invoice.
In one embodiment, the step of inputting the scan data into a preset recurrent neural network model to obtain the identification result includes: converting the scan data into a specified vector; classifying and identifying the specified vector through a preset clustering algorithm to obtain the clustering probability of the specified vector corresponding to each cluster; and inputting the clustering probability and the specified vector into the preset cyclic neural network model to obtain a recognition result corresponding to the scanning data.
In one embodiment, the step of the processor invoking a second information obtaining manner corresponding to the text invoice to obtain the specified information in the text invoice includes: starting a python crawler to download webpage information corresponding to the text invoice from an electronic invoice website set to be crawled; storing the webpage information in a temporary database; and cleaning the data in the temporary data to obtain the specified information corresponding to the text invoice.
In one embodiment, the step of determining, by the processor, whether a history reimbursement record corresponding to the specified information exists in the background database includes: obtaining a first vector corresponding to the specified information and a second vector corresponding to the invoice in the background database,wherein, the appointed invoice is any invoice in the background database; calculating a vector similarity value of the first vector and the second vector by a specified formula, wherein the specified formula is thatX represents a vector similarity value, M is the first vector, N is the second vector, mi is a component corresponding to the ith information dimension of the first vector, ni is a component corresponding to the ith information dimension of the second vector, and the first vector and the second vector are provided with p information dimensions with the same arrangement times; judging whether the vector similarity value is larger than a preset threshold value or not; if yes, judging that the historical reimbursement records corresponding to the specified information exist in the background database, otherwise, judging that the historical reimbursement records do not exist.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that implementing all or part of the above-described methods may be accomplished by way of a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, which when executed may comprise the steps of the embodiments of the methods described above. Any reference to memory, storage, database, or other medium provided by the present application and used in embodiments may include non-volatile and/or volatile memory. The nonvolatile memory can include Read Only Memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically Programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include Random Access Memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in a variety of forms such as Static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), dual speed data rate SDRAM (SSRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous Link DRAM (SLDRAM), memory bus direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM), among others.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, apparatus, article, or method that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, apparatus, article, or method. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, apparatus, article or method that comprises the element.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the application, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes using the descriptions and drawings of the present application or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields are included in the scope of the application.