CN113064212B - Device and method for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity Download PDFInfo
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- CN113064212B CN113064212B CN202110295605.8A CN202110295605A CN113064212B CN 113064212 B CN113064212 B CN 113064212B CN 202110295605 A CN202110295605 A CN 202110295605A CN 113064212 B CN113064212 B CN 113064212B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity, when a voice coil motor drives a first angular cone prism to do free fall motion on the earth surface, near the earth surface or in space, a first unpolarized beam splitting cube respectively emits received laser beams to the first angular cone prism and a second unpolarized beam splitting cube after splitting, the first angular cone prism reflects the received laser beams to the second unpolarized beam splitting cube, the second unpolarized beam splitting cube combines the received two laser beams and emits the combined laser beams to a first silicon detector, the first silicon detector acquires a plurality of voltage values according to time sequence, and a chip acquires absolute gravity or microgravity according to the plurality of voltage values acquired by the first silicon detector according to the time sequence.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of absolute gravity and microgravity measurement, in particular to a device and a method for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity.
Background
At present, a precise absolute gravity measurement technology is widely applied to various fields such as earth science research, resource exploration, earthquake prediction, gravitational field navigation, missile guidance and the like, and microgravity measurement is an important subject in space science and application, but the current absolute gravimeter product only can measure absolute gravity in a ground surface environment, and the electrostatic suspension accelerometer only can measure acceleration in the microgravity environment, and a device for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity cannot be considered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a device and a method for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme of the device for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity is as follows:
the device comprises a chip, a first angular cone prism, a voice coil motor for driving the first angular cone prism to do free falling motion, a first unpolarized beam splitting cube, a second unpolarized beam splitting cube and a first silicon detector which are sequentially arranged;
the first unpolarized beam splitting cube splits received laser and then irradiates the received laser to the first angular cone prism and the second unpolarized beam splitting cube respectively, the first angular cone prism reflects the received laser to the second unpolarized beam splitting cube, the second unpolarized beam splitting cube combines the received two laser beams and then irradiates the received two laser beams to the first silicon detector, and when the voice coil motor drives the first angular cone prism to do free fall motion, the first silicon detector acquires a plurality of voltage values according to time sequence;
the chip is used for acquiring a plurality of voltage values according to the first silicon detector in time sequence to obtain absolute gravity or microgravity.
The device for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity has the beneficial effects that:
when the voice coil motor drives the first angular cone prism to do free falling motion, the first unpolarized beam splitting cube splits received laser and then irradiates the received laser to the first angular cone prism and the second unpolarized beam splitting cube respectively, the first angular cone prism reflects the received laser to the second unpolarized beam splitting cube, the second unpolarized beam splitting cube combines the received two laser beams and then irradiates the combined laser beams to the first silicon detector, the first silicon detector acquires a plurality of voltage values according to time sequence, and the chip acquires absolute gravity or microgravity according to the plurality of voltage values acquired by the first silicon detector according to time sequence.
On the basis of the scheme, the device for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity can be improved as follows.
Further, the device also comprises a second pyramid prism, a third unpolarized beam splitting cube, a fourth unpolarized beam splitting cube, a fifth unpolarized beam splitting cube and a second silicon detector which are sequentially arranged;
The third unpolarized beam splitting cube splits the received laser to obtain first reflected light and first transmitted light, wherein the first reflected light is sent to the first unpolarized beam splitting cube, and the first transmitted light is sent to the fourth unpolarized beam splitting cube;
the fourth unpolarized beam splitting cube splits the first transmitted light to obtain fourth reflected light and fifth transmitted light, wherein the fourth reflected light is sent to the second pyramid prism, and the fifth transmitted light is sent to the fifth unpolarized beam splitting cube;
the second pyramid prism reflects the fourth reflected light to obtain fifth reflected light which is emitted to the fifth unpolarized beam splitting cube, and the fifth unpolarized beam splitting cube combines the fifth transmitted light and the fifth reflected light and emits the fifth transmitted light and the fifth reflected light to the second silicon detector to obtain a plurality of monitoring voltage values for monitoring the coherence of laser received by the third unpolarized beam splitting cube.
The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: when the absolute gravity or the microgravity is measured, the coherence of the laser received by the third unpolarized beam splitting cube can be monitored through a plurality of monitoring voltage values obtained by the second silicon detector, the coherence of the laser received by the third unpolarized beam splitting cube directly influences the coherence of the laser received by the first unpolarized beam splitting cube, the accuracy of measuring the absolute gravity and the microgravity is further influenced, and when the monitored coherence of the laser received by the third unpolarized beam splitting cube is good, the accuracy of measuring the absolute gravity and the microgravity is high.
And when the laser returns to the original path, the direction of the free falling body movement of the first angular cone prism is determined to be consistent with the direction of the real gravitational field.
The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: when the laser which is shot to the horizontal liquid surface of the horizontal liquid surface component returns along the original path, the direction of the free falling body movement of the first angular cone prism is identical to the direction of the real gravity field, and the accuracy of measuring absolute gravity and microgravity is further improved.
The device further comprises a mounting surface verticality adjusting mechanism, wherein the mounting surface verticality adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the spatial attitude of a light path, so that laser reflected to the second unpolarized beam splitting cube by the first angular cone prism is emitted to the horizontal liquid level of the horizontal liquid level component through the iris diaphragm, and the laser reflected by the horizontal liquid level returns along the original path of the incident direction.
The beam expander expands the initial laser to obtain expanded laser, and emits the expanded laser to the third unpolarized beam splitting cube.
Further, the vacuum cabin is used for providing a vacuum environment, and the first angular cone prism, the voice coil motor, the first unpolarized beam splitting cube and the second unpolarized beam splitting cube are all arranged in the vacuum cabin.
Further, at least one light-transmitting glass window is arranged on the vacuum bin.
The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: the measurement personnel observe through the light-transmitting glass window conveniently.
Further, the device further comprises a case, wherein the vacuum bin, the second pyramid prism, the third unpolarized beam splitting cube, the fourth unpolarized beam splitting cube, the fifth unpolarized beam splitting cube, the first silicon detector and the second silicon detector are all arranged in the case, and the iris diaphragm is arranged on the wall of the case.
Further, the chip is specifically used for:
obtaining all the stripe zero-crossing time points according to the voltage values respectively acquired at every two adjacent time points and a first formula, wherein the first formula is as follows:wherein t is i ＝(i-1)*T s ，t i Representing the corresponding time point when the ith voltage value is acquired, T s Representing the sampling period, U i And U i+1 Representing the voltage values acquired respectively at any two adjacent time points, and U i And U i+1 The method meets the following conditions: u (U) i *U i+1 J is a positive integer less than or equal to 0, j is a positive integer, and j is less than or equal to N, wherein N represents the total number of the zero crossing time points of the stripes;
will T j 、T j+1 T is as follows j 、T j+1 After the displacement of the first angular cone prism which corresponds to the first angular cone prism is carried into a second formula when the first angular cone prism performs free falling motion, performing least square fitting to obtain a fitting result, and obtaining absolute gravity a or microgravity a according to a quadratic term coefficient of the fitting result, wherein the second formula is as follows: represented at T j The total displacement of the free-falling body movements occurring in the first angular cone prism +>i calculating T from the first formula j Corresponding to the time of getting->Indicating that the first angular cone prism is at T j And the speed lambda represents the wavelength of the laser light received by the first angular cone prism. />Represented at T j+1 The total displacement of free falling motion generated by the first angular cone prism.
The technical scheme of the method for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity is as follows:
by adopting the device for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity according to any one of the above, when the voice coil motor drives the first angular cone prism to do free falling motion, the first silicon detector acquires a plurality of voltage values according to time sequence, and the chip executes the following steps:
obtaining all stripe zero crossing time points according to voltage values acquired by a measuring device for measuring absolute gravity at every two adjacent time points and a first formula, wherein the first formula is as follows: Wherein t is i ＝(i-1)*T s ，t i Representing the corresponding time point when the ith voltage value is acquired, T s Representing the sampling period, U i And U i+1 Representing the voltage values acquired respectively at any two adjacent time points, and U i And U i+1 The method meets the following conditions: u (U) i *U i+1 I is a positive integer less than or equal to 0, j is a positive integer, j is less than or equal to N, and N represents the total number of the zero crossing time points of the stripes;
will T j 、T j+1 T is as follows j 、T j+1 After the displacement of the first angular cone prism which corresponds to the first angular cone prism is carried into a second formula when the first angular cone prism performs free falling motion, performing least square fitting to obtain a fitting result, and obtaining absolute gravity a or microgravity a according to a quadratic term coefficient of the fitting result, wherein the second formula is as follows: represented at T j The total displacement of the free-falling body movements occurring in the first angular cone prism +>i calculating T from the first formula j Corresponding to the time of getting->Indicating that the first angular cone prism is at T j And the speed lambda represents the wavelength of the laser light received by the first angular cone prism. />Represented at T j+1 The total displacement of free falling motion generated by the first angular cone prism.
The method for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity has the beneficial effects that:
based on the device capable of measuring the absolute gravity and the microgravity, the method for measuring the absolute gravity and the microgravity can be used for measuring the absolute gravity and the microgravity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The device for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity comprises a chip, a first angular cone prism 7, a voice coil motor for driving the first angular cone prism 7 to do free falling motion, a first unpolarized beam splitting cube 4, a second unpolarized beam splitting cube 5 and a first silicon detector 9 which are sequentially arranged;
the first unpolarized beam splitting cube 4 splits the received laser and then irradiates the received laser to the first angular cone prism 7 and the second unpolarized beam splitting cube 5 respectively, the first angular cone prism 7 reflects the received laser to the second unpolarized beam splitting cube 5, the second unpolarized beam splitting cube 5 splits the received two laser and then irradiates the received two laser to the first silicon detector 9, and when the voice coil motor drives the first angular cone prism 7 to do free-fall motion, the first silicon detector 9 acquires a plurality of voltage values according to time sequence;
the chip is used for acquiring absolute gravity or microgravity according to a plurality of voltage values acquired by the first silicon detector 9 according to time sequence.
In the vicinity of the earth surface or in space, when a voice coil motor drives a first angular cone prism 7 to do free falling motion, a first unpolarized beam splitting cube 4 splits received laser and then irradiates the received laser to the first angular cone prism 7 and a second unpolarized beam splitting cube 5 respectively, the first angular cone prism 7 reflects the received laser to the second unpolarized beam splitting cube 5, the second unpolarized beam splitting cube 5 combines the received two laser beams and irradiates the combined laser beams to a first silicon detector 9, the first silicon detector 9 collects a plurality of voltage values according to time sequence, and the chip acquires absolute gravity or microgravity according to the plurality of voltage values collected by the first silicon detector 9 according to time sequence.
The absolute gravity is the absolute gravity value at any point on the earth's surface, and is the resultant force of the gravitational force of the whole earth mass on the object of unit mass at that point and the inertial centrifugal force generated by the earth's rotation at that point. It is equal to the gravitational acceleration value at that point. Specifically:
the force of an object on the earth's surface due to the attraction of the earth is called gravity. In a broad sense, gravity can be understood as: the object receives a resultant force of an attractive force of the earth (including other celestial substances such as the sun and moon) and an inertial centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the earth. The purpose of absolute gravity measurement is to measure the gravitational acceleration g at or near the surface of the earth (including other celestial substances such as the sun, moon, etc.), the unit of gravitational acceleration being m/s in terms of international units 2 In measuring absolute gravity, gal is usually used as a unit, gal (Gal), 1Gal=10 -2 m/s 2 。
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the device further comprises a second pyramid prism 13, and a third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6, a fourth unpolarized beam splitting cube 11, a fifth unpolarized beam splitting cube 12 and a second silicon detector 16 which are sequentially arranged;
the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6 splits the received laser light to obtain a first reflected light 26 and a first transmitted light 25, wherein the first reflected light 26 is emitted to the first unpolarized beam splitting cube 4, and the first transmitted light 25 is emitted to the fourth unpolarized beam splitting cube 11;
the fourth unpolarized beam splitting cube 11 splits the first transmitted light 25 to obtain a fourth reflected light 27 and a fifth transmitted light 29, wherein the fourth reflected light 27 is incident on the second pyramid prism 13, and the fifth transmitted light 29 is incident on the fifth unpolarized beam splitting cube 12;
the second pyramid prism 13 reflects the fourth reflected light 27 to obtain a fifth reflected light 28 that is emitted to the fifth unpolarized beam splitting cube 12, and the fifth unpolarized beam splitting cube 12 combines the fifth transmitted light 29 and the fifth reflected light 28 and emits the combined light to the second silicon detector 16 to obtain a plurality of monitoring voltage values for monitoring the coherence of the laser light received by the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6.
When the absolute gravity or microgravity is measured, a plurality of monitoring voltage values obtained by the second silicon detector 16 can monitor the coherence of the laser received by the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6, the coherence of the laser received by the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6 directly affects the coherence of the laser received by the first unpolarized beam splitting cube 4, and further affects the accuracy of measuring the absolute gravity and the microgravity, when the monitored coherence of the laser received by the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6 is good, the accuracy of measuring the absolute gravity and the microgravity is high, wherein the coherence of the laser received by the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6 can be determined and monitored according to the measured change of the monitoring voltage value, for example, a change threshold is set, and when the change amplitude of the monitoring voltage value does not exceed the change threshold in the complete measurement process, the accuracy of measuring the absolute gravity and the microgravity is high.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the device further includes a horizontal liquid level component 20 and an iris diaphragm 19, the laser reflected by the first angular cone prism 7 to the second unpolarized beam splitting cube 5 is further shot to the horizontal liquid level of the horizontal liquid level component 20 through the iris diaphragm 19, and when the laser returns in the original path, it is determined that the direction of the free falling motion of the first angular cone prism 7 is consistent with the direction of the real gravitational field.
When the laser beam reaching the horizontal liquid surface of the horizontal liquid surface component 20 returns along the original path, the direction of the free falling body movement of the first angular cone prism 7 is identical to the direction of the real gravity field, so that the accuracy of measuring the absolute gravity and the microgravity is further improved, wherein the horizontal liquid surface component 20 is a container capable of containing liquid, and the shape and the structure of the container are not particularly limited. The liquid of the horizontal surface member 20 may be water or other liquid, which is removed after the direction of the free falling motion of the first corner cube 7 is determined to coincide with the direction of the true gravitational field.
It can be understood that the directions of the absolute gravity and the micro gravity measured are consistent with the real gravity field direction, that is, the device measures the directions of the absolute gravity and the micro gravity in a single direction, that is, the real gravity field direction, that is, the absolute gravity and the micro gravity in the single direction can only be measured, and the single direction can also be understood as a single degree of freedom.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the device further includes a mounting surface verticality adjustment mechanism 21, where the mounting surface verticality adjustment mechanism 21 is used to adjust a spatial posture of an optical path, so that the laser reflected by the first angular cone prism 7 to the second unpolarized beam splitting cube 5 is emitted to a horizontal liquid surface of the horizontal liquid surface component 20 through the iris diaphragm 19, and the laser reflected by the horizontal liquid surface returns along an original path in an incident direction.
That is, by adjusting the mounting surface verticality adjusting mechanism 21, the optical path spatial attitude of the laser light reflected by the first axicon 7 to the second unpolarized beam splitting cube 5 is adjusted so that the laser light is also emitted to the horizontal liquid surface of the horizontal liquid surface component 20 through the iris 19, and when the laser light returns in the original path, it is determined that the direction of the free-falling motion of the first axicon 7 coincides with the true gravitational field direction, that is, the acceleration direction of the first axicon obtained by interferometry coincides with the true gravitational field direction, that is, the laser light reflected by the first axicon 7 to the second unpolarized beam splitting cube 5 is emitted to the horizontal liquid surface of the horizontal liquid surface component 20 through the iris 19, and the laser light reflected by the horizontal liquid surface returns in the original path along the incident direction.
The mounting surface verticality adjustment mechanism 21 is known to those skilled in the art, such as a POLARIS-K1M4/M adjusting frame, from the website: "https:// www.thorlabschina.cn/thorpr oduct. Cfm? The specific structure and description of the adjusting frame with the model of POL ARIS-K1M4/M can be found in the part number=polaris-K1M 4/m#ad-image-0", and will not be described here.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the device further includes a laser 1 and a beam expander 2, the laser 1 emits an initial laser beam 23 to the beam expander 2, the beam expander 2 expands the initial laser beam 23 to obtain an expanded laser beam 24, and the expanded laser beam 24 is emitted to the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the device further includes a vacuum chamber for providing a vacuum environment, and the first angular cone prism 7, the voice coil motor, the first unpolarized beam splitting cube 4, and the second unpolarized beam splitting cube 5 are all disposed in the vacuum chamber.
The vacuum environment required by the sensitive element such as the unpolarized beam splitting cube, the prism or the mass block, namely the first angular cone prism 7, is required to be maintained so as to reduce the interference of air damping, air buoyancy, and the like on the motion of the sensitive element, namely the first angular cone prism 7. In order to ensure that the device can be flexibly deployed in different working environments, the maintenance cost is reduced in order to ensure the rapidity and convenience of installation and measurement. The design disposes the sensitive element and the ejection assembly in a small vacuum chamber, namely, the first angular cone prism 7, the voice coil motor, the first unpolarized beam splitting cube 4 and the second unpolarized beam splitting cube 5 are all arranged in the vacuum chamber, the vacuum chamber with small volume can be selected and sealed by all-metal welding, the ejection assembly, the voice coil motor and the like are arranged in the vacuum chamber, the influence of air on interference optical path difference and the influence of air resistance on prism movement are reduced, and the measurement adaptability of the device provided by the application under different working environments is improved. The high-precision voice coil motor shelf product is selected, and different initial speeds can be set for ejection of the first angular cone prism 7 so as to adapt to different microgravity measuring ranges.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, at least one transparent glass window is provided on the vacuum chamber. The measurement personnel observe through the light-transmitting glass window conveniently.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the vacuum chamber, the second pyramid prism 13, the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6, the fourth unpolarized beam splitting cube 11, the fifth unpolarized beam splitting cube 12, the first silicon detector 9 and the second silicon detector 16 are all disposed in the case 22, and the mounting surface verticality adjusting mechanism 21 and the iris 19 are disposed on a wall of the case 22 or disposed at a bottom of the case 22, or are adjusted according to actual conditions.
The time and voltage relationship can be obtained through the high-speed data acquisition board. The displacement changes by half wavelength every time of light and shade change, so a zero crossing detection method is adopted to calculate zero crossing point time in the object motion process, then a time displacement pair is calculated according to a zero crossing point time sequence, and finally data are subjected to secondary fitting to obtain absolute gravity or microgravity, wherein the chip is particularly used for:
obtaining all the stripe zero-crossing time points according to the voltage values respectively acquired at every two adjacent time points and a first formula, wherein the first formula is as follows: Wherein t is i ＝(i-1)*T s ，t i Representing the corresponding time point when the ith voltage value is acquired, T s Representing the sampling period, U i And U i+1 Representing any twoVoltage values acquired respectively at adjacent time points, and U i And U i+1 The method meets the following conditions: u (U) i *U i+1 I is a positive integer less than or equal to 0, j is a positive integer, j is less than or equal to N, and N represents the total number of the zero crossing time points of the stripes;
will T j 、T j+1 T is as follows j 、T j+1 After the displacement of the first angular cone prism 7 corresponding to the first angular cone prism is carried into a second formula when the first angular cone prism performs free falling motion, performing least square fitting to obtain a fitting result, and obtaining absolute gravity a or microgravity a according to a quadratic term coefficient of the fitting result, wherein the second formula is as follows: represented at T j The total displacement of the free-falling body movements occurring in the first angular cone prism +>i calculating T from the first formula j Corresponding to the time of getting->Indicating that the first angular cone prism is at T j And the speed lambda represents the wavelength of the laser light received by the first angular cone prism. />Represented at T j+1 The total displacement of free falling motion generated by the first angular cone prism.
An apparatus for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity according to the present application will be described in detail with reference to another embodiment, concretely:
as shown in fig. 1, the device comprises a chip, a first pyramid prism 7, a voice coil motor for driving the first pyramid prism 7 to do free-fall motion, a first unpolarized beam splitting cube 4, a second unpolarized beam splitting cube 5, a first silicon detector 9, a second pyramid prism 13, a third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6, a fourth unpolarized beam splitting cube 11, a fifth unpolarized beam splitting cube 12 and a second silicon detector 16. The device further comprises a horizontal liquid level component 20, an iris 19, a mounting surface verticality adjusting mechanism 21, a laser 1, a beam expander 2, a vacuum cabin and a case 22, wherein a first angular cone prism 7, a voice coil motor, a first unpolarized beam splitting cube 4 and a second unpolarized beam splitting cube 5 are all arranged in the vacuum cabin, 4 light-transmitting glass windows are arranged on the vacuum cabin, namely a first light-transmitting glass window 10, a second light-transmitting glass window 14, a third light-transmitting glass window 17 and a fourth light-transmitting glass window 18, the vacuum cabin, a second angular cone prism 13, a third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6, a fourth unpolarized beam splitting cube 11, a fifth unpolarized beam splitting cube 12, a first silicon detector 9 and a second silicon detector 16 are all arranged in the case 22, and the mounting surface verticality adjusting mechanism 21 and the iris 19 are arranged on the wall of the case 22, so that:
Before measurement, the mounting posture of each component is corrected, so that the movement direction of the first angular cone prism 7 is consistent with the gravity field direction, that is, the acceleration direction of the first angular cone prism obtained by interferometry is consistent with the real gravity field direction, specifically:
the laser 1 emits initial laser light 23 to the beam expander 2, the beam expander 2 expands the initial laser light 23 to obtain expanded laser light 24, the expanded laser light 24 is emitted to the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6, the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6 splits the received laser light to obtain first reflected light 26 and first transmitted light 25, the first reflected light 26 is emitted to the first unpolarized beam splitting cube 4 through a light-transmitting glass window, the first unpolarized beam splitting cube 4 splits the received laser light, namely, the first reflected light 26, to obtain second reflected light 31 and second transmitted light 33, wherein the second reflected light 31 is emitted to the first angular cone prism 7, the third reflected light 32 emitted to the second unpolarized beam splitting cube 5 is obtained after being reflected by the first angular cone prism 7, the third reflected light 32 is reflected to the second unpolarized beam splitting cube 5, the first angular cone prism 7 sequentially passes through the second unpolarized beam splitting cube 5, the third angular cone window 17 and the third angular cone prism 7, and the true horizontal displacement of the first angular cone 35 are respectively, and the true horizontal displacement of the first angular cone 35 is measured, and the true horizontal displacement of the first angular cone-shaped optical diaphragm is further determined, and the true horizontal displacement of the first angular diaphragm is measured, and the true horizontal displacement of the first angular diaphragm is determined, and the true horizontal displacement of the horizontal displacement is measured, and the true horizontal displacement of the liquid is measured by the first angular cone 20, and the horizontal displacement is determined;
The above optical path can be simply expressed as: the laser 1 emits initial laser light 23, obtains expanded laser light 24 through the beam expander 2, obtains first reflected light 26 through the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6, obtains second reflected light 31 through the first unpolarized beam splitting cube 4, obtains third reflected light 32 through reflecting the second reflected light 31 by the first angular cone prism 7, obtains fourth transmitted light 35 through the second unpolarized beam splitting cube 5, and judges whether the fourth transmitted light 35 returns to the original path after being reflected by the horizontal liquid surface.
The installation surface verticality adjusting mechanism 21 is used for adjusting the spatial attitude of the optical path, so that the laser reflected by the first angular cone prism 7 to the second unpolarized beam splitting cube 5 is emitted to the horizontal liquid surface of the horizontal liquid surface component 20 through the iris diaphragm 19, and the laser reflected by the horizontal liquid surface returns along the original path of the incident direction.
In the measurement process, there are two paths of light, specifically:
1) The first path of light path is: the laser 1 emits initial laser 23 to the beam expander 2, the beam expander 2 expands the initial laser 23 to obtain expanded laser 24, and emits the expanded laser 24 to the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6, wherein the expanded laser 24 may also be emitted to the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6 through the reflecting mirror 3, the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6 splits the received laser to obtain a first reflected light 26 and a first transmitted light 25, the first reflected light 26 emits to the first unpolarized beam splitting cube 4 through the first transparent glass window 10 arranged on the vacuum chamber, the first unpolarized beam splitting cube 4 splits the received laser, namely, the first reflected light 26 to obtain a second reflected light 31 and a second transmitted light 33, the second reflected light 31 emits to the first angular cone prism 7, and then reflects the second reflected light 32 emitted to the second unpolarized beam splitting cube 5 through the first angular cone prism 7, the second transmitted light 33 directly emits to the first unpolarized beam splitting cube 4, and the second transmitted light 33 directly emits the second reflected light 33 to the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 5 through the first angular cone prism 7, and the second transmitted light 33 receives the second transmitted light 33 through the second transmitted light 9, and the third transmitted light 33 directly from the second transmitted light cube 9;
The first silicon detector 9 is also provided with a first polaroid 8, the first polaroid 8 can be mounted on an adjustable mounting seat, the direction of the first polaroid 8 is convenient to adjust, the first polaroid 8 is consistent with the initial laser 23 emitted by the laser 1, namely, the linear polarized light direction, and the first polaroid 8 is mainly used for changing elliptical polarized light into linear polarized light, so that the interference effect is improved, and a voltage value is convenient to obtain.
Wherein, the fourth light-transmitting glass window 18 that sets up on the vacuum chamber is convenient for the measurement personnel to look over motion state.
The first path light path can be simply expressed as: the laser 1 emits initial laser light 23, obtains expanded laser light 24 through the beam expander 2, obtains first reflected light 26 through the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6, obtains second reflected light 31 and second transmitted light 33 through the first unpolarized beam splitting cube 4, reflects second reflected light 31 to obtain third reflected light 32 through the first angular cone prism 7, combines the third reflected light 32 and the second transmitted light 33 through the second unpolarized beam splitting cube 5 to obtain third transmitted light 34, and emits the third transmitted light 34 to the first silicon detector 9;
2) The second path of light path is: the laser 1 emits initial laser light 23 to the beam expander 2, the beam expander 2 expands the initial laser light 23 to obtain expanded laser light 24, the expanded laser light 24 is emitted to the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6, the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6 splits the received laser light to obtain first reflected light 26 and first transmitted light 25, the first transmitted light 25 is emitted to the fourth unpolarized beam splitting cube 11, the fourth unpolarized beam splitting cube 11 splits the first transmitted light 25 to obtain fourth reflected light 27 and fifth transmitted light 29, wherein the fourth reflected light 27 is emitted to the second pyramid prism 13, and the fifth transmitted light 29 is emitted to the fifth unpolarized beam splitting cube 12; the second pyramid prism 13 reflects the fourth reflected light 27 to obtain a fifth reflected light 28 that is emitted to the fifth unpolarized beam splitting cube 12, the fifth unpolarized beam splitting cube 12 combines the fifth transmitted light 29 and the fifth reflected light 28 to obtain a sixth transmitted light 30, and the sixth transmitted light 30 is emitted to the second silicon detector 16;
The second path may be simply expressed as: the laser 1 emits initial laser light 23, obtains expanded laser light 24 through the beam expander 2, obtains first transmitted light 25 through the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6, obtains fourth reflected light 27 and fifth transmitted light 29 through the fourth unpolarized beam splitting cube 11, reflects the fourth reflected light 27 to obtain fifth reflected light 28 through the second pyramid prism 13, and combines the fifth transmitted light 29 and the fifth reflected light 28 through the fifth unpolarized beam splitting cube 12 and then emits the combined beams to the second silicon detector 16.
When the voice coil motor drives the first angular cone prism 7 to do free-falling motion, that is, in the measuring process, based on the first path light path, the first silicon detector 9 collects a plurality of voltage values according to time sequence, the chip is used for obtaining absolute gravity or microgravity according to the plurality of voltage values collected by the first silicon detector 9 according to time sequence, and in the measuring process, based on the second path light path, a plurality of monitoring voltage values for monitoring the coherence of the laser received by the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6 are obtained through the second silicon detector 16.
A second polarizer 15 is further disposed before the second silicon detector 16, and the second polarizer 15 is referred to the first polarizer 8, which is not described herein.
The optical path in the device for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity is double-path interference, which can be understood as: the improved Mach-Zehnder interference light path, wherein the pyramid prism in one path of interference light path can move, namely the first pyramid prism 7 in the first path of interference light path can move, and the pyramid prism in the other path of interference light path does not move, namely the second pyramid prism 13 in the second path of interference light path can not move, and the following points need to be described:
when the components of the device for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity of the present application are installed, it is necessary to ensure that the phase corresponding to the optical path difference of the two light beams in the two light paths, namely, the fourth unpolarized beam splitting cube 11, the fifth unpolarized beam splitting cube 12 and the second pyramid prism 13, is not an integer multiple of 2pi, where the first light path may be regarded as a measuring light arm, and the second light path may be regarded as a reference light arm.
There are 3 sources of gravitational field data at present. The first is surface gravity observation data. Typically, the average gravity anomaly of a 100×100km or 50×50km bin is taken. Their accuracy depends on the density of the data, the elevation, the accuracy of the gravity measurement. Because the earth surface cannot be observed effectively, and some countries do not disclose gravity observation data, a complete set of earth surface gravity observation data is difficult to obtain at present. The second type of data is satellite altimetry data for the marine region, which to some extent can be seen as a direct measurement technique for the ground level. However, after removing the effect of time variations (e.g. tides, etc.), the repeated measurements are averaged, and the resulting stationary sea level is still different from the ground level. This is due to the effects of dynamic ocean heave. In practice, this difference, i.e. the mean sea level heave, is very important in oceanography. It is also important for geophysical surveys, where a level of earth is necessary, independent of satellite altimetry. The third type of data is gravity satellite measurement data. Such as CHAMP, GRACE, and GOCE items. The main idea is to continuously track the 3-dimensional space component of the low-orbit satellite target by using the global positioning satellite, measure and compensate the non-gravity effect of the low-orbit satellite target, and further calculate the gravity data or the gravity gradient data near the orbit of the low-orbit satellite target. The 3 gravitational field data are of great significance for solid geophysics, oceanography and geodetics.
The device of the invention can be used as an absolute gravimeter and is mainly used for measuring the absolute gravity near the ground surface. The absolute gravimeter is a complex system integrating laser interferometry technology, photoelectric conversion technology, mechanical control technology, high-speed data acquisition technology and data analysis technology, and is a national expression of comprehensive capacity in geophysical observation technology to a certain extent. Because the absolute gravimeter has high requirements on component precision, measurement precision and the like, the absolute gravimeter with high precision is developed, put into practical use and commercialized, and has important significance for the development of geophysical measurement technology in China.
Furthermore, the gravimeter of the present invention can be measured for microgravity. A microgravity environment is an environment in which the apparent weight of the system is much less than its actual weight under the influence of gravity. There are 4 most common methods for creating a microgravity environment: tower falls, airplanes, rockets, and spacecraft. The weight of an object is the force of the object acting on its support (or suspension) when the resultant force of the object, except for gravitational force, inertial force and supporting force, is zero, which is equal to the sum of the gravitational force of the earth on the object and the vector of the inertial force of transport caused by the motion reference system. Thus, in the free fall phase corresponding to the 4 methods described above, the "weightless condition" refers to losing weight rather than losing weight. Only on the geostationary satellite with the height of 35786km above the equator from the ground, from the angle of relative geostationary, the gravitational force of the earth and the inertial centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the earth can be regarded as exactly canceling (under ideal conditions) at the point, so that the satellite is in a zero gravity state, and the weightlessness is equal to zero gravity. While for other facility equipment, the loss of weight is not equivalent to zero gravity. Namely: the weight loss is not equivalent to zero attraction. For example, during the in-orbit flight of a spacecraft, not only is the effect of the gravitational force exerted on the spacecraft, but also the tidal force caused by gravity gradients and inertial centrifugal forces is exerted (1) off-center of mass; (2) The offset from the centroid causes additional centrifugal and tangential forces due to the spacecraft rotating around the centroid; (3) The motion of the object relative to the spacecraft induces coriolis forces; (4) Atmospheric resistance and solar radiation pressure to a lesser extent produce a quasi-steady acceleration of the centroid; (5) The gesture control and the operation activities such as ignition of the propeller during the orbit maneuver cause additional transient external force; (6) The movement of mechanical parts, the movements of astronauts and the like cause the change of the internal mass distribution of the spacecraft to generate internal force. Therefore, the spacecraft is not in a complete weightless state, but in a microgravity state. It follows that microgravity is not the remainder of the gravitational force that counteracts the centrifugal force, and that microgravity contains external disturbing forces to the relevant facility or equipment itself.
Microgravity measurement data is very important for numerous scientific experiments and aviation research, and is also an important assessment factor of the national science and technology level. For example, the weightlessness status has a close relationship to the generalized relativity theory. Knowledge and analysis of the weightlessness status infer an equivalent principle, which is one of the bases of generalized relativity, and scientists have proposed experimental assumptions for equivalent principle verification in a very high level microgravity environment; the united states established a ground-based weightlessness laboratory to repeat experiments in an attempt to find new physical laws. In summary, precise measurement of microgravity environments may foster important scientific discovery opportunities.
As shown in fig. 2, in the method for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity according to the embodiment of the present invention, by using the device for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity according to any one of the foregoing embodiments, when the voice coil motor drives the first pyramid prism 7 to perform free-falling motion, the first silicon detector 9 collects a plurality of voltage values according to time sequence, and the chip performs the following steps:
s1, acquiring all stripe zero crossing time points, and specifically:
obtaining all stripe zero crossing time points according to voltage values acquired by a measuring device for measuring absolute gravity at every two adjacent time points and a first formula, wherein the first formula is as follows: Wherein t is i ＝(i-1)*T s ，t i Representing the value of the ith voltageCorresponding time point, T s Representing the sampling period, U i And U i+1 Representing the voltage values acquired respectively at any two adjacent time points, and U i And U i+1 The method meets the following conditions: u (U) i *U i+1 I is a positive integer less than or equal to 0, j is a positive integer, j is less than or equal to N, and N represents the total number of the zero crossing time points of the stripes;
s2, obtaining absolute gravity or microgravity according to a fitting result, and specifically:
will T j 、T j+1 T is as follows j 、T j+1 After the displacement of the first angular cone prism 7 corresponding to the first angular cone prism is carried into a second formula when the first angular cone prism performs free falling motion, performing least square fitting to obtain a fitting result, and obtaining absolute gravity a or microgravity a according to a quadratic term coefficient of the fitting result, wherein the second formula is as follows: represented at T j The total displacement of the free-falling body movements occurring in the first angular cone prism +>i calculating T from the first formula j Corresponding to the time of getting->Indicating that the first angular cone prism is at T j The speed lambda represents the wavelength of the laser light received by the first angular cone prism,/->Represented at T j+1 The total displacement of free falling motion generated by the first angular cone prism.
Based on the device capable of measuring the absolute gravity and the microgravity, the method for measuring the absolute gravity and the microgravity can be used for measuring the absolute gravity and the microgravity.
In the present disclosure, the terms "first," "second," and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implying a number of technical features being indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The device for measuring the absolute gravity and the microgravity is characterized by comprising a chip, a first angular cone prism, a voice coil motor for driving the first angular cone prism to do free falling motion, a first unpolarized beam splitting cube, a second unpolarized beam splitting cube and a first silicon detector which are sequentially arranged;
the first unpolarized beam splitting cube splits received laser and then irradiates the received laser to the first angular cone prism and the second unpolarized beam splitting cube respectively, the first angular cone prism reflects the received laser to the second unpolarized beam splitting cube, the second unpolarized beam splitting cube combines the received two laser beams and then irradiates the received two laser beams to the first silicon detector, and when the voice coil motor drives the first angular cone prism to do free fall motion, the first silicon detector acquires a plurality of voltage values according to time sequence;
The chip is used for acquiring a plurality of voltage values according to the first silicon detector in time sequence to obtain absolute gravity or microgravity;
the system also comprises a second pyramid prism, a third unpolarized beam splitting cube, a fourth unpolarized beam splitting cube, a fifth unpolarized beam splitting cube and a second silicon detector which are sequentially arranged;
the third unpolarized beam splitting cube splits the received laser to obtain first reflected light and first transmitted light, wherein the first reflected light is sent to the first unpolarized beam splitting cube, and the first transmitted light is sent to the fourth unpolarized beam splitting cube;
the fourth unpolarized beam splitting cube splits the first transmitted light to obtain fourth reflected light and fifth transmitted light, wherein the fourth reflected light is sent to the second pyramid prism, and the fifth transmitted light is sent to the fifth unpolarized beam splitting cube;
the second pyramid prism reflects the fourth reflected light to obtain fifth reflected light which is emitted to the fifth unpolarized beam splitting cube, the fifth unpolarized beam splitting cube combines the fifth transmitted light and the fifth reflected light and emits the fifth transmitted light and the fifth reflected light to the second silicon detector, and a plurality of monitoring voltage values for monitoring the coherence of laser received by the third unpolarized beam splitting cube are obtained;
The laser beam reflected to the second unpolarized beam splitting cube by the first angular cone prism is further emitted to the horizontal liquid surface of the horizontal liquid surface component through the iris diaphragm, and when the laser beam returns, the direction of the free falling body movement of the first angular cone prism is determined to be consistent with the direction of the real gravitational field.
2. The apparatus for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity according to claim 1, further comprising a mounting surface verticality adjusting mechanism for adjusting a spatial attitude of an optical path so that laser light reflected by the first angular cone prism to the second unpolarized beam splitting cube is incident to a horizontal liquid surface of the horizontal liquid surface member through the iris, and laser light reflected by the horizontal liquid surface is returned along an incident direction.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a laser and a beam expander, wherein the laser emits an initial laser light to the beam expander, wherein the beam expander expands the initial laser light to obtain an expanded laser light, and wherein the expanded laser light is directed to the third unpolarized beam splitting cube.
4. The apparatus for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity according to claim 3, further comprising a vacuum chamber for providing a vacuum environment, wherein the first angular cone prism, the voice coil motor, the first unpolarized beam splitting cube, and the second unpolarized beam splitting cube are disposed within the vacuum chamber.
5. The device for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity according to claim 4, wherein at least one light-transmitting glass window is arranged on the vacuum chamber.
6. The apparatus for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity according to claim 5, further comprising a housing, wherein the vacuum chamber, the second pyramid prism, the third unpolarized beam splitting cube, the fourth unpolarized beam splitting cube, the fifth unpolarized beam splitting cube, the first silicon detector and the second silicon detector are all disposed in the housing, and the iris is disposed on a wall of the housing.
7. The device for measuring absolute and microgravity according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the chip is specifically adapted to:
obtaining all the stripe zero-crossing time points according to the voltage values respectively acquired at every two adjacent time points and a first formula, wherein the first formula is as follows: Wherein t is i ＝(i-1)*T s ，t i Representing the corresponding time point when the ith voltage value is acquired, T s Representing the sampling period, U i And U i+1 Representing the voltage values acquired respectively at any two adjacent time points, and U i And U i+1 The method meets the following conditions: u (U) i *U i+1 I is a positive integer less than or equal to 0, j is a positive integer, j is less than or equal to N, and N represents the total number of the zero crossing time points of the stripes;
will T j 、T j+1 T is as follows j 、T j+1 After the displacement of the first angular cone prism which corresponds to the first angular cone prism is carried into a second formula when the first angular cone prism performs free falling motion, performing least square fitting to obtain a fitting result, and obtaining absolute gravity a or microgravity a according to a quadratic term coefficient of the fitting result, wherein the second formula is as follows: represented at T j The total displacement of the free-falling body movements occurring in the first angular cone prism +> Indicating that the first angular cone prism is at T j The speed lambda represents the wavelength of the laser light received by the first angular cone prism,/->Represented at T j+1 The total displacement of free falling motion generated by the first angular cone prism.
8. A method for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity, characterized in that the device for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity according to any one of claims 1-7 is adopted, when the voice coil motor drives the first angular cone prism to do free falling motion, the first silicon detector collects a plurality of voltage values according to time sequence, and the chip performs the following steps:
Obtaining all stripe zero crossing time points according to voltage values acquired by a measuring device for measuring absolute gravity at every two adjacent time points and a first formula, wherein the first formula is as follows:wherein t is i ＝(i-1)*T s ，t i Representing the corresponding time point when the ith voltage value is acquired, T s Representing the sampling period, U i And U i+1 Representing the voltage values acquired respectively at any two adjacent time points, and U i And U i+1 The method meets the following conditions: u (U) i *U i+1 I is a positive integer less than or equal to 0, j is a positive integer, j is less than or equal to N, and N represents the total number of the zero crossing time points of the stripes;
will T j 、T j+1 T is as follows j 、T j+1 After the displacement of the first angular cone prism which corresponds to the first angular cone prism is carried into a second formula when the first angular cone prism performs free falling motion, performing least square fitting to obtain a fitting result, and obtaining absolute gravity a or microgravity a according to a quadratic term coefficient of the fitting result, wherein the second formula is as follows: represented at T j The total displacement of the free-falling body movements occurring in the first angular cone prism +> Indicating that the first angular cone prism is at T j The speed lambda represents the wavelength of the laser light received by the first angular cone prism,/->Represented at T j+1 The total displacement of free falling motion generated by the first angular cone prism.
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