CN113056044A - Graphene metal mesh, preparation method thereof, electric heating belt and application thereof - Google Patents
Graphene metal mesh, preparation method thereof, electric heating belt and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113056044A CN113056044A CN202110266802.7A CN202110266802A CN113056044A CN 113056044 A CN113056044 A CN 113056044A CN 202110266802 A CN202110266802 A CN 202110266802A CN 113056044 A CN113056044 A CN 113056044A
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 title abstract description 82
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- -1 graphite alkene Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910001120 nichrome Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 abstract description 23
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 23
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 23
- 229910000623 nickel–chromium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 45
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010030113 Oedema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/02—Details
- H05B3/04—Waterproof or air-tight seals for heaters
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a graphene metal net and a preparation method thereof, an electric heating belt and an application thereof, wherein the graphene metal net is prepared by firstly adding 81.2-91.2% of a nickel-chromium alloy electric heating wire, 17.0-17.9% of industrial nickel powder and 1.74-1.81% of platinum powder into a smelting furnace, smelting the mixture into metal liquid at a high temperature of 1600 ℃, then uniformly stirring the metal liquid, and pouring the metal liquid into a film pressing machine to press the film belt at a temperature of 1100-1200 ℃; then carrying out chemical high-temperature oxidation on the pressed film strip for 3-5min, cooling to restore the toughness, uniformly coating the graphene paste on the film strip, and repeatedly pressing for multiple times until the film strip is gray black; and finally, performing mesh cutting and pressing on the prepared film belt according to requirements, wherein at least two prepared graphene metal meshes are clamped between two layers of rubber carbon fiber cloth coated with silicon rubber, and the graphene metal meshes are used for pressing an electric heating belt for removing ice and frost of the drainage pipe of the plateau railway tunnel. The invention has the advantages of ultrathin thickness, high and low temperature resistance, good toughness and insulation, high heat conversion rate and long service life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of deicing and defrosting equipment, and particularly relates to a graphene metal mesh and a preparation method thereof, and an electric heating belt and application thereof.
Background
A deep-buried ditch mode is adopted in drainage of the railway tunnel to ensure that the drainage of the tunnel is smooth. However, in the production practice, the condition that water is accumulated due to icing and blocking of some short tunnels, tunnel openings and drainage ditches is a problem which is very troublesome to deal with by railway business departments.
In plateau railway tunnels, particularly short tunnels, due to low air temperature, cold air is easily brought in by high-speed running of trains, drainage ditches are iced and blocked, and further, an overwater track bed is iced, so that great hidden dangers are caused to the running safety of the trains. In order to solve the problem, two solutions are provided in the prior art, one is that the traditional measure is manual deicing, the efficiency is low, field workers are very hard, the personal safety is not easy to guarantee, and the construction is very easy to cause harm to the train operation safety; another measure is to lay an electric heating device on the drainage ditch, and the electric heating device is made of iron-chromium alloy or nickel-chromium alloy, so that the electric heating device has the problems of low heat conversion rate, poor high and low temperature resistance and poor insulation resistance when meeting water, thereby causing short service life and low safety performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides a graphene metal mesh which is ultrathin, resistant to high and low temperatures, good in toughness and insulation, high in heat conversion rate and long in service life, a preparation method of the graphene metal mesh, an electric heating belt and application of the graphene metal mesh.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is a preparation method of a graphene metal mesh, which comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 81.2-91.2% of nichrome heating wire, 17-17.9% of industrial nickel powder and 1.74-1.81% of platinum powder are added into a smelting furnace to be smelted into metal liquid;
s2, pouring the metal liquid prepared in the step S1 into a film pressing machine after being stirred evenly, cooling to 1100-1200 ℃, and pressing a film belt;
s3, carrying out chemical high-temperature oxidation on the film belt pressed by the S2 for 3-5min, cooling to restore the toughness, then uniformly coating the graphene heat-conducting paste with the mass fraction of 20% -22% on the film belt, and repeatedly pressing for many times until the film belt is gray black;
s4 mesh cutting and pressing the film tape prepared in S3.
Preferably, the set temperature of the smelting furnace in the step S1 is 1600 ℃.
Preferably, in step S1, the mass fraction of the nichrome heating wire is 81.2%, the mass fraction of the industrial nickel powder is 17%, and the mass fraction of the platinum powder is 1.8%.
Preferably, the metal liquid in step S2 is poured into a film pressing machine after being stirred uniformly, cooled to 1200 ℃, and pressed into a film strip with a thickness of 0.1mm to 1.2 mm.
Preferably, before the graphene paste with a mass fraction of 20% is coated on the film strip in step S3, the film strip is subjected to high-temperature chemical oxidation at 1200 ℃ for 3 minutes and then cooled to 400 ℃.
Preferably, the resistance of the graphene metal mesh cut and pressed in the step S4 is 25-400W/m, and the deviation is +/-2W/m.
A graphene metal mesh is prepared by a preparation method of the graphene metal mesh.
The utility model provides an electric heating belt containing graphite alkene metal mesh, including the carbon cloth that has smeared the silicon rubber and lay two at least graphite alkene metal mesh between the carbon cloth, wherein the silicon rubber layer of carbon cloth covers on two at least graphite alkene metal mesh, and two at least graphite alkene metal mesh symmetries are laid between the carbon cloth, power cord intercommunication is passed through to two graphite alkene metal mesh one end, two graphite alkene metal mesh other ends are connected with the power electricity through the controller respectively, wherein two graphite alkene metal mesh that two-layer carbon cloth smeared the silicon rubber side and laid need carry out the check, it is taut, high temperature preheats, low temperature suppression and through 144 hours normal atmospheric temperature solidification sunning.
Preferably, the electrical heating band is connected with an NTC temperature probe, the NTC temperature probe is used for transmitting the temperature value of the detected electrical heating band to the controller for temperature control, and the NTC temperature probe and the controller are both electrically connected with the power supply.
The electric heating belt is suitable for oil and gas pipelines, bridges, machinery manufacturing, civil facilities, electric heating equipment for heating, snow melting and moisture proofing of railway equipment in high and cold areas and application in deicing and defrosting of high and cold tunnels.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the electric heating belt provided by the invention is a heating element consisting of a graphene metal net and two layers of carbon fiber cloth coated with silicon rubber, and has the advantages of good flexibility, folding property, winding property, bending property, uniform heating, high power density, high heat conversion rate and long service life. The silicon rubber coated on the carbon fiber cloth has good waterproof performance, is safe and reliable, has the characteristics of high temperature resistance of 450 ℃, cold resistance of 70 ℃ below zero, insulation resistance of 200 megaohms, aging resistance of the carbon fiber cloth, no influence of environmental change, expansion with heat and contraction with cold, and the like, can isolate a metal graphene net included between two layers of carbon fiber cloth from water, and can avoid equipment damage caused by short circuit when an electric heating tape meets water.
2. The graphene metal net is made of graphene heat conducting paste, nickel-chromium alloy, nickel powder and platinum alloy, atoms of the graphene can permeate into metal quickly after being actively heated, the heat conversion rate of the graphene metal net at high temperature is far higher than that of an iron-chromium alloy heating wire or a nickel-chromium alloy heating wire, and the graphene metal net is not easy to deform at high temperature; the graphene metal net is not fragile, does not deform and has good flexibility after being cooled, the graphene metal is foldable, bent and wound, and the graphene metal net in the two layers of carbon fiber cloth coated with silicon rubber reduces the probability of contacting with water, so the electric heating belt has stronger corrosion resistance, is more reliable in use, is not easy to damage, is convenient to maintain and has high safety performance.
3. The thermal radiance of the graphene metal net is higher than that of iron-chromium-aluminum alloy or nickel-chromium alloy after the graphene metal net is fully oxidized, so that when the electrical load is the same, tests show that the thermal radiance of the iron-chromium-aluminum alloy heating wire is 29.4% of that of the graphene metal net, and the thermal radiance of the nickel-chromium alloy heating wire is 22.4% of that of the graphene metal net.
4. The graphene metal net is not magnetic, and the electric energy heat conversion rate is more than 72%; the graphene metal net in the electric heating belt has smaller loss than that of nickel-chromium alloy or iron-chromium-aluminum alloy. According to different heating environmental conditions, a low-temperature electric heating zone at 20-150 ℃, a high-temperature electric heating zone at 160-.
5. The invention overcomes the problems that the traditional nickel-chromium alloy heating wire, iron-chromium-aluminum alloy heating wire, electric heating rod, heating element and the like immediately interrupt work when the circuit is broken or the fusing fault occurs and the efficiency of the heated facility is influenced without repairing or replacing; the method adopts the nichrome wire, adds the industrial nickel powder and the platinum powder, selects the refined graphene paste, manufactures the grid type graphene metal nets with different types and different specifications by using the smelting technology and coating the graphene paste, does not stop working when the grid type graphene metal nets are broken, opened or partially fused, and the current can continue to work through the grid wire structure open circuit in other grid graphene metal nets.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a graphene metal mesh, a preparation method thereof, an electric heating tape and applications thereof
The top view between the two graphene metal meshes and the bottom carbon fiber cloth pressed by the graphene metal meshes is shown;
FIG. 2 shows a graphene metal mesh, a method for preparing the same, an electrical heating tape and applications thereof
Schematic perspective structure of (1).
Description of reference numerals:
1. graphene metal mesh, 2, carbon fiber cloth coated with silicon rubber, and 3, a power line.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described below with reference to the attached drawings in the embodiment of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms used in the description of the present invention for the orientation, such as "height", "length", "width", "front surface", are based on the description when the body is vertically placed, i.e., perpendicular to the ground, and are only for convenience of description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-2, the specific embodiment of the present invention is implemented by using the following technical solutions, and a method for preparing a graphene metal mesh includes the following steps:
s1, mixing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: adding 81.2% of nichrome heating wire, 17% of industrial nickel powder and 1.8% of platinum powder into a smelting furnace, and smelting the mixture into metal liquid at a high temperature of 1600 ℃;
s2, pouring the S1 metal liquid into a film pressing machine after being stirred uniformly, cooling to 1200 ℃, and pressing the film belt;
s3, carrying out chemical high-temperature oxidation on the 0.1mm thin film belt pressed by the S2 at 1200 ℃ for 3min, cooling to 400 ℃ until the toughness is recovered, then uniformly coating the graphene heat-conducting paste with the mass fraction of 20% on the thin film belt, and repeating the pressing for many times until the thin film belt is gray black.
S4, cutting and pressing the film belt prepared in the step S3 into meshes through a cutting and pressing model according to requirements, wherein the resistance of the cut and pressed graphene metal net is 25W/m and the deviation is-2W/m; and preparing the graphene metal net.
An electric heating belt containing graphene metal nets comprises carbon fiber cloth coated with silicon rubber and at least two graphene metal nets laid between the carbon fiber cloth, wherein the at least two graphene metal nets are symmetrically laid between the carbon fiber cloth, silicon rubber layers of the carbon fiber cloth cover the at least two graphene metal nets, one ends of the two graphene metal nets are communicated through power lines, and the other ends of the two graphene metal nets are electrically connected with a power supply through a controller respectively. The other ends of the two graphene metal nets are respectively electrically connected with a power supply through a controller, wherein the two graphene metal net films laid on the side of the two layers of carbon fiber cloth coated with silicon rubber need to be subjected to freezing, tensioning, high-temperature preheating, low-temperature pressing and curing and airing at the normal temperature for 144 hours; the electric heating belt is suitable for oil and gas pipelines, bridges, machinery manufacturing, civil facilities, electric heating equipment for heating, snow melting and moisture proofing of railway equipment in alpine regions and application in deicing and defrosting of alpine tunnels.
Example 2
A preparation method of a graphene metal net comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: adding 86.2% of nichrome heating wire, 17.5% of industrial nickel powder and 1.74% of platinum powder into a smelting furnace, and smelting the mixture into metal liquid at a high temperature of 1600 ℃;
s2, pouring the S1 metal liquid into a film pressing machine after being stirred uniformly, cooling to 1150 ℃, and pressing the film belt;
s3, carrying out chemical high-temperature oxidation on the 0.8mm thin film belt pressed by the S2 at 1200 ℃ for 4min, cooling to 400 ℃ until the toughness is recovered, then uniformly coating the graphene heat-conducting paste with the mass fraction of 21% on the thin film belt, and repeating the pressing for multiple times until the thin film belt is gray black.
S4, cutting and pressing the film belt prepared in the step S3 into meshes through a cutting and pressing model according to requirements, wherein the resistance of the cut and pressed graphene metal net is 25W/m and the deviation is + 2W/m; and preparing the graphene metal net.
An electric heating belt containing graphene metal nets comprises carbon fiber cloth coated with silicon rubber and at least two graphene metal nets laid between the carbon fiber cloth, wherein the at least two graphene metal nets are symmetrically laid between the carbon fiber cloth, silicon rubber layers of the carbon fiber cloth cover the at least two graphene metal nets, one ends of the two graphene metal nets are communicated through power lines, and the other ends of the two graphene metal nets are electrically connected with a power supply through a controller respectively. The other ends of the two graphene metal nets are respectively electrically connected with a power supply through a controller, wherein the two graphene metal net films laid on the side of the two layers of carbon fiber cloth coated with silicon rubber need to be subjected to freezing, tensioning, high-temperature preheating, low-temperature pressing and curing and airing at the normal temperature for 144 hours; the electric heating belt is suitable for oil and gas pipelines, bridges, machinery manufacturing, civil facilities, electric heating equipment for heating, snow melting and moisture proofing of railway equipment in alpine regions and application in deicing and defrosting of alpine tunnels.
Example 3
A preparation method of a graphene metal net comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 91.2 percent of nichrome heating wire, 17.9 percent of industrial nickel powder and 1.81 percent of platinum powder are added into a smelting furnace and smelted into metal liquid at a high temperature of 1600 ℃;
s2, pouring the S1 metal liquid into a film pressing machine after being stirred uniformly, cooling to 1150 ℃, and pressing the film belt;
s3, carrying out chemical high-temperature oxidation on the 1.2mm thin film belt pressed by the S2 at 1200 ℃ for 5min, cooling to 400 ℃ until the toughness is recovered, then uniformly coating the graphene heat-conducting paste with the mass fraction of 21% on the thin film belt, and repeating the pressing for many times until the thin film belt is gray black.
S4, cutting and pressing the film belt prepared in the step S3 into meshes through a cutting and pressing model according to requirements, wherein the resistance of the cut and pressed graphene metal net is 400W/m and the deviation is + 2W/m; and preparing the graphene metal net.
An electric heating belt containing graphene metal nets comprises carbon fiber cloth coated with silicon rubber and at least two graphene metal nets laid between the carbon fiber cloth, wherein the at least two graphene metal nets are symmetrically laid between the carbon fiber cloth, silicon rubber layers of the carbon fiber cloth cover the at least two graphene metal nets, one ends of the two graphene metal nets are communicated through power lines, and the other ends of the two graphene metal nets are electrically connected with a power supply through a controller respectively. The other ends of the two graphene metal nets are respectively electrically connected with a power supply through a controller, wherein the two graphene metal net films laid on the side of the two layers of carbon fiber cloth coated with silicon rubber need to be subjected to freezing, tensioning, high-temperature preheating, low-temperature pressing and curing and airing at the normal temperature for 144 hours; the electric heating belt is suitable for oil and gas pipelines, bridges, machinery manufacturing, civil facilities, electric heating equipment for heating, snow melting and moisture proofing of railway equipment in alpine regions and application in deicing and defrosting of alpine tunnels.
Comparative example
An electric heating strip made of one of an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy heating wire or a nickel-chromium alloy heating wire.
The electrical heating tapes produced in examples 1 to 3 were tested several times to obtain the following technical parameters:
the electric heating tape prepared in examples 1 to 3 was cut to 2500mm 80mm 1.5mm, the electric heating tape was heated at 100 ℃ with maximum starting current of 3.6A at a power supply voltage of 220V and maximum power of 800W, and the electric heating tape cut to 2500mm 80mm 1.5mm was mounted on a 60kg rail at an ambient temperature of-2 ℃, and the web, face and foot temperatures of the electric heating tape mounted 350mm before and after the mounting position of the rail were measured to be 43.2 ℃.
Under the same conditions, the electric power consumption experiments of the example 1 and the comparative example on the railway turnout are as follows:
an electric heating strip made of 15mm 5100mm 4mm nichrome heating wires, the power of the electric heating strip is 5400W, and the power supply voltage is 220V;
15mm 5100mm 4mm electric heating belt, power 1500W, mains voltage 220V;
the electric heating strips are respectively installed on 60kg of same turnout steel rails, are electrified for 14 hours and 40 minutes at the same time, and the power consumption of the electric heating strips in the same time is respectively measured, wherein the power consumption of the electric heating strips made of the nichrome heating wires is 86.3 degrees within 14 hours and 40 minutes after the electric heating strips are electrified; the electricity consumption of the electric heating belt is 46.3 within 14 hours and 40 minutes of electrifying; therefore, the electric heating belt can save energy and electricity by 40 degrees on the same track at the same time; measuring the temperature of the rail surface of the electric heating steel rail of the nickel-chromium alloy wire to be 4 ℃ by a temperature probe; measuring the temperature of the rail surface of the heating steel rail of the electric heating belt to be 19.6 ℃; compared with the nickel-chromium alloy electric heating wire, the heat conversion rate ratio of the electric heating belt to the nickel-chromium alloy electric heating wire electric heating strip is 4 to 19.6, and the heat conversion rate of the electric heating belt is 4.9 times that of the nickel-chromium alloy electric heating wire electric heating strip.
The working principle is as follows:
as the tunnel drainage ditch enters winter, when the environmental temperature is lower than minus 2-5 ℃, the surface temperature of the drainage ditch is lower than minus 5 ℃, the periphery of the water ditch is slightly frozen, the environmental temperature is gradually frozen when lower than minus 5 ℃ and is slowly melted when higher than minus 5 ℃ according to the change of the temperature difference between day and night. 500m-800m of drainage ditches at the inlet and the outlet of the tunnel are an icing high-rise area, the ground surface temperature of the water outlets at the inlet and the outlet of the tunnel is quickly reduced due to the wind speed generated by the speed per hour of the train, and the temperature of the drainage ditches containing water vapor is reduced by 0.51 ℃ within 1-3min at the wind speed of 10 m/S. The moisture content solidifies as the temperature decreases, the solidification being faster the lower the temperature. Icing can block up the escape canal under lighter condition, icing seriously can cause the road bed freeze injury. And the water vapor in the hole is absorbed by the heat-absorbing object to frost or freeze, so as to gradually form a floating bell.
In order to solve the problems, 300 x 3000mm x 1.5mm electric heating strips are paved at the bottom of a tunnel drainage ditch, the electric heating strips prepared by the invention can be manufactured into electric heating strips with different lengths, specifications and shapes according to actual requirements, can be rectangular electric heating strips, I-shaped electric heating strips and other different shapes, and can also be punched on the electric heating strips according to different application fields; according to the water flow size of a tunnel drainage ditch, the principle of changing the heat content of water by utilizing the principle of rapid water energy heat conduction is utilized, when the water temperature reaches 2-5 ℃ and flows to an outlet at the speed of 0.3m/S, 1-2 electric heating bands are additionally arranged at the position 50-100m away from the tunnel drainage ditch to prevent the water temperature of the drainage ditch from being reduced to be lower than 0 ℃, and the electric heating bands are used for gradually reducing the temperature change in the tunnel and controlling the tunnel temperature. The hot steam that the temperature produced constantly gives off in to the tunnel, hot-air in the tunnel forms the heat preservation mode with the geothermal temperature under quiescent condition, when the train gets into the tunnel with 160Km/h, the cold air that the train brought into in the tunnel mixes with the hot-air in the tunnel, the hot effect of water particle in the air has been improved, can not stop working when breaking circuit, opening circuit or partial fusing, the electric current can construct the open circuit through the net silk in other net graphite alkene metal mesh and continue working, the more electric current that passes through that the graphite alkene metal mesh breaks the strand will be bigger, the temperature of strand break point will be higher, thereby discover as early as possible, in time the restoration can not influence the normal use of heated equipment because of above-mentioned problem, so equipment life is high, and is high in security, can not influence the deicing because of it.
When the temperature of the electric heating belt laid in the bottom of the tunnel drainage ditch is controlled, an NTC temperature probe and a controller are required to be arranged on each electric heating belt laid on the bottom of the tunnel drainage ditch and used for controlling the temperature of each electric heating belt, and the temperature range value which can be set for the temperature of each electric heating belt is 0-260 ℃ (± 1 ℃). If the temperature of the electric heating belt is set to be consistent, cold air brought by a train entering a tunnel is mixed with hot steam heated by the electric heating belt, so that water seepage and icing at the top of the tunnel are caused to form a floating bell, and the water seepage of the floating bell is increased more and more under the influence of low-temperature air. The floating bell falls off when the weight of the floating bell exceeds the adsorbate, thus endangering safety; therefore, the electric heating belt laid in the bottom of the tunnel drainage ditch should satisfy the following conditions: the temperature in the 500m-800m drainage ditch of the tunnel inlet or the tunnel outlet is kept within 5 ℃, and the premise that the temperature of the electric heating belt paved in the drainage ditch is gradually reduced from the tunnel inlet to the tunnel inlet or the tunnel outlet until the temperature in the 500m-800m drainage ditch of the tunnel inlet or the tunnel outlet is kept within 5 ℃ is fulfilled. When the train passes by 160km/h, cold air brought into the inlet or the outlet of the tunnel is mixed with hot air reserved in the tunnel along with hot air emitted from the drainage ditch, and the hot proportion and the cold proportion of the air are changed. The icing caused by water seepage of the tunnel roof and the tunnel wall is relieved, and the floating bell formed by icing of the tunnel roof is relieved. The air heat in the tunnel is changed thermally, and the proportion of water molecules in the air condensed into frost or water drops by cold air is reduced, so that the thermal stress of the electric heating belt is increased, and the icing is reduced.
For the icing dredging technology of the plateau railway tunnel drainage ditch, the scheme for intelligently deicing, preserving heat and dredging to prevent water boiling point sublimation is as follows:
in the scheme, the electric heating belt is suitable for draining water of the linear drainage ditch in the alpine region; therefore, the electric heating belts are arranged in sections, and the water temperature collectors are arranged at the electric heating belts arranged in sections, so that the reasonable temperature control can be carried out according to the temperature difference between the tunnel and the tunnel opening, and the ice cover formed by icing of the drainage ditch or the contact of the drainage ditch with the top of the power grid or the tunnel caused by evaporation of water vapor can be controlled under the extremely cold air temperature condition, and the problems of wall freezing edema and icing are reduced; the electric heating belt has the advantages of fast heating and high heat efficiency, and is favorable for dredging the ice of the drainage ditch according to set steps.
Firstly, a flowmeter is arranged at the upstream of a tunnel drainage ditch, and a water flowmeter is added to provide parameters for intelligent control. Through many experiments, it is found that the flowmeter is arranged at the upper stream of the tunnel drainage ditch to control the tunnel drainage ditch with small flow to be iced to form a drainage ditch ice cover more accurately, wherein the drainage ditch provided with the water flowmeter section is provided with an electric heating belt, so that the accuracy of the measured data of the flowmeter is ensured.
Secondly, the drainage ditch is artificially frozen and dredged again at the extremely cold environment temperature, an ice cover is formed at the upper part of the drainage ditch, water vapor is prevented from escaping to the tunnel space in the heating process, and meanwhile, the heat preservation effect is achieved. Because the electric heating belts are arranged in sections, the water temperature collecting points are arranged, and the upstream water flow meters are arranged, the intelligent control machine can control the outlet of the drainage ditch to be frozen according to the collected parameters, when the drainage ditch is frozen to reach a preset height, the ice is rapidly heated and melted from the ditch bottom, so that the frozen and melted ditch bottom forms a water flow channel, and the ice cover on the upper part keeps the temperature and blocks the water vapor from escaping outwards. For the tunnel with large water flow, the control mode is adjusted according to the actual situation.
The intelligent controller can control according to the acquired information and a set target, and effectively control the temperature of the heating zone according to the boiling point of the high altitude water at the plateau sea, so that the ice can be effectively melted, the drainage ditch can be dredged, and the influence of water vapor generated by heating on safe operation can be avoided; meanwhile, the accurate control can also play a role in energy saving and has high economical efficiency.
(II) for deicing, defrosting and icing on the wall of the top tunnel of the plateau railway tunnel, the scheme for solving deicing and defrosting on the wall of the top tunnel of the tunnel through the suspended warming dredging of the intelligent drainage ditch is as follows:
a stainless steel plate with the thickness of 0.4mm is arranged in the drainage ditch and clings to the water surface, an electric heating belt is arranged on one side of the stainless steel plate close to the water surface, and the electric heating belt is fixed on the lower part of the V-shaped bracket. The V-shaped bracket is erected on a drainage ditch every 2m, and each electric heating belt needing to be paved is 30-50m long and 80mm wide. The maximum power of the heating belt is 5000W; 260 ℃, the electric heating belts are spaced at intervals of 30m, 40m, 50m and the like from the tunnel entrance, the power is gradually reduced in a segmented mode or the installation distance is prolonged, the spacing between the two ends is controlled within the range of 60W/15 ℃, and therefore the tunnel top temperature is kept above 0 ℃, and ice is not hung and frost is not formed. The heating belt power is smaller as the heating belt extends into the hole. The installation distance is preferably 500 to 800 meters from the tunnel entrance. When the train in the area of the tunnel opening passes through the brought-in external cold air at the speed of 200 km/h, the ground surface temperature of the drainage ditch of the tunnel opening is reduced by 0.21 ℃/meter when the ambient temperature is reduced by 1 ℃. Therefore, as long as the drainage ditches, the tunnel walls, the tunnel tops and the grid lines are subjected to water seepage or overhigh moisture, cold air brought into the tunnel by the trains is easy to freeze or frost. Therefore, the electric heating belt has the advantages of thin thickness (the thickness is 1.5mm), high temperature resistance, low temperature resistance, good toughness and insulation and the like, so that the electric heating belt provided by the invention can be used for solving the problems of excessive air humidity in plateau alpine regions or tunnels and eliminating the freezing problem of railway tunnel drainage ditches with serious icing and frosting.
The above disclosure is only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any variations that can be made by those skilled in the art are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a graphene metal net is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, mixing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 81.2-91.2% of nichrome heating wire, 17-17.9% of industrial nickel powder and 1.74-1.81% of platinum powder are added into a smelting furnace to be smelted into metal liquid;
s2, pouring the metal liquid prepared in the step S1 into a film pressing machine after being stirred evenly, cooling to 1100-1200 ℃, and pressing a film belt;
s3, carrying out chemical high-temperature oxidation on the film belt pressed by the S2 for 3-5min, cooling to restore the toughness, then uniformly coating the graphene heat-conducting paste with the mass fraction of 20% -22% on the film belt, and repeatedly pressing for many times until the film belt is gray black;
s4 mesh cutting and pressing the film tape prepared in S3.
2. The method for preparing graphene metallic mesh according to claim 1, wherein the set temperature of the smelting furnace in the step S1 is 1600 ℃.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the mass fraction of the nichrome heating wire is 81.2%, the mass fraction of the industrial nickel powder is 17%, and the mass fraction of the platinum powder is 1.8%.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal liquid is homogenized in step S2, and then poured into a film pressing machine to be cooled to 1200 ℃, and pressed into a film strip of 0.1mm to 1.2 mm.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step S3 is performed by high temperature chemical oxidation at 1200 ℃ for 3 minutes before coating the film strip with 20% by mass of graphene paste, and then cooling to 400 ℃.
6. The method for preparing graphene metallic mesh according to claim 1, wherein the resistance of the graphene metallic mesh cut and pressed in step S4 is 25-400W/m, and the deviation is ± 2W/m.
7. A graphene metal net prepared by the method for preparing a graphene metal net according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The utility model provides an electrical heating area who contains graphite alkene metal mesh, its characterized in that, including the carbon cloth that scribbles silicon rubber and lay two at least graphite alkene metal meshes between the carbon cloth, wherein the silicon rubber layer of carbon cloth covers on two at least graphite alkene metal meshes, and two at least graphite alkene metal mesh symmetries are laid between the carbon cloth, and two graphite alkene metal mesh one end are passed through the power cord intercommunication, and two graphite alkene metal mesh other ends are connected with the power electricity through the controller respectively.
9. The electrical heating tape according to claim 8, wherein the electrical heating tape is connected with an NTC temperature probe, the NTC temperature probe is used for transmitting the detected temperature value of the electrical heating tape to the controller for temperature control, and the NTC temperature probe and the controller are both electrically connected with a power supply.
10. Use of an electrical heating tape according to any one of claims 8 and 9 for heating of electrical heating equipment, snow melting and moisture protection of equipment in alpine regions, and deicing and frost removal of alpine tunnels.
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