CN113049628A - Swelling soil wet swelling-frost heaving force combined tester - Google Patents
Swelling soil wet swelling-frost heaving force combined tester Download PDFInfo
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- CN113049628A CN113049628A CN202110381776.2A CN202110381776A CN113049628A CN 113049628 A CN113049628 A CN 113049628A CN 202110381776 A CN202110381776 A CN 202110381776A CN 113049628 A CN113049628 A CN 113049628A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/14—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by using distillation, extraction, sublimation, condensation, freezing, or crystallisation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
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Abstract
The invention discloses a swelling soil wet swelling-frost heaving force combined tester.A sample cavity system of the tester comprises a steel sealing cover plate, a cylindrical steel sample cavity and a steel base which are connected in a matching way; the water injection system comprises a water inlet interface, a water seepage port, a water outlet interface and a vacuum device, wherein the water inlet interface is communicated with the water seepage port, the water outlet interface is arranged on a steel sealing cover plate, and the outer side end of the water outlet interface is connected with the vacuum device; an array type film pressure digital display sensor in the stress monitoring system is arranged close to the inner wall of the cylindrical steel sample cavity and connected with a data acquisition module. The tester is reasonable in structural arrangement, can test the relation that the expansive force of the expansive soil acting on the rigid constraint structure changes along with the soaking time in the soaking expansion process under the complete rigid constraint condition and the relation that the frost heaving force of the expansive soil changes along with the freezing time and the freezing temperature in the freezing-melting process under different saturation conditions in the whole process, and provides important basis for the construction of the expansive soil engineering in the seasonal frozen area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of expansive soil mechanics in geotechnical tests, and particularly relates to a wet swelling-frost heaving force combined tester for expansive soil.
Background
The expansive soil is rich in expansive minerals and has strong water expansion characteristics, and when the expansion deformation process of the expansive soil is restrained, expansive force is generated on a restraining structure, so that engineering disasters such as expansion damage collapse, sliding pile damage and the like of the expansive soil side slope retaining wall are often caused. China is one of the countries with the widest distribution range of expansive soil all over the world, and the Shandong Longkou on the shore of Bohai sea from the east, the six-channel Bay from the west to Xinjiang, the south dragon pond from the south to the south, and the chicken from the north to the Heilongjiang are distributed. Moreover, the seasonal frozen soil area in China occupies about 53.5% of the land area, and short-time ice and snow frost disasters can occur in southern areas under extreme weather, so that large-area overlapping parts exist between the expansive soil distribution area and the seasonal frozen soil area.
The expansive soil in the seasonal frozen soil area can generate expansion pressure on the slope retaining structure after the expansive deformation is caused by infiltration of rainfall or snow melt water, and when the environmental temperature is reduced to be lower than the freezing temperature of the soil body, water in the soil body is condensed into ice and generates frost heaving pressure along with volume expansion, so that the expansive soil slope retaining structure bears the dual effects of the expansion pressure and the frost heaving pressure, and the risks of disasters such as collapse and slide pile damage caused by damage of the expansive soil slope retaining structure in the seasonal frozen area are greatly increased.
However, in the design and construction of the existing expansive soil side slope retaining structure in China, the self-weight stress and expansive force of the soil body borne by the structure are mainly considered, the frost heaving pressure is not considered, and at present, a comprehensive expansive soil swelling-frost heaving force testing instrument with strong speciality and applicability is not available at home and abroad, for example, Chinese patent CN108572189A discloses a static and dynamic comprehensive testing system considering the soil body expansion and shrinkage characteristics under the temperature gradient, which is mainly used for realizing the accurate quantitative test and observation of the volume and strain development of an expansive soil sample in the wet and dry and frost heaving thawing processes under the dry cycle and freeze thawing action, but the sample in the system is only wrapped by silicon film without the lateral deformation of a rigid constraint sample, so that the magnitude and the change rule of the acting force exerted by the expansive soil on the rigid constraint structure (such as a reinforced concrete slope protection framework, a gravity type retaining wall, a pile plate wall and the like) under the dry and wet and freeze thawing actions can not be accurately measured, and an effective theoretical guidance is difficult to provide for the design and construction of the actual side slope retaining structure. Therefore, the expansive soil wet swelling-frost heaving force combined tester for guiding the design and construction of the projects such as the slope rigid retaining structure, the slide-resistant pile and the like is urgently needed to be developed in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a swelling soil wet swelling-frost heaving force combined tester which is reasonable in structure arrangement and convenient to operate, can test the relation that the swelling force changes along with the soaking time when swelling soil is soaked in water and the relation that the frost heaving force changes along with the freezing time and the freezing temperature when the swelling soil is frozen and melted under different saturation conditions in the whole process, and provides an important basis for the construction of swelling soil engineering in seasonal frozen areas.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a swelling soil wet swelling-frost swelling force combined tester comprises a sample cavity system, a water injection system, a temperature control system and a stress monitoring system;
the sample cavity system comprises a steel sealing cover plate, a cylindrical steel sample cavity and a steel base which are in matched connection with each other;
the water injection system comprises a water inlet interface, a water seepage port, a water outlet interface and a vacuum device, wherein the water inlet interface is arranged on the side surface of the steel base, the water seepage port is arranged above the steel base and is communicated with the water seepage port, the water outlet interface is arranged on the steel sealing cover plate and longitudinally penetrates through the steel sealing cover plate, and the outer side end of the water outlet interface is connected with the vacuum device;
the stress monitoring system comprises a lead leading-out channel, an array type film pressure digital display sensor and a data acquisition module, wherein the array type film pressure digital display sensor is arranged close to the inner wall of the cylindrical steel sample cavity, and a data wire on the array type film pressure digital display sensor is connected with the data acquisition module after being led out from the lead leading-out channel.
Furthermore, the temperature control system is arranged on the lower portion of the steel base and comprises a cold and hot solution circulation copper pipe, a copper pipe interface and a copper pipe outlet which are coiled in an annular mode, the copper pipe interface and the copper pipe outlet are communicated with the inside of the cold and hot solution circulation copper pipe, and the outer end of the copper pipe interface extends out of the side face of the steel base.
Furthermore, the data acquisition module comprises a signal demodulator, a data acquisition card and a computer, and the data wire of the array type film pressure digital display sensor is led out by the lead leading-out channel and then is sequentially connected with the signal demodulator, the data acquisition card and the computer provided with the data acquisition system.
Furthermore, an annular protective cylinder groove is formed in the upper portion of the steel base, the bottom of the cylindrical steel sample cavity is embedded into the protective cylinder groove, and the top of the cylindrical steel sample cavity is matched and inserted into an annular groove formed in the steel sealing cover plate.
Furthermore, a round permeable stone is arranged above the water seepage port.
Furthermore, the sample cavity system is sealed in a self-locking mode through a self-locking counter-force system, the self-locking counter-force system comprises a flat nozzle hasp assembly and a waterproof rubber pad, the flat nozzle hasp assembly is used for achieving locking sealing between a steel sealing cover plate and the cylindrical steel sample cavity from the outside, and the waterproof rubber pad is arranged on the matching surface between the upper portion of the annular groove and the cylindrical steel sample cavity.
Further, the flat nozzle hasp component comprises a flat nozzle hasp pin and a flat nozzle hasp pin body, four flat nozzle hasp pin bodies are uniformly distributed on the outer annular surface of the upper portion of the cylindrical steel sample cavity in the circumferential direction, the flat nozzle hasp pin of an adaptive shape is arranged at the position, corresponding to each flat nozzle hasp pin body, of the steel sealing cover plate, and the flat nozzle hasp pin body are matched to fix and close the steel sealing cover plate on the cylindrical steel sample cavity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the expansive soil wet swelling-frost heaving force combined tester disclosed by the invention is reasonable in overall structural arrangement, wherein a sample cavity system is of a full-rigid structure, so that engineering design structures such as a slope rigid retaining structure and an anti-slide pile under an actual working condition can be simulated, and the change process of a sample is measured under a full-rigid constraint condition;
the array type film pressure digital display sensor is arranged close to the inner wall of the cylindrical steel sample cavity, the data acquisition module is matched for use, the force applied to the structure by the sample in the process of soaking and freezing can be measured in real time, the test result is not interfered by the external structure, the data result can provide theoretical guidance for the design and construction of engineering projects such as a slope rigid retaining structure, an anti-slide pile and the like, and the risks of damage, collapse, damage and the like of an expansive soil rigid constraint structure in a seasonal freezing area are effectively prevented;
the water inlet interface of the water injection system is connected with the water injection device, the water outlet interface is connected with the vacuum device, the water injection device and the vacuum device are matched to control the permeation rate of water together, and the measured data are more accurate.
2. The tester can directly obtain the relation of the expansive force of the expansive soil changing along with time through the array type film pressure digital display sensor, can also measure the relation of the frost heaving force changing along with the freezing time and the freezing temperature in the process of freezing-melting the expansive soil under different saturation conditions, has relatively accurate results, and provides important basis for the construction of expansive soil engineering in seasonal frozen areas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic left side view of a cylindrical steel sample chamber;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a cylindrical steel sample chamber;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a steel sealing cover plate;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a cylindrical steel sample chamber;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a steel base;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a copper tube through which a cold/hot solution flows;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the swelling soil wet swelling-frost heaving force combined tester;
wherein:
11-a steel sealing cover plate, 12-a cylindrical steel sample cavity, 13-a steel base, 14-a pile casing groove and 15-an annular groove;
21-round permeable stone, 22-water inlet interface, 23-water seepage interface, 24-water outlet interface and 25-vacuum device;
31-cold and hot solution flowing through a copper pipe, 32-a copper pipe interface and 33-a copper pipe outlet;
41-a lead leading-out channel, 42-a signal demodulator, 43-a data acquisition card, 44-a computer and 45-an array type film pressure digital display sensor;
51-waterproof rubber pad, 52-flat mouth buckle hook and 53-flat mouth buckle body.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but not limited thereto, and any modification or equivalent replacement of the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention shall be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to accurately measure the magnitude of force applied to a constraint structure by a sample in the processes of soaking expansion and freeze thawing under the condition of complete rigidity constraint and further provide accurate data support guidance for construction of engineering projects such as a slope rigid retaining structure, an anti-slide pile and the like, the embodiment discloses an expansive soil wet expansion-frost expansion force combined tester which comprises a sample cavity system, a self-locking counter force system, a water injection system, a temperature control system and a stress monitoring system;
the sample cavity system comprises a steel sealing cover plate 11, a cylindrical steel sample cavity 12 and a steel base 13 which are connected with each other in a matched mode, an annular protective cylinder groove 14 is formed above the steel base 13, the bottom of the cylindrical steel sample cavity 12 is embedded in the protective cylinder groove 14, and the top of the cylindrical steel sample cavity 12 is inserted into an annular groove 15 in the inner side of the steel sealing cover plate 11 in a matched mode;
the water injection system comprises a round permeable stone 21, a water inlet interface 22, a water seepage port 23, a water outlet interface 24 and a vacuum device 25, wherein the water inlet interface 22 is arranged on the side surface of the steel base 13, the water inlet interface 22 is used for being connected with the water injection device, the water seepage port 23 is arranged above the steel base 13, the water inlet interface 24 is communicated with the water seepage port 23, the round permeable stone 21 is arranged above the water seepage port 23 so that water can be uniformly soaked into a soil sample, the water outlet interface 24 is arranged on the steel sealing cover plate 11 and penetrates through the upper side surface and the lower side surface of the steel sealing cover plate 11, and the outer side end of the water outlet interface 24 is connected with the vacuum device 25 and used for being matched with the water.
The temperature control system is arranged at the lower part of the steel base 13 and comprises a cold and hot solution circulation copper pipe 31, a copper pipe interface 32 and a copper pipe outlet 33 which are coiled in an annular mode, the cold and hot solution circulation copper pipe 31 provides a cold source and a heat source for the steel base 13, particularly, freeze-thaw circulation can be realized by injecting cold and hot solutions with different temperatures into the copper pipe, and the process of unidirectional freezing of a sample from bottom to top can be realized.
The stress monitoring system comprises a lead leading-out channel 41, a signal demodulator 42, a data acquisition card 43, a computer 44, an array type film pressure digital display sensor 45 and a data line thereof, wherein the array type film pressure digital display sensor 45 is arranged in a manner of being coated by a ring surface and clinging to the inner wall of the cylindrical steel sample cavity 12, and the data line of the sensor is sequentially connected with the signal demodulator 42, the data acquisition card 43 and the computer 44 provided with the data acquisition system after being led out by the lead leading-out channel 41 so as to timely and effectively observe and integrate and analyze pressure change information received by the sensor.
The self-locking counter-force system comprises a flat nozzle buckle component and a waterproof rubber pad 51, the flat nozzle buckle component comprises a flat nozzle buckle 52 and a flat nozzle buckle body 53, four flat nozzle buckle body 53 are circumferentially and uniformly distributed on the outer annular surface of the upper part of the cylindrical steel sample cavity 12, a flat nozzle buckle 52 is arranged at a position, corresponding to each flat nozzle buckle body 53, on the steel sealing cover plate 11, the flat nozzle buckle 52 and the flat nozzle buckle body 53 are matched and used for fixing and closing the steel sealing cover plate 11 on the cylindrical steel sample cavity 12, the self-locking counter-force can be formed under the action of the expansion force and the frost expansion force of expansive soil, the number of the flat nozzle buckle components is not necessarily four, the self-locking counter-force can be adjusted according to actual needs, the limited number is only for more clearly describing the technical characteristics corresponding to the attached drawings, and the change of related number is not considered as the limitation of the technical characteristics, are intended to be included within the scope of this invention; waterproof rubber pad 51 is established in the fitting surface department of ring channel 15 top and cylindrical steel sample cavity 12, can further play waterproof sealing's effect in the test procedure, avoids causing unnecessary influence to the measuring accuracy.
The process of utilizing the tester to test the swelling soil wet swelling-frost heaving force is as follows:
1. after the steel sealing cover plate 11 is opened, the expansive soil is filled and filled in the cylindrical steel sample cavity 12, the circular permeable stone 21 is placed on the top surface of the soil sample and is tightly attached, then the steel sealing cover plate 11 is covered, the flat nozzle buckle body 53 and the flat nozzle buckle hook 52 are buckled relatively, the water injection device connected with the water inlet interface 22 and the vacuum device 25 connected with the water outlet interface 24 control the permeation rate and the stability of water together, and after the expansive soil is soaked and expanded, the array type film pressure digital display sensor 45 can obtain the relevant information of the expansive force of each position of the expansive soil sample changing along with time.
2. When the penetration is stable, namely the expansion force is kept constant, liquid nitrogen is injected into a cold and hot solution flowing copper pipe 31 at the lower part of the steel base 13 from a copper pipe interface 32, so that the sample is unidirectionally frozen from bottom to top, and at the moment, the data of the relation of the frost heaving force of each position of the expansive soil along with the change of the freezing time can be obtained through the array type film pressure digital display sensor 45; and then, the expansive soil is frozen and thawed by injecting hot bath liquid at a certain temperature into the hot and cold solution circulation copper pipe 31, so that the data of the variation relation of the frost heaving force along with the temperature can be obtained.
The whole sample cavity system disclosed in the embodiment is prepared from a rigid material, the sample volume is kept unchanged in the test process, and the real constraint state of a side slope rigid retaining structure such as a concrete slope protection framework, a gravity type retaining wall and a pile plate wall on a soil body can be simulated. Because the sample is under the complete rigid constraint condition in the test process, the acting force exerted on the constraint structure in the processes of soaking, expanding, freezing and melting of the expansive soil can be accurately measured, and the method has theoretical guiding significance for the design and construction of the slope rigid retaining structure and the slide-resistant pile under the actual working condition.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A swelling soil wet swelling-frost heaving force combined tester is characterized in that,
the device comprises a sample cavity system, a water injection system, a temperature control system and a stress monitoring system;
the sample cavity system comprises a steel sealing cover plate, a cylindrical steel sample cavity and a steel base which are in matched connection with each other;
the water injection system comprises a water inlet interface, a water seepage port, a water outlet interface and a vacuum device, wherein the water inlet interface is arranged on the side surface of the steel base, the water seepage port is arranged above the steel base and is communicated with the water seepage port, the water outlet interface is arranged on the steel sealing cover plate and longitudinally penetrates through the steel sealing cover plate, and the outer side end of the water outlet interface is connected with the vacuum device;
the stress monitoring system comprises a lead leading-out channel, an array type film pressure digital display sensor and a data acquisition module, wherein the array type film pressure digital display sensor is arranged close to the inner wall of the cylindrical steel sample cavity, and a data wire on the array type film pressure digital display sensor is connected with the data acquisition module after being led out from the lead leading-out channel.
2. The swelling soil swelling-frost heaving force combination tester as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature control system is installed at the lower part of the steel base, the temperature control system comprises a cold and hot solution circulating copper pipe, a copper pipe connector and a copper pipe outlet, the cold and hot solution circulating copper pipe, the copper pipe connector and the copper pipe outlet are both connected with the inside of the cold and hot solution circulating copper pipe, and the outer ends of the copper pipe connector and the copper pipe outlet extend out from the side surface of the steel base.
3. The swelling soil swelling-frost heaving force combined tester as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data acquisition module comprises a signal demodulator, a data acquisition card and a computer, and the data line of the array type thin film pressure digital display sensor is led out from the lead-out channel and then sequentially connected with the signal demodulator, the data acquisition card and the computer provided with the data acquisition system.
4. The swelling soil wet swelling-frost heaving force combination tester as claimed in claim 1, wherein an annular casing groove is provided above the steel base, the bottom of the cylindrical steel sample cavity is embedded in the casing groove, and the top of the cylindrical steel sample cavity is inserted in the annular groove of the steel sealing cover plate in a matching manner.
5. The swelling soil hygroexpansion-frost heaving force combination tester as claimed in claim 1, wherein a circular permeable stone is provided above the infiltration port.
6. The swelling soil wet swelling-frost heaving force combined tester as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sample cavity system is self-locking sealed by a self-locking counterforce system, the self-locking counterforce system comprises a flat nozzle hasp assembly and a waterproof rubber pad, the flat nozzle hasp assembly realizes locking sealing between the steel sealing cover plate and the cylindrical steel sample cavity from the outside, and the waterproof rubber pad is arranged above the annular groove and at the matching surface of the cylindrical steel sample cavity.
7. The joint tester for swelling and wet-swelling force and frost-heaving force of expansive soil of claim 6, wherein the flatnose fastener assembly comprises a flatnose fastener and flatnose fastener bodies, four flatnose fastener bodies are uniformly distributed on the outer circumferential surface of the upper part of the cylindrical steel sample cavity, an adaptive flatnose fastener is arranged at a position on the steel sealing cover plate corresponding to each flatnose fastener body, and the flatnose fastener bodies are matched to fix the steel sealing cover plate on the cylindrical steel sample cavity.
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| CN113898412A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2022-01-07 | 中铁十九局集团有限公司 | Freeze-induced expansion force monitoring method based on subway horizontal freezing |
| JP7299440B1 (en) | 2022-09-01 | 2023-06-27 | 中国有色金属工業昆明勘察設計研究院有限公司 | Deep Saturated Soft Tailing Raw Sample Freeze Expansion Test System and Method |
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