CN113061445A - Biomass and low-rank coal separation coupling heat transfer plate and low-grade iron ore co-pyrolysis system - Google Patents
Biomass and low-rank coal separation coupling heat transfer plate and low-grade iron ore co-pyrolysis system Download PDFInfo
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- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/04—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of powdered coal
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- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
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Abstract
The utility model provides a living beings and low order coal separation coupling heat transfer plate and low-grade iron ore pyrolysis system altogether, includes carrier gas supply system 1, pyrolysis system 2 and pyrolysis product piece-rate system 3, carrier gas supply system passes through the air duct and links to each other with pyrolysis system's low order coal feed bin, living beings feed bin and iron ore feed bin respectively, pyrolysis system is put out the coke box with pyrolysis product piece-rate system's baffling board dust remover and water-cooling through the pyrolysis carbonization stove and is linked to each other. The biomass is transported to the infrared heating furnace by the belt conveyor, a large amount of pyrolysis atmosphere containing H elements and alkali metals is generated, the pyrolysis atmosphere is blown into the pyrolysis carbonization furnace by carrier gas as a hydrogen source and a catalyst to participate in the pyrolysis of the low-order coal, the biomass and the low-order coal can improve the co-pyrolysis synergistic effect of the biomass and the low-order coal through electric heating and infrared two-stage pyrolysis, and therefore more high-quality oil gas resources are generated. The method has important significance for scientific research and production practice application of co-pyrolysis of biomass and low-rank coal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of renewable energy sources, in particular to a biomass and low-rank coal separation coupling heat transfer plate and low-grade iron ore co-pyrolysis system.
Background
Pyrolysis is a clean energy utilization mode, is applied to biomass and low-rank coal, can generate a large amount of oil gas resources, and is supplemented to an oil gas supply network. However, the oil gas produced by biomass pyrolysis has the defects of low energy density, strong corrosivity and the like due to the high H/C and alkali metal content of biomass resources, and the low-rank coal contains low H/C, so that the produced tar contains high heavy components and ash, and downstream pipelines are easy to block. Based on the respective H/C characteristics of the biomass and the low-rank coal and the catalytic action of alkali metal on coal pyrolysis in a large amount of pyrolysis research, the biomass can be used as a hydrogen source and a catalyst to participate in the pyrolysis of the low-rank coal, otherwise, the low-rank coal can be used as a carbon source to participate in the pyrolysis of the biomass, and the oil-gas yield and the quality of tar and pyrolysis gas obtained by co-pyrolysis of the biomass and the low-rank coal are higher than calculated values obtained by independent pyrolysis of the biomass and the pyrolysis gas. Theoretically, the CO-pyrolysis of the biomass and the low-rank coal can overcome the defects of the independent pyrolysis of the biomass and the low-rank coal, generate a large amount of high-quality oil gas resources, reduce the use of part of fossil fuels, and reduce CO2、SO2And NOxThe amount of discharge of (c). However, the biomass and the low-rank coal have too large difference in structure, for example, the biomass is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin and is connected through weak bonds such as ether bonds R-O-R and C-C bonds, the low-rank coal can be divided into components such as vitrinite, chitinous aggregate and inertinite and is connected through strong bonds such as C ═ C bonds, and therefore, the pyrolysis temperature and the pyrolysis reaction time required by biomass with the same quality are far shorter than those of the low-rank coal, namely, the pyrolysis temperature regions of the biomass and the low-rank coalWith no overlap or disjointness. The non-coincidence or non-coincidence of the pyrolysis temperature intervals between the biomass and the low-rank coal is a main reason for the non-occurrence of the synergistic effect and even the inhibition effect during the co-pyrolysis of the biomass and the low-rank coal. The existing indirect pyrolysis process has the defects of low heating rate and uneven temperature field distribution, so that the relative difference of heat transfer of reactants in the pyrolysis heating process can also influence the quality of pyrolysis oil gas.
In addition, with the development of industry, the proportion of low-grade iron ores in China is higher and higher, and the utilization cost of the low-grade iron ores is increased. The low-grade iron ore is used as a cheap catalyst, and has very obvious effects on reducing heavy components of pyrolysis tar and improving the quality of pyrolysis oil gas. Therefore, the iron ore can be used as an ex-situ catalyst and applied to co-pyrolysis of the biomass and the low-rank coal, the quality of the co-pyrolysis oil gas of the biomass and the low-rank coal is further improved, the iron ore is reduced by reducing components in the co-pyrolysis atmosphere of the biomass and the low-rank coal, and the two originally independent industrial productions of energy regeneration and iron-making industry are coupled together, so that the mutual utilization and mutual promotion effects are generated, and the triple benefits of high-quality oil gas and steel resources are obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a co-pyrolysis system and a co-pyrolysis method for biomass, low-rank coal and low-grade iron ore.
The biomass selected by the invention is rice straw, the low-rank coal is bituminous coal, and the low-grade iron ore is hematite;
table 1 is an industrial analysis and elemental analysis of biomass and low-rank coal:
table 2 shows the main components (unit: wt%) of the low-grade iron ore:
| TFe | SiO2 | Al2O3 | CaO | MgO | P | S | |
| hematite (iron ore) | 64.66 | 4.34 | 1.8 | 0.011 | 0.082 | 0.02 | 0.00091 |
The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme: a biomass, low-rank coal and low-grade iron ore co-pyrolysis system comprises a carrier gas supply system, a pyrolysis system and a pyrolysis product separation system, and the specific structure and connection relationship of the components are as follows:
the carrier gas supply system consists of a gas cylinder, a safety valve, a gas flowmeter and a three-way valve, wherein one end of the safety valve is connected with the gas cylinder, the other end of the safety valve is connected with the gas flowmeter, one end of the three-way valve is connected with the gas flowmeter, and the three-way valve is respectively connected with the biomass bin, the low-order coal bin and the iron ore bin through gas guide pipes;
the pyrolysis system comprises a motor, a biomass bin, a rubber belt conveyor, a low-rank coal bin, an infrared heating furnace, a pyrolysis carbonization furnace, a metal heat transfer plate, an iron ore area and an iron ore bin, wherein the motor is connected with the rubber belt conveyor, the biomass bin, the low-rank coal bin and the iron ore bin are on the same horizontal plane, the upper part of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is respectively connected with the biomass bin, the infrared heating furnace and a baffle plate dust remover, the lower part of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is connected with a water-cooling coke quenching box through a discharge valve, the iron ore area is connected with the iron ore bin, and biomass in the biomass bin is conveyed into the infrared heating furnace to be heated through the rubber belt conveyor;
the pyrolysis product separation system comprises a baffle plate dust remover, a pressure gauge, a condenser, a discharge valve, a water-cooling coke quenching box, a tar heat preservation device, a gas washing device, a vacuum pump, a wet flowmeter and an online chromatograph, the left lower end air inlet of the baffle plate dust remover is connected with the right upper end air outlet of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace, the pressure gauge is arranged between the baffle plate dust remover and the condenser, the discharge valve is arranged between the pyrolysis carbonization furnace and the water-cooling coke quenching box, the left upper end feed inlet of the water-cooling coke quenching box is connected with the right lower end discharge outlet of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace, the right upper end water outlet of the water-cooling coke quenching box is communicated with the left end water inlet of the tar heat preservation device, the tar heat preservation device is connected with the gas washing device, the gas washing device is connected with the vacuum pump, the vacuum pump is, the online chromatograph is positioned at the tail end of the pyrolysis product separation system and analyzes the components of the co-pyrolysis gas product of the biomass and the low-rank coal in real time.
The pyrolysis carbonization furnace and the horizontal plane form a certain included angle which is 10 degrees.
The metal heat transfer plates are arranged in the pyrolysis carbonization furnace in a crossed mode and are made of 304 stainless steel.
The isolation plate is made of 304 stainless steel and is provided with small holes which are uniformly distributed.
The water-cooling coke quenching box is divided into a left part and a right part, wherein the left part is coke, and the right part is iron.
The biomass.
The electric furnace is arranged around the pyrolysis carbonization furnace, the metal heat transfer plate and the partition plate are arranged in the pyrolysis carbonization furnace, the iron discharge port and the coke discharge port are arranged at the bottom of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace, and the iron ore feed port is arranged at the upper part of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace.
The pyrolysis method of the biomass, low-rank coal and low-grade iron ore co-pyrolysis system comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw materials: the mass ratio of the biomass to the low-rank coal to the low-grade iron ore is 2: 2: 1, grinding and crushing the three materials to be below 40 meshes respectively, and drying the three materials at 110 ℃ for 2 hours;
(2) preprocessing a system device: respectively putting the three raw materials obtained in the step (1) into a biomass bin, a low-rank coal bin and an iron ore bin, opening two safety valves, then opening the safety valves, adjusting the safety valves, and using carrier gas to flow in the whole system at a certain flow rate for a period of time, wherein the carrier gas is nitrogen, the carrier gas rate is 400ml/min, and the duration time is 10 min;
checking the air tightness of each part interface by using soapy water, starting a motor, an infrared heating furnace and a pyrolysis carbonization furnace, enabling a rubber belt conveyor to keep running at a constant speed, and enabling the infrared heating furnace and the pyrolysis carbonization furnace to be heated to a preset temperature, wherein the preset temperature of the infrared heating furnace is 420 ℃, and the preset temperature of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is 600 ℃;
(3) adjusting a safety valve to change the flow rate of carrier gas, adjusting two three-way valves, closing gas paths leading to a low-order coal bunker and an iron ore bunker, and only opening the gas paths leading to a biomass bunker, wherein the carrier gas flow rate is 100ml/min and is used for blowing out volatile components generated by pyrolysis;
firstly, opening an iron ore bin to transfer iron ore to an iron ore area on the right side of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace, then opening a discharge port of a biomass bin, wherein the discharge speed of the biomass bin is 1kg/h and is greater than the conveying speed of a belt conveyor by 0.8kg/h, and after biomass in the biomass bin 1/4 enters an infrared heating furnace, opening the discharge port of a low-rank coal bin to transfer low-rank coal to the left side of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace;
the infrared heating furnace can heat the biomass to 400 ℃ in a short time, generate a large amount of pyrolysis atmosphere containing H element and alkali metal, and blow the pyrolysis atmosphere into the pyrolysis carbonization furnace by carrier gas to participate in the pyrolysis of the low-rank coal, the biomass is subjected to pyrolysis reaction on a sintering plate in an infrared heating furnace, the reaction of the infrared heating furnace is prior to that of a pyrolysis carbonization furnace, the pyrolysis carbonization furnace and the horizontal plane form a 10 degree angle, so that the low-rank coal and the iron ore can conveniently slide downwards, a metal heat transfer plate is arranged in the pyrolysis carbonization furnace, the metal heat transfer plate is made of 304 stainless steel, the temperature distribution of the low-rank coal can be more uniform, the influence of local cracking on the quality of pyrolysis oil gas is reduced, the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is divided into a left part and a right part by a partition plate, the left part is a low-rank coal pyrolysis area, the right part is an iron ore area, and the iron ore in the iron ore area can be used as an ex-situ catalyst to upgrade and reduce the biomass and the co-pyrolysis atmosphere;
(4) blowing the pyrolysis atmosphere finally obtained in the step (3) into a pyrolysis product separation system by carrier gas, carrying out a series of processing treatments such as gas-solid separation, condensation, gas washing and the like to finally obtain tar and pyrolysis gas, opening a safety valve, discharging the solid product into a water-cooling coke quenching tank, and recovering the solid product;
the baffle plate dust remover for gas-solid separation can block dust particles with the particle size of more than or equal to 10 mu m, a condenser is used for condensation, the condensation temperature is-30 ℃, and the gas washing device for gas washing is used for removing completely condensed tar and water in pyrolysis gas;
the pyrolysis process is kept stable in pressure through the vacuum pump, the pressure gauge is used for observing pressure changes, the wet flowmeter is used for measuring the volume of generated pyrolysis gas, the online chromatograph is used for monitoring and analyzing pyrolysis gas component changes in real time, and a water tank of the water-cooling coke quenching box is connected with the tar heat preservation device.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the most suitable temperature of the pyrolysis of living beings is far less than the low order coal, consequently place both in infrared and electric heat two segmentation reacting furnace respectively and carry out pyrolytic reaction, make the pyrolysis atmosphere of living beings in the low order coal co-pyrolysis, can fully exert respectively the biggest volatile matter and reduce because of the influence of both structures and composition difference to the co-pyrolysis cooperativity, contain a large amount of H element and alkali metal in the pyrolysis atmosphere that the living beings pyrolysis produced, can participate in the pyrolysis of coal as hydrogen source and catalyst, produce the oil gas resource of a large amount of high-quality, and reduce fossil fuel's use amount and greenhouse gas's emission.
2. Before the co-pyrolysis, the temperature of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace can be raised to 400-700 ℃ according to needs, so that the low-rank coal and the iron ore are subjected to rapid temperature rise reaction, the metal heat transfer plate can enable the temperature distribution in the pyrolysis carbonization furnace to be more uniform, and the severe secondary reaction of the pyrolysis product is inhibited, so that the yield and the quality of tar and pyrolysis gas are effectively improved, and the low-rank coal and the iron ore can be effectively isolated by the isolating plate in the furnace, so that the non-in-situ catalytic effect of the low-rank iron ore is realized.
3. The low-grade iron ore can be used as an ex-situ catalyst to further improve the quality of oil gas co-pyrolyzed by biomass and low-rank coal, and is reduced by reducing components in a co-pyrolysis atmosphere, so that the energy regeneration industry and the metal smelting industry are combined, and the low-grade iron ore is fully utilized.
4. The water-cooling coke quenching box is communicated with the tar heat preservation device, so that the cascade utilization of heat and the cyclic utilization of water resources can be realized, and the dust content in oil gas can be effectively reduced by the baffle plate dust remover.
5. The heat transfer metal plate in the pyrolysis carbonization furnace can enable the coal heating rate to be faster and more uniform, the influence of local secondary reaction on the quality of pyrolysis oil gas is reduced, low-grade iron ore can be contained in the furnace and can be used as an ex-situ catalyst to further improve the quality of co-pyrolysis oil gas, and the low-grade iron ore can be reduced by a pyrolysis atmosphere to obtain extra steel resources. Gas-liquid-solid three-phase products generated by the pyrolysis system are purified and respectively collected by the pyrolysis product separation system, and gas components are analyzed in real time by gas chromatography. The water-cooling coke quenching box is communicated with the tar heat preservation device, so that the heat can be effectively utilized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of a co-pyrolysis system of biomass, low-rank coal and low-grade iron ore according to the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an infrared heating furnace of a co-pyrolysis system of biomass, low-rank coal and low-grade iron ore.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a pyrolysis carbonization furnace of a co-pyrolysis system of biomass, low-rank coal and low-grade iron ore according to the invention.
Labeled in fig. 1: the system comprises a carrier gas supply system 1, a pyrolysis system 2, a pyrolysis product separation system 3, a gas cylinder 101, a safety valve 102, a gas flowmeter 103, a three-way valve 104, a motor 201, a biomass bin 202, a belt conveyor 203, a low-rank coal bin 204, an infrared heating furnace 205, a pyrolysis carbonization furnace 206, a metal heat transfer plate 207, an iron ore area 208, an iron ore bin 209, a baffle deduster 301, a pressure gauge 302, a condenser 303, a discharge valve 304, a water-cooling coke quenching box 305, a tar heat preservation device 306, a gas washing device 307, a vacuum pump 308, a wet flowmeter 309 and a line chromatograph 310.
Labeled in fig. 2: an infrared heating tube 401, biomass 402, a sintered plate 403.
Labeled in fig. 3: an electric furnace 501, a metal heat transfer plate 502, an iron ore feeding port 503, an iron discharging port 504, a coke discharging port 505 and a separation plate 506.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are only a part of the present invention, but not all of the same.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "left", "right", "upper left", "lower left", "upper right", "lower right", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only created for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the creation of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the co-pyrolysis system of biomass, low-rank coal and low-grade iron ore according to the present invention includes a carrier gas supply system 1, a pyrolysis system 2 and a pyrolysis product separation system 3.
The carrier gas supply system 1 comprises a gas cylinder 101, a safety valve 102, a gas flowmeter 103 and three-way valves 104, wherein one end of the safety valve 102 is connected with the gas cylinder 101, the other end of the safety valve is connected with the gas flowmeter 103, one end of the safety valve is connected with the gas flowmeter 103, the number of the three-way valves 104 is 2, and the three-way valves are respectively connected with a biomass bin 202, a low-order coal bin 204 and an iron ore bin 209 through 3 gas guide pipes. The carrier gas supply system 1 functions to exhaust air in the system, and to blow the biomass atmosphere in the infrared heating furnace 205 into the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 206 and blow the co-pyrolysis atmosphere in the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 206 into the pyrolysis product separation system 3, the carrier gas is nitrogen, when the carrier gas is used for removing air in the system, the carrier gas velocity is 400ml/min, the duration is 10min, and the two three-way valves 104 are opened simultaneously. When the device is used for blowing out pyrolysis volatile, the carrier gas speed is 100ml/min, the gas circuit connected with the low-rank coal bin 204 and the iron ore bin 209 is closed, and only the gas circuit connected with the biomass bin 202 is opened.
The pyrolysis system 2 comprises a motor 201, a low-rank coal bin 202, a belt conveyor 203, a biomass bin 204, an infrared heating furnace 205, a pyrolysis carbonization furnace 206, a metal heat transfer plate 207, an iron ore area 208 and an iron ore bin 209, wherein the biomass bin 202, the low-rank coal bin 204 and the iron ore bin are on the same horizontal plane, the biomass bin 202 is located at the left end of the belt conveyor 203, the motor 201 drives the belt conveyor 203 to convey biomass in the biomass bin 202 to the infrared heating furnace 205 at a high position, the infrared heating furnace 205 can heat the biomass to 400 ℃ in a short time, a large amount of pyrolysis atmosphere containing H element and alkali metal is generated and participates in pyrolysis of low-rank coal, an obvious synergistic effect is generated, the infrared heating furnace 205 reacts before the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 206, the carbonization pyrolysis furnace 206 forms a 10 degree angle with the horizontal plane, and the low-rank coal and the iron ore can slide downwards, built-in metal heat transfer plate 207 in the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 206, metal heat transfer plate 207 material is 304 stainless steel, and the temperature distribution that enables the low order coal is more even, reduces the influence of local schizolysis to pyrolysis oil gas quality, pyrolysis carbonization furnace 206 is divided into two parts about by an division board 505, and the left part is the low order coal pyrolysis district, and the right part is iron ore district 208, the direct iron ore feed bin 209 of iron ore district 208 links to each other, and the iron ore of iron ore district 208 can be regarded as the non-normal position catalyst and upgraded the atmosphere of living beings and co-pyrolysis and reduced by its reducing component, pyrolysis carbonization furnace 206 heats up through realizing electric stove 501 heating, pyrolysis carbonization furnace 206 is in order to heat up to 600 ℃ before the pyrolysis begins.
The pyrolysis product separation system 3 comprises a baffle plate dust remover 301, a pressure gauge 302, a condenser 303, a discharge valve 304, a water-cooling coke quenching box 305, a tar heat preservation device 306, a gas washing device 307, a vacuum pump 308, a wet flowmeter 309 and an online chromatograph 310, wherein a left lower end gas inlet of the baffle plate dust remover 301 is connected with a right upper end gas outlet of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 206, the pressure gauge 302 is arranged between the baffle plate dust remover 301 and the condenser 303, a left upper end feed inlet of the water-cooling coke quenching box 305 is connected with a right lower end discharge outlet of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 206, the water-cooling coke quenching box 305 is divided into a left part and a right part, the left part is coke and is connected with a left pyrolysis area of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 206, the right part is iron and is connected with a right iron ore area 208 of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 206, the discharge valve 304 controls the discharge of the coke and reduced iron, the online chromatograph 310 is arranged at, the method is used for analyzing the composition of the co-pyrolysis gas product of the biomass and the low-rank coal in real time.
An infrared heating pipe 401 is arranged around the infrared heating furnace 205, a sintering plate 403 is arranged at the bottom of the infrared heating furnace 205, and the biomass 402 is arranged on the sintering plate 403.
An electric furnace 501 is arranged around the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 206, a metal heat transfer plate 207 and a partition plate 505 are arranged in the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 206, an iron discharge hole 503 and a coke discharge hole 504 are arranged at the bottom of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 206, and an iron ore feed hole 502 is arranged at the upper part of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 206.
Example 2
The application example of the pyrolysis method of the biomass, low-rank coal and low-grade iron ore co-pyrolysis system comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw materials: the mass ratio of the biomass to the low-rank coal to the low-grade iron ore is 2: 2: 1, taking 10g, 10g and 5g of the three, grinding and crushing the three to be below 40 meshes, and drying the three for 2 hours at 110 ℃;
(2) preprocessing a system device: respectively putting the three raw materials obtained in the step (1) into a biomass bin 202, a low-rank coal bin 204 and an iron ore bin 209, opening two three-way valves 104, then opening a safety valve 102, adjusting the safety valve 102, and using carrier gas to flow in the whole system for a period of time at a certain flow rate, wherein the carrier gas is nitrogen, the carrier gas flow rate is 400ml/min, and the duration time is 10 min;
checking the air tightness of each part interface by using soapy water, starting the motor 201, the infrared heating furnace 205 and the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 206, enabling the rubber belt conveyor 203 to keep running at a constant speed, and enabling the infrared heating furnace 205 and the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 206 to be heated to a preset temperature, wherein the preset temperature of the red heating furnace 205 is 420 ℃, and the preset temperature of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 206 is 600 ℃;
(3) adjusting a safety valve 102 to change the flow rate of carrier gas, adjusting two three-way valves 102, closing gas paths leading to a low-order coal bunker 204 and an iron ore bunker 209, and only opening a gas path leading to a biomass bunker 202, wherein the carrier gas flow rate is 100ml/min and is used for blowing out volatile components generated by pyrolysis;
firstly, opening a discharge port of an iron ore bin 209 to lower iron ore to an iron ore area 208 on the right side of a pyrolytic carbonization furnace 206, then opening a discharge port of a biomass bin 202, wherein the discharge speed of the biomass bin 202 is 1kg/h and is greater than 0.8kg/h of the conveying speed of a belt conveyor 203, and after biomass of about 1/4 in the biomass bin 202 enters an infrared heating furnace 205, opening a discharge port of a low-rank coal bin 204 to lower low-rank coal to the left side of the pyrolytic carbonization furnace 206;
(4) blowing the pyrolysis atmosphere finally obtained in the step (3) into a pyrolysis product separation system 3 by carrier gas, carrying out a series of processing treatments such as gas-solid separation, condensation, gas washing and the like to obtain tar and pyrolysis gas, opening a discharge valve 304, discharging the solid product into a water-cooling coke quenching box 305, and recovering the solid product;
the gas-solid separation baffle plate dust remover 301 can block dust particles with the particle size of more than or equal to 10 microns, the condenser 303 is used for condensation, the condensation temperature is-30 ℃, and the gas washing device 307 for gas washing is used for removing completely condensed tar and water in pyrolysis gas;
the pressure is maintained to be stable through a vacuum pump 308 in the pyrolysis process, a pressure gauge 302 is used for observing pressure change, a wet flowmeter 309 is used for metering the volume of generated pyrolysis gas, an online chromatograph 310 is used for monitoring and analyzing the component change of the pyrolysis gas in real time, and a water tank of a water-cooling coke quenching box 305 is connected with a tar heat preservation device 306.
Table 3 is the pyrolysis products and comparison of example 2 with the blank experiment:
| yield of solids | Liquid yield | Gas yield | |
| Blank experiment | 22.2％ | 18.5％ | 59.3％ |
| Example 2 | 19.1％ | 18.2％ | 62.7％ |
From the results of table 3, it is shown that example 2, compared to the blank experiment, has a solid yield decreased by 13.9%, a liquid yield decreased by 1.6%, and a gas yield increased by 5.7%, which are average values after 3 experiments.
The working principle is as follows:
before the experiment, the gas cylinder 101 of the carrier gas supply system 1 is opened, the three-way valve 104 is opened, the gas paths leading to the biomass bin 202, the low-order coal bin 204 and the iron ore bin 209 are opened, nitrogen is introduced at the speed of 400ml/min for 10min under the control of the safety valve 102 and the gas flowmeter 103, so that all air in the whole system is completely exhausted, the motor 201 is started to enable the rubber belt conveyor 203 to start to operate, the infrared heating furnace 205 is opened to raise the temperature to 420 ℃, the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 206 is opened, and the temperature of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 206 is raised to 600 ℃.
During the experiment, the two three-way valves 104 are adjusted, only the gas path which is the same as the biomass bin 202 is opened, other gas paths are closed, the safety valve 102 is rotated to enable the carrier gas to run at the speed of 100 ℃/min, the valve of the biomass bin 202 is opened, the biomass particles are conveyed to the higher infrared heating furnace 205 to carry out pyrolysis reaction under the action of the belt conveyor 203, then the valve of the low-rank coal bin 204 is opened to enable the low-rank coal to flow into the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 206 to carry out pyrolysis, the metal heat transfer plate 207 in the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 206 can enable the low-rank coal to be quickly and uniformly heated to the preset pyrolysis temperature, the influence of local pyrolysis on the quality of co-pyrolysis oil gas is reduced, the pyrolysis atmosphere in the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 206 is blown into the iron ore area 208 by the carrier gas, the reduction and pyrolysis reaction is carried out in the iron ore area 208, the upgraded oil gas resource and the, in the baffle plate dust remover 301 of the pyrolysis product separation system 3, small particle dust is blown up together with the gas product, the baffle plate dust remover 301 intercepts and flows back to the pyrolysis carbonization furnace 206, the gas product is subjected to gas-solid separation in the baffle plate dust remover 301 and then enters the condenser 303 to be subjected to gas-liquid separation, tar and water in the gas product are condensed and flow into the tar heat preservation device 306 at low temperature, uncondensed pyrolysis gas continuously flows backwards, the pyrolysis gas is washed away by the gas washing device 307 to remove incompletely condensed tar and water and is dried, the vacuum pump 308 is used for maintaining the normal pressure of the pressure gauge 302, the wet flowmeter 309 is used for metering the volume of the generated pyrolysis gas, and the online chromatograph 310 is used for monitoring and analyzing the component change of the pyrolysis gas in real time. After living beings and low order coal mixture pyrolysis to a certain extent in the pyrolysis carbonization stove 206, open bleeder valve 304, make coke in the pyrolysis carbonization stove 206, ash content and reduced iron transfer to the water-cooling and put out in the burnt case 305, it makes cold water slowly rise to the water-cooling and put out burnt case 305 outer wall upper strata to open the water source, reduce the temperature that the water-cooling put out burnt case 305, the water that flows through the water-cooling and put out burnt case 305 can continue to flow to tar heat preservation device 306 and be used for the heat preservation heating, consequently can be before the experiment begins, still can replace living beings and low order coal mixture to transfer to pyrolysis carbonization stove 206 in with quartz sand, make the water-cooling put out burnt case 305 and heat the water in the tar heat preservation device 306.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing description, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A biomass and low-rank coal and low-grade iron ore co-pyrolysis system comprises a carrier gas supply system, a pyrolysis system and a pyrolysis product separation system, and is characterized in that the specific structure and connection relationship of the components are as follows:
the carrier gas supply system consists of a gas cylinder, a safety valve, a gas flowmeter and a three-way valve, wherein one end of the safety valve is connected with the gas cylinder, the other end of the safety valve is connected with the gas flowmeter, one end of the three-way valve is connected with the gas flowmeter, and the three-way valve is respectively connected with the biomass bin, the low-order coal bin and the iron ore bin through gas guide pipes;
the pyrolysis system comprises a motor, a biomass bin, a rubber belt conveyor, a low-rank coal bin, an infrared heating furnace, a pyrolysis carbonization furnace, a metal heat transfer plate, an iron ore area and an iron ore bin, wherein the motor is connected with the rubber belt conveyor, the biomass bin, the low-rank coal bin and the iron ore bin are on the same horizontal plane, the upper part of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is respectively connected with the biomass bin, the infrared heating furnace and a baffle plate dust remover, the lower part of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is connected with a water-cooling coke quenching box through a discharge valve, the iron ore area is connected with the iron ore bin, and biomass in the biomass bin is conveyed into the infrared heating furnace to be heated through the rubber belt conveyor;
the pyrolysis product separation system comprises a baffle plate dust remover, a pressure gauge, a condenser, a discharge valve, a water-cooling coke quenching box, a tar heat preservation device, a gas washing device, a vacuum pump, a wet flowmeter and an online chromatograph, the left lower end air inlet of the baffle plate dust remover is connected with the right upper end air outlet of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace, the pressure gauge is arranged between the baffle plate dust remover and the condenser, the discharge valve 304 is arranged between the pyrolysis carbonization furnace and the water-cooling coke quenching box, the left upper end feed inlet of the water-cooling coke quenching box is connected with the right lower end discharge outlet of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace, the right upper end water outlet of the water-cooling coke quenching box is communicated with the left end water inlet of the tar heat preservation device, the tar heat preservation device is connected with the gas washing device, the gas washing device is connected with the vacuum pump, the vacuum pump is, the online chromatograph is positioned at the tail end of the pyrolysis product separation system and analyzes the components of the co-pyrolysis gas product of the biomass and the low-rank coal in real time.
2. The co-pyrolysis system of biomass with low-rank coal and low-grade iron ore according to claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is at an angle to the horizontal plane.
3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the metal heat transfer plates are arranged in a pyrolysis carbonization furnace in a crossing manner.
4. The co-pyrolysis system for biomass, low-rank coal and low-grade iron ore according to claim 1, wherein the water-cooled coke quenching tank is divided into a left part and a right part, the left part is coke, and the right part is iron.
5. The co-pyrolysis system for the biomass, the low-rank coal and the low-grade iron ore according to claim 1, wherein infrared heating pipes are arranged around the infrared heating furnace, a sintering plate is arranged at the bottom of the infrared heating furnace, and the biomass is placed on the sintering plate.
6. The co-pyrolysis system for biomass, low-rank coal and low-grade iron ore according to claim 1, wherein an electric furnace is arranged around the pyrolysis carbonization furnace, a metal heat transfer plate and a partition plate are arranged in the pyrolysis carbonization furnace, an iron outlet and a coke outlet are arranged at the bottom of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace, and an iron ore inlet is arranged at the upper part of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace.
7. A pyrolysis method suitable for the co-pyrolysis system of biomass with low-rank coal and low-grade iron ore according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw materials: the mass ratio of the biomass to the low-rank coal to the low-grade iron ore is 2: 2: 1, grinding and crushing the three materials to be below 40 meshes respectively, and drying for 2 hours at 110 ℃;
(2) preprocessing a system device: respectively putting the three raw materials obtained in the step (1) into a biomass bin, a low-rank coal bin and an iron ore bin, opening two safety valves, then opening the safety valves, adjusting the safety valves, and using carrier gas to flow in the whole system at a certain flow rate for a period of time, wherein the carrier gas is nitrogen, the carrier gas rate is 400ml/min, and the duration time is 10 min;
checking the air tightness of each part interface by using soapy water, starting a motor, an infrared heating furnace and a pyrolysis carbonization furnace, enabling a rubber belt conveyor to keep running at a constant speed, and enabling the infrared heating furnace and the pyrolysis carbonization furnace to be heated to a preset temperature, wherein the preset temperature of the infrared heating furnace is 420 ℃, and the preset temperature of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace is 600 ℃;
(3) adjusting a safety valve to change the flow rate of carrier gas, adjusting two three-way valves, closing gas paths leading to a low-order coal bunker and an iron ore bunker, and only opening the gas paths leading to a biomass bunker, wherein the carrier gas flow rate is 100ml/min and is used for blowing out volatile components generated by pyrolysis;
firstly, opening an iron ore bin to transfer iron ore to an iron ore area on the right side of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace, then opening a discharge port of a biomass bin, wherein the discharge speed of the biomass bin is 1kg/h and is greater than the conveying speed of a belt conveyor by 0.8kg/h, and after biomass in the biomass bin 1/4 enters an infrared heating furnace, opening the discharge port of a low-rank coal bin to transfer low-rank coal to the left side of the pyrolysis carbonization furnace;
(4) blowing the pyrolysis atmosphere finally obtained in the step (3) into a pyrolysis product separation system by carrier gas, carrying out a series of processing treatments such as gas-solid separation, condensation, gas washing and the like to finally obtain tar and pyrolysis gas, opening a safety valve, discharging the solid product into a water-cooling coke quenching tank, and recovering the solid product;
the baffle plate dust remover for gas-solid separation can block dust particles with the particle size of more than or equal to 10 mu m, a condenser is used for condensation, the condensation temperature is-30 ℃, and the gas washing device for gas washing is used for removing completely condensed tar and water in pyrolysis gas;
in the pyrolysis experiment, the solid yield is 19.1, 13.9 percent lower than that of a blank control experiment, the liquid yield is 18.2 percent, 1.6 percent lower than that of the blank experiment, the gas yield is 62.7 percent, and 5.7 percent higher than that of the blank experiment, and the experimental results are average values after 3 experiments.
8. The pyrolysis method of the co-pyrolysis system of the biomass, the low-rank coal and the low-grade iron ore according to claim 7, wherein the carrier gas is nitrogen, when the carrier gas is used for removing air in the system, the carrier gas speed is 400ml/min, the duration is 10min, when the two three-way valves are opened simultaneously and are used for blowing out volatile matters in the pyrolysis carbonization furnace, the carrier gas speed is adjusted to 100ml/min, gas paths with a biomass bin and an iron ore bin are closed, and only a gas path communicated with the low-rank coal bin is opened.
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