CN113064212A - Device and method for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity, wherein when a voice coil motor drives a first angle cone prism to do free-fall motion on the earth surface, the vicinity of the earth surface or in space, a first non-polarization beam splitting cube splits received laser and respectively emits the split laser to the first angle cone prism and a second non-polarization beam splitting cube, the first angle cone prism reflects the received laser to the second non-polarization beam splitting cube, the second non-polarization beam splitting cube combines the received two beams of laser and emits the combined laser to a first silicon detector, the first silicon detector collects a plurality of voltage values according to a time sequence, and a chip obtains the absolute gravity or the microgravity according to the plurality of voltage values collected by the first silicon detector according to the time sequence.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement of absolute gravity and microgravity, in particular to a device and a method for measuring the absolute gravity and the microgravity.
Background
At present, the precise absolute gravimetry technology is widely applied in various fields of earth science research, resource exploration, earthquake prediction, gravity field navigation, missile guidance and the like, and microgravity measurement is also an important subject in space science and application, but the current absolute gravimeter product can only measure the absolute gravity in the earth surface environment, and the electrostatic suspension accelerometer can only measure the acceleration in the microgravity environment, and no device capable of measuring both the absolute gravity and the microgravity exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art and provides a device and a method for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity.
The invention discloses a device for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity, which adopts the technical scheme that:
the voice coil motor is used for driving the first pyramid prism to do free-fall motion, and a first non-polarization beam splitting cube, a second non-polarization beam splitting cube and a first silicon detector are sequentially arranged;
the first non-polarization beam splitting cube splits received laser and respectively emits the split laser to the first angle cone prism and the second non-polarization beam splitting cube, the first angle cone prism reflects the received laser to the second non-polarization beam splitting cube, the second non-polarization beam splitting cube combines the received two beams of laser and emits the combined laser to the first silicon detector, and when the voice coil motor drives the first angle cone prism to do free falling motion, the first silicon detector collects a plurality of voltage values according to time sequence;
the chip is used for obtaining absolute gravity or microgravity according to a plurality of voltage values acquired by the first silicon detector according to a time sequence.
The device for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity has the following beneficial effects:
when the voice coil motor drives the first pyramid prism to do free-fall motion on the earth surface, the vicinity of the earth surface or in space, the first non-polarization beam splitting cube splits received laser and respectively emits the laser to the first pyramid prism and the second non-polarization beam splitting cube, the first pyramid prism reflects the received laser to the second non-polarization beam splitting cube, the second non-polarization beam splitting cube combines the two received laser beams and emits the combined laser to the first silicon detector, the first silicon detector collects a plurality of voltage values according to a time sequence, and the chip obtains absolute gravity or microgravity according to the plurality of voltage values collected by the first silicon detector according to the time sequence.
On the basis of the above scheme, the device for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity of the invention can be further improved as follows.
The device further comprises a second pyramid prism, a third non-polarization beam splitting cube, a fourth non-polarization beam splitting cube, a fifth non-polarization beam splitting cube and a second silicon detector which are sequentially arranged;
the third non-polarization beam splitting cube splits the received laser light to obtain first reflected light and first transmitted light, wherein the first reflected light is emitted to the first non-polarization beam splitting cube, and the first transmitted light is emitted to the fourth non-polarization beam splitting cube;
the fourth non-polarizing beam splitting cube splits the first transmitted light to obtain fourth reflected light and fifth transmitted light, wherein the fourth reflected light is emitted to the second corner cube, and the fifth transmitted light is emitted to the fifth non-polarizing beam splitting cube;
and the second corner cube reflects the fourth reflected light to obtain fifth reflected light which is emitted to the fifth non-polarization beam splitting cube, and the fifth non-polarization beam splitting cube combines the fifth transmitted light and the fifth reflected light and emits the combined light to the second silicon detector to obtain a plurality of monitoring voltage values for monitoring the coherence of the laser light received by the third non-polarization beam splitting cube.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: when absolute gravity or microgravity is measured, coherence of laser received by the third unpolarized beam splitting cube can be monitored through a plurality of monitoring voltage values obtained by the second silicon detector, the coherence of the laser received by the third unpolarized beam splitting cube directly influences the coherence of the laser received by the first unpolarized beam splitting cube, and further influences accuracy of measuring the absolute gravity and the microgravity, and when the coherence of the laser received by the third unpolarized beam splitting cube is good, the accuracy of measuring the absolute gravity and the microgravity is high.
The laser reflected to the second non-polarization beam splitting cube by the first corner cone prism is further emitted to the horizontal liquid surface of the horizontal liquid surface component through the variable diaphragm, and when the laser returns along the original path, the direction of the first corner cone prism during free falling motion is determined to be consistent with the direction of the real gravity field.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: when the laser which is emitted to the horizontal liquid surface of the horizontal liquid surface component returns along the original path, the direction of the first pyramid prism when the free falling body moves is consistent with the direction of the real gravity field, and the accuracy of measuring absolute gravity and microgravity is further improved.
The mounting surface verticality adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the spatial attitude of the light path so that the laser reflected to the second non-polarization beam splitting cube by the first corner cone prism is emitted to the horizontal liquid level of the horizontal liquid level component through the iris diaphragm and returns along the original path in the incident direction by the laser reflected by the horizontal liquid level.
The laser device emits initial laser to the beam expander, the beam expander expands the initial laser to obtain expanded laser, and the expanded laser is emitted to the third non-polarization beam splitting cube.
The first pyramid prism, the voice coil motor, the first non-polarization beam splitting cube and the second non-polarization beam splitting cube are all arranged in the vacuum bin.
Furthermore, at least one light-transmitting glass window is arranged on the vacuum chamber.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further scheme is that: the measurement personnel of being convenient for observe through the printing opacity glass window.
The vacuum chamber, the second pyramid prism, the third non-polarization beam splitting cube, the fourth non-polarization beam splitting cube, the fifth non-polarization beam splitting cube, the first silicon detector and the second silicon detector are all arranged in the case, and the iris diaphragm is arranged on the wall of the case.
Further, the chip is specifically configured to:
obtaining all the stripe zero-crossing time points according to the voltage values respectively acquired at every two adjacent time points and a first formula, wherein the first formula is as follows:
wherein, ti＝(i-1)*Ts，tiRepresents the corresponding time point, T, when the ith voltage value is collectedsDenotes the sampling period, UiAnd Ui+1Represents the voltage values respectively collected at any two adjacent time points, and UiAnd Ui+1Satisfies the following conditions: u shapei*Ui+1Not more than 0, i is a positive integer, j is a positive integer, and j is not more than N, wherein N represents the total number of zero-crossing time points of the stripes;
will Tj、Tj+1And Tj、Tj+1After the displacements of the first corresponding pyramid prisms during free falling motion are substituted into a second formula, performing least square fitting to obtain a fitting result, and obtaining absolute gravity a or microgravity a according to quadratic term coefficients of the fitting result, wherein the second formula is as follows:
is shown at TjThe total displacement of the free falling body movement of the first pyramid prism,
i calculating T from the first formulajThe corresponding result is obtained when the time is longer,
indicating that the first corner cube prism is at TjThe speed of time, λ, represents the wavelength of the laser light received by the first pyramid prism.
Is shown at Tj+1The total displacement of the free fall motion of the first pyramid prism.
The technical scheme of the method for measuring absolute gravity and micro gravity of the invention is as follows:
when the voice coil motor drives the first pyramid prism to do free-fall motion, the first silicon detector collects a plurality of voltage values according to a time sequence, and a chip executes the following steps:
obtaining all the stripe zero-crossing time points according to voltage values respectively acquired by a measuring device for measuring the absolute gravity at every two adjacent time points and a first formula, wherein the first formula is as follows:
wherein, ti＝(i-1)*Ts，tiRepresents the corresponding time point, T, when the ith voltage value is collectedsDenotes the sampling period, UiAnd Ui+1Represents the voltage values respectively collected at any two adjacent time points, and UiAnd Ui+1Satisfies the following conditions: u shapei*Ui+1Not more than 0, i is a positive integer, j is a positive integer, and j is not more than N, wherein N represents the total number of zero-crossing time points of the stripes;
will Tj、Tj+1And Tj、Tj+1Respectively substituting the displacement of the corresponding first pyramid prism during free falling body movement into a second formula, performing least square fitting to obtain a fitting result, and obtaining absolute gravity a or microgravity a and a second common gravity according to quadratic coefficient of the fitting resultThe formula is as follows:
is shown at TjThe total displacement of the free falling body movement of the first pyramid prism,
i calculating T from the first formulajThe corresponding result is obtained when the time is longer,
indicating that the first corner cube prism is at TjThe speed of time, λ, represents the wavelength of the laser light received by the first pyramid prism.
Is shown at Tj+1The total displacement of the free fall motion of the first pyramid prism.
The method for measuring the absolute gravity and the micro gravity has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a device capable of measuring both absolute gravity and microgravity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The device for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity comprises a chip, a first angle cone prism 7, a voice coil motor for driving the first angle cone prism 7 to make free-fall movement, a first non-polarization beam splitting cube 4, a second non-polarization beam splitting cube 5 and a first silicon detector 9, wherein the first non-polarization beam splitting cube 4, the second non-polarization beam splitting cube 5 and the first silicon detector are sequentially arranged;
the first non-polarization beam splitting cube 4 splits the received laser and emits the split laser to the first angle cone prism 7 and the second non-polarization beam splitting cube 5 respectively, the first angle cone prism 7 reflects the received laser to the second non-polarization beam splitting cube 5, the second non-polarization beam splitting cube 5 combines the received two beams of laser and emits the combined laser to the first silicon detector 9, and when the voice coil motor drives the first angle cone prism 7 to make free fall movement, the first silicon detector 9 collects a plurality of voltage values according to a time sequence;
the chip is used for obtaining absolute gravity or microgravity according to a plurality of voltage values acquired by the first silicon detector 9 according to a time sequence.
Near the earth surface or in space, when the voice coil motor drives the first pyramid prism 7 to do free-fall motion, the first non-polarization beam splitting cube 4 splits the received laser and respectively emits the laser to the first pyramid prism 7 and the second non-polarization beam splitting cube 5, the first pyramid prism 7 reflects the received laser to the second non-polarization beam splitting cube 5, the second non-polarization beam splitting cube 5 combines the received two laser beams and emits the combined laser to the first silicon detector 9, the first silicon detector 9 collects a plurality of voltage values according to a time sequence, and the chip obtains absolute gravity or microgravity according to the plurality of voltage values collected by the first silicon detector 9 according to the time sequence.
Absolute gravity, i.e., absolute gravity value, refers to absolute gravity value at any point on the earth's surface, and is the resultant force of the gravity of the entire earth's mass and the inertial centrifugal force generated by the earth rotating at that point on the unit mass. Which is equal to the gravitational acceleration value at that point. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the force of an object on the earth's surface due to attraction by the earth is called gravity. In a broad sense, gravity may be understood as: the object is subject to the gravity of the earth (including other celestial bodies such as the sun and moon) and the rotation of the earthThe resultant of the inertial centrifugal forces generated. The purpose of absolute gravimetric measurement is to determine the acceleration g of gravity on or near the surface of the earth (including other celestial objects such as the sun, moon, etc.), the unit of acceleration being m/s in international units2When absolute gravity is measured, generally, Gal (Gal) is used as a unit, and 1Gal is 10-2m/s2。
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the device further includes a second corner cube prism 13, and a third non-polarization beam splitting cube 6, a fourth non-polarization beam splitting cube 11, a fifth non-polarization beam splitting cube 12 and a second silicon detector 16 which are sequentially arranged;
the third non-polarization beam splitting cube 6 splits the received laser light to obtain a first reflected light 26 and a first transmitted light 25, wherein the first reflected light 26 is emitted to the first non-polarization beam splitting cube 4, and the first transmitted light 25 is emitted to the fourth non-polarization beam splitting cube 11;
the fourth non-polarizing beam splitting cube 11 splits the first transmitted light 25 to obtain a fourth reflected light 27 and a fifth transmitted light 29, wherein the fourth reflected light 27 is incident on the second corner cube 13, and the fifth transmitted light 29 is incident on the fifth non-polarizing beam splitting cube 12;
the second corner cube 13 reflects the fourth reflected light 27 to obtain a fifth reflected light 28 that is emitted to the fifth non-polarization beam splitting cube 12, and the fifth non-polarization beam splitting cube 12 combines the fifth transmitted light 29 and the fifth reflected light 28 and emits the combined light to the second silicon detector 16 to obtain a plurality of monitoring voltage values for monitoring coherence of the laser light received by the third non-polarization beam splitting cube 6.
When measuring absolute gravity or microgravity, the coherence of the laser light received by the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6 can be monitored through a plurality of monitoring voltage values obtained by the second silicon detector 16, the coherence of the laser light received by the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6 directly affects the coherence of the laser light received by the first unpolarized beam splitting cube 4, and further affects the accuracy of measuring the absolute gravity and the microgravity, when the monitored coherence of the laser light received by the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6 is good, the accuracy of measuring the absolute gravity and the microgravity is high, wherein the coherence of the laser light received by the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6 can be determined according to the change of the measured monitoring voltage value, for example, a change threshold value is set, and when a complete measurement process is completed, the change amplitude of the monitoring voltage value does not exceed the change threshold value, it indicates that the accuracy of measuring absolute gravity and microgravity is high.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the liquid level measuring device further includes a horizontal liquid level member 20 and an iris 19, the laser light reflected by the first pyramid prism 7 to the second non-polarizing beam splitting cube 5 is further emitted to the horizontal liquid level of the horizontal liquid level member 20 through the iris 19, and when the laser light returns in the original path, it is determined that the direction of the first pyramid prism 7 during the free fall motion is consistent with the true gravity field direction.
When the laser beam emitted to the horizontal liquid surface of the horizontal liquid surface component 20 returns along the original path, the direction of the first pyramid prism 7 during the free falling body movement is consistent with the real gravity field direction, and the accuracy of measuring the absolute gravity and the microgravity is further improved, wherein the horizontal liquid surface component 20 is only a container capable of containing liquid, and the shape and the structure of the horizontal liquid surface component are not specifically restricted. The liquid in the horizontal liquid surface component 20 can be water or other liquid, and the liquid can be removed after the direction of the free falling body movement of the first pyramid prism 7 is determined to be consistent with the direction of the real gravity field.
It can be understood that the directions of the measured absolute gravity and the measured microgravity are consistent with the true gravity field direction, that is, the directions of the absolute gravity and the microgravity in a single direction, that is, the true gravity field direction, are measured by the device of the present application, that is, only the absolute gravity and the microgravity in the single direction can be measured, and the single direction can also be understood as a single degree of freedom.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the device further comprises an installation surface verticality adjusting mechanism 21, wherein the installation surface verticality adjusting mechanism 21 is configured to adjust a spatial posture of the optical path, so that the laser light reflected by the first pyramid prism 7 to the second non-polarizing beam splitting cube 5 is emitted to the horizontal liquid surface of the horizontal liquid surface component 20 through the iris diaphragm 19, and the laser light reflected by the horizontal liquid surface returns along an incident direction.
That is, the optical path spatial attitude of the laser light reflected by the first pyramid prism 7 to the second non-polarizing beam splitting cube 5 is adjusted by adjusting the mounting surface verticality adjusting mechanism 21, so that the laser light is further emitted to the horizontal liquid surface of the horizontal liquid surface component 20 through the variable diaphragm 19, when the laser light is returned, it is determined that the direction of the free fall motion of the first pyramid prism 7 is consistent with the real gravity field direction, that is, the acceleration direction of the first pyramid prism obtained by interferometry is consistent with the real gravity field direction, that is, the laser light reflected by the first pyramid prism 7 to the second non-polarizing beam splitting cube 5 is emitted to the horizontal liquid surface of the horizontal liquid surface component 20 through the variable diaphragm 19, and the laser light reflected by the horizontal liquid surface is returned along the incident direction.
The mounting surface perpendicularity adjusting mechanism 21 is known to those skilled in the art, and for example, an adjusting frame with a model number of POLARIS-K1M4/M is selected from the following websites: "https:// www.thorlabschina.cn/thorproduct. cfm? The specific structure and the use description of the adjustment frame with the model number of POLARIS-K1M4/M can be found in the part number-POLARIS-K1M 4/M # ad-image-0', and are not described herein again.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the laser device further includes a laser 1 and a beam expander 2, the laser 1 emits initial laser 23 to the beam expander 2, the beam expander 2 expands the initial laser 23 to obtain expanded laser 24, and the expanded laser 24 is emitted to the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the device further includes a vacuum chamber for providing a vacuum environment, and the first pyramid prism 7, the voice coil motor, the first non-polarizing beam splitting cube 4, and the second non-polarizing beam splitting cube 5 are all disposed in the vacuum chamber.
The vacuum environment required by the sensing element, such as the non-polarizing beam splitting cube, the prism or the mass block, i.e. the first corner cube prism 7, needs to be maintained to reduce the interference of air damping, air buoyancy, etc. on the movement of the sensing element, i.e. the first corner cube prism 7. In order to ensure that the device can be flexibly deployed under different working environments, the rapidity and convenience of installation and measurement are ensured, and the maintenance cost is reduced. This design deploys sensing element and ejection subassembly in small-size vacuum storehouse, that is to say, with first corner cone prism 7 voice coil motor first non-polarization beam splitting cube 4 the non-polarization beam splitting cube 5 of second all sets up in the vacuum storehouse, can select the sealed little voluminous vacuum storehouse of all-metal welding to will launch subassembly and voice coil motor etc. and arrange in the vacuum storehouse, reduced the influence of air to interfering the optical path difference and air resistance to the influence of prism motion, improve the adaptability that the device of this application measured under different operational environment. Select for use the voice coil motor goods shelves product of high accuracy, to the ejection of first pyramid prism 7, can set for different initial velocity to adapt to different microgravity measuring range.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, at least one light-transmitting glass window is disposed on the vacuum chamber. The measurement personnel of being convenient for observe through the printing opacity glass window.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the vacuum chamber, the second cube-corner prism 13, the third non-polarizing beam splitting cube 6, the fourth non-polarizing beam splitting cube 11, the fifth non-polarizing beam splitting cube 12, the first silicon detector 9, and the second silicon detector 16 are all disposed in the chassis 22, and the mounting surface verticality adjusting mechanism 21 and the variable diaphragm 19 are disposed on a wall of the chassis 22 or at the bottom of the chassis 22, or are adjusted according to actual conditions.
Wherein, the relation between time and voltage can be obtained through a high-speed data acquisition board. Since the displacement changes by half a wavelength every time a change in brightness occurs, a zero-crossing detection method is adopted to calculate the zero-crossing time in the object motion process, then a time displacement pair is calculated according to a zero-crossing time sequence, and finally, the data is subjected to quadratic fitting to obtain absolute gravity or microgravity, specifically, the chip is specifically used for:
according to the sum of the voltage values respectively collected at every two adjacent time pointsThe first formula obtains all the zero-crossing time points of the stripes, and the first formula is as follows:
wherein, ti＝(i-1)*Ts，tiRepresents the corresponding time point, T, when the ith voltage value is collectedsDenotes the sampling period, UiAnd Ui+1Represents the voltage values respectively collected at any two adjacent time points, and UiAnd Ui+1Satisfies the following conditions: u shapei*Ui+1Not more than 0, i is a positive integer, j is a positive integer, and j is not more than N, wherein N represents the total number of zero-crossing time points of the stripes;
will Tj、Tj+1And Tj、Tj+1After the displacements of the first pyramid prisms 7 which respectively correspond to the displacements during the free-fall motion are substituted into a second formula, performing least square fitting to obtain a fitting result, and obtaining absolute gravity a or microgravity a according to quadratic term coefficients of the fitting result, wherein the second formula is as follows:
is shown at TjThe total displacement of the free falling body movement of the first pyramid prism,
i calculating T from the first formulajThe corresponding result is obtained when the time is longer,
indicating that the first corner cube prism is at TjThe speed of time, λ, represents the wavelength of the laser light received by the first pyramid prism.
Is shown at Tj+1First angle coneThe total displacement of the free fall motion of the prism occurs.
The following describes in detail a device for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity according to the present application by another embodiment, specifically:
as shown in fig. 1, the device comprises a chip, a first pyramid prism 7, a voice coil motor for driving the first pyramid prism 7 to make free-fall movement, a first non-polarization beam splitting cube 4, a second non-polarization beam splitting cube 5, a first silicon detector 9, a second pyramid prism 13, a third non-polarization beam splitting cube 6, a fourth non-polarization beam splitting cube 11, a fifth non-polarization beam splitting cube 12, and a second silicon detector 16, which are sequentially arranged. The device also comprises a horizontal liquid level component 20, an iris diaphragm 19, a mounting surface verticality adjusting mechanism 21, a laser 1, a beam expander 2, a vacuum bin and a case 22, wherein the first pyramid prism 7, the voice coil motor, the first non-polarized beam splitting cube 4 and the second non-polarized beam splitting cube 5 are all arranged in the vacuum bin, 4 transparent glass windows are arranged on the vacuum bin, the first transparent glass window 10, the second transparent glass window 14, the third transparent glass window 17 and the fourth transparent glass window 18 are respectively arranged in the case 22, the vacuum bin, the second pyramid prism 13, the third non-polarized beam splitting cube 6, the fourth non-polarized beam splitting cube 11, the fifth non-polarized beam splitting cube 12, the first silicon detector 9 and the second silicon detector 16 are all arranged in the case 22, the mounting surface verticality adjusting mechanism 21 and the iris diaphragm 19 are arranged on the wall of the case 22, then:
before measurement, the installation posture of each component is corrected, and the motion direction of the first pyramid prism 7 is ensured to be consistent with the gravity field direction, that is, the acceleration direction of the first pyramid prism obtained by interferometry is consistent with the true gravity field direction, specifically:
the laser 1 emits initial laser 23 to the beam expander 2, the beam expander 2 expands the initial laser 23 to obtain expanded laser 24, and emits the expanded laser 24 to the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6, the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6 splits the received laser to obtain first reflected light 26 and first transmitted light 25, the first reflected light 26 is emitted to the first unpolarized beam splitting cube 4 through a transparent glass window, the first unpolarized beam splitting cube 4 splits the received laser, i.e. the first reflected light 26, to obtain second reflected light 31 and second transmitted light 33, wherein the second reflected light 31 is emitted to the first corner cube 7, and is reflected by the first corner cube 7 to obtain third reflected light 32 emitted to the second unpolarized beam splitting cube 5, and the third reflected light 32, i.e. the laser reflected by the first corner cube 7 to the second unpolarized beam splitting cube 5, the laser, namely the fourth transmitted light 35, is reflected to the horizontal liquid level of the horizontal liquid level component 20 through the variable diaphragm 19, when the laser, namely the fourth transmitted light 35, is reflected back through the horizontal liquid level and is reflected, the direction of the free falling body of the first pyramid prism 7 during movement is determined to be consistent with the real gravity field direction, namely, the displacement direction of the first pyramid prism 7 obtained through interference measurement is parallel to the real gravity field direction, and the accuracy of measuring absolute gravity and microgravity is further improved;
the above optical path can be simply expressed as: the laser 1 emits initial laser 23 → beam expanding laser 24 is obtained through the beam expander 2 → first reflected light 26 is obtained through the third non-polarization beam splitting cube 6 → second reflected light 31 is obtained through the first non-polarization beam splitting cube 4 → second reflected light 31 is obtained through the first pyramid prism 7, third reflected light 32 is obtained → fourth transmitted light 35 is obtained through the second non-polarization beam splitting cube 5, and whether the fourth transmitted light 35 returns in the original way after being reflected by the horizontal liquid level is judged.
The mounting surface verticality adjusting mechanism 21 is used for adjusting the spatial posture of the optical path, so that the laser reflected by the first pyramid prism 7 to the second non-polarization beam splitting cube 5 is emitted to the horizontal liquid surface of the horizontal liquid surface component 20 through the iris diaphragm 19, and the laser reflected by the horizontal liquid surface returns along the incident direction.
During the measurement, there are two optical paths, specifically:
1) the first path of light path is: the laser 1 emits initial laser 23 to the beam expander 2, the beam expander 2 expands the initial laser 23 to obtain expanded laser 24, and emits the expanded laser 24 to the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6, the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6 may also emit the expanded laser 24 to the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6, the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6 splits the received laser to obtain a first reflected light 26 and a first transmitted light 25, the first reflected light 26 is emitted to the first unpolarized beam splitting cube 4 through a first transparent glass window 10 arranged on a vacuum chamber, the first unpolarized beam splitting cube 4 splits the received laser, i.e., the first reflected light 26, to obtain a second reflected light 31 and a second transmitted light 33, wherein the second reflected light 31 is emitted to the first corner cube 7, and is reflected by the first corner cube 7 to obtain a third reflected light 32 emitted to the second unpolarized beam splitting cube 5, the second transmitted light 33 directly irradiates to a second non-polarization beam splitting cube 5, the second non-polarization beam splitting cube 5 combines the received two laser beams, namely, a third reflected light 32 and the second transmitted light 33 to obtain a third transmitted light 34, and the third transmitted light 34 irradiates to the first silicon detector 9 through a second light-transmitting glass window 14 arranged on the vacuum bin;
the first polarizer 8 is further arranged in front of the first silicon detector 9, the first polarizer 8 can be mounted on an adjustable mounting base, the direction of the first polarizer 8 can be adjusted conveniently, the first polarizer 8 is consistent with the linear polarized light direction of the initial laser 23 emitted by the laser 1, and the first polarizer 8 is mainly used for changing elliptical polarized light into linear polarized light, improving the interference effect and facilitating obtaining of a voltage value.
Wherein, the fourth light-transmitting glass window 18 arranged on the vacuum chamber is convenient for the measuring personnel to check the motion state.
The first optical path can be simply expressed as: the laser 1 emits initial laser 23 → the beam expander 2 obtains beam expanding laser 24 → the third non-polarized beam splitting cube 6 obtains first reflected light 26 → the first non-polarized beam splitting cube 4 obtains second reflected light 31 and second transmitted light 33 → the first pyramid prism 7 reflects the second reflected light 31 to obtain third reflected light 32 → the second non-polarized beam splitting cube 5 combines the third reflected light 32 and the second transmitted light 33 to obtain third transmitted light 34, and the third transmitted light 34 is emitted to the first silicon detector 9;
2) the second path of light path is as follows: the laser 1 emits initial laser 23 to the beam expander 2, the beam expander 2 expands the initial laser 23 to obtain expanded laser 24, and emits the expanded laser 24 to the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6, the third unpolarized beam splitting cube 6 splits the received laser to obtain first reflected light 26 and first transmitted light 25, the first transmitted light 25 is emitted to the fourth unpolarized beam splitting cube 11, the fourth unpolarized beam splitting cube 11 splits the first transmitted light 25 to obtain fourth reflected light 27 and fifth transmitted light 29, wherein the fourth reflected light 27 is emitted to the second corner cube 13, and the fifth transmitted light 29 is emitted to the fifth unpolarized beam splitting cube 12; the second corner cube 13 reflects the fourth reflected light 27 to obtain a fifth reflected light 28 which is emitted to the fifth non-polarization beam splitting cube 12, the fifth non-polarization beam splitting cube 12 combines the fifth transmitted light 29 and the fifth reflected light 28 to obtain a sixth transmitted light 30, and the sixth transmitted light 30 is emitted to the second silicon detector 16;
the second path of light path can be simply expressed as: the laser 1 emits initial laser 23 → the beam expander 2 obtains beam expanded laser 24 → the third non-polarized beam splitting cube 6 obtains first transmitted light 25 → the fourth reflected light 27 and the fifth transmitted light 29 are obtained by the fourth non-polarized beam splitting cube 11 → the second corner cube 13 reflects the fourth reflected light 27 to obtain fifth reflected light 28 → the fifth non-polarized beam splitting cube 12 combines the fifth transmitted light 29 and the fifth reflected light 28 and emits the combined light to the second silicon detector 16.
When the voice coil motor drives the first pyramid prism 7 to make free-fall movement, that is, in the measurement process, based on the first light path, the first silicon detector 9 acquires a plurality of voltage values according to a time sequence, the chip is configured to obtain absolute gravity or microgravity according to the plurality of voltage values acquired by the first silicon detector 9 according to the time sequence, and in the measurement process, based on the second light path, a plurality of monitoring voltage values for monitoring coherence of laser light received by the third non-polarization beam splitting cube 6 are obtained by the second silicon detector 16.
A second polarizer 15 is further disposed in front of the second silicon detector 16, and the second polarizer 15 refers to the first polarizer 8, which is not described herein again.
Wherein, the light path among the device of this application's a kind of measurement absolute gravity and microgravity is double-circuit interference, can understand as: in the improved mach-zehnder interference optical path, one path of interference optical path may move, that is, the first pyramid prism 7 in the first path of optical path may move, and the other path of interference optical path may not move, that is, the second pyramid prism 13 in the second path of optical path may not move, and the point to be described is:
after each component in the device for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity of the present application is installed, it needs to be ensured that the phases corresponding to the optical path differences of the interference optical paths where the two light beams in the two optical paths, that is, the fourth unpolarized beam splitting cube 11, the fifth unpolarized beam splitting cube 12 and the second corner cube 13, are not integer multiples of 2 pi, where the first optical path may be considered as a measurement optical arm, and the second optical path may be considered as a reference optical arm.
At present, 3 gravity field data sources exist. The first is earth surface gravity observation data. Typically taking the average gravity anomaly of 100 x 100km or 50 x 50km bins. Their accuracy depends on the density of the data, elevation, and the accuracy of the gravity measurements. Because all earth surfaces cannot be effectively observed, and some countries do not disclose gravity observation data, a complete set of earth surface gravity observation data is difficult to obtain at present. The second type of data is satellite altimetry data for the marine region, which can be viewed to some extent as a direct measurement technique of the ground level. However, after removing the effect of time variation (such as tide), the repeated measurements are averaged, and the obtained static sea level is still different from the ground level. This is due to the influence of dynamic sea heave. In practice, this difference, the mean sea level undulation, is very important in oceanography. It is also important for geophysical surveys, where a geohorizon derived independently of satellite altitudes is essential. The third type of data is gravity satellite measurement data. Such as CHAMP, GRACE, and gote items. The method mainly includes the steps of continuously tracking 3-dimensional space components of a low-orbit satellite target by using a global positioning satellite, measuring and compensating the non-gravity effect of the low-orbit satellite target, and further calculating gravity data or gravity gradient data near an orbit of the low-orbit satellite target. The 3 types of gravity field data have important significance on solid geophysics, oceanography and geodesy.
The device of the invention can be used as an absolute gravimeter and is mainly used for measuring the absolute gravity near the earth surface. The absolute gravimeter is a complex system integrating a laser interferometry technology, a photoelectric conversion technology, a mechanical control technology, a high-speed data acquisition technology and a data analysis technology, and is an expression of the comprehensive capability of a country in a geophysical observation technology to some extent. Because the absolute gravimeter has high requirements on component precision, measurement precision and the like, at present, although many countries are developing the absolute gravimeter, the countries which really commercialize the absolute gravimeter only have the united states. However, for some practical reasons, the absolute gravimeters imported from the united states are regulated by the export of China, which greatly restricts the application and research of the absolute gravity measurement in China. Meanwhile, the contradiction between the increase of the demand of domestic users for absolute gravimeters and the high failure rate and long repair time of imported gravimeters has greatly limited the development of related fields. Therefore, the absolute gravimeter with high precision is developed and put into practical use and commercialization in an effort, and the absolute gravimeter has important significance for national security and development of geophysical measurement technology in China.
In addition, the gravimeter in the invention can measure microgravity. A microgravity environment is an environment in which the apparent weight of the system is much less than its actual weight under the influence of gravity. At present, the most common methods for generating microgravity environment are 4 methods: tower, airplane, rocket, and spacecraft. The weight of an object is that the object and a support (or a suspended object) thereof are fixed on a motion reference system, and when the resultant force of other acting forces of the object except the gravity, the inertia force and the support force is zero, the force of the object acting on the support (or the suspended object) thereof is equal to the vector sum of the gravity of the earth to the object and the transport inertia force caused by the motion reference system. Therefore, in the free-fall stage corresponding to the above 4 methods, the "weightless state" means that the weight is lost instead of the gravity. Only on the geostationary satellite with the height of 35786km above the equator from the ground, from the angle of relative earth stillness, the gravity of the earth and the inertial centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the earth are just cancelled (in an ideal state), so that the satellite is in a zero gravity state, and the weight loss is equal to the zero gravity. Whereas for other facilities the weight loss is not equivalent to zero gravity. Namely: the weight loss is not equivalent to zero gravity. For example, a spacecraft is affected not only by the gravitational force, but also by (1) tidal forces, caused by gravity gradients and inertial centrifugal forces, at deviations from the center of mass during in-orbit flight; (2) the position deviating from the mass center causes additional centrifugal force and tangential force due to the rotation of the spacecraft around the mass center; (3) the Coriolis force is induced by the motion of the object relative to the spacecraft; (4) atmospheric resistance and solar radiation pressure to a lesser extent produce quasi-constant acceleration of the center of mass; (5) additional transient external force is caused by operation activities such as propeller ignition and the like during attitude control and track maneuvering; (6) the movement of mechanical parts, astronauts' activities, etc. cause the change of the mass distribution in the spacecraft, generating internal forces. Therefore, the spacecraft is not in a complete weightless state, but in a microgravity state. It follows that the microgravity is not the residual part of the gravitational force and the centrifugal force, and the microgravity includes the external disturbance force to which the relevant facility or equipment itself is subjected.
The microgravity measurement data is very important for a plurality of scientific experiments and aviation researches and is also an important assessment factor of the national scientific and technical level. For example, the state of weight loss is closely related to the general relativity. The recognition and analysis of the weightlessness status deduces an equivalent principle, which is one of the bases of the generalized relativity theory, and scientists have proposed an experimental assumption for carrying out the verification of the equivalent principle in the microgravity environment at a very high level; the U.S. has established foundation weightlessness laboratories and repeated experiments in an attempt to discover new physical laws. In summary, precise measurement of microgravity environments may create significant scientific discovery opportunities.
As shown in fig. 2, in the method for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity according to the embodiment of the present invention, when the voice coil motor drives the first pyramid prism 7 to make a free-fall motion, the first silicon detector 9 collects a plurality of voltage values according to a time sequence, and the chip executes the following steps:
s1, acquiring all stripe zero-crossing time points, specifically:
obtaining all the stripe zero-crossing time points according to voltage values respectively acquired by a measuring device for measuring the absolute gravity at every two adjacent time points and a first formula, wherein the first formula is as follows:
wherein, ti＝(i-1)*Ts，tiRepresents the corresponding time point, T, when the ith voltage value is collectedsDenotes the sampling period, UiAnd Ui+1Represents the voltage values respectively collected at any two adjacent time points, and UiAnd Ui+1Satisfies the following conditions: u shapei*Ui+1Not more than 0, i is a positive integer, j is a positive integer, and j is not more than N, wherein N represents the total number of zero-crossing time points of the stripes;
s2, obtaining absolute gravity or microgravity according to the fitting result, specifically:
will Tj、Tj+1And Tj、Tj+1After the displacements of the first pyramid prisms 7 which respectively correspond to the displacements during the free-fall motion are substituted into a second formula, performing least square fitting to obtain a fitting result, and obtaining absolute gravity a or microgravity a according to quadratic term coefficients of the fitting result, wherein the second formula is as follows:
is shown at TjIs firstThe total displacement of the free fall motion of the pyramid prism,
i calculating T from the first formulajThe corresponding result is obtained when the time is longer,
indicating that the first corner cube prism is at TjThe speed of time, λ represents the wavelength of the laser light received by the first pyramid prism,
is shown at Tj+1The total displacement of the free fall motion of the first pyramid prism.
The invention provides a device capable of measuring both absolute gravity and microgravity.
In the present invention, the terms "first", "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A device for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity is characterized by comprising a chip, a first angle cone prism, a voice coil motor for driving the first angle cone prism to make free-fall movement, a first non-polarization beam splitting cube, a second non-polarization beam splitting cube and a first silicon detector, wherein the first non-polarization beam splitting cube, the second non-polarization beam splitting cube and the first silicon detector are sequentially arranged;
the first non-polarization beam splitting cube splits received laser and respectively emits the split laser to the first angle cone prism and the second non-polarization beam splitting cube, the first angle cone prism reflects the received laser to the second non-polarization beam splitting cube, the second non-polarization beam splitting cube combines the received two beams of laser and emits the combined laser to the first silicon detector, and when the voice coil motor drives the first angle cone prism to do free falling motion, the first silicon detector collects a plurality of voltage values according to time sequence;
the chip is used for obtaining absolute gravity or microgravity according to a plurality of voltage values acquired by the first silicon detector according to a time sequence.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a second corner cube prism, and a third non-polarizing beam splitting cube, a fourth non-polarizing beam splitting cube, a fifth non-polarizing beam splitting cube and a second silicon detector arranged in sequence;
the third non-polarization beam splitting cube splits the received laser light to obtain first reflected light and first transmitted light, wherein the first reflected light is emitted to the first non-polarization beam splitting cube, and the first transmitted light is emitted to the fourth non-polarization beam splitting cube;
the fourth non-polarizing beam splitting cube splits the first transmitted light to obtain fourth reflected light and fifth transmitted light, wherein the fourth reflected light is emitted to the second corner cube, and the fifth transmitted light is emitted to the fifth non-polarizing beam splitting cube;
and the second corner cube reflects the fourth reflected light to obtain fifth reflected light which is emitted to the fifth non-polarization beam splitting cube, and the fifth non-polarization beam splitting cube combines the fifth transmitted light and the fifth reflected light and emits the combined light to the second silicon detector to obtain a plurality of monitoring voltage values for monitoring the coherence of the laser light received by the third non-polarization beam splitting cube.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a horizontal liquid surface member and an iris diaphragm, wherein the laser light reflected by the first corner cube to the second non-polarizing beam splitting cube is further emitted to the horizontal liquid surface of the horizontal liquid surface member through the iris diaphragm, and when the laser light returns, the direction of the free fall of the first corner cube is determined to be consistent with the true gravity field direction.
4. The apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising a mounting surface verticality adjusting mechanism for adjusting the spatial attitude of the optical path so that the laser light reflected by the first pyramid prism to the second non-polarizing beam splitting cube is emitted to the horizontal liquid surface of the horizontal liquid surface component through the iris diaphragm and the laser light reflected by the horizontal liquid surface is returned along the incident direction.
5. The apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising a laser and a beam expander, wherein the laser emits initial laser light to the beam expander, and the beam expander expands the initial laser light to obtain expanded laser light, and emits the expanded laser light to the third unpolarized beam splitting cube.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising a vacuum chamber for providing a vacuum environment, wherein the first corner cube prism, the voice coil motor, the first non-polarizing beam splitting cube, and the second non-polarizing beam splitting cube are disposed within the vacuum chamber.
7. An apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein the vacuum chamber is provided with at least one light-transmitting glazing.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising a housing, wherein the vacuum chamber, the second corner cube, the third non-polarizing beam splitting cube, the fourth non-polarizing beam splitting cube, the fifth non-polarizing beam splitting cube, the first silicon detector, and the second silicon detector are disposed within the housing, and wherein the iris is disposed on a wall of the housing.
9. The device for measuring absolute gravitational force and microgravity according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the chip is specifically configured to:
obtaining all the stripe zero-crossing time points according to the voltage values respectively acquired at every two adjacent time points and a first formula, wherein the first formula is as follows:
wherein, ti＝(i-1)*Ts，tiRepresents the corresponding time point, T, when the ith voltage value is collectedsDenotes the sampling period, UiAnd Ui+1Represents the voltage values respectively collected at any two adjacent time points, and UiAnd Ui+1Satisfies the following conditions: u shapei*Ui+1Not more than 0, i is a positive integer, j is a positive integer, and j is not more than N, wherein N represents the total number of zero-crossing time points of the stripes;
will Tj、Tj+1And Tj、Tj+1After the displacements of the first corresponding pyramid prisms during free falling motion are substituted into a second formula, performing least square fitting to obtain a fitting result, and obtaining absolute gravity a or microgravity a according to quadratic term coefficients of the fitting result, wherein the second formula is as follows:
is shown at TjThe total displacement of the free falling body movement of the first pyramid prism,
indicating that the first corner cube prism is at TjThe speed of time, λ represents the wavelength of the laser light received by the first pyramid prism,
is shown at Tj+1The total displacement of the free fall motion of the first pyramid prism.
10. A method for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity, wherein the device for measuring absolute gravity and microgravity according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is used, when the voice coil motor drives the first pyramid prism to make free-fall motion, the first silicon detector collects a plurality of voltage values according to a time sequence, and the chip performs the following steps:
obtaining all the stripe zero-crossing time points according to voltage values respectively acquired by a measuring device for measuring the absolute gravity at every two adjacent time points and a first formula, wherein the first formula is as follows:
wherein, ti＝(i-1)*Ts，tiRepresents the corresponding time point, T, when the ith voltage value is collectedsDenotes the sampling period, UiAnd Ui+1Represents the voltage values respectively collected at any two adjacent time points, and UiAnd Ui+1Satisfies the following conditions: u shapei*Ui+1Not more than 0, i is a positive integer, j is a positive integer, and j is not more than N, wherein N represents the total number of zero-crossing time points of the stripes;
will Tj、Tj+1And Tj、Tj+1After the displacements of the first corresponding pyramid prisms during free falling motion are substituted into a second formula, performing least square fitting to obtain a fitting result, and obtaining absolute gravity a or microgravity a according to quadratic term coefficients of the fitting result, wherein the second formula is as follows:
is shown at TjThe total displacement of the free falling body movement of the first pyramid prism,
indicating that the first corner cube prism is at TjThe speed of time, λ represents the wavelength of the laser light received by the first pyramid prism,
is shown at Tj+1The total displacement of the free fall motion of the first pyramid prism.
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