CN113062724A - Shale gas well horizontal section wellbore two-phase flow full-size simulation experiment device and method - Google Patents
Shale gas well horizontal section wellbore two-phase flow full-size simulation experiment device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113062724A CN113062724A CN202110370966.4A CN202110370966A CN113062724A CN 113062724 A CN113062724 A CN 113062724A CN 202110370966 A CN202110370966 A CN 202110370966A CN 113062724 A CN113062724 A CN 113062724A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/08—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
Abstract
The invention provides a full-scale simulation experiment device and method for two-phase flow of a horizontal section shaft of a shale gas well, which mainly comprise an experiment loop protruding out of a horizontal section structure, a matching device and a measurement and control system; the outstanding horizontal section structure experiment loop comprises a water tank, a liquid centrifugal pump, a gas-liquid mixer, a horizontal section, a transition section, a vertical section and a gas-liquid separator which are connected into an annular experiment loop in sequence; the air compressor is connected with the gas-liquid mixer through an air storage tank. The matched device controls the experiment medium and detects the experiment parameters of the experiment loop; and the measurement and control system acquires experimental information of the experimental loop. The invention adopts the principle of similar scale to design the experimental pipe section; the structure of the horizontal section is highlighted, and the flowing characteristics of the shale gas horizontal well are simulated more truly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil exploitation, and particularly relates to a shale gas well horizontal section wellbore two-phase flow full-scale simulation experiment device and method.
Background
The gas-liquid two-phase flow influence rule is an important theoretical basis of a gas well drainage and gas production process, aims at that a shale gas well horizontal well has the production characteristics of quick early decline, long low production period and gas-liquid co-production all the time, has an ultra-long horizontal complex structure, and rarely performs experimental research on the gas-liquid two-phase flow influence rule aiming at the horizontal section well track of the shale gas well at present. This also seriously affects the timing and pertinence of the drainage and mining process. Therefore, an experiment method is needed to simulate the two-phase flow of the horizontal section shaft, and an important theoretical basis is provided for shale gas well extraction, so that the purpose of improving the final recovery ratio of the shale gas well reservoir is achieved.
In 2005, rocheim designed the experimental section as a "U" structure with a radius of 0.3 m. Whole experiment section divide into entry stable section, experiment measurement section and export stable section triplex and fix on the platform that can the channel-section steel preparation of tilting, adjustable measurement section angle, experiment pipeline adopt the internal diameter 50mm, long 40 m's nonrust steel pipe.
In 2009, liu suggested referencing the horizontal segments as horizontal-downtilt-ascent, slightly uptilt-riser with an internal diameter of 51mm, two versions of experimental tubing with riser heights of 6.65m and 6.15m, total length of horizontal and downtilt tubes of 95.21m, uptilt tube length of 25.97m, generation mechanism and flow characteristics to simulate severe slug flow.
In 2010, the Xiaogao cotton develops an L-shaped horizontal gas well continuous liquid-carrying simulation experiment device: the horizontal pipe section is 6m long, the vertical section is 18m high, and the middle part is added with a deflecting section of 1.5 m. The deflecting section is connected with the horizontal section and the vertical section by the equal-diameter hose, so that the inclination angle of the deflecting section can be changed by adjusting the upper and lower positions of the vertical section and the horizontal section. The experimental tube adopts phi 30 multiplied by 3mm of organic glass so as to visually observe the continuous liquid carrying and liquid accumulating processes in the tube section.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a full-scale simulation experiment device and method for two-phase flow of a horizontal section shaft of a shale gas well, and aims to realize that an experiment device for highlighting a horizontal section structure is designed according to the principle of similar scales by taking a typical horizontal section of an actual shale gas well as a research object, determine experiment parameters according to a fluid physical property similarity criterion, and research the rule of influence of a horizontal section well track on the gas-liquid two-phase flow.
The present invention is achieved in such a way that,
the shale gas well horizontal section wellbore two-phase flow full-scale simulation experiment device mainly comprises a protruding horizontal section structure experiment loop, a matching device and a measurement and control system;
the outstanding horizontal section structure experiment loop comprises a water tank, a liquid centrifugal pump, a gas-liquid mixer, a horizontal section, a transition section, a vertical section and a gas-liquid separator which are connected into an annular experiment loop in sequence;
the air compressor is connected with the gas-liquid mixer through an air storage tank.
The vertical section, the transition section and the horizontal section are experimental pipe sections and are used for simulating gas-water two-phase flow in the horizontal section of the shale gas well.
The geometric dimension design of the vertical section, the transition section and the horizontal section takes an actual horizontal well of the shale gas field as a prototype, the vertical depth of the actual well is about 3000m, and the length of the horizontal section is about 1000 m. The distance between AB target points of the horizontal section is converted to an experimental pipe section with the length of 40m according to the principle of a similar scale, the scaling coefficient of the experimental pipe section is determined, the height difference of the horizontal section is reduced according to the coefficient, and the transition section 2 and the vertical section 1 are respectively designed into 1/4 circular arc transition (the radius is 3.88m) vertical pipes with the length of 6 m. The height of the whole experimental pipe section reaches 11m, and a phi 114 multiplied by 10mm transparent organic glass pipe is used for simulation research of gas-liquid two-phase flow law of the shale gas well.
The matched device controls the experiment medium and detects the experiment parameters of the experiment loop; and the measurement and control system acquires experimental information of the experimental loop.
The matching device comprises a gas flowmeter, a liquid vortex flowmeter, a quick-closing valve, an adjusting valve, a pressure sensor and a high-speed camera; the gas flowmeter is used for measuring the volume flow of gas entering the gas-liquid mixer, the regulating valve controls the flow of the experimental loop, and the liquid vortex flowmeter measures the water flow of the experimental loop; the pressure sensors are respectively arranged on the vertical section, the transition section and the horizontal section and are used for measuring the pressure drop of each experimental pipe section; a quick-closing valve is arranged between the two pressure sensors; the high-speed camera is used for shooting the gas-water two-phase flow phenomenon of the experimental pipe section;
the measurement and control system comprises a paperless recorder and a computer; the paperless recorder is used for recording gas flow, liquid flow and pressure data of each pipe section, and all measured parameters of the paperless recorder are read by a computer.
The shale gas well horizontal section wellbore two-phase flow full-size simulation experiment method comprises the following steps:
the experimental medium is air and water, the air is stored in an air storage tank and provided by an air compressor, the volume flow of the air is measured by a gas flowmeter, the air flow is regulated by regulating a valve, and then the air enters a gas-liquid mixer; meanwhile, water in the water tank is pumped to a liquid vortex flowmeter by a liquid centrifugal pump and flows into a gas-liquid mixer; the flow parameter is set according to the principle of fluid Reynolds number similarity criterion, when the fluid Reynolds number is lower, the flow is mainly influenced by the viscous force of the fluid, and the fluid Reynolds number similarity criterion requires that the Reynolds number under the actual condition is equal to the Reynolds number under the experimental condition; the liquid flow rate under the experimental conditions is given by the following formula:
in this formula, ρLIs the wellbore fluid density; rhowIs the water density; v. ofLIs the wellbore fluid flow rate; v. ofwIs the water flow rate; h is the total length of the horizontal section; the delta H is the length of the experimental pipe section; mu.sLIs the wellbore fluid viscosity; mu.swIs the viscosity of water; the gas-water two phases under different gas-liquid ratio conditions can be simulated by determining experimental parametersFlow phenomenon and pressure test experiments;
gas-water two phases flow into the horizontal section, the transition section and the vertical section from the gas-liquid mixer in sequence; meanwhile, the pressure sensors are arranged at two ends of each experimental observation pipe section to measure the corresponding pressure drop of each experimental pipe section, and a quick-closing valve is arranged between the two pressure sensors; the gas-water two-phase flow phenomenon of the experimental pipe section is shot by a high-speed camera, and meanwhile, pressure sensors are arranged at two ends of each experimental observation pipe section to measure the corresponding pressure drop of each experimental pipe section; the flow of the gas and the water and the pressure parameters of each experimental pipe section are transmitted to a paperless recorder through a cable; the paperless recorder records data measured by the experiment, and finally the data is read by the computer;
the gas-water two phases flow out of the experimental pipe section and enter a gas-liquid separator, the gas is discharged, and the water enters the water tank again to form a complete experimental loop.
Compared with the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the principle of similar scale is adopted for the design of the experimental pipe section; the structure of the horizontal section is highlighted, so that the flowing characteristics of the shale gas horizontal well can be simulated more truly;
(2) the vertical section, the transition section and the horizontal section are transparent organic glass tubes, so that the visualization of a gas-liquid two-phase flow phenomenon can be realized;
(3) the pressure sensor can be arranged to realize the real-time recording of the pressure change of the vertical section, the transition section and the horizontal section;
(4) the vertical section, the transition section and the horizontal section can realize the simulation of gas-water two-phase flow dynamic pressure experiment under different gas-liquid ratio conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structure of a simulation experiment apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a simulation of the structure of the horizontal segment according to the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The specific technical scheme of the invention is described by combining the embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1, the shale gas well horizontal section wellbore two-phase flow full-scale simulation experiment device mainly comprises a protruding horizontal section structure experiment loop, a matching device and a measurement and control system;
the experimental loop with the outstanding horizontal section structure sequentially comprises a water tank 10, a liquid centrifugal pump 9, a gas-liquid mixer 4, a horizontal section 3, a transition section 2, a vertical section 1 and a gas-liquid separator 11 which are connected into an annular experimental loop;
the air compressor 7 is connected to the gas-liquid mixer 4 through the air tank 6.
The vertical section 1, the transition section 2 and the horizontal section 3 are experimental pipe sections and are used for simulating gas-water two-phase flow of the horizontal well of the shale gas well.
As shown in fig. 2, the vertical section 1, the transition section 2 and the horizontal section 3 are designed in geometric dimensions by taking the Changning-Weiyuan shale gas field actual horizontal well as a prototype, wherein the actual vertical depth of the well is about 3000m, and the horizontal section is about 1000 m. The distance between AB target points of the horizontal section 3 is converted to an experimental pipe section with the length of 40m according to the principle of a similar scale, the scaling coefficient of the experimental pipe section is determined, the height difference of the horizontal section 3 is reduced according to the coefficient, and the transition section 2 and the vertical section 1 are respectively designed into 1/4 circular arc transition (the radius is 3.88m) and 6m vertical pipes. The height of the whole experimental pipe section reaches 11m, and a phi 114 multiplied by 10mm transparent organic glass pipe is used for simulation research of gas-liquid two-phase flow law of the shale gas well. The experimental medium adopts air and water, the air is provided by an air compressor 7, the water is provided by a liquid centrifugal pump 9, and the air and the water enter a gas-liquid mixer 4 through a gas-liquid flow meter. The gas-water two-phase enters the horizontal section 3, the transition section 2 and the vertical section 1 in sequence through the gas-liquid mixer 4, and is finally separated in the gas-liquid separator 11, and water flows into the water tank 10 again to form a complete experimental loop.
The matched device controls the experiment medium and detects the experiment parameters of the experiment loop; and the measurement and control system acquires experimental information of the experimental loop.
The matched device comprises a gas flowmeter 5, a liquid vortex flowmeter 8, a quick-closing valve 16, an adjusting valve 15, a pressure sensor 14 and a high-speed camera 17; the gas flowmeter 5 is used for measuring the volume flow of gas entering the gas-liquid mixer 4, the regulating valve 15 is used for controlling the flow of the experimental loop, and the liquid vortex flowmeter 8 is used for measuring the water flow of the experimental loop; the pressure sensors 14 are respectively arranged on the vertical section 1, the transition section 2 and the horizontal section 3 and are used for measuring the pressure drop of each experimental pipe section; a quick-closing valve 16 is arranged between the two pressure sensors 14; the high-speed camera 17 is used for shooting the gas-water two-phase flow phenomenon of the experimental pipe section;
the measurement and control system comprises a paperless recorder 13 and a computer 12; the paperless recorder 13 is used for recording the gas flow and the liquid flow and the pressure data of each pipe section, and all the measured parameters of the paperless recorder 13 are read by the computer 12.
The shale gas well horizontal section wellbore two-phase flow full-size simulation experiment method comprises the following steps:
the experimental medium is air and water, the air is stored in an air storage tank 6 and is provided by an air compressor 7, the volume flow of the air is measured by a gas flowmeter 5, the air flow is regulated by a regulating valve 15, and then the air enters a gas-liquid mixer 4; meanwhile, water in the water tank 10 is pumped to the liquid vortex flowmeter 8 by the liquid centrifugal pump 9 and flows into the gas-liquid mixer 4; the flow parameter is set according to the principle of fluid Reynolds number similarity criterion, when the fluid Reynolds number is lower, the flow is mainly influenced by the viscous force of the fluid, and the fluid Reynolds number similarity criterion requires that the Reynolds number under the actual condition is equal to the Reynolds number under the experimental condition; the liquid flow rate under the experimental conditions is given by the following formula:
in this formula, ρLIs the wellbore fluid density; rhowIs the water density; v. ofLIs the wellbore fluid flow rate; v. ofwIs the water flow rate; h is the total length of the horizontal section; the delta H is the length of the experimental pipe section; mu.sLIs the wellbore fluid viscosity; mu.swIs the viscosity of water; the flow phenomenon and pressure test experiment of gas-water two phases under different gas-liquid ratio conditions can be simulated through the determination of experiment parameters;
gas-water two phases flow into the horizontal section 3, the transition section 2 and the vertical section 1 from the gas-liquid mixer in sequence; meanwhile, the pressure sensors 14 are arranged at two ends of each experimental observation pipe section to measure the corresponding pressure drop of each experimental pipe section, and a quick-closing valve 16 is arranged between the two pressure sensors 14; the gas-water two-phase flow phenomenon of the experimental pipe section is shot by a high-speed camera 17, and meanwhile, pressure sensors 14 are installed at two ends of each experimental observation pipe section to measure the corresponding pressure drop of each experimental pipe section; the flow of the gas and the water and the pressure parameters of each experimental pipe section are transmitted to a paperless recorder 13 through a cable; the paperless recorder records data measured by the experiment, and the computer 12 reads the data finally;
the gas-water two phases flow out of the experimental pipe section and enter the gas-liquid separator 11, the gas is discharged, and the water enters the water tank 10 again to form a complete experimental loop.
Claims (3)
1. The shale gas well horizontal section wellbore two-phase flow full-scale simulation experiment device is characterized by mainly comprising an experiment loop protruding out of a horizontal section structure, a matching device and a measurement and control system;
the outstanding horizontal section structure experiment loop sequentially comprises a water tank (10), a liquid centrifugal pump (9), a gas-liquid mixer (4), a horizontal section (3), a transition section (2), a vertical section (1) and a gas-liquid separator (11) which are connected into an annular experiment loop;
the air compressor (7) is connected with the gas-liquid mixer (4) through an air storage tank (6).
The vertical section (1), the transition section (2) and the horizontal section (3) are experimental pipe sections and are used for simulating gas-water two-phase flow in the horizontal section of the shale gas well;
the geometric dimension design of the vertical section (1), the transition section (2) and the horizontal section (3) is that the actual horizontal well of the shale gas field is used as a prototype, the actual well is 3000m in vertical depth and 1000m in horizontal length, the distance between AB target points of the horizontal section (3) is converted to an experimental pipe section 40m in length according to the principle of a similar scale, the scaling coefficient of the experimental pipe section is determined, the height difference of the horizontal section (3) is reduced according to the coefficient, and the transition section (2) and the vertical section (1) are respectively designed into a vertical pipe which is 1/4 circular arc transition, 3.88m in radius and 6m in length; the height of the whole experimental pipe section reaches 11m, and phi 114 multiplied by 10mm transparent organic glass pipes are used for simulation research of gas-liquid two-phase flow law of the shale gas well;
the matched device controls the experiment medium and detects the experiment parameters of the experiment loop; and the measurement and control system acquires experimental information of the experimental loop.
2. The shale gas well horizontal section wellbore two-phase flow full-scale simulation experiment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the matching devices comprise a gas flowmeter (5), a liquid vortex flowmeter (8), a quick-closing valve (16), an adjusting valve (15), a pressure sensor (14) and a high-speed camera (17); the gas flowmeter (5) is used for measuring the volume flow of gas entering the gas-liquid mixer (4), the regulating valve (15) controls the flow of the experimental loop, and the liquid vortex flowmeter (8) measures the water flow of the experimental loop; the pressure sensors (14) are respectively arranged on the vertical section (1), the transition section (2) and the horizontal section (3) and are used for measuring the pressure drop of each experimental pipe section; a quick-closing valve (16) is arranged between the two pressure sensors (14); the high-speed camera (17) is used for shooting the gas-water two-phase flow phenomenon of the experimental pipe section;
the measurement and control system comprises a paperless recorder (13) and a computer (12); the paperless recorder (13) is used for recording gas flow and liquid flow and pressure data of each pipe section, and all measured parameters of the paperless recorder (13) are read by the computer (12).
3. The shale gas well horizontal section wellbore two-phase flow full-scale simulation experiment method is characterized in that the device of claim 1 or 2 is adopted, and the method comprises the following steps:
the experimental medium is air and water, the air is stored in an air storage tank (6) and is provided by an air compressor (7), the volume flow of the air is measured through a gas flowmeter (5), the air flow is regulated through a regulating valve (15), and then the air enters a gas-liquid mixer (4); meanwhile, water in the water tank (10) is pumped to the liquid vortex flowmeter (8) by the liquid centrifugal pump (9) and flows into the gas-liquid mixer (4); the flow parameter is set according to the principle of fluid Reynolds number similarity criterion, when the fluid Reynolds number is lower, the flow is mainly influenced by the viscous force of the fluid, and the fluid Reynolds number similarity criterion requires that the Reynolds number under the actual condition is equal to the Reynolds number under the experimental condition; the liquid flow rate under the experimental conditions is given by the following formula:
in this formula, ρLIs the wellbore fluid density; rhowIs the water density; v. ofLIs the wellbore fluid flow rate; v. ofwIs the water flow rate; h is the total length of the horizontal section; the delta H is the length of the experimental pipe section; mu.sLIs the wellbore fluid viscosity; mu.swIs the viscosity of water; the flow phenomenon and pressure test experiment of gas-water two phases under different gas-liquid ratio conditions can be simulated through the determination of experiment parameters;
gas-water two phases flow into the horizontal section (3), the transition section (2) and the vertical section (1) from the gas-liquid mixer in sequence; meanwhile, pressure sensors (14) are arranged at two ends of each experimental observation pipe section to measure the corresponding pressure drop of each experimental pipe section, and a quick-closing valve (16) is arranged between the two pressure sensors (14); the gas-water two-phase flow phenomenon of the experimental pipe section is shot by a high-speed camera (17), and meanwhile, pressure sensors (14) are arranged at two ends of each experimental observation pipe section to measure the corresponding pressure drop of each experimental pipe section; the flow of the gas and the water and the pressure parameters of each experimental pipe section are transmitted to a paperless recorder (13) through a cable; the paperless recorder records data measured by the experiment, and finally, the computer (12) reads the data;
the gas-water two phases flow out of the experimental pipe section and enter a gas-liquid separator (11), the gas is discharged, and the water enters a water tank (10) again to form a complete experimental loop.
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