CN113059016A - Thinning, stretching and extruding composite forming die for large-height-diameter ratio cylinder - Google Patents
Thinning, stretching and extruding composite forming die for large-height-diameter ratio cylinder Download PDFInfo
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- CN113059016A CN113059016A CN202110279261.1A CN202110279261A CN113059016A CN 113059016 A CN113059016 A CN 113059016A CN 202110279261 A CN202110279261 A CN 202110279261A CN 113059016 A CN113059016 A CN 113059016A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/03—Making uncoated products by both direct and backward extrusion
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Abstract
The invention discloses a thinning, stretching and extruding composite forming die for a large height-diameter ratio cylinder, which comprises an upper die assembly, a reverse extruding convex die, a lower die assembly, a concave die, a first telescopic cylinder, a middle die assembly, a forward extruding convex die, a second telescopic cylinder and a mandril; the device comprises an upper die assembly, a middle die assembly, a lower die assembly, a middle die assembly, a reverse extrusion male die, a forward extrusion male die, a first telescopic cylinder, a second telescopic cylinder, a female die, an inner die cavity, an extrusion cavity, a turning cavity and an extension cavity, wherein the reverse extrusion male die is fixed on the upper die assembly; the turning cavity is connected between the extrusion cavity and the extension cavity in a folding transition mode, and the shape of the lower surface of the positive extrusion convex die is matched with that of the turning cavity. The scheme completes three processes through one process, and solves the problems of limited machining size, high cost and low efficiency in the traditional machining process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of processing equipment of metal composite materials, and particularly relates to a thinning, stretching and extruding composite forming die for a cylinder with a large height-diameter ratio.
Background
At present, the traditional backward extrusion has short hole depth, the height-diameter ratio of an inner hole of common alloy steel is about 3, the height-diameter ratio of the traditional backward extrusion is too large, and a punch is easy to destabilize. Although the height-diameter ratio of the blind hole of the blank can be increased by the traditional forward extrusion, the height-diameter ratio of the core die cannot be too large, otherwise the core die is unstable. The uniformity and mechanical properties of the formed material need to be optimized. The traditional forward and backward extrusion method cannot meet the requirements of forming a barrel component with a certain height-diameter ratio and cannot ensure the quality of the barrel component. Although the process of one-time backward extrusion and thinning extension is adopted, the component with large height-diameter ratio can be formed only by multiple times of extension under the influence of thinning extension coefficient. The cost increases and the forming softening counteracts the strengthening effect due to the increase of deformation passes. The production efficiency is low.
Drawing and extrusion are common forming methods for alloy parts. In the production of parts, the drawing process is often used to produce alloy cylinder parts with uniform wall thickness, while the extrusion process is used to form parts with varying wall thickness. The traditional production process and equipment can only finish one forming process in one procedure generally, when parts need to be processed by a plurality of processes, the increase of the procedure means the addition of other equipment and dies, the production period of the parts is increased, the production cost is increased, and the production efficiency is greatly reduced. Therefore, when an alloy part is required to be produced by stretching and extruding processes, the conventional process equipment cannot simultaneously perform three processes of forward extrusion, backward extrusion and stretching on single equipment, and the reduction of the cost and the improvement of the efficiency of the product are seriously hindered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a thinning, stretching and extruding composite forming die for a cylinder with a large height-diameter ratio, overcomes the defects of the prior art, completes the thinning and stretching of the cylinder with the large height-diameter ratio of three processes through one process, and solves the problems of limited processing size, high cost and low efficiency of the traditional extruding composite forming.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the solution of the invention is: the large-height-diameter-ratio barrel thinning, stretching and extruding composite forming die comprises an upper die assembly, a reverse extruding convex die, a lower die assembly, a concave die, a first telescopic cylinder, a middle die assembly, a forward extruding convex die, a second telescopic cylinder and a mandril; the middle die assembly is positioned between the upper die assembly and the lower die assembly, the reverse extrusion male die is fixed at the lower part of the upper die assembly, the forward extrusion male die is fixed at the lower part of the middle die assembly, through holes are coaxially formed in the middle die assembly and the forward extrusion male die for the reverse extrusion male die to pass through, the female die is fixed at the upper part of the lower die assembly, the first telescopic cylinder and the second telescopic cylinder both comprise fixed ends and telescopic ends, the fixed ends of the first telescopic cylinder and the second telescopic cylinder are fixed on the lower die assembly, the telescopic end of the first telescopic cylinder is connected with the upper die assembly to drive the upper die assembly and the reverse extrusion male die to move up and down, the telescopic end of the second telescopic cylinder is connected with the middle die assembly to drive the middle die assembly and,
the female die is provided with an inner cavity, the inner cavity is sequentially divided into an extrusion cavity, a turning cavity and an extension cavity from top to bottom, a blank is placed in the extrusion cavity, the diameter of the extension cavity is smaller than that of the extrusion cavity, the backward extrusion male die and the extension cavity are located on the same axis, the difference between the radius of the backward extrusion male die and the radius of the extension cavity is the wall thickness of a barrel to be formed, a discharge hole is formed in the bottom of the extension cavity, a discharge channel is formed in the position, corresponding to the discharge hole, of the lower die assembly, the ejector rod is mounted on the lower die assembly, penetrates through the discharge channel, the upper portion of the ejector rod abuts against the female die, and a groove is formed in the upper surface of the; the turning cavity is connected between the extrusion cavity and the extension cavity in a furling transition mode, the diameter of the positive extrusion convex die is the same as that of the extrusion cavity, and the shape of the lower surface of the positive extrusion convex die is matched with that of the turning cavity.
Preferably, the upper die assembly comprises an upper die base, a buffer plate, a backward extrusion punch fixing plate and an upper die bolt, the buffer plate and the backward extrusion punch fixing plate are assembled on the lower portion of the upper die base through the upper die bolt, the buffer plate is clamped between the backward extrusion punch and the upper die base, the telescopic end of the first telescopic cylinder is connected with the upper die base, and the backward extrusion punch is fixedly installed on the backward extrusion punch fixing plate.
Preferably, the middle die assembly comprises a middle die base, a positive extrusion male die fixing plate and a middle die bolt, the positive extrusion male die fixing plate is assembled on the lower portion of the middle die base through the middle die bolt, the telescopic end of the second telescopic cylinder is connected with the middle die base, and the positive extrusion male die is fixedly mounted on the positive extrusion male die fixing plate.
Preferably, the lower die assembly comprises a lower die base, an ejector rod mounting base and a lower die bolt, the female die is fixedly mounted on the upper portion of the lower die base, the fixed ends of the first telescopic cylinder and the second telescopic cylinder are fixed on the lower die base, the ejector rod mounting base is assembled on the lower portion of the lower die base through the lower die bolt, and the ejector rod is mounted by the ejector rod mounting base.
Preferably, the ejector rod is in an inverted T shape, and an inverted T-shaped groove is formed in the ejector rod mounting seat corresponding to the discharging channel and used for being placed in a matched mode.
Preferably, the first telescopic cylinder and the second telescopic cylinder can be hydraulic telescopic cylinders.
After the scheme is adopted, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the composite material can be compounded through three processes of backward extrusion, forward extrusion and extension, and finally the formed part has excellent uniformity, interface bonding force and mechanical property.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention (placing of the billet);
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the reverse extrusion molding of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the present invention with the ejector pin and the lower die assembly removed;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a forward extrusion and draw composite forming process of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the completed forward extrusion and draw composite forming of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the backward extrusion punch of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the positive extrusion punch of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the female mold of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of the carrier rod of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of a resulting barrel form of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
the device comprises an upper die assembly 1, an upper die base 11, a buffer plate 12, a backward extrusion punch fixing plate 13, an upper die bolt 14, a backward extrusion punch 15, a lower die assembly 2, a lower die base 21, a discharging channel 211, a push rod mounting base 22, an inverted T-shaped groove 221, a lower die bolt 23, a female die 24, an inner die cavity 241, an extrusion cavity 2411, a turning cavity 2412, a stretching cavity 2413, a discharging hole 2414, a first telescopic cylinder 3, a middle die assembly 4, a middle die base 41, a forward extrusion punch fixing plate 42, a middle die bolt 43, a forward extrusion punch 44, a through hole 441, a second telescopic cylinder 5, a push rod 6, a groove 61 and a blank 7.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings 1 to 10 and the embodiments.
The invention provides a thinning, stretching and extruding composite forming die for a cylinder with a large height-diameter ratio, which comprises an upper die assembly 1, a reverse extruding convex die 15, a lower die assembly 2, a concave die 24, a first telescopic cylinder 3, a middle die assembly 4, a forward extruding convex die 44, a second telescopic cylinder 5 and a mandril 6, wherein the upper die assembly is arranged at the upper end of the upper die assembly 1; the middle mold assembly 4 is located between the upper mold assembly 1 and the lower mold assembly 2, the reverse extrusion male mold 15 is fixed on the lower part of the upper mold assembly 1, the forward extrusion male mold 44 is fixed on the lower part of the middle mold assembly 4, and with reference to fig. 7 and 8, and the middle die assembly 4 and the positive extrusion convex die 44 are coaxially provided with a through hole 441 for the negative extrusion convex die 15 to pass through, the female die 24 is fixed on the upper part of the lower die component 2, the first telescopic cylinder 3 and the second telescopic cylinder 5 both comprise fixed ends and telescopic ends, the fixed ends of the first telescopic cylinder 3 and the second telescopic cylinder 5 are fixed on the lower die component 2, the telescopic end of the first telescopic cylinder 3 is connected with the upper die component 1 to drive the upper die component 1 and the reverse extrusion male die 15 to move up and down, the telescopic end of the second telescopic cylinder 5 is connected with the middle die component 4 to drive the middle die component 4 and the forward extrusion male die 44 to move up and down,
the female die 24 is provided with an inner cavity 241, fig. 8 shows a structural schematic diagram of the female die 24, the inner cavity 241 is sequentially divided into an extrusion cavity 2411, a turning cavity 2412 and an extension cavity 2413 from top to bottom, the extrusion cavity 2411 is used for placing a blank 7, the diameter of the extension cavity 2413 is smaller than that of the extrusion cavity 2411, the backward extrusion male die 15 and the extension cavity 2413 are positioned on the same axis, the difference between the radius of the backward extrusion male die 15 and the radius of the extension cavity 2413 is the wall thickness of a cylinder to be formed, the bottom of the extension cavity 2413 is provided with a discharge hole 2414, a discharge channel 211 is arranged at the position of the lower die assembly 2 corresponding to the discharge hole 2414, the ejector rod 6 is installed on the lower die assembly 2, the ejector rod 6 penetrates through the discharge channel 211, the upper part of the ejector rod 6 abuts against the female die 24, and the upper surface of the ejector rod 6; the turning cavity 2412 is connected between the extrusion cavity 2411 and the extension cavity 2413 in a folding transition mode, the diameter of the positive extrusion convex die 44 is the same as that of the extrusion cavity 2411, and the lower surface of the positive extrusion convex die 44 is also in a folding shape and matched with the shape of the turning cavity 2412.
Go up mould subassembly 1 and include upper die base 11, buffer board 12, anti-extrusion punch plate 13 and go up mould bolt 14, buffer board 12 and anti-extrusion punch plate 13 assemble 11 lower parts in the upper die base through last mould bolt 14, buffer board 12 clamp is established between anti-extrusion punch 15 and upper die base 11, is used for absorbing reaction force, the flexible end of first telescoping cylinder 3 is connected upper die base 11, anti-extrusion punch 15 installation is fixed in anti-extrusion punch plate 13, this case go up the structure of mould subassembly 1 and include but not limited to this, what this embodiment only adopted is that the structure is comparatively simple one, and the well mould subassembly 4 and the lower mould subassembly 2 that follow the same reason.
The middle die assembly 4 comprises a middle die holder 41, a positive extrusion punch fixing plate 42 and a middle die bolt 43, the positive extrusion punch fixing plate 42 is assembled at the lower part of the middle die holder 41 through the middle die bolt 43, the telescopic end of the second telescopic cylinder 5 is connected with the middle die holder 41, and a positive extrusion punch 44 is fixedly installed on the positive extrusion punch fixing plate 42.
The lower die component 2 comprises a lower die base 21, an ejector rod installation base 22 and a lower die bolt 23, the female die 24 is fixedly installed on the upper portion of the lower die base 21, fixing ends of the first telescopic cylinder 3 and the second telescopic cylinder 5 are fixed on the lower die base 21, the ejector rod installation base 22 is assembled on the lower portion of the lower die base 21 through the lower die bolt 23, and the ejector rod installation base 22 supplies the ejector rod 6 to be installed.
In order to facilitate installation and increase the stability of the top bar 6, the top bar 6 is of an inverted T shape, as shown in fig. 9, an inverted T-shaped groove 221 is formed in the position of the top bar installation seat 22 corresponding to the discharge channel 211 for the top bar 6 to be arranged in a matching manner.
The first telescopic cylinder 3 and the second telescopic cylinder 5 can be hydraulic telescopic cylinders.
The invention also provides a thinning, stretching and extruding composite forming method of the cylinder with the large height-diameter ratio, which comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing before forming: blanking, processing a bar into a cylindrical blank 7, homogenizing and preserving heat, then assembling, heating and preserving heat and taking out the thinning, stretching and extruding composite forming die with the large height-diameter ratio cylinder, as shown in figure 1, and placing the cylindrical blank 7 into an extrusion cavity 2411;
step two, carrying out backward extrusion forming: as shown in fig. 2, firstly, a reverse extrusion process is performed on a blank 7, under the contraction motion of the first telescopic cylinder 3, the upper die assembly 1 moves downwards to drive the reverse extrusion male die 15 to start to move downwards, under the contraction motion of the second telescopic cylinder 5, the middle die assembly 4 moves downwards to drive the forward extrusion male die 44 to start to move downwards, and as the reverse extrusion male die 15 and the forward extrusion male die 44 are respectively controlled by the first telescopic cylinder 3 and the second telescopic cylinder 5, the movement speeds of the reverse extrusion male die 15 and the forward extrusion male die 44 can be different, firstly, the forward extrusion male die 44 enters the extrusion cavity 2411 and stops after contacting with the upper surface of the blank 7, and the blank 7 is limited from moving upwards; then, the backward extrusion convex die 15 moves downwards, the middle of the blank 7 is extruded, so that the metal in the middle of the blank 7 flows downwards, after the metal in the middle of the blank 7 is filled in the groove 61 of the ejector rod 6, the ejector rod 6 limits the flow of the blank 7, so that the blank 7 starts to flow upwards until the upper part of the blank 7 is contacted with the lower surface of the forward extrusion convex die 44, the blank 7 starts to flow transversely, the inner cavity 241 is gradually filled, the backward extrusion process is completed after the filling is finished, and the backward extrusion convex die 15 stops;
step three, forward extrusion and extension composite forming: as shown in fig. 3, after the backward extrusion process is completed, the mandrel 6 and the lower die assembly 2 are removed, as shown in fig. 4, the first telescopic cylinder 3 and the second telescopic cylinder 5 are continuously started to drive the backward extrusion punch 15 and the forward extrusion punch 44 to simultaneously move downwards, the forward extrusion punch 44 moves downwards along the inner walls of the backward extrusion punch 15 and the extrusion cavity 2411, and simultaneously, the backward extrusion punch 15 extends downwards along the inner wall of the through hole 441 to realize the forward extrusion and extension combined forming process until the lower surface of the forward extrusion punch 44 contacts and merges with the inner wall of the bottom of the turning cavity 2412, so that the blank 7 can be completely extruded into the extension cavity 2413 and the discharge channel 211 below the extension cavity 2413, while the backward extrusion punch 15 does not penetrate through the blank 7 all the time, so that the bottom of the blank 7 is in a closed structure, the final forming of the bottom end of the barrel body is gradually completed, and the,
when the outer surface is in annular forward extrusion, the inner forward extrusion male die 44 always keeps the downward axial extension force, and the two-way compression stress of the material during the original pure forward extrusion is changed into radial compression stress and axial tensile stress; in addition, the downward active force of the positive extrusion male die in the forming process changes the passive friction of the inner wall of the blank into the active friction, so that the forming force can be greatly reduced,
the lower surface of the forward extrusion convex die 44 used for forward extrusion is not a plane and has the same shape with the inner wall of the bottom of the turning cavity 2412, thus, in the forward extrusion process, the metal at the dead zone position can be completely extruded out of the deformation zone, then the blank 7 is completely extruded out of the turning cavity 2412 by the axial movement of the backward extrusion convex die, the discharging is convenient, the engineering and automation are convenient to realize,
because the main power of the backward extrusion convex die 15 is always available in the forward extrusion process and the backward extrusion convex die is completely attached to the blank 7, the coaxiality of an extrusion piece can be ensured while the extrusion without the wall thickness difference is realized, and the subsequent machining process caused by the deformation and bending of a workpiece is omitted;
and step four, removing the die to finally obtain the barrel forming piece with the large height-diameter ratio as shown in figure 10. The bottom end of the cylinder body is of a closed structure, and the whole section of the cylinder body is U-shaped.
The invention can control the extrusion ratio of the blank 7 by controlling the contraction speed of the first telescopic cylinder 3 and the second telescopic cylinder 5, thereby realizing the fine forming operation.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the design of the present invention, and all equivalent changes made in the design key point of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The large height-diameter ratio barrel thinning, stretching and extruding composite forming die is characterized in that: the device comprises an upper die assembly, a reverse extrusion convex die, a lower die assembly, a concave die, a first telescopic cylinder, a middle die assembly, a forward extrusion convex die, a second telescopic cylinder and a mandril; the middle die assembly is positioned between the upper die assembly and the lower die assembly, the reverse extrusion male die is fixed at the lower part of the upper die assembly, the forward extrusion male die is fixed at the lower part of the middle die assembly, through holes are coaxially formed in the middle die assembly and the forward extrusion male die for the reverse extrusion male die to pass through, the female die is fixed at the upper part of the lower die assembly, the first telescopic cylinder and the second telescopic cylinder both comprise fixed ends and telescopic ends, the fixed ends of the first telescopic cylinder and the second telescopic cylinder are fixed on the lower die assembly, the telescopic end of the first telescopic cylinder is connected with the upper die assembly to drive the upper die assembly and the reverse extrusion male die to move up and down, the telescopic end of the second telescopic cylinder is connected with the middle die assembly to drive the middle die assembly and,
the female die is provided with an inner cavity, the inner cavity is sequentially divided into an extrusion cavity, a turning cavity and an extension cavity from top to bottom, a blank is placed in the extrusion cavity, the diameter of the extension cavity is smaller than that of the extrusion cavity, the backward extrusion male die and the extension cavity are located on the same axis, the difference between the radius of the backward extrusion male die and the radius of the extension cavity is the wall thickness of a barrel to be formed, a discharge hole is formed in the bottom of the extension cavity, a discharge channel is formed in the position, corresponding to the discharge hole, of the lower die assembly, the ejector rod is mounted on the lower die assembly, penetrates through the discharge channel, the upper portion of the ejector rod abuts against the female die, and a groove is formed in the upper surface of the; the turning cavity is connected between the extrusion cavity and the extension cavity in a furling transition mode, the diameter of the positive extrusion convex die is the same as that of the extrusion cavity, and the shape of the lower surface of the positive extrusion convex die is matched with that of the turning cavity.
2. The thinning, stretching and extruding composite forming die for the cylinder with the large height-diameter ratio as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the upper die assembly comprises an upper die base, a buffer plate, a reverse extrusion male die fixing plate and an upper die bolt, wherein the buffer plate and the reverse extrusion male die fixing plate are assembled on the lower portion of the upper die base through the upper die bolt, the buffer plate is clamped between a reverse extrusion male die and the upper die base, the telescopic end of the first telescopic cylinder is connected with the upper die base, and the reverse extrusion male die is fixedly installed on the reverse extrusion male die fixing plate.
3. The thinning, stretching and extruding composite forming die for the cylinder with the large height-diameter ratio as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the middle die assembly comprises a middle die base, a positive extrusion male die fixing plate and a middle die bolt, the positive extrusion male die fixing plate is assembled on the lower portion of the middle die base through the middle die bolt, the telescopic end of the second telescopic cylinder is connected with the middle die base, and the positive extrusion male die is fixedly mounted on the positive extrusion male die fixing plate.
4. The thinning, stretching and extruding composite forming die for the cylinder with the large height-diameter ratio as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the lower die assembly comprises a lower die base, an ejector rod mounting base and a lower die bolt, the female die is fixedly mounted on the upper portion of the lower die base, the fixed ends of the first telescopic cylinder and the second telescopic cylinder are fixed on the lower die base, the ejector rod mounting base is assembled on the lower portion of the lower die base through the lower die bolt, and the ejector rod is mounted by the ejector rod mounting base.
5. The thinning, stretching and extruding composite forming die for the cylinder with the large height-diameter ratio as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the ejector rod is inverted T-shaped, and an inverted T-shaped groove is formed in the ejector rod mounting seat corresponding to the discharging channel and used for being placed in a matched mode.
6. The thinning, stretching and extruding composite forming die for the cylinder with the large height-diameter ratio as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first telescopic cylinder and the second telescopic cylinder can be hydraulic telescopic cylinders.
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CN113600633A (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-11-05 | 中北大学 | Extrusion forming die for cylindrical part with boss in appearance |
CN114472661A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-05-13 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | Multidirectional stretching integral forming die and method for sheet metal part |
CN115283474A (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2022-11-04 | 中北大学 | Uniform forward extrusion control forming die for high-performance plate blank |
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