CN113053342A - Underwater acoustic collimator capable of breaking through diffraction limit - Google Patents
Underwater acoustic collimator capable of breaking through diffraction limit Download PDFInfo
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- CN113053342A CN113053342A CN202110330023.9A CN202110330023A CN113053342A CN 113053342 A CN113053342 A CN 113053342A CN 202110330023 A CN202110330023 A CN 202110330023A CN 113053342 A CN113053342 A CN 113053342A
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- 230000026683 transduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 238000010361 transduction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002463 transducing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002146 bilateral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K9/00—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
- G10K9/12—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated
- G10K9/122—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated using piezoelectric driving means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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- Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an underwater acoustic collimator breaking through diffraction limit, wherein signals are coupled in corresponding transmitting transducers, and the underwater acoustic collimator comprises a first transducing mechanism and a second transducing mechanism which are made of gradient metamaterial; the first transduction mechanism comprises a solid square base, a transduction array is arranged on the square base, the transduction array comprises a plurality of transduction pieces arranged in a rectangular array, the transduction pieces are of conical solid structures, the radiuses of the bottom circular surfaces of all the transduction pieces are the same, and the heights of all the transduction pieces are the same; the second energy conversion mechanism is the same as the first energy conversion mechanism in structure, and the second energy conversion mechanism are arranged in a vertically symmetrical mode and are in up-down correspondence with the energy conversion pieces in an abutting mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of underwater acoustic transduction, in particular to an underwater acoustic collimator which breaks through the diffraction limit.
Background
The underwater acoustic transducer is a device capable of mutually converting acoustic energy and electric energy (or energy of two different forms), and can be used in the fields of underwater target detection, underwater communication and the like.
However, the practical underwater acoustic transducer has the following disadvantages: (1) in order to match the impedance between the piezoelectric material and the working medium water, the conventional underwater acoustic transducer usually adopts a quarter-wave matching layer, thereby causing a narrow-band effect. And due to the discontinuity and the singleness of the acoustic impedance of the single-layer matching layer material, the sound wave can not be completely transmitted, and part of the sound energy is still reflected to cause the sound intensity attenuation of the transmitted sound wave. (2) The transducer is known to have a limit of diffraction limit from θ (arcsin (1.22 λ/D), and the object resolution D is θ in the case of a unit distance, so the underwater detection resolution of the transducer is inversely proportional to both the mechanical size (i.e., the diameter of the radiation surface) and the transmission frequency, which causes the existing transducer to have a limitation in setting the size and the acoustic frequency. The traditional transducer needs to break through the diffraction limit, a large number of active phased arrays need to be introduced, and the structural design becomes very complicated.
The invention aims to design an underwater acoustic collimator which breaks through the diffraction limit aiming at the problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an underwater acoustic collimator which breaks through the diffraction limit, and the problems in the prior art can be effectively solved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an underwater acoustic collimator that breaks the diffraction limit, with signals coupled in respective transmitting transducers, comprising a first transducing mechanism and a second transducing mechanism made of a gradient metamaterial;
the first transduction mechanism comprises a solid square base, a transduction array is arranged on the square base, the transduction array comprises a plurality of transduction pieces arranged in a rectangular array, the transduction pieces are of conical solid structures, the radiuses of the bottom circular surfaces of all the transduction pieces are the same, and the heights of all the transduction pieces are the same;
the second energy conversion mechanism is the same as the first energy conversion mechanism in structure, and the second energy conversion mechanism are arranged in a vertically symmetrical mode and are in up-down correspondence with the energy conversion pieces in an abutting mode.
Further, the wavelength of the radiated sound wave of the transmitting transducer in water is defined as lambda, and the lattice constant a of the transducer array is 0.2 lambda-0.3 lambda.
Further, the height of the transducer is 200mm-220 mm.
Further, the radius of the bottom circular surface of the transducer is 4.7mm-4.9 mm.
Furthermore, the square base is provided with a transduction array placing area, the length of the transduction array placing area is 420mm-460mm, the width of the transduction array placing area is 240mm-280mm, and the transduction array is arranged in the transduction array placing area.
Further, the width of the square base is 35-45mm larger than that of the transduction array placement area, and the length of the square base is 35-45mm larger than that of the transduction array placement area.
Furthermore, a support rod is arranged between the upper square base and the lower square base.
Further, the first transduction mechanism and the second transduction mechanism are made of ABS materials.
Further, the first transduction mechanism and the second transduction mechanism are made of ABS materials with acoustic impedance of 3.1Mrayl-3.2 Mrayl.
Further, the center frequency of the radiated sound wave of the transmitting transducer is 36kHz-40 kHz.
Accordingly, the present invention provides the following effects and/or advantages:
1. according to the invention, the underwater acoustic collimator is provided with the first energy conversion mechanism and the second energy conversion mechanism which are symmetrical up and down, all the energy conversion pieces are the same in structure, the energy conversion pieces which correspond up and down are mutually abutted, the wave front is subjected to phase modulation of the underwater collimator, and the acoustic wave can simultaneously reduce the width of an acoustic beam and increase the sound energy of a main shaft after passing through the underwater collimator. By designing a linear sound velocity gradient mode, the propagation time at two ends of the collimator can be effectively shortened so as to achieve the effect of phase control, and the original sound wave without phase modulation is subjected to the phase advancing effect of the underwater sound collimator to finally form an underwater non-diffracted beam.
2. The beam widths of underwater signals received by arcs with the radiuses of 700mm, 500mm, 300mm, 100mm and 50mm are respectively about 8.36 degrees, 7.05 degrees, 7.72 degrees and 8.81 degrees, and are smaller than the beam width of an echo sounder self beam of an anechoic board by 9.04 degrees.
3. Compared with the underwater transduction emitter, the gain of the invention is about 20%, thereby improving the object resolution ratio under the condition of unit distance.
4. The invention can effectively reduce the beam width of the transducer, thereby ensuring that the underwater acoustic detector can reduce the interference of reflected waves on the water surface and the water bottom, increasing the energy of the main lobe and realizing the functions of longer-distance underwater acoustic detection and detection.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description of the present invention are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the first embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first transducer mechanism according to the first embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a transducer according to the first embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a beam angle table according to the first embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a directivity experiment.
Fig. 6 is an actual photograph of a directivity test.
Fig. 7 is a graph of experimental results of underwater directivity measurement.
Fig. 8 is a graph of experimental results of underwater directivity measurement.
Detailed Description
To facilitate understanding of those skilled in the art, the structure of the present invention will now be described in further detail by way of examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
an underwater acoustic collimator that breaks the diffraction limit, with signals coupled in respective transmitting transducers, comprising a first transducing mechanism and a second transducing mechanism made of a gradient metamaterial;
the first transduction mechanism comprises a solid square base, a transduction array is arranged on the square base, the transduction array comprises a plurality of transduction pieces arranged in a rectangular array, the transduction pieces are of conical solid structures, the radiuses of the bottom circular surfaces of all the transduction pieces are the same, and the heights of all the transduction pieces are the same;
the second energy conversion mechanism is the same as the first energy conversion mechanism in structure, and the second energy conversion mechanism are arranged in a vertically symmetrical mode and are in up-down correspondence with the energy conversion pieces in an abutting mode.
Further, the wavelength of the radiated sound wave of the transmitting transducer in water is defined as lambda, and the lattice constant a of the transducer array is 0.2 lambda-0.3 lambda.
Further, the height of the transducer is 200mm-220 mm.
Further, the radius of the bottom circular surface of the transducer is 4.7mm-4.9 mm.
Furthermore, the square base is provided with a transduction array placing area, the length of the transduction array placing area is 420mm-460mm, the width of the transduction array placing area is 240mm-280mm, and the transduction array is arranged in the transduction array placing area.
Further, the width of the square base is 35-45mm larger than that of the transduction array placement area, and the length of the square base is 35-45mm larger than that of the transduction array placement area.
Furthermore, a support rod is arranged between the upper square base and the lower square base.
Further, the first transduction mechanism and the second transduction mechanism are made of ABS materials.
Further, the first transduction mechanism and the second transduction mechanism are made of ABS materials with acoustic impedance of 3.1Mrayl-3.2 Mrayl.
Further, the center frequency of the radiated sound wave of the transmitting transducer is 36kHz-40 kHz.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1-3, an underwater acoustic collimator breaking through diffraction limit is printed by 3D integral molding, and the underwater acoustic collimator signal is coupled with a corresponding Echosounder underwater transmitting transducer, the radius of the radiating surface of which is 130mm, the center frequency of the radiating sound wave of the transmitting transducer is 38kHz, the underwater acoustic collimator comprises a first transducing mechanism 1 and a second transducing mechanism 2 made of gradient super-structural material;
the first transduction mechanism 1 comprises a solid square base 3, a transduction array is arranged on the square base 3, the transduction array comprises a plurality of transduction pieces 4 arranged in a rectangular array, the transduction pieces 4 are of conical solid structures, the radiuses of the bottom circular surfaces of all the transduction pieces 4 are the same, and the heights of all the transduction pieces 4 are the same;
the second energy conversion mechanism 2 is the same as the first energy conversion mechanism 1 in structure, the second energy conversion mechanism 1 and the second energy conversion mechanism 2 are arranged in an up-down symmetrical mode, and the energy conversion pieces 4 corresponding to each other are arranged in an abutting mode.
Further, the wavelength of the radiated sound wave of the transmitting transducer in water is defined as lambda, and the lattice constant a of the transducer array is 0.2 lambda-0.3 lambda. In the present embodiment, the lattice constant a of the transduction array is specifically 0.25 λ. According to the lattice constant a being 0.25 lambda and the center frequency of the underwater transmitting transducer being 38kHz, the lattice constant is 12mm, namely the distance between the centers of the bottom surfaces of the adjacent transducers is 12 mm. In other embodiments, the lattice constant a of the transducing array may also be 0.2 λ or 0.3 λ.
Further, the height of the transducer 4 is 210 mm.
Further, the radius of the bottom circular surface of the transducer 4 is 4.8396 mm.
Further, the square base 3 is provided with a transduction array placement area 301, the length of the transduction array placement area 301 is 420mm, the width of the transduction array placement area 301 is 240mm, and the transduction array is arranged in the transduction array placement area 301.
Further, the width of the square base 3 is 280mm, and the length of the square base 3 is 460 mm. In the present embodiment, the number of transducers 4 is 35 × 20.
Further, a support rod (not shown) is arranged between the upper square base 1 and the lower square base 1. In this embodiment, the square base 1 is connected to the upper and lower through the bracing piece, more specifically, four corners of the square base 1 are provided with locking holes, and the bracing piece is a bolt, and is arranged between the upper and lower square bases 1 through bolt locking, thereby playing a supporting role.
Further, the first transducer mechanism 1 and the second transducer mechanism 2 are made of an ABS material having an acoustic impedance of 3.1Mrayl to 3.2 Mrayl. In this example, ABS material with acoustic impedance of 3.0475Mrayl is printed, and the difference between the acoustic impedance and water is smaller than 1.48 Mrayl. The acoustic impedance distribution from the ABS material to water is designed to have a linear gradient decreasing trend.
The working principle is as follows:
by the principle of integration, the transducer is regarded as a conical structure consisting of a large enough number of slices, and the propagation time of the sound velocity in the ith layer (i is 1,2,3 … N) is:
setting the sound velocity value of the upper end of the collimator to CiThe acoustic velocity value at the center of the collimator is C0Acoustic velocity of the lower end of the collimator is C-iThen the speed of sound varies in the layer as a function of:
Ci(z)＝C0+gi(z-zi)。
wherein, the sound velocity gradient is as follows:
the propagation time of each layer is:
by designing a linear sound velocity gradient mode, the propagation time at two ends of the collimator can be effectively shortened so as to achieve the effect of phase control, and the original sound wave without phase modulation is subjected to the phase advancing effect of the underwater sound collimator to finally form an underwater non-diffracted beam.
In addition, since the sound velocity distribution of the underwater collimator is linear gradient change, the acoustic characteristic of the underwater collimator is broadband and is not classical single-layer narrow-band transmission. By solving the sound field space distribution of the underwater echo surface, the beam angle can be obtained as follows:
where λ is the wavelength of the sound wave in the background medium (e.g., water) and D is the radiating surface diameter of Echosounder. The echo sounder beam angles simulated and measured by the above formula are shown in the table of fig. 4.
When the frequency of the incident wave is 38kHz, the wave front is subjected to phase modulation of the underwater collimator, and the sound wave can simultaneously reduce the width of the sound beam and increase the sound energy of the main shaft after passing through the underwater collimator, which means that the two effects are difficult to simultaneously achieve by the traditional structural design.
Experimental data
And (3) carrying out a directivity experiment on the underwater acoustic collimator of the first embodiment, and measuring and counting data of the underwater acoustic collimator.
The directivity experiment is shown in fig. 5-6, the underwater transmitting transducer works at 38kHz, and in order to adapt to the receiving range of the hydrophone, the experiment adds an acoustic panel to the underwater transmitting transducer, the distance between the hydrophone and the underwater transmitting transducer is set to be 1m, and the distances between the underwater transmitting transducer and the underwater acoustic collimator are 700mm, 500mm, 300mm, 100mm and 50mm respectively.
The sound pressure amplitudes measured for the underwater acoustic collimator were plotted to obtain a graph of the results shown in fig. 7-8. The distances between the underwater transmitting transducer and the underwater acoustic collimator are 700mm, 500mm, 300mm, 100mm and 50mm, the beam widths of corresponding received underwater signals are respectively about 8.36 degrees, 7.05 degrees, 7.72 degrees and 8.81 degrees, and the beam widths are respectively smaller than 9.04 degrees of the echo sounder of the anechoic board. The amplitude of the echo sounder with the anechoic plate and the underwater acoustic collimator is larger than that of the underwater acoustic collimator without the structure, and the gain is about 20 percent. The Echosounder with the sound absorbing plate has an acute angle of bilateral directivity of about 21 degrees and an object resolution of about 36.6cm in the case of a unit distance, while the acute angle of bilateral directivity of the Echosounder with the structure is different in different distances and is about 17.07 degrees, 15.72 degrees, 14.22 degrees, 15.31 degrees and 16.39 degrees in the case of 700mm, 500mm, 300mm, 100mm and 50mm, respectively, and the object resolutions of the corresponding unit distance are respectively about 29.8cm, 27.4cm, 24.8cm, 26.7cm and 28.6cm, respectively, which are improved by about 18.58 percent, 25.14 percent, 32.24 percent, 27.05 percent and 21.86 percent. Proved by the underwater acoustic collimator, the beam width of the transducer can be effectively reduced, so that the underwater acoustic detector can be ensured to reduce the interference of reflected waves on the water surface and the water bottom, the energy of a main lobe can be increased, and the longer-distance underwater acoustic detection and detection functions can be realized.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An underwater acoustic collimator breaking the diffraction limit, the signals being coupled in respective transmitting transducers, characterized in that: the underwater acoustic collimator comprises a first transduction mechanism and a second transduction mechanism which are made of gradient metamaterial;
the first transduction mechanism comprises a solid square base, a transduction array is arranged on the square base, the transduction array comprises a plurality of transduction pieces arranged in a rectangular array, the transduction pieces are of conical solid structures, the radiuses of the bottom circular surfaces of all the transduction pieces are the same, and the heights of all the transduction pieces are the same;
the second energy conversion mechanism is the same as the first energy conversion mechanism in structure, and the second energy conversion mechanism are arranged in a vertically symmetrical mode and are in up-down correspondence with the energy conversion pieces in an abutting mode.
2. A diffraction limited breaking underwater acoustic collimator as claimed in claim 1 in which: the wavelength of the radiated sound wave of the transmitting transducer in water is defined as lambda, and the lattice constant a of the transducer array is 0.2 lambda-0.3 lambda.
3. A diffraction limited breaking underwater acoustic collimator as claimed in claim 1 in which: the height of the energy conversion piece is 200mm-220 mm.
4. A diffraction limited breaking underwater acoustic collimator as claimed in claim 1 in which: the radius of the bottom circular surface of the energy conversion piece is 4.7mm-4.9 mm.
5. A diffraction limited breaking underwater acoustic collimator as claimed in claim 1 in which: the square base is provided with a transduction array placing area, the length of the transduction array placing area is 420mm-460mm, the width of the transduction array placing area is 240mm-280mm, and the transduction array is arranged in the transduction array placing area.
6. An underwater acoustic collimator breaking the diffraction limit as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the width of the square base is 35-45mm larger than that of the transduction array placement area, and the length of the square base is 35-45mm larger than that of the transduction array placement area.
7. A diffraction limited breaking underwater acoustic collimator as claimed in claim 1 in which: and a support rod is arranged between the upper square base and the lower square base.
8. A diffraction limited breaking underwater acoustic collimator as claimed in claim 1 in which: the first transduction mechanism and the second transduction mechanism are made of ABS materials.
9. An underwater acoustic collimator breaking the diffraction limit as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the first transduction mechanism and the second transduction mechanism are made of ABS materials with acoustic impedance of 3.1Mrayl-3.2 Mrayl.
10. A diffraction limited breaking underwater acoustic collimator as claimed in claim 1 in which: the center frequency of the radiated sound wave of the transmitting transducer is 36kHz-40 kHz.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114137544A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-03-04 | 厦门大学 | Underwater acoustic lens and collimation system for realizing acoustic collimation of altimeter |
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