CN113053615A - Helium microcirculation refrigeration Dewar system for superconducting magnet - Google Patents
Helium microcirculation refrigeration Dewar system for superconducting magnet Download PDFInfo
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- CN113053615A CN113053615A CN202110605697.5A CN202110605697A CN113053615A CN 113053615 A CN113053615 A CN 113053615A CN 202110605697 A CN202110605697 A CN 202110605697A CN 113053615 A CN113053615 A CN 113053615A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
- H01F6/04—Cooling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
- H01F6/02—Quenching; Protection arrangements during quenching
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
- H01F6/06—Coils, e.g. winding, insulating, terminating or casing arrangements therefor
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- Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a helium microcirculation refrigeration Dewar system for a superconducting magnet, which belongs to the technical field of superconducting magnet cooling devices and comprises the following components: the outer surface of the Dewar is provided with an inwards concave heat conduction cavity; the coupling head extends into the heat conduction cavity, and one end of the coupling head is connected with the inner bottom wall of the heat conduction cavity; a superconducting coil disposed within the dewar; the helium microcirculation loop is arranged in the Dewar and comprises a condensation cavity and a plurality of heat exchange pipelines, the condensation cavity is connected with the outer bottom wall of the heat conduction cavity, one end of each heat exchange pipeline is communicated with the condensation cavity, the other end of each heat exchange pipeline is closed and connected with the superconducting coil, and helium is filled in the heat exchange pipelines and the condensation cavity; the heat conduction cavity is only communicated with the atmospheric environment but not communicated with the interior of the Dewar, so that a helium closed running volume space can be better constructed, helium is not subjected to diffusion and thermal shock of the atmosphere any more, the icing phenomenon can not occur, the heat conduction efficiency is ensured, and the superconducting magnet is prevented from being out of order.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of superconducting magnet cooling devices, in particular to a helium microcirculation refrigeration Dewar system for a superconducting magnet.
Background
The existing superconducting magnet structure is generally composed of a superconducting coil, a liquid helium container, a room-temperature end container, a thermal radiation shielding assembly for constructing a temperature gradient between the liquid helium container and the room-temperature end container, a liquid helium container suspension assembly and the like. Generally, the enclosed space between the liquid helium container and the room temperature end container is in a high vacuum state, and provides an insulating environment for the liquid helium container. In order to provide optimum thermal insulation, the liquid helium vessel, thermal radiation shield assembly, and other necessary components are surface-wrapped with a number of layers of thermal insulation material.
At present, the most common refrigeration mode of the low-temperature superconducting magnet for industrial production is liquid helium immersion cooling, the refrigerant is liquid helium, the heat of the superconducting coil is absorbed through a liquid helium gasification mode, the gasified helium and a cold source (GM refrigerator) carry out heat exchange to complete the reliquefaction of the helium, and the liquid-gas two-state circulation of the helium can enable the superconducting magnet to operate under stable low temperature in a low-temperature Dewar. GM refrigerators are typically housed in a special container that communicates at its cryogenic end with a container filled with liquid helium.
Liquid helium is a scarce resource and the price is heavily influenced by the supply side. The superconducting magnet which is commercialized (including medical and industrial fields) generally needs to use a large amount of liquid helium, the storage amount of the liquid helium is more than 1000L, and a large amount of helium is lost in the process of filling the liquid helium. The existing superconducting magnet has large liquid helium consumption and large liquid helium cavity volume, but the liquid helium which really participates in heat exchange has limited volume, thereby causing serious waste of liquid helium resources.
The conventional cooling method (room temperature to-268.8 ℃) of the superconducting magnet is to inject a large amount of liquid helium fluid into a liquid helium cavity, and take away the heat of the cold mass of the liquid helium cavity in a liquid helium gasification mode to finish cooling. In actual operation, the use site of the superconducting magnet does not usually have helium recovery conditions, and the waste of liquid helium is inevitably caused.
The liquid helium cavity of the superconducting magnet is communicated with the atmospheric environment, when the refrigerator is installed and replaced, helium gas and atmospheric convection can occur in the space of a container in which the refrigerator is installed, helium volatilization loss and icing (mainly nitrogen ice) on the wall surface of the low-temperature end of the container are caused, and the icing area directly influences heat conduction efficiency and even causes accidents. Moreover, if the superconducting magnet is quenched in the using process, the conventional solution can only allow helium to volatilize and cannot recover the helium.
Disclosure of Invention
For the problems in the prior art, the helium microcirculation refrigeration Dewar system for the superconducting magnet provided by the invention cancels the traditional large-volume liquid helium containing cavity, can realize refrigeration of a superconducting coil by using trace helium in a helium microcirculation loop, and has high proportion of helium participating in thermal circulation and high efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a helium micro-cycle refrigeration dewar system for superconducting magnets comprising:
the outer surface of the Dewar is provided with an inwards concave heat conduction cavity;
the coupling head extends into the heat conduction cavity, and the end face of one end of the coupling head is connected with the inner bottom wall of the heat conduction cavity;
the superconducting coil is arranged in the Dewar;
the helium microcirculation loop is arranged in the Dewar and comprises a condensation cavity and a plurality of heat exchange pipes, the condensation cavity is connected with the outer bottom wall of the heat conduction cavity, one end of each heat exchange pipe is communicated with the condensation cavity, the other end of each heat exchange pipe is closed and connected with the superconducting coil, and helium is filled in the heat exchange pipes and the condensation cavity.
As a preferable technical solution, the heat transfer cavity is connected to the dewar through a first flange, and the heat transfer cavity is sequentially provided with a first bellows, a second flange and a third flange along a direction close to the superconducting coil.
As a preferable technical solution, a second bellows is connected to an end surface of the first flange, which is far away from the superconducting coil, and a fourth flange is connected to the other end of the second bellows.
As a preferable technical solution, the second flange and the third flange are both made of pure copper.
As a preferred technical scheme, the coupling head sequentially comprises an upper flange and a lower flange along a direction close to the superconducting coil, and the upper flange is connected with the lower flange through a connecting belt and a spring.
As a preferable technical scheme, the upper flange and the lower flange are both made of pure copper, the connecting band is an annealed copper band, the upper surface of the upper flange is connected with a secondary cold head of the refrigerator, and the lower surface of the lower flange is connected with the inner bottom wall of the heat conduction cavity.
As a preferred technical scheme, grooves are formed in the superconducting coils corresponding to the joints of the heat exchange pipes, and the end parts of the heat exchange pipes are embedded into the grooves; and/or the heat exchange pipeline is made of copper or stainless steel.
As a preferred technical scheme, still include the gas holder, the gas holder is located the dewar is outside, the gas holder with through the trachea in order to communicate between the condensation chamber, be equipped with the valve on the trachea way.
As a preferred technical solution, the gas pipeline at least partially positioned in the dewar is provided as a spiral pipe; and/or an air pressure sensor is arranged in the air pipeline between the valve and the condensation cavity, the air pressure sensor is connected with a controller, and the controller is connected with the valve; and/or a porous medium or a grid is arranged in the gas pipeline.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the heat conduction cavity is only communicated with the atmospheric environment but not communicated with the interior of the Dewar, so that a helium closed running volume space can be better constructed, helium is not subjected to diffusion and thermal shock of the atmosphere any more, the icing phenomenon can not occur, the heat conduction efficiency is ensured, and the superconducting magnet is prevented from being out of order.
2. The superconducting magnet does not need to be filled with liquid helium for cooling in the cooling process, only a proper amount of helium needs to be supplemented into the helium microcirculation loop, and the helium continuously performs gas-liquid two-phase thermal circulation of gasification-condensation between the superconducting coil and the condensation cavity, so that the cooling process can be realized, and the waste of helium is effectively reduced.
3. When the superconducting magnet is cooled and normally operates, the superconducting coil can be refrigerated only by filling a trace amount of helium in the helium microcirculation loop, the efficiency of helium participating in the heat circulation is higher, and the using amount of helium is greatly reduced.
4. The connecting belt and the spring between the first corrugated pipe and the second corrugated pipe on the heat conduction cavity and the upper flange and the lower flange of the coupling head can effectively buffer and compensate the influence of the vibration of the refrigerator on the connected parts, and improve the stability in use.
5. When the refrigerator is replaced and maintained, the operation environment is safer and more friendly, and the operation is simpler; when the refrigerator is inserted into and installed in the heat conduction cavity, liquid helium can not be instantaneously gasified, a low-temperature environment can not be generated at the part with higher helium concentration, and the icing probability of the inner wall of the heat conduction cavity is greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of one embodiment of a helium micro-cycle refrigeration Dewar system for a superconducting magnet according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the coupling head of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the helium microcircuit of FIG. 1.
In the figure: 1-Dewar, 11-first flange, 12-first bellows, 13-second flange, 14-third flange, 15-second bellows, 16-fourth flange, 17-heat conduction cavity, 21-upper flange, 22-lower flange, 23-connecting belt, 24-spring, 25-refrigerator secondary cold head, 3-superconducting coil, 41-condensation cavity, 42-heat exchange pipeline, 43-groove, 44-liquid helium storage, 51-gas storage tank, 52-gas pipeline, 53-valve and 54-spiral pipe.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding for those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to fig. 3, an embodiment of a helium micro-circulation refrigeration dewar system for a superconducting magnet according to the present invention includes:
a dewar 1, the dewar 1 forming a sealed chamber for containing a superconducting coil 3; the outer surface of the Dewar 1 is provided with an inwards concave heat conduction cavity 17, and a cold head of the refrigerator can extend into the heat conduction cavity 17;
the coupling head extends into the heat conduction cavity 17, the end face of one end of the coupling head is connected with the inner bottom wall of the heat conduction cavity 17, and the coupling head is used for connecting the cold head of the refrigerator with the inner bottom wall of the heat conduction cavity 17 so as to transfer the cold quantity of the refrigerator through the coupling head;
the superconducting coil 3, the superconducting coil 3 locates in Dewar 1;
the helium microcirculation loop is arranged in the Dewar 1 and comprises a condensation cavity 41 and a plurality of heat exchange pipelines 42, the condensation cavity 41 is connected with the outer bottom wall of the heat conduction cavity 17, and cold energy generated by the refrigerator can be transmitted to the condensation cavity 41 through the coupling head and the outer bottom wall of the heat conduction cavity 17; one end of the heat exchange pipeline 42 is communicated with the condensing cavity 41, the other end of the heat exchange pipeline 42 is closed and is connected with the superconducting coil 3, helium is filled in the heat exchange pipeline 42 and the condensing cavity 41 and serves as a heat exchange medium, the helium flows into the condensing cavity 41 after absorbing heat and gasifying at the superconducting coil 3, and the helium can flow back to the superconducting coil 3 after being dissipated and liquefied under the action of a refrigerator in the condensing cavity 41, so that a circulating refrigeration system for the superconducting coil 3 is formed.
It should be noted that the opening is only arranged between the sealing chamber and the external space of the dewar 1, so that the refrigerator can conveniently extend into the sealing chamber, and the sealing chamber is the same as the dewar 1, so that the external space of the dewar 1 can be isolated from the sealing chamber formed by the dewar 1, and the sealing performance of the sealing chamber is ensured; a thermal radiation shielding assembly (not shown) should be provided between the superconducting coil 3 and the dewar 1, the thermal radiation shielding assembly being disposed around the superconducting coil 3.
In the present embodiment, referring to fig. 1, a heat conduction cavity 17 is connected to a dewar 1 through a first flange 11, and the heat conduction cavity 17 is fixed on the dewar 1 through the first flange 11; the heat conduction cavity 17 is sequentially provided with a first corrugated pipe 12, a second flange 13 and a third flange 14 along the direction close to the superconducting coil 3, wherein the second flange 13 is used for being connected with a primary cold head of the refrigerator; the third flange 14 is used for connecting with the secondary cold head 25 of the refrigerator, and meanwhile, the third flange 14 can also directly form the bottom surface of the heat conduction cavity 17; the first bellows 12 has elasticity, which facilitates adjustment of the installation height of the refrigerator, and can compensate for vibration in use.
On the basis of the above embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the end surface of the first flange 11 away from the superconducting coil 3 is connected with a second bellows 15, and the other end of the second bellows 15 is connected with a fourth flange 16; preferably, a screw rod can be arranged between the fourth flange 16 and the dewar 1, the fourth flange 16 is sleeved on the screw rod, when the refrigerator is installed, the fourth flange 16 is connected with the refrigerator, the installation height of the refrigerator can be further conveniently adjusted, and the vibration compensation effect is achieved in use; further, the second bellows 15 may be hermetically connected to the first flange 11 by an O-ring, or may be directly welded to the first flange 11 after installation and debugging.
It should be noted that, because the second flange 13 and the third flange 14 are both in direct contact with the cold head of the refrigerator and transfer cold energy, the second flange 13 and the third flange 14 are both preferably made of pure copper, and the flatness of the connection contact surfaces of the second flange 13 and the third flange 14 with the cold head of the refrigerator respectively should be as high as possible, and the surface roughness should be as low as possible, so that the contact thermal resistance can be effectively reduced; preferably, thin indium sheets are respectively padded between the second flange 13 and the third flange 14 and the cold head of the refrigerator.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 2, the coupling head sequentially includes an upper flange 21 and a lower flange 22 along a direction close to the superconducting coil 3, an upper surface of the upper flange 21 is connected to the second-stage cold head 25 of the refrigerator, and a lower surface of the lower flange 22 is connected to the third flange 14; the connecting belt 23 and the spring 24 are arranged between the upper flange 21 and the lower flange 22, so that certain elasticity can be achieved while high parallelism between the upper flange 21 and the lower flange 22 is ensured; because the upper flange 21 and the lower flange 22 both need to transmit cold energy, the upper flange 21 and the lower flange 22 are both preferably made of pure copper, the flatness of the upper surface of the upper flange 21 and the lower surface of the lower flange 22 are both as high as possible, the surface roughness is both as low as possible, and the contact thermal resistance can be effectively reduced; specifically, the connecting tape 23 is preferably an annealed copper tape; considering welding manufacturability and elastic space, the inner distance between the upper flange 21 and the lower flange 22 should be 8-12mm, preferably 10 mm; meanwhile, the upper flange 21 and the secondary cold head 25 of the refrigerator are preferably connected by screws, and if necessary, the contact surfaces of the upper flange 21 and the secondary cold head 25 of the refrigerator can be coated with heat-conducting silicone grease; the lower flange 22 and the third flange 14 are also connected by screws, and if necessary, a thin indium sheet can be padded between the contact surfaces of the lower flange and the third flange and thermal conductive silicone grease can be coated between the contact surfaces of the lower flange and the third flange.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 3, the superconducting coil 3 is provided with grooves 43 corresponding to the joints with the heat exchange pipes 42, the end portions of the heat exchange pipes 42 are embedded in the grooves 43, and the ends of the heat exchange pipes 42 are embedded in the grooves 43, so that the heat exchange area between the superconducting coil 3 and the superconducting coil can be increased, and the heat exchange efficiency can be improved; specifically, the depth of the groove 43 is generally 1/2 corresponding to the radial thickness of the superconducting coil 3, and the heat exchange pipe 42 can be fixed in the groove 43 by using a low-melting high-thermal-conductivity alloy, so as to ensure a good heat exchange effect; specifically, in order to ensure the transmission effect of the cooling capacity, the connection ends of the condensation cavity 41, the first flange 11 and the heat exchange pipeline 42 are made of pure copper, the shells of other parts of the condensation cavity 41 can be made of thin-wall stainless steel, and the condensation cavity 41 is formed by vacuum brazing; the heat exchange tubes 42 are preferably made of copper or stainless steel; further, the condensation chamber 41 is preferably screwed to the first flange 11, and if necessary, an indium foil is applied between the contact surfaces of the condensation chamber and the first flange and heat conductive silicone grease is applied.
It should be noted that the condensing cavity 41 should be located above the superconducting coil 3 and the heat exchange pipeline 42, so that helium in the heat exchange pipeline 42 can smoothly flow into the condensing cavity 41 after heat absorption and gasification, and can smoothly flow back to the connection with the superconducting coil 3 along the heat exchange pipeline 42 after heat dissipation and liquefaction of the condensing cavity 41; the connection points of the heat exchange pipes 42 and the superconducting coil 3 should be uniformly distributed on the superconducting coil 3, so as to ensure uniform refrigeration of the whole superconducting coil 3.
In the present embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment further includes a gas storage tank 51, the gas storage tank 51 is disposed outside the dewar 1, and a certain amount of helium gas is stored in the gas storage tank 51; the gas storage tank 51 is communicated with the condensing cavity 41 through a gas pipeline 52, and the gas pipeline 52 is provided with a valve 53, so that when the amount of helium in the helium microcirculation circuit is small, helium can be supplemented into the helium microcirculation circuit through the gas pipeline 52; when the superconducting coil 3 loses time, helium in the helium microcirculation loop is completely gasified, the air pressure is increased, and part of helium in the helium microcirculation loop can flow back to the gas storage tank 51 along the gas pipeline 52, so that helium escape and waste are avoided.
On the basis of the above embodiment, please refer to fig. 1, at least a portion of the air duct 52 in the dewar 1 is a spiral tube 54, and the spiral tube 54 can extend the length of the air path from the air storage tank 51 for storing the room temperature helium gas to the condensation chamber 41, so as to increase the temperature gradient; an air pressure sensor is arranged in an air pipeline 52 between the valve 53 and the condensing cavity 41, the air pressure sensor is connected with a controller, the controller is connected with the valve 53, the air pressure of the condensing cavity 41 can be measured through the air pressure sensor, the state of helium in the helium micro-circulation loop can be judged according to the air pressure, and specifically, when the air pressure value is too low, the helium amount in the helium micro-circulation loop is insufficient, and helium needs to be supplemented; when the air pressure value is too high, the superconducting coil 3 is quenched, and partial helium in the helium microcirculation loop needs to be released; in actual production, an over-low air pressure value and an over-high air pressure value can be set according to actual conditions, and the helium can be automatically controlled to flow between the gas storage tank 51 and the helium microcirculation loop by controlling the opening, closing and guiding of the valve 53 through the controller; specifically, the controller may be a PLC, and the valve 53 may be a solenoid directional valve.
It should be noted that the air duct 52 and the heat conducting duct are preferably provided with porous media or mesh to effectively avoid air lock.
In addition, referring to fig. 3, a small liquid helium storage 44 may be disposed at an end of the heat conduction pipe away from the condensation chamber 41, so as to improve the heat cycle efficiency.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A helium microcirculation refrigeration Dewar system for superconducting magnets is characterized by comprising:
the outer surface of the Dewar is provided with an inwards concave heat conduction cavity;
the coupling head extends into the heat conduction cavity, and the end face of one end of the coupling head is connected with the inner bottom wall of the heat conduction cavity;
the superconducting coil is arranged in the Dewar;
the helium microcirculation loop is arranged in the Dewar and comprises a condensation cavity and a plurality of heat exchange pipes, the condensation cavity is connected with the outer bottom wall of the heat conduction cavity, one end of each heat exchange pipe is communicated with the condensation cavity, the other end of each heat exchange pipe is closed and connected with the superconducting coil, and helium is filled in the heat exchange pipes and the condensation cavity.
2. The helium microcirculation refrigeration dewar system for superconducting magnet according to claim 1, wherein the heat conduction cavity is connected with the dewar through a first flange, and the heat conduction cavity is provided with a first corrugated pipe, a second flange and a third flange in sequence along a direction close to the superconducting coil.
3. The helium microcirculation refrigeration dewar system for superconducting magnet according to claim 2, wherein a second corrugated pipe is connected to an end face of the first flange far away from the superconducting coil, and a fourth flange is connected to the other end of the second corrugated pipe.
4. A helium microcirculation refrigeration dewar system for superconducting magnets according to claim 2, wherein the second flange and the third flange are made of pure copper.
5. The helium microcirculation refrigeration Dewar system for superconducting magnets of claim 1, wherein the coupling head comprises an upper flange and a lower flange in sequence along the direction close to the superconducting coil, and the upper flange and the lower flange are connected through a connecting belt and a spring.
6. The helium microcirculation refrigeration Dewar system for superconducting magnets as claimed in claim 5, wherein the upper flange and the lower flange are both made of pure copper, the connecting band is made of annealed copper strips, the upper surface of the upper flange is connected with a secondary cold head of a refrigerator, and the lower surface of the lower flange is connected with the inner bottom wall of the heat conduction cavity.
7. The helium microcirculation refrigeration Dewar system for superconducting magnets as claimed in claim 1, wherein grooves are formed on the superconducting coils corresponding to the joints of the heat exchange pipes, and the ends of the heat exchange pipes are embedded in the grooves; and/or the heat exchange pipeline is made of copper or stainless steel.
8. The helium microcirculation refrigeration dewar system for superconducting magnet according to claim 1, further comprising a gas storage tank, wherein the gas storage tank is arranged outside the dewar, the gas storage tank is communicated with the condensation cavity through a gas pipeline, and a valve is arranged on the gas pipeline.
9. A helium microcirculation refrigeration dewar system for superconducting magnets as claimed in claim 8, wherein the gas conduit at least partially within the dewar is provided as a toroidal; and/or an air pressure sensor is arranged in the air pipeline between the valve and the condensation cavity, the air pressure sensor is connected with a controller, and the controller is connected with the valve; and/or a porous medium or a grid is arranged in the gas pipeline.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110605697.5A CN113053615B (en) | 2021-06-01 | 2021-06-01 | Helium microcirculation refrigeration Dewar system for superconducting magnet |
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| CN202110605697.5A CN113053615B (en) | 2021-06-01 | 2021-06-01 | Helium microcirculation refrigeration Dewar system for superconducting magnet |
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| CN113053615A true CN113053615A (en) | 2021-06-29 |
| CN113053615B CN113053615B (en) | 2021-08-24 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113654382A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-11-16 | 中国科学院高能物理研究所 | Superconducting cooling circulation system driven by no-motion part |
| CN115762953A (en) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-03-07 | 苏州八匹马超导科技有限公司 | Superconducting magnet cooling device and superconducting magnet equipment |
| CN116031039A (en) * | 2023-03-22 | 2023-04-28 | 宁波健信超导科技股份有限公司 | Superconducting magnet heat transfer system |
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| CN116031039B (en) * | 2023-03-22 | 2023-06-09 | 宁波健信超导科技股份有限公司 | Superconducting magnet heat transfer system |
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