CN113060957B - Machine-made sand for ultra-high performance concrete and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Machine-made sand for ultra-high performance concrete and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113060957B CN113060957B CN202110388448.5A CN202110388448A CN113060957B CN 113060957 B CN113060957 B CN 113060957B CN 202110388448 A CN202110388448 A CN 202110388448A CN 113060957 B CN113060957 B CN 113060957B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/26—Carbonates
- C04B14/28—Carbonates of calcium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/02—Treatment
- C04B20/026—Comminuting, e.g. by grinding or breaking; Defibrillating fibres other than asbestos
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of building materials, in particular to machine-made sand for ultra-high performance concrete and a preparation method thereof. The machine-made sand is prepared from limestone parent rock, wherein the compressive strength of the limestone parent rock is more than 120 MPa; the weight percentage of the particles in the machine-made sand is that the content of the particles with the particle diameter of more than 2.36mm is 0 percent; the content of particles with the particle diameter of 1.18 mm-2.36 mm is 0% -25%; the content of particles with the particle diameter of 0.075 mm-1.18 mm is 65% -90%; the content of the particles with the particle size smaller than 0.075mm is 5-10%. The granularity content of different grain size ranges in the prepared machine-made sand is adjusted by selecting limestone parent rock with compressive strength more than 120MPa as a raw material, so that the working performance of the machine-made sand is optimized, and the compressive strength of the ultra-high performance concrete prepared by adopting the machine-made sand reaches more than 150MPa.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building materials, in particular to machine-made sand for ultra-high performance concrete and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is a novel material with the advantages of ultra-high strength, high toughness, high durability, light weight and the like. Therefore, UHPC is particularly suitable for use in large span bridges, antiknock structures, thin wall structures, and in highly corrosive environments. At present, UHPC has realized application on a certain scale, but the cost is higher, which affects large-scale popularization. UHPC takes high-quality quartz sand as main aggregate, but quartz sand is regional material, and cross-region purchase price is high. Therefore, common ores are adopted to produce machine-made sand according to the use requirement of UHPC, the cost of UHPC is reduced, and promotion of popularization is necessary.
The effect of directly applying the machine-made sand to the ultra-high performance concrete is poor due to the difference of the performances of the machine-made sand and the quartz sand. The main reason is that the raw materials are different, the quartz sand matrix is quartz ore, the hardness is large, the firmness is better, the machine-made sand is mainly processed by limestone, the firmness is slightly poor, and cracks are easier to form inside. In addition, in the national standard of ultra-high performance concrete, namely active powder concrete (GB/T31387-2015), the requirement on sand is formulated for quartz sand, the adaptive strength reaches 180MPa, and the requirement on artificial sand is that the strength is lower than 120 MPa. In the process of producing the machine-made sand, the production process and production equipment are designed aiming at the requirement of 120MPa with lower strength, and the potential of the produced machine-made sand in the ultra-high performance concrete is not fully exerted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: aiming at the problem that the existing produced machine-made sand can only be used for ultra-high performance concrete with the pressure resistance of below 120MPa in the prior art, the machine-made sand for the ultra-high performance concrete is provided, and the machine-made sand adopts limestone parent rock with the pressure resistance of more than or equal to 120MPa as a raw material, and controls the granularity distribution of a finished product of the machine-made sand, so that the pressure resistance of the obtained concrete reaches above 150MPa, and the application level of the machine-made sand in the ultra-high performance concrete is improved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a machine-made sand, which is prepared from limestone parent rock as a raw material, wherein the compressive strength of the limestone parent rock is more than 120 MPa; the weight percentage of the particles in the machine-made sand is as follows,
the content of particles with the particle diameter of more than 2.36mm is 0 percent;
the content of particles with the particle diameter of 1.18 mm-2.36 mm is 0% -25%;
the content of particles with the particle diameter of 0.075 mm-1.18 mm is 65% -90%;
the content of the particles with the particle size smaller than 0.075mm is 5-10%.
According to the invention, limestone parent rock with compressive strength more than 120MPa is selected as a raw material, the granularity content of different grain size ranges in the prepared machine-made sand is adjusted, the working performance of the machine-made sand is optimized, and the compressive strength of the ultra-high performance concrete prepared by adopting the machine-made sand reaches more than 150MPa. The inventor finds that when limestone matrix with larger compressive strength is adopted as a raw material, the particle size distribution of the produced machine-made sand is obviously different from that of the machine-made sand with low compressive strength, so that the particle proportion of each particle size interval is necessary to be considered, and the performance requirement of the ultra-high concrete on the machine-made sand can be met. When the particle content of 1.18 mm-2.36 mm with larger particle size is too large, the distribution uniformity of steel fibers in the concrete is affected, so that the strength of the concrete is reduced. The particles with the particle size smaller than 0.075mm are commonly called stone powder, and the particles are smaller, so that on one hand, the defect of coarse surface of large-particle machine-made sand can be overcome, friction among machine-made sand particles can be reduced, and workability of concrete mixture can be improved; on the other hand, the increase of the stone powder content can increase the water consumption for wrapping the stone powder, and influence the workability of the concrete; when the content is 5-10%, the particles with larger particle size can be filled, and the water consumption is basically kept unchanged, thereby being beneficial to improving the mechanical properties of the concrete, such as compressive strength. The higher the content of the particles with the particle size of 0.075 mm-1.18 mm, the better the working performance and mechanical properties of the concrete.
And the granularity section is screened and distinguished by adopting a screening mode.
Preferably, the compressive strength of the limestone matrix is 122MPa or more. More preferably, the compressive strength of the limestone matrix is 135MPa or more.
Preferably, the particle content of the particles with the particle size of 1.18 mm-2.36 mm is 10% -25%. More preferably, the content of particles with the particle diameter of 1.18 mm-2.36 mm is 10% -15%. When the particle content in the section is too large, the uniformity of steel fibers in the concrete is affected, and the compressive strength of the concrete is reduced. After the content is reduced, the compressive strength of the concrete is increased, but coarse particles are reduced so that the concrete is more contracted. The two factors of compressive strength and shrinkage performance are comprehensively considered, and the effect is better when the content is 10-15%.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the content of the particles with the particle size of 0.15-0.6 mm is more than or equal to 15 percent.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the content of the particles with the particle size of 0.15-0.6 mm is 15-45%.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the content of the particles with the particle diameter of 0.15-0.6 mm is 25-45%.
In the further research, the inventor finds that in the process of producing the machine-made sand, limestone parent rock with the strength of more than 120MPa is adopted as a raw material, the overall strength is increased, but the proportion of particles with the particle diameter of 0.075-1.18 mm in the particles with the particle diameter of 0.15-0.6 mm is obviously lower, so that the particle size distribution is uneven, the uneven particle distribution affects the flowability of the concrete mixture, and the strength of the concrete is reduced. The proportion of the particle content of 0.15 mm-0.6 mm is increased, so that the comprehensive performance of the concrete can be improved.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, in the particles with the particle size of less than 0.075mm, the particle with the particle size of 0.045-0.075 mm accounts for more than or equal to 60 percent.
Among the particles with the particle size of less than 0.075mm, the particles with the particle size of 0.045 mm-0.075 mm account for a relatively large amount, and still have certain granularity; the particle size of the cement particles is basically below 0.045 mm. Particles with the particle size of 0.045-0.075 mm can well fill micro-gaps, meanwhile, a ball effect is achieved among sand particles, the fluidity of UHPC is improved, when the particles with the particle size of 0.045-0.075 mm are not less than 60%, the requirement of the particles with the particle size of less than 0.045mm on water consumption is well avoided, the water consumption is lower, and the concrete performance is better.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the grading interval of the machine-made sand is a zone II.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the machine-made sand is formed by mixing particles with the particle size of 1.18-2.36 mm, particles with the particle size of 0.075-1.18 mm and particles with the particle size of less than 0.075 mm.
The semi-finished products with three particle size distributions are respectively stored and transported, and when the ultra-high performance concrete is used, the proportion of the three semi-finished products is adjusted according to the functional requirements of the ultra-high performance concrete, so that different performance requirements can be flexibly met.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the machine-made sand adopts a dry method sand making method, and the production process is based on the 'stone beating' principle.
As the preferable scheme of the invention, the machine-made sand is prepared by adopting vertical shaft impact type crushing sand making equipment and adjustable air screen and negative pressure screening equipment. In the implementation process, the ultra-limit particle size is returned based on air screening, the ultra-limit particle size is re-fed into the crusher to be crushed again, negative pressure adjustment is realized by adjusting the frequency of a negative pressure screen motor, and the proportion of particles in each interval is adjusted. In actual operation, the adjustment is required according to the material of the parent rock.
A concrete comprising the machine-made sand described above.
Further, the concrete comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight, cement 834 parts, silica fume 175 parts, steel fibers 160 parts and machine-made sand 1292 parts.
Further, the concrete mixture ratio also contains 1.7 percent of water reducer by weight. The water-gel ratio of the concrete is 0.19.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. according to the machine-made sand for the ultra-high-performance concrete, the limestone parent rock with the compressive strength being more than 120MPa is selected as the raw material, the granularity content of different particle size ranges in the manufactured machine-made sand is adjusted, the working performance of the machine-made sand is optimized, and the compressive strength of the ultra-high-performance concrete manufactured by adopting the machine-made sand is more than 150MPa.
2. The machine-made sand for the ultra-high performance concrete further improves the comprehensive performance of the concrete by controlling the proportion of the particles with the particle size of 0.15-0.6 mm and the particles with the particle size of 0.045-0.075 mm. The performances of the particles with the particle size of 0.075-1.18 mm and the particles with the particle size of less than 0.075mm are more in line with the requirements of UHPC, and the distinction of three semi-finished products with different particle size ranges can be realized. By adopting the mode of mixing three semi-finished products with different interval granularities, the UHPC can be reasonably adjusted according to the functional requirements of the UHPC.
4. According to the preparation method of the machine-made sand, a return type closed-circuit system is formed by adopting a dry sand preparation mode and matching an adjustable air screen, a vibrating screen and a negative pressure screen with a vertical shaft impact crusher. After the raw materials are crushed and ground and shaped by a crusher, the crushed materials are separated into overrun materials, finished sand and stone powder by an air screening technology of wind force separation, and the separation according to particle groups is realized by screening by a vibrating screen, wherein the overrun materials are returned to the crusher for crushing, the amount of particles with the particle size of 0.15-0.6 mm is increased, the stone powder blown up by an air screen drum is separated under the adsorption action of a negative pressure screen, and rough separation of the particle size of more than 0.045 and the particle size of less than 0.045 in the stone powder is realized by adjusting the power of the negative pressure screen.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a test sample of group A in test example 2 of machine-made sand of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the C1 group test sample in test example 2 of the machine-made sand of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the test sample of group D2 (example 1) in test example 2 of the machine-made sand of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the test specimens of group D3 of test example 2 of the machine-made sand of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Using starting materials such asThe cement is P.O and 52.5 cement (manufacturer, yunnan Caesalpinia-red tower cement); silica fume is SiO 2 Silica fume (manufacturer, chongqing Jinfeng trade); the steel fiber is a flat copper-plated steel fiber (manufacturer, shanghai Zhenqiang brand) with the diameter of 0.2mm and the length of 13 mm; the water reducer is a viscosity-reducing polycarboxylate water reducer with a water reducing rate of 32 percent (manufacturer, su Bote). The reference mix ratios of the concrete used are shown in the following table. The cube test method was performed according to reactive powder concrete (GB/T31387-2015).
TABLE 1 concrete basic mix ratio
Example 1
The limestone parent rock with the compressive strength of 122MPa is used as a raw material, dry sand making is adopted, and the production process is based on the 'stone beating' principle. The vertical shaft impact type crushing sand making equipment and adjustable air negative pressure screening equipment are adopted for preparation. In the prepared machine-made sand, the content of particles with the particle diameter of more than 2.36mm is 0 percent; the particle content of particles with the particle diameter of 1.18 mm-2.36 mm is 22.6 percent; the content of particles with the particle diameter of 0.075 mm-1.18 mm is 67.8%; the content of particles with a particle size of less than 0.075mm was 9.6%. Wherein, particles with the partial particle diameter of 0.015 mm-0.6 mm are added to make the content of the particles 15%, the concrete proportions are as shown in the following table 2,
table 2 machine-made sand concrete formulation
The compressive strength of the three test blocks is 152.7MPa, 159.3MPa and 154.2MPa respectively; average 155.4MPa.
Test example 1
The method is characterized in that limestone parent rock with different strength is used as a raw material to prepare machine-made sand, and the proportion of three granularity intervals in the machine-made sand is basically the same; the reference mixing ratio is adopted to test the influence of the raw materials with different compressive strengths and quartz sand on the compressive strength of the concrete, the test results are shown in the following table,
TABLE 3 influence of different limestone matrix on the compressive strength of concrete
As can be seen from the table, the compressive strength of the prepared ultra-high performance concrete exceeds 150MPa by adopting the machine-made sand prepared from the limestone parent rock with the strength of more than 120 MPa.
Test example 2
The preparation method of example 1 and the same limestone matrix are adopted as raw materials to prepare machine-made sand, machine-made sand with different particle size distribution is obtained, and the reference mixing ratio is adopted, so that only the machine-made sand is changed, and a comparison test is carried out with example 1.
Group a test, effect of particles with a particle size greater than 2.36 mm;
the content of particles with the particle diameter of more than 2.36mm is 10 percent; the content of particles with the particle diameter of 1.18 mm-2.36 mm is 90%; the average compressive strength of the concrete test pieces was 150.5. As shown in FIG. 1, particles with a particle size greater than 2.36mm affect the steel fiber flow, and the concrete strength is slightly more discrete.
Group B test influence of particles having a particle diameter of 1.18mm to 2.36mm
B1 group, wherein the content of particles with the particle diameter of more than 2.36mm is 0%; the content of particles with the particle diameter of 1.18 mm-2.36 mm is 25%; the content of particles with the particle diameter of 0.075 mm-1.18 mm is 65%; the content of the particles with the particle size smaller than 0.075mm is 10%. The average compressive strength of the concrete test pieces was 150.6.
Group B2, wherein the ratio of particles having a particle diameter of 1.18mm to 2.36mm was increased based on example 1; the content of particles with the particle diameter of more than 2.36mm is 0 percent; the content of particles with the particle diameter of 1.18 mm-2.36 mm is 30%; the content of particles with the particle diameter of 0.075 mm-1.18 mm is 63%; the particle content of the particles with the particle size of less than 0.075mm is 7%. The average compressive strength of the concrete test pieces was 149.3.
Group C test, influence of particles with a particle size of less than 0.075mm
Group C1, wherein the content of particles with the particle size of more than 2.36mm is 0%; the content of particles with the particle diameter of 1.18 mm-2.36 mm is 25%; the content of particles with the particle size of 0.075 mm-1.18 mm is 75%; the content of the particles with the particle size smaller than 0.075mm is 0%. The average compressive strength of the concrete test pieces was 142.6. As shown in fig. 2, the steel fiber uniformity is slightly inferior.
Group C2, wherein 5% of the components in group C1 are replaced by 5% of particles with a particle size less than 0.075 mm;
the content of particles with the particle diameter of more than 2.36mm is 0 percent; the particle content of the particles with the particle diameter of 1.18 mm-2.36 mm is 25% multiplied by 95%; the particle content of the particles with the particle diameter of 0.075 mm-1.18 mm is 75% multiplied by 95%; the content of particles with the particle size smaller than 0.075mm is 5%. The average compressive strength of the concrete test pieces was 150.0.
Group D test, influence of particles having a particle diameter of 0.15mm to 0.6mm
The particle content of the adjusting component with the particle diameter of 0.15 mm-0.6 mm is respectively 10%, 15%, 25%, 35% and 45%.
D1 group, wherein the content of particles with the particle diameter of more than 2.36mm is 0 percent; the content of particles with the particle diameter of 1.18 mm-2.36 mm is 22.6%; the content of particles with the particle diameter of 0.075 mm-1.18 mm is 67.8%; the content of particles with a particle size of less than 0.075mm was 9.6%. Wherein, the particle content of the particles with the particle diameter of 0.15 mm-0.6 mm is 10 percent; the average compressive strength of the concrete test pieces was 147.6.
Group D2 (same as example 1), particle content of more than 2.36mm in particle diameter being 0%; the content of particles with the particle diameter of 1.18 mm-2.36 mm is 22.6%; the content of particles with the particle diameter of 0.075 mm-1.18 mm is 67.8%; the content of particles with a particle size of less than 0.075mm was 9.6%. Wherein, the particle content of the particles with the particle diameter of 0.15 mm-0.6 mm is 15%; the average compressive strength of the concrete test pieces was 155.4. The performance test is shown in figure 3.
D3 group, particle content of more than 2.36mm particle diameter is 0%; the content of particles with the particle diameter of 1.18 mm-2.36 mm is 22.6%; the content of particles with the particle diameter of 0.075 mm-1.18 mm is 67.8%; the content of particles with a particle size of less than 0.075mm was 9.6%. Wherein, the particle content of the particles with the particle diameter of 0.15 mm-0.6 mm is 25%; the average compressive strength of the concrete test pieces was 163.0. The performance test is shown in fig. 4.
D4 group, wherein the content of particles with the particle diameter of more than 2.36mm is 0%; the content of particles with the particle diameter of 1.18 mm-2.36 mm is 22.6%; the content of particles with the particle diameter of 0.075 mm-1.18 mm is 67.8%; the content of particles with a particle size of less than 0.075mm was 9.6%. Wherein, the particle content of the particles with the particle diameter of 0.15 mm-0.6 mm is 35 percent; the average compressive strength of the concrete test pieces was 179.7.
D5 group, wherein the content of particles with the particle diameter of more than 2.36mm is 0 percent; the content of particles with the particle diameter of 1.18 mm-2.36 mm is 22.6%; the content of particles with the particle diameter of 0.075 mm-1.18 mm is 67.8%; the content of particles with a particle size of less than 0.075mm was 9.6%. Wherein, the particle content of the particles with the particle diameter of 0.15 mm-0.6 mm is 45%; the average compressive strength of the concrete test pieces was 168.3.
The test concrete formulation of test example 2 was the benchmark formulation; the amounts of machine-made sand used are shown in the table below,
table 4 machine-made sand parameters and usage comparison table
Note that: group O is the reference group (example 1), the others are the control group; x is the total amount of machine-made sand in the mix ratio, x=124+876+292=1292, in kg.
The test results of the reference group (example 1) and each control group are shown in the following table,
table 5 table of compressive strength of test pieces prepared from different machine-made sand
As is evident from the test results of group A, the content of particles having a particle diameter of more than 2.36mm affects the fluidity of the steel fiber and the compressive strength is lower than that of example 1.
As is evident from the test results of group B, as the content of the particles having a particle diameter of 1.18mm to 2.36mm increases, the compressive strength decreases and the slight uneven distribution of the steel-tapping fibers appears.
As shown by the test results of the group C, when the content of the particles with the particle size smaller than 0.075mm is reduced, the uniformity of steel fibers is reduced, the fullness of the slurry is reduced, and the water seepage phenomenon of the concrete occurs. When the content is more than 5%, the workability is better, and the segregation and water seepage phenomenon is avoided.
As shown by the test results of the group D, with the increase of the particle content of 0.15-0.6 mm, the compressive strength of the concrete is increased, but the increasing amplitude is gradually reduced, and the proportion is reduced after exceeding a certain amount. The particle content of 0.15 mm-0.6 mm is controlled in the range of 25% -45%, so that a better effect can be obtained.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The machine-made sand is characterized in that the machine-made sand is prepared from limestone parent rock, and the compressive strength of the limestone parent rock is more than 120 MPa; the weight percentage of the particles in the machine-made sand is as follows,
the content of particles with the particle diameter of more than 2.36mm is 0 percent;
the content of particles with the particle diameter of 1.18 mm-2.36 mm is 0% -25%;
the content of particles with the particle diameter of 0.075 mm-1.18 mm is 65% -90%;
the content of the particles with the particle diameter smaller than 0.075mm is 5-10%;
the particle content of the particles with the particle diameter of 0.15 mm-0.6 mm is 15% -45%;
the compressive strength of the ultra-high performance concrete prepared by adopting the machine-made sand reaches more than 150MPa.
2. The machine-made sand according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of particles with the particle size of 0.045 mm-0.075 mm is more than or equal to 60% in the particles with the particle size of less than 0.075 mm.
3. The machine-made sand of claim 1 wherein the grading interval of the machine-made sand is zone ii.
4. A method of preparing machine-made sand as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the machine-made sand is formed by mixing particles having a particle size of 1.18mm to 2.36mm, particles having a particle size of 0.075mm to 1.18mm and particles having a particle size of less than 0.075 mm.
5. A method of producing machine-made sand as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the machine-made sand is produced by dry process and the production process is based on the "stone-making" principle.
6. The method for preparing machine-made sand according to claim 5, wherein the machine-made sand is prepared by a vertical shaft impact crushing sand preparation device and an adjustable air screen and negative pressure screening device.
7. A concrete comprising the machine-made sand of any one of claims 1-3.
8. The concrete according to claim 7, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight, cement 834 parts, silica fume 175 parts, steel fiber 160 parts, and machine-made sand 1292 parts.
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