CN113056839A - 电化学能量存储电池 - Google Patents
电化学能量存储电池 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种电化学能量存储电池(1),其包括容纳在壳体(3)中的电池绕组(2),其中,壳体(3)至少在一个端面(4)上由盖部(5)封闭,其中,盖部(5)具有用于将盖部(5)固定在壳体(3)上的固定部分(6)和用于与电池绕组(2)的导体(8)接触的极部部分(7),其中,固定部分(6)和极部部分(7)通过补偿元件(9)彼此连接,其中,补偿元件(9)形成为弹性的并且是电绝缘的。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及一种电化学能量存储电池,其包括容纳在壳体中的电池绕组,其中,壳体至少在一个端面上由盖部封闭,其中,盖部具有用于将盖部固定至壳体上的固定部分、以及用于与电池绕组的导体接触的极部部分。
【背景技术】
这种类型的能量存储电池例如由DE 10 2008 025 884 A1已知,并且在技术上以多种不同的方式使用。这样的能量存储电池通常从上方观察时是圆形的,因此也被称为圆形电池。圆形电池例如用于为以电池供电的手动工具供电。然而,还已知将多个圆形电池组合成单个单元,该单个单元又适合于为电动车辆提供能量。
在目前已知的圆形电池中,盖部上的极部部分容纳在外周侧上的环形塑料元件中,并且壳体在环形元件的区域中成形为使得盖部的极部部分和环形元件至少部分地由壳体围绕。环形元件形成极部部分相对于壳体的电绝缘。当极部部分容纳电池绕组的导体并形成电极、而能量存储电池壳体容纳第二导体并形成另一电极时,这一点尤其重要。采用这种设计,必须不惜一切代价避免极部部分与壳体之间的不良导电接触。外壳的变形大部分是通过压接做出的。为了防止由于故障而在壳体内部产生不允许的高压,在盖部上设置有在不允许的高压的情况下在环境方向上使压力均等化的机构。此外,当超过限定的内部超压时,盖部变形到使得电池绕组与极部部分之间的电接触中断的程度。
由于在压接过程中需要壳体变形以固定盖部,所以对于电池绕组不可获取壳体的完整结构高度;必须有足够高的无效区(dead space)来适应盖部和变形。此外,出现的问题是,形成绝缘体的环形元件可能会被成形过程损坏,从而导致能量存储电池的故障。
【发明内容】
本发明的目的是提供一种能量存储电池,其具有紧凑设计且其中提供了极部部分相对于壳体的可靠电绝缘。
使用权利要求1的特征解决了该目的。从属权利要求涉及有利的实施方式。
为了解决该任务,固定部分和极部部分经由补偿元件彼此连接,其中,补偿元件形成为是弹性的并且是电绝缘的。由此,固定部分、极部部分和补偿元件形成盖部的一体部分(integral part)。在圆形电池的情况下,从上方观察时盖部是圆形的。极部部分位于盖部的中心,由补偿元件围绕。固定部分位于盖部的外周上。由于极部部分和固定部分通过电绝缘补偿元件彼此连接,所以同时极部部分与壳体电绝缘。这消除了在盖部与壳体之间设置用于电绝缘的附加元件的需求。这是先前使用环形密封元件形成的,该环形密封元件也用作绝缘元件。补偿元件优选地由塑料、例如可注塑的塑料材料制成。固定部分和极部部分可以由金属材料制成,其中极部部分由导电材料构成。
补偿元件可以由弹性材料制成。这允许补偿元件可逆地变形,这样的可逆地变形在壳体内部与环境之间的压力补偿方面是特别有利的。
根据一种替代实施方式,补偿元件还可以构造成提供一些弹性。特别地,补偿元件可以成形为使得补偿元件能够弹性地移动。为此,例如可以将周向凹陷部(beading)插入到补偿元件中,从而允许极部部分沿轴向方向移动。还可以想到的是,补偿元件至少在一些区段上呈波纹管(bellows)的形式。补偿元件也可以具有薄膜铰链(film hinge)形状的区段。弹性成形区域可以同心地插入到补偿元件中。
由于弹性屈服成形,可以由热塑性材料形成补偿元件。除了使用热塑性弹性体之外,尤其可以使用廉价的热塑性材料,诸如聚乙烯(PE)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)或聚丙烯(PP)。尽管这些热塑性材料仅具有相对较低的弹性,但是补偿元件的弹性成形导致了补偿元件所需的整体弹性和可逆的运动性。
替代地,补偿元件可以具有弹性形状以及由例如弹性体的弹性材料形成。
可以在补偿元件中结合有预定断裂点。如果由于错误的流程或材料缺陷而导致壳体内部的压力超过允许水平,则预定断裂点会断开,从而可以进行受控的压力补偿。根据有利的实施方式,直到补偿元件变形而使得极部部分与电池绕组间隔开,预定断裂点才断开。当从外部观察时,这使得导体从极部部分分离开从而使得能量存储电池被断电。预定的断裂点优选地设计成使得补偿元件不可逆地断开。这样可以防止损坏的能量储存电池继续运行。
预定断裂点可以是凹槽的形式。如果壳体内部的压力超过预定水平,则补偿元件沿着预定断裂点断裂,从而能够有针对性地降低电池中的过压。凹槽可以是V形和环形的,并且从补偿元件的背离壳体的一侧延伸到内部中。
盖部可以以材料接合的方式连接到壳体。在此方面,根据第一实施方式,环形边缘可以搁置在壳体的环形边缘上。根据第二有利实施方式,固定部分包括圆筒形部分,该圆筒形部分在开口的区域中沿周向围绕壳体。该材料接合式的连接可以是粘接连接或焊接连接。这种材料接合式的连接的优点特别是空间需求小。
盖部可以通过电磁脉冲成形而固定到壳体上。在电磁脉冲成形期间,能量存储电池的盖部和壳体暴露于脉动磁场,这导致盖部和壳体沿着彼此接触的表面变热且同时局部变形。变热和局部变形导致盖部与壳体之间的材料接合和紧密连接。此处的优点是仅发生少量变形,从而与通过压接进行成形相反,不必为变形提供单独的空间。盖部和壳体的结合也可以沿着邻接的边缘进行。
绝缘元件可以布置在电池绕组与盖部之间。绝缘元件防止电池绕组的部件与极部部分接触。
绝缘元件可以由弹性材料形成。由此,绝缘元件可以设计为使得其几乎完全填充极部部分与电池绕组之间的空间。这可以有效地防止电池绕组与极部部分之间的接触。
绝缘元件可以由硅树脂材料形成。硅树脂材料可与壳体内紧挨电池绕组设置并围绕电池绕组的电解质发生反应。由于硅树脂材料与电解质的反应,绝缘元件膨胀并进而体积增加。这使得电池绕组与极部部分之间的空间完全被绝缘元件填充。
绝缘元件可以配备有导热颗粒。迄今为止,问题是难以从电池绕组内部传递热。由于绝缘元件由于导热颗粒而整体上是导热的,因此在壳体内部或在电池绕组内部产生的热可以散发到外部。这可以改善对能量存储电池的冷却且伴随着效率的增加。
如果在壳体的底部与电池绕组之间布置另外的绝缘元件,则可以进一步改善对能量存储电池的冷却。在该实施方式中,电池绕组被夹在两个导热绝缘元件之间。热传递发生在电池绕组、两个绝缘元件与壳体的外套之间,或壳体的盖部与底部之间。
【附图说明】
下面参照附图更详细地解释根据本发明的能量存储电池的一些实施方式。这些附图分别示意性地示出:
图1所示为能量存储电池的上部的轮廓图;
图2所示为能量存储电池的盖部;
图3所示为带有导体的盖部;
图4所示为具有预定断裂点的盖部;
图5所示为处于损坏状态的盖部;
图6所示为预定断裂点断裂情况下的盖部;
图7所示为具有绝缘元件的能量存储电池;
图8所示为在底部和在盖部中具有绝缘元件的能量存储电池;
图9所示为弹性成形情况下的补偿元件。
【具体实施方式】
附图示出了圆形电池形式的电化学能量存储电池1。能量存储电池1包括容纳在壳体3中的电池绕组(cell winding)2。如果能量存储电池1为锂离子电池的形式,则电池绕组2包括两个导体和两个隔离件,其中,导体通过隔离件彼此分隔开。将活性材料施加到导体上,并且将由隔离件分隔开的两个导体缠绕成圆形结构。壳体3由金属材料制成并且是圆柱形形状的。壳体3在一个端面上具有由与圆柱壁15相同的材料制成且与圆柱壁15成一体的底部13。壳体3在一个端面4上由盖部5封闭。
盖部5具有用于将盖部5固定到壳体3上的固定部分6。此外,盖部5具有用于与电池绕组2的导体8接触的极部部分(pole portion)7。电池绕组2的第二导体与壳体3的底部13相关联。
固定部分6和极部部分7通过补偿元件9彼此连接。补偿元件9是弹性的并且是电绝缘的。在此例中,补偿元件9由弹性体材料制成。
当从上方观察时,盖部5是圆形的。极部部分7居中且位于盖部5的中央并由补偿元件9围绕。补偿元件9形状配合且材料接合地(positively and materially)连接至极部部分7。固定部分6具有盘形部分,在该盘形部分的开口中布置补偿元件9和极部部分7。补偿元件9以材料接合(materially-bonded)的方式固定在固定部分6的开口的边缘的区域中。固定部分6还包括圆筒形部分,该圆筒形部分搁置在壳体3的端面侧的边缘上。在两个接触边缘的区域中,盖部5和壳体3通过电磁脉冲成形而以材料接合的方式结合在一起。
图1示出了圆形电池形式的电化学能量存储电池1的上部。导体8在电池绕组2中居中地连接到电池绕组2的电极上。补偿元件9是盘形的并且因为由弹性材料制成而是弹性的。这使得极部部分7能够根据壳体3的内部压力而在轴向上移动。补偿元件9在极部部分7与固定部分6之间形成电绝缘。在此方面,壳体3与固定部分6一起可形成第二极。
图2详细示出了图1中所示的盖部。
图3详细示出了图1中所示的盖部以及导体8,导体8导电地附接到极部部分7。
图4示出了图1中所示的盖部的另一实施方式。在本实施方式中,补偿元件9设置有预定断裂点10。图4示出了预定断裂点10的两种不同构造。在对称线右侧的实施方式中,预定断裂点10从外部引入到补偿元件9中。在对称线左侧的实施方式中,预定断裂点10引入到补偿元件9的面向电池绕组2的一侧上。在两个实施方式中,预定断裂点10为V形凹槽的形式,该V形凹槽同心地围绕极部部分7。
图5示出了图4中所示的盖部5,由于壳体3内部的内部压力增加,极部部分7与电池绕组2在轴向上间隔开。在此例中,导体8被撕成两个部分8’、8”,使得极部部分7与电池绕组2电绝缘。在此情况下,在该实施方式中,能量存储电池1是断电的。这样可以防止能量存储电池1的进一步充电,该进一步充电在能量存储电池1内部的压力升高之后将特别有害。在图5所示的实施方式中,仅补偿元件9发生了变形。预定断裂点10仍然完好无损。
与图5所示的实施方式相比,在根据图6的实施方式中,壳体3内部的内部压力再次增加。在此例中,允许的内部压力已经超过预定水平并且预定断裂点10已经断开。这允许气体从壳体3的内部逸出,从而以有针对性和受控的方式降低了内部的压力。在此情况下,通过断开预定断裂点10,能量存储电池1发生有针对性的破坏(targeted destruction)进而可以防止能量存储电池1的爆炸性破坏。
图7示出了根据图1的能量存储电池1,其中,在电池绕组2与盖部5之间布置有绝缘元件11。绝缘元件11由弹性体材料制成,该弹性体材料在此例中为硅树脂材料。绝缘元件11中设置有导热颗粒12。在组装之后,绝缘元件11与电池绕组2的电解质接触,从而导致绝缘元件11膨胀。由此,绝缘元件11填充电池绕组2与盖部5之间的空间。导热颗粒是非导电性的矿物颗粒。优选的导热颗粒12包括氧化铝(Al2O3)、水合氧化铝(AlOOH)、氢氧化铝(Al(OH)3)、氢氧化镁(Mg(OH)2)或氮化硼(BN)。
图8示出了图7中所示的能量存储电池1的进一步发展。在本实施方式中,在壳体3的底部13与电池绕组2之间布置了另一绝缘元件14。该另一绝缘元件14还设置有导热颗粒12并且由硅树脂材料制成。
特别地,可以考虑以下材料作为补偿元件9的材料:乙丙二烯单体(EPDM)、甲基橡胶(IIR)、氟橡胶(FPM)、聚丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)、硅橡胶(VMQ)或氟化硅橡胶(F-VMQ)。
但是原则上也可以想到,补偿元件9由热塑性弹性体(TPE)或由诸如聚乙烯(PE)或聚丙烯(PP)之类的热塑性材料制成。在该实施方式中,补偿元件9优选地包括可弹性运动的区段,诸如凹陷部(beading)、薄膜铰链(film hinge)等。
这种弹性成形的补偿元件9在图9中示出。在该实施方式中,补偿元件9的弹性和柔软性由周向、同心布置的凹陷部16提供。由此,补偿元件9以波纹管状的薄膜(bellows-shaped membrane)形式成形,使得极部部分7可以在轴向方向上移动。
Claims (12)
1.一种电化学能量存储电池(1),包括容纳在壳体(3)中的电池绕组(2),其中,所述壳体(3)至少在一个端面(4)上由盖部(5)封闭,其中,所述盖部(5)具有用于将所述盖部(5)固定到所述壳体(3)上的固定部分(6)和用于与所述电池绕组(2)的导体(8)接触的极部部分(7),其特征在于,所述固定部分(6)和所述极部部分(7)通过补偿元件(9)彼此连接,其中,所述补偿元件(9)形成为具有弹性的且电绝缘的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的能量存储电池,其特征在于,所述补偿元件(9)由弹性体材料制成。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的能量存储电池,其特征在于,所述补偿元件(9)以弹性可移动的方式成形。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的能量存储电池,其特征在于,在所述补偿元件(9)中引入有预定断裂点(10)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的能量存储电池,其特征在于,所述预定断裂点(10)呈凹槽的形式。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的能量存储电池,其特征在于,所述盖部(5)以材料接合的方式连接至所述壳体(3)。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的能量存储电池,其特征在于,所述盖部(5)通过电磁脉冲成形而固定到所述壳体(3)。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的能量存储电池,其特征在于,在所述电池绕组(2)与所述盖部(5)之间布置有绝缘元件(11)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的能量存储电池,其特征在于,所述绝缘元件(11)由弹性体材料形成。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的能量存储电池,其特征在于,所述绝缘元件(11)由硅树脂材料形成。
11.根据权利要求8至10中任一项所述的能量存储电池,其特征在于,所述绝缘元件(11)配备有导热颗粒(12)。
12.根据权利要求8至11中任一项所述的能量存储电池,其特征在于,在所述壳体(3)的底部(13)与所述电池绕组(2)之间布置有另一绝缘元件(14)。
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DE102021120392A1 (de) | 2021-08-05 | 2023-02-09 | Carl Freudenberg Kg | Energiespeicherzelle |
WO2023150080A2 (en) * | 2022-02-03 | 2023-08-10 | South 8 Technologies, Inc. | Cap for electrochemical cell |
DE102022106520A1 (de) | 2022-03-21 | 2023-09-21 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Prismatische Batteriezelle mit Toleranzausgleichenden Anschlüssen und eine diese aufweisende Batterie |
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WO2020109312A1 (de) | 2020-06-04 |
DE102018130171A1 (de) | 2020-05-28 |
JP7150992B2 (ja) | 2022-10-11 |
KR102626007B1 (ko) | 2024-01-16 |
CN113056839B (zh) | 2023-10-20 |
EP3888155A1 (de) | 2021-10-06 |
JP2022509224A (ja) | 2022-01-20 |
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US20220029233A1 (en) | 2022-01-27 |
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