CN113059201A - High-speed electric spindle - Google Patents
High-speed electric spindle Download PDFInfo
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- CN113059201A CN113059201A CN202110410021.0A CN202110410021A CN113059201A CN 113059201 A CN113059201 A CN 113059201A CN 202110410021 A CN202110410021 A CN 202110410021A CN 113059201 A CN113059201 A CN 113059201A
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- bearing
- ring
- electric spindle
- tightening
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
- B23Q1/70—Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-speed electric spindle, which comprises an electric spindle pre-tightening device and an air pressure adjusting device, wherein a spring in the electric spindle pre-tightening device is matched with a pre-tightening ring to provide a determined initial pre-tightening force for the electric spindle, so that the initial performance of the electric spindle is reliable; the air pressure adjusting device conveys compressed air to a cavity in the electric spindle pre-tightening device through a pipeline and an air passage, and changes the pressure born by the pre-tightening ring, so that the pre-tightening ring applies dynamic load to the front bearing; the intelligent controller in the air pressure adjusting device can load pre-tightening force models corresponding to the electric spindle system at different rotating speeds, control output air pressure and timely provide optimal pre-tightening force, so that the dynamic performance of the electric spindle under different rotating speed conditions can reach the optimal state.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric spindles, in particular to a high-speed electric spindle.
Background
With the rapid development of high-speed machining technology, the electric spindle becomes a core functional component of a machining center. The electric spindle is a technology for integrating a machine tool spindle and a spindle motor into a whole, and has the advantages of compact structure, small inertia, high rotating speed, good dynamic characteristic and the like.
The electric main shaft bearing pre-tightening technology has important influence on an electric main shaft system. In the traditional mode, a positioning and pre-tightening bearing is adopted, and when a shafting part running at a high speed generates heat to change the length dimension, the size of a pre-load can be correspondingly changed; the bearing is pre-tightened by constant pressure, and the elastic pre-loading device is adopted, so that the rigidity of the main shaft can be influenced by the deformation of the elastic part under the cutting condition of low speed and heavy load. If the proper pretightening force can be provided according to different working conditions of the electric main shaft system, the performance of the electric main shaft can be better improved, the rigidity, the natural frequency and the critical rotating speed of a supporting bearing of the electric main shaft bearing system are improved, the service life is prolonged, and the vibration resistance is enhanced. The existing transformation pre-tightening mostly adopts a hydraulic oil cylinder to apply pre-tightening force to a bearing, but the structure is complex, the cost is high, the precision control is poor, the pre-tightening effect is not ideal, and the working condition of multiple working conditions of an electric spindle cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-speed electric spindle, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art, so that a pre-tightening control device can intelligently and dynamically control the pre-tightening force of a bearing according to the real-time rotating speed and the actual working condition of the electric spindle, the dynamic performance of the electric spindle is improved, and higher working stability is obtained.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a high-speed electric spindle, which comprises an electric spindle pre-tightening device and a gas pressure adjusting device, wherein the electric spindle pre-tightening device is connected with the gas pressure adjusting device;
the electric main shaft pre-tightening device comprises a front end cover, a gland, an auxiliary bearing, a bearing end cover, an air passage, a spacer bush, a spring, a sealing ring, a pre-tightening ring, a front bearing, a main shaft core, a motor rotor, a motor stator, an electric main shaft shell, a spiral cooling water jacket, a rear end cover, a bearing gland, a rear bearing, a spacer ring, a base, a sealing sleeve, a positioning ring and a sealing ring, wherein the motor rotor is sleeved outside the main shaft core and is rotationally connected with the motor stator;
the air pressure adjusting device comprises an electromagnetic directional valve, an intelligent controller, a one-way valve, a barometer A, an air source, a barometer B, an overflow valve, three pneumatic pieces and a one-way throttle valve, wherein the air source is connected with the one-way valve in series, the barometer A is connected between the air source and the one-way valve, the one-way valve is connected with the three pneumatic pieces in series, the overflow valve is connected between the one-way valve and the three pneumatic pieces, the barometer B is connected between the one-way valve and the overflow valve, the three pneumatic pieces are connected with one passage of the electromagnetic directional valve, the other passage of the electromagnetic directional valve is connected with the one-way throttle valve, an outlet passage of the electromagnetic directional valve is connected with the air passage through a pipeline, and the intelligent controller controls the air source, the three pneumatic pieces and the electromagnetic directional valve.
Preferably, a front bearing and a rear bearing are respectively sleeved at two ends of the spindle core, the pre-tightening ring is sleeved outside the front bearing, the top end of the pre-tightening ring is abutted to the sealing ring, the bearing end cover is sleeved outside the pre-tightening ring and the sealing ring, the bottom end of the bearing end cover is abutted to the top end of the electric spindle shell, the top end of the bearing end cover is fixedly connected with the gland through a screw, the front end cover is sleeved at the top end of the gland, the bottom end of the front end cover is abutted to the auxiliary bearing, and the spacer is sleeved on the inner side, close to the spindle core, between the auxiliary bearing and the front bearing;
the rear bearing is externally sleeved with the bearing gland, the rear end cover is externally sleeved with the bearing gland, the top end of the rear end cover is abutted to the bottom end of the electric main shaft shell, the bottom end of the rear end cover is abutted to the top end of the base, the bottom end of the rear bearing is abutted to the spacer ring, and the spacer ring is sleeved on the bottom end of the main shaft core.
Preferably, an air passage is formed in the bearing end cover, an outer opening of the air passage is connected with the air pressure adjusting device through a pipeline, a cavity is formed between the bearing end cover and the pre-tightening ring, and an inner opening of the air passage is communicated with the cavity.
Preferably, a plurality of grooves are formed in the pre-tightening ring, the grooves are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the springs are arranged in the grooves and are abutted to the bearing end covers.
Preferably, a plurality of sealing rings are arranged on the sealing ring and the pre-tightening ring.
Preferably, a sealing sleeve is arranged on the inner side of the gland, and a positioning ring is arranged on one side, far away from the spindle shaft core, between the gland and the auxiliary bearing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. the spring in the electric spindle pre-tightening device is matched with the pre-tightening ring to provide determined initial pre-tightening force for the electric spindle, so that the initial performance of the electric spindle is reliable;
2. the air pressure adjusting device conveys compressed air to a cavity in the electric spindle pre-tightening device through a pipeline and an air passage to change the pressure born by the pre-tightening ring, so that the pre-tightening ring applies dynamic load to the front bearing, and the reaction is rapid;
3. the intelligent controller in the air pressure adjusting device can load pre-tightening force models corresponding to the electric spindle system at different rotating speeds, control output air pressure and timely provide optimal pre-tightening force, so that the dynamic performance of the electric spindle under different rotating speed conditions can reach the optimal state.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a high-speed motorized spindle;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric spindle pre-tightening device;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an air pressure adjusting device;
the device comprises an electric spindle pre-tightening device 1, a front end cover 11, a gland 12, an auxiliary bearing 13, a bearing end cover 14, an air channel 15, a spacer bush 16, a spring 17, a sealing ring 18, a pre-tightening ring 19, a front bearing 110, a spindle core 111, a motor rotor 112, a motor stator 113, a motor spindle shell 114, a spiral cooling water jacket 115, a rear end cover 116, a bearing gland 117, a rear bearing 118, a spacer ring 119, a base 120, a gland 121, a positioning ring 122, a sealing ring 123, an air pressure adjusting device 2, an electromagnetic reversing valve 21, an intelligent controller 22, a check valve 23, an air pressure gauge A24, an air source 25, an air pressure gauge B26, an overflow valve 27, a pneumatic three-piece 28 and a one-way throttle valve 29.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a high-speed electric spindle, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art, so that a pre-tightening control device can intelligently and dynamically control the pre-tightening force of a bearing according to the real-time rotating speed and the actual working condition of the electric spindle, the dynamic performance of the electric spindle is improved, and higher working stability is obtained.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Referring to fig. 1-3, fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a high-speed electric spindle, fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a pre-tightening device of the electric spindle, and fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of an air pressure adjusting device.
The invention provides a high-speed electric spindle, which comprises an electric spindle pre-tightening device 1 and a gas pressure adjusting device 2;
the electric spindle pre-tightening device 1 comprises a front end cover 11, a gland 12, an auxiliary bearing 13, a bearing end cover 14, an air passage 15, a spacer 16, a spring 17, a sealing ring 18, a pre-tightening ring 19, a front bearing 110, a spindle shaft core 111, a motor rotor 112, a motor stator 113, an electric spindle shell 114, a spiral cooling water jacket 115, a rear end cover 116, a bearing gland 117, a rear bearing 118, a spacer 119, a base 120, a sealing sleeve 121, a positioning ring 122 and a sealing ring 123, wherein the motor rotor 112 is sleeved outside the spindle shaft core 111, the motor rotor 112 is rotatably connected with the motor stator 113, the motor stator 113 is sleeved in the electric spindle shell 114, and the spiral cooling water jacket 115 is sleeved outside the electric spindle shell 114;
the air pressure adjusting device 2 comprises an electromagnetic directional valve 21, an intelligent controller 22, a one-way valve 23, an air pressure gauge A24, an air source 25, an air pressure gauge B26, an overflow valve 27, three pneumatic main parts 28 and a one-way throttle valve 29, wherein the air source 25 is connected with the one-way valve 23 in series, the air pressure gauge A24 is connected between the air source 25 and the one-way valve 23, the one-way valve 23 is connected with the three pneumatic main parts 28 in series, the overflow valve 27 is connected between the one-way valve 23 and the three pneumatic main parts 28, the air pressure gauge B26 is connected between the one-way valve 23 and the overflow valve 27, the three pneumatic main parts 28 are connected with one passage of the electromagnetic directional valve 21, the other passage of the electromagnetic directional valve 21 is connected with the one-way throttle valve 29, an outlet passage of the electromagnetic directional valve 21 is connected with an air passage 15 through a pipeline, and the.
In the embodiment, the barometer A24 can detect the air pressure of the air source, so as to prevent the phenomenon of insufficient air pressure; the barometer B26 can monitor the air pressure at the overflow valve 27 to prevent the supplied air pressure from exceeding the system tolerance limit and making timely adjustments as the overflow pressure approaches; the intelligent controller 22 can load the pre-tightening force model corresponding to the electric spindle system under different rotating speeds, and accordingly, the air source 25, the pneumatic three parts 28 and the electromagnetic directional valve 21 are subjected to combined intelligent control.
Furthermore, a front bearing 110 and a rear bearing 118 are respectively sleeved at two ends of a spindle shaft core 111, a pre-tightening ring 19 is sleeved outside the front bearing 110, the top end of the pre-tightening ring 19 is abutted against the sealing ring 18, a bearing end cover 14 is sleeved outside the pre-tightening ring 19 and the sealing ring 18, the bottom end of the bearing end cover 14 is abutted against the top end of the electric spindle shell 114, the top end of the bearing end cover 14 is fixedly connected with the gland 12 through a screw, a front end cover 11 is sleeved at the top end of the gland 12, the bottom end of the front end cover 11 is abutted against an auxiliary bearing 13, and a spacer 16 is sleeved between the auxiliary bearing 13 and the front bearing 110 and close to the inner side of;
the back bearing 118 is externally sleeved with a bearing gland 117, the bearing gland 117 is externally sleeved with a back end cover 116, the top end of the back end cover 116 abuts against the bottom end of the electric main shaft shell 114, the bottom end of the back end cover 116 abuts against the top end of the base 120, the bottom end of the back bearing 118 abuts against a spacer ring 119, and the spacer ring 119 is sleeved on the bottom end of the main shaft core 111.
Further, an air passage 15 is formed in the bearing end cover 14, an outer opening of the air passage 15 is connected with the air pressure adjusting device 2 through a pipeline, a cavity is formed between the bearing end cover 14 and the pre-tightening ring 19, and an inner opening of the air passage 15 is communicated with the cavity, so that compressed air can stably apply pressure to the pre-tightening ring 19 through the air passage 15.
Furthermore, a plurality of grooves are formed in the pre-tightening ring 19 and are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, the spring 17 is arranged in the groove and is abutted to the bearing end cover 14, the spring 17 can provide initial pre-tightening force for the pre-tightening ring 19, so that the electric spindle is good in initial performance, the groove plays a positioning role for the spring 17, the situation that the spring 17 is displaced in a vibration mode in the motion process is prevented, and meanwhile the pre-tightening ring is convenient to detach.
Furthermore, a plurality of sealing rings 123 are arranged on the sealing ring 18 and the pre-tightening ring 19, so that the electric spindle pre-tightening device 1 is ensured to have good air tightness, and the working efficiency is improved.
Furthermore, a sealing sleeve 121 is mounted on the inner side of the gland 12, and a positioning ring 122 is mounted on one side of the space between the gland 12 and the auxiliary bearing 13, which is far away from the spindle shaft core 111, so as to position the auxiliary bearing 13 and enhance the support.
The specific working process of the invention is as follows:
the intelligent controller 22 can load the pre-tightening force model corresponding to the electric spindle system under different rotating speeds, and accordingly, the air source 25, the pneumatic three parts 28 and the electromagnetic directional valve 21 are subjected to combined intelligent control.
When the electric spindle is in a low-speed heavy-load cutting condition, the rigidity of the front bearing 110 cannot meet the requirements of the working condition, the air pressure adjusting device 2 works, the intelligent controller 22 controls the pressure of the control port of the pneumatic three main parts 28, the electromagnetic directional valve 21 is switched to the upper position, the air source 25 is controlled to start ventilation, compressed air enters the air channel 15 through a pipeline and is communicated into the cavity, so that pressure is generated on the pre-tightening ring 19, the load applied to the front bearing 110 by the pre-tightening ring 19 changes, the rigidity of the front bearing 110 is improved, and the dynamic performance of the front bearing 110 under the working condition is optimal.
When the electric spindle is in a cutting condition of high-speed rotation, the pretightening force needs to be properly reduced, at the moment, the intelligent controller 22 controls the pressure of a control port of the pneumatic three main parts 28 to be reduced, the electromagnetic directional valve 21 is switched to the lower position, compressed air in the cavity is unloaded slowly through the air channel 15 and the pipeline through the one-way throttle valve 29, and the intelligent controller 22 switches the electromagnetic directional valve 21 to the upper position until the pretightening force reaches the optimal state under the working condition, so that the current pressure is stably maintained.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A high speed electric spindle, comprising: the electric spindle pre-tightening device and the air pressure adjusting device;
the electric main shaft pre-tightening device comprises a front end cover, a gland, an auxiliary bearing, a bearing end cover, an air passage, a spacer bush, a spring, a sealing ring, a pre-tightening ring, a front bearing, a main shaft core, a motor rotor, a motor stator, an electric main shaft shell, a spiral cooling water jacket, a rear end cover, a bearing gland, a rear bearing, a spacer ring, a base, a sealing sleeve, a positioning ring and a sealing ring, wherein the motor rotor is sleeved outside the main shaft core and is rotationally connected with the motor stator;
the air pressure adjusting device comprises an electromagnetic directional valve, an intelligent controller, a one-way valve, a barometer A, an air source, a barometer B, an overflow valve, three pneumatic pieces and a one-way throttle valve, wherein the air source is connected with the one-way valve in series, the barometer A is connected between the air source and the one-way valve, the one-way valve is connected with the three pneumatic pieces in series, the overflow valve is connected between the one-way valve and the three pneumatic pieces, the barometer B is connected between the one-way valve and the overflow valve, the three pneumatic pieces are connected with one passage of the electromagnetic directional valve, the other passage of the electromagnetic directional valve is connected with the one-way throttle valve, an outlet passage of the electromagnetic directional valve is connected with the air passage through a pipeline, and the intelligent controller controls the air source, the three pneumatic pieces and the electromagnetic directional valve.
2. The high-speed electric spindle according to claim 1, wherein a front bearing and a rear bearing are respectively sleeved at two ends of the spindle core, the preload ring is sleeved outside the front bearing, the top end of the preload ring is abutted against the sealing ring, the bearing end covers are sleeved outside the preload ring and the sealing ring, the bottom end of the bearing end cover is abutted against the top end of the electric spindle shell, the top end of the bearing end cover is fixedly connected with the gland through a screw, the front end cover is sleeved at the top end of the gland, the bottom end of the front end cover is abutted against the auxiliary bearing, and the spacer sleeve is sleeved between the auxiliary bearing and the front bearing and close to the inner side of the spindle core;
the rear bearing is externally sleeved with the bearing gland, the rear end cover is externally sleeved with the bearing gland, the top end of the rear end cover is abutted to the bottom end of the electric main shaft shell, the bottom end of the rear end cover is abutted to the top end of the base, the bottom end of the rear bearing is abutted to the spacer ring, and the spacer ring is sleeved on the bottom end of the main shaft core.
3. The high-speed motorized spindle according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein an air passage is formed in the bearing end cap, an outer port of the air passage is connected with the air pressure adjusting device through a pipeline, a cavity is formed between the bearing end cap and the pre-tightening ring, and an inner port of the air passage is communicated with the cavity.
4. A high-speed electric spindle according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the preload ring has a plurality of grooves formed therein, the grooves are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the spring is disposed in the grooves and abuts against the bearing end cap.
5. A high speed electric spindle according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein a plurality of said sealing rings are provided on said sealing ring and said preload ring.
6. A high-speed electric spindle according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein a sealing sleeve is mounted inside the gland, and a positioning ring is mounted between the gland and the auxiliary bearing on the side away from the spindle core.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110410021.0A CN113059201A (en) | 2021-04-16 | 2021-04-16 | High-speed electric spindle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110410021.0A CN113059201A (en) | 2021-04-16 | 2021-04-16 | High-speed electric spindle |
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| CN113059201A true CN113059201A (en) | 2021-07-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110410021.0A Pending CN113059201A (en) | 2021-04-16 | 2021-04-16 | High-speed electric spindle |
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| CN (1) | CN113059201A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114227963A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-03-25 | 无锡阳光精机有限公司 | High-speed eccentric slicer electric spindle equipment for manufacturing high-end equipment |
| CN114505505A (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2022-05-17 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | High-speed electric spindle with replaceable rotating assembly |
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| JP2008238297A (en) * | 2007-03-26 | 2008-10-09 | Nsk Ltd | Spindle device |
| CN101941152A (en) * | 2010-08-27 | 2011-01-12 | 沈阳第一机床厂 | High-speed turn-milling combined machining power electric main shaft device and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102322451A (en) * | 2011-08-28 | 2012-01-18 | 黄幼华 | Pneumatic pressure intelligent control system |
| CN202387725U (en) * | 2011-11-21 | 2012-08-22 | 中色科技股份有限公司 | Hydraulic control loop of ironing roller device |
| CN106623994A (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2017-05-10 | 沈机集团昆明机床股份有限公司 | Machine tool spindle system provided with pretightening force adjusting device |
| JP2018024063A (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2018-02-15 | オークマ株式会社 | Spindle device of machine tool |
| CN112108659A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2020-12-22 | 宁波天控五轴数控技术有限公司 | Electric spindle pre-tightening device for gantry machining center |
-
2021
- 2021-04-16 CN CN202110410021.0A patent/CN113059201A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008238297A (en) * | 2007-03-26 | 2008-10-09 | Nsk Ltd | Spindle device |
| CN101941152A (en) * | 2010-08-27 | 2011-01-12 | 沈阳第一机床厂 | High-speed turn-milling combined machining power electric main shaft device and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102322451A (en) * | 2011-08-28 | 2012-01-18 | 黄幼华 | Pneumatic pressure intelligent control system |
| CN202387725U (en) * | 2011-11-21 | 2012-08-22 | 中色科技股份有限公司 | Hydraulic control loop of ironing roller device |
| JP2018024063A (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2018-02-15 | オークマ株式会社 | Spindle device of machine tool |
| CN106623994A (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2017-05-10 | 沈机集团昆明机床股份有限公司 | Machine tool spindle system provided with pretightening force adjusting device |
| CN112108659A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2020-12-22 | 宁波天控五轴数控技术有限公司 | Electric spindle pre-tightening device for gantry machining center |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114227963A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-03-25 | 无锡阳光精机有限公司 | High-speed eccentric slicer electric spindle equipment for manufacturing high-end equipment |
| CN114505505A (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2022-05-17 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | High-speed electric spindle with replaceable rotating assembly |
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