CN113049473A - Device and method for measuring rock-soil water supply degree and permeability coefficient - Google Patents

Device and method for measuring rock-soil water supply degree and permeability coefficient Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113049473A
CN113049473A CN202110359848.3A CN202110359848A CN113049473A CN 113049473 A CN113049473 A CN 113049473A CN 202110359848 A CN202110359848 A CN 202110359848A CN 113049473 A CN113049473 A CN 113049473A
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cylinder
water
pressure
measuring
liquid outlet
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王国义
刘秀争
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PowerChina Railway Construction Investment Group Co Ltd
PowerChina Chengdu Construction Investment Co Ltd
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PowerChina Railway Construction Investment Group Co Ltd
PowerChina Chengdu Construction Investment Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
    • G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
    • G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
    • G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring rock-soil water supply degree and permeability coefficient, wherein the device comprises a first measuring cylinder, a liquid inlet cylinder, an experiment cylinder, a liquid outlet cylinder and a second measuring cylinder; a liquid inlet pipeline is arranged between the first measuring cylinder and the liquid inlet cylinder, the liquid inlet pipeline comprises a low-position pipe section and a high-position pipe section, a constant delivery pump is mounted on the low-position pipe section, and a first pressure gauge and a first flow sensor are arranged on the high-position pipe section; a first pressure regulating overflow valve is arranged on the overflow pipeline; an upper filter plate is arranged between the liquid inlet cylinder and the experimental cylinder, and a lower filter plate is arranged between the experimental cylinder and the liquid outlet cylinder; and a second flow sensor, a second pressure gauge and a second pressure regulating overflow valve are arranged on the liquid outlet pipeline. The invention simulates the working condition of the water pressure of the gravity water on site through the test device, can accurately calculate the water supply degree and the permeability coefficient under different water pressures, and further can calculate the water seepage flow by adopting an optimized Darcy law formula.

Description

Device and method for measuring rock-soil water supply degree and permeability coefficient
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical test measurement, in particular to a device and a method for measuring the water supply degree and the permeability coefficient of rock and soil.
Background
Water supply degree and permeability coefficient are main parameters measured in an underground hydrological laboratory, a water supply degree meter is adopted for measuring the water supply degree in the laboratory at present, and a Darcy permeameter is adopted for measuring the permeability coefficient.
The definition of degree of water feed was first proposed by the soviet union, and from the point of view of groundwater supply, it is believed that degree of water feed is the ratio of the volume of water that a saturated medium can give under gravity drainage to the volume of porous medium. The weak combined water in the fine particle clay under the pressure can be converted into free water (namely gravity water), but the saturated soil in the water supply degree instrument is pressureless, and only the free water under the pressureless state can be measured, and the measured water supply degree has certain deviation with the water supply degree of the saturated soil under the pressure state.
Water supply degree is introduced into a paper of Wang Guo Yi and Jiang quan which are all under the saturated soil effective stress principle, so that the effective stress principle of the Taisha base is optimized, and the unified calculation of water and soil pressure calculation and cost is realized. For this reason, accurate measurement of the water content plays an important role in the calculation of the water and soil pressure. Similarly, the Darcy permeameter is also used for measuring the permeability coefficient of the rock and soil under low water pressure, and the permeability coefficient of the rock and soil under high water pressure cannot be measured. At present, a device is urgently needed to be designed, and the device can accurately measure the rock and soil water supply degree and the permeability coefficient under various water pressures.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a device and a method for measuring the water supply degree and the permeability coefficient of rock and soil, which realize the water pressure regulation of water inlet and water outlet and can accurately measure the water supply degree and the permeability coefficient of the rock and soil under various water pressures, namely high water pressure, medium water pressure and low water pressure. Meanwhile, the Darcy law is optimized by introducing a water supply degree parameter, and a new calculation method for the water seepage flow in the saturated soil is provided.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a rock-soil water supply degree and permeability coefficient measuring device comprises a first measuring cylinder, a liquid inlet cylinder, an experimental cylinder, a liquid outlet cylinder and a second measuring cylinder;
a liquid inlet pipeline is arranged between the first measuring cylinder and the liquid inlet cylinder, the liquid inlet pipeline comprises a low-position pipe section and a high-position pipe section, a constant delivery pump is mounted on the low-position pipe section, and a first pressure gauge and a first flow sensor are arranged on the high-position pipe section; the liquid inlet pipeline is also connected with an overflow pipeline, and a first pressure regulating overflow valve is installed on the overflow pipeline;
the experimental cylinder is arranged between the liquid inlet cylinder and the liquid outlet cylinder, an upper filter plate is arranged between the liquid inlet cylinder and the experimental cylinder, and a lower filter plate is arranged between the experimental cylinder and the liquid outlet cylinder; a liquid outlet pipeline is arranged between the liquid outlet cylinder and the second measuring cylinder, and a second flow sensor, a second pressure gauge and a second pressure regulating overflow valve are installed on the liquid outlet pipeline.
Preferably, the low level pipe section is further provided with a first stop valve.
Preferably, a third stop valve is mounted on the high-level pipe section of the liquid inlet pipeline.
Preferably, the low-level pipe section of the liquid inlet pipeline is connected with a first liquid discharging pipeline, and a second stop valve is installed on the first liquid discharging pipeline.
Preferably, the liquid outlet pipeline is further provided with a fifth stop valve.
Preferably, the mounting position of the liquid discharge cylinder is higher than the mounting position of the second measuring cylinder. The installation height of the liquid outlet cylinder is based on the fact that liquid in the liquid outlet cylinder can smoothly (under the action of gravity) flow into the second measuring cylinder.
Preferably, one end of the liquid outlet pipeline is connected with the bottom of the liquid outlet cylinder, and the other end of the liquid outlet pipe is arranged above the second measuring cylinder.
An operation method of a device for measuring the rock-soil water supply degree and permeability coefficient comprises the following steps:
and (3) mounting of a soil sample: a lower filter plate is arranged above the liquid outlet cylinder, water filtering cloth is arranged above the lower filter plate, then a soil sample is filled into the experiment cylinder, the experiment cylinder is required to be completely and compactly filled, no gap exists between the soil sample and the wall of the experiment cylinder, the upper filter plate is arranged, the water filtering cloth is arranged on the upper filter plate, then a liquid inlet cylinder is arranged, and related pipelines are arranged;
the measuring process and the calculating method of the water supply degree comprise the following steps: the water in the first measuring cylinder enters the liquid inlet cylinder through the constant delivery pump, the first pressure gauge and the first flow sensor, is immersed into the soil sample through the water filtering cloth and the upper filter plate and permeates downwards;
water permeating the soil sample enters the liquid outlet cylinder through the water filtering cloth and the lower filter plate, and when the water pressure in the liquid outlet cylinder exceeds the overflow pressure of the second pressure regulating overflow valve, the water overflows into the second measuring cylinder through the second flow sensor, the second pressure gauge and the second pressure regulating overflow valve;
the overflow pressure of the first pressure regulating overflow valve and the overflow pressure of the second pressure regulating overflow valve are regulated to be the gravity water pressure required by the soil sample (the pressure value is read by the first pressure gauge and the second pressure gauge), the soil sample is fully saturated, and the third stop valve and the fifth stop valve are closed after the soil sample is fully saturated;
the hydraulic oil is filled in the first measuring cylinder, then the constant delivery pump is started, the closed third stop valve and the closed fifth stop valve are opened, the overflow pressure of the first pressure regulating overflow valve is increased (the increase range is 0.01-0.02Mpa), the hydraulic oil enters the soil sample to squeeze the gravity water, the water in the liquid inlet cylinder, the soil sample and the liquid outlet cylinder overflows into the second measuring cylinder, the constant delivery pump is stopped after the gravity water in the liquid inlet cylinder, the soil sample and the liquid outlet cylinder is replaced by the hydraulic oil, and the water volume in the second measuring cylinder can be directly read out because the water and the hydraulic oil are not mixed.
A method for calculating the water supply of rock and soil features that the volume of liquid inlet cylinder is VIntoVolume of the liquid outlet cylinder is VGo outVolume of the experimental cylinder is VFruit of Chinese wolfberryThe volume of the gravity water in the second measuring cylinder is VWater (W)And the water supply degree is m, and the rock-soil water supply degree under the water pressure working condition can be calculated according to the water supply degree definition:
m＝(Vwater (W)-VInto-VGo out)/VFruit of Chinese wolfberry。
A rock-soil permeability coefficient calculation method adopts a water saturated soil sample, and a third stop valve and a fifth stop valve are closed after the soil sample is fully saturated;
starting the constant delivery pump, opening the closed third stop valve and the closed sixth stop valve, adjusting the overflow pressure of the first pressure regulating overflow valve to the upper water head pressure, adjusting the overflow pressure of the second pressure regulating overflow valve to the lower water head pressure to form an upper water head difference and a lower water head difference (the water head difference is not lower than 0.1Mpa), reading the water head pressure by the first pressure gauge and the second pressure gauge, and waiting for the water flow of the first flow sensor and the water flow of the second flow sensor in unit time to be basically equal (the difference value is not more than 0.001 m)3/h) And recording the upper and lower water head pressures and two flow values after the flow is stable.
Setting the water head pressure of a first pressure regulating overflow valve as h2The water head pressure of the second pressure regulating overflow valve is h1The length of the experimental cylinder is L, the water flow (average value of two flow sensor values) in unit time is Q, and the area of the gravity water channel in the circular area of the experimental cylinder is m2/ 3A, setting the permeability coefficient in the optimized Darcy law as K1；
The optimized Darcy's law formula is as follows:
Q＝K1m2/3A(h2-h1)/L，
at this time, the permeability coefficient can be calculated:
K1＝QL/(m2/3A(h2-h1))。
the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a device and a method for measuring the water supply degree and permeability coefficient of rock and soil. On-site gravity water pressure is simulated through the test device, and the gravity water in the saturated soil is completely replaced by hydraulic oil on the premise that the water pressure is unchanged, so that the water supply degree is accurately measured. And on the premise of measuring the water supply degree, the upper and lower water head pressure values are adjusted. And calculating the permeability coefficient through parameters such as a flow sensor value, a water supply degree and the like, and further calculating the water seepage flow under different water head differences through an optimized Darcy law. The measuring device is suitable for measuring the water supply degree and the permeability coefficient of all types of soil under different water pressure working conditions.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a feedwater degree and permeability coefficient measuring apparatus;
in the figure, 1-a first support, 2-a first measuring cylinder, 3-a constant displacement pump, 4-a first stop valve, 5-a second stop valve, 6-a first pressure regulating overflow valve, 7-a first pressure gauge, 8-a first flow sensor, 9-a third stop valve, 10-a liquid inlet cylinder, 11-an upper filter plate, 12-a fourth stop valve, 13-an experimental cylinder, 14-a lower filter plate, 15-a liquid outlet cylinder, 16-a fifth stop valve, 17-a second flow sensor, 18-a second pressure gauge, 19-a second pressure regulating overflow valve, 20-a second measuring cylinder, 21-a sixth stop valve, 22-a second support and 23-a third support.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms indicating an orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, unless otherwise specifically stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "fixed" should be construed broadly and include, for example, fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral parts; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the presence of a first feature above or below a second feature may encompass both the first and second features being in direct contact, and also may encompass both the first and second features being in contact, not being in direct contact, but rather being in contact with another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being above, on or above the second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or merely means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. Including a first feature being directly below and obliquely below a second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature, if present below, under or below the second feature.
Example one
As shown in figure 1, the device for measuring the rock-soil water supply degree and the permeability coefficient comprises a first measuring cylinder 2, a liquid inlet cylinder 10, an experimental cylinder 13, a liquid outlet cylinder 15 and a second measuring cylinder 20;
a liquid inlet pipeline is arranged between the first measuring cylinder 2 and the liquid inlet cylinder 10, the liquid inlet pipeline comprises a low-position pipe section and a high-position pipe section, a constant delivery pump 3 is installed on the low-position pipe section, and a first pressure gauge 7 and a first flow sensor 8 are arranged on the high-position pipe section; the liquid inlet pipeline is also connected with an overflow pipeline, and a first pressure regulating overflow valve 6 is installed on the overflow pipeline;
the experimental cylinder 13 is arranged between the liquid inlet cylinder 10 and the liquid outlet cylinder 15, the upper filter plate 11 is arranged between the liquid inlet cylinder 10 and the experimental cylinder 13, and the lower filter plate 14 is arranged between the experimental cylinder 13 and the liquid outlet cylinder 15; a liquid outlet pipeline is arranged between the liquid outlet cylinder 15 and the second measuring cylinder 20, and a second flow sensor 17, a second pressure gauge 18 and a second pressure regulating overflow valve 19 are installed on the liquid outlet pipeline.
The measuring device is suitable for measuring the water supply degree and the permeability coefficient under the working conditions of all types of soil and different water pressures, and is worthy of being popularized and applied in the global range.
Example two
On the basis of the first embodiment, the present embodiment is modified in some details.
The low-level pipe section is also provided with a first stop valve 4. And a third stop valve 9 is arranged on the high-level pipe section of the liquid inlet pipeline.
The low-order pipeline section of liquid inlet pipe way connects first tapping pipeline, and installation second stop valve 5 on the first tapping pipeline. The liquid outlet line is also provided with a fifth stop valve 16. The mounting position of the liquid discharge cylinder 15 is higher than the mounting position of the second measuring cylinder 20. The mounting height of the liquid outlet cylinder 15 is determined to ensure that the liquid in the liquid outlet cylinder 15 can smoothly flow into the second measuring cylinder 20. One end of the liquid outlet pipe is connected with the bottom of the liquid outlet cylinder 15, and the other end of the liquid outlet pipe is arranged above the second measuring cylinder 20.
The bottom of the liquid inlet cylinder 10 is connected with a second liquid discharging pipeline, and a fourth stop valve 12 is installed on the second liquid discharging pipeline.
The bottom of the second measuring cylinder 20 is connected with a third liquid discharging pipeline, and a sixth stop valve 21 is installed on the third liquid discharging pipeline.
Through the change, many control problems of the whole device are solved, for example, the on-off of the related pipeline can be controlled through the first stop valve 4 or other stop valves. Through the drainage pipeline, the liquid can be discharged more efficiently, so that the whole device is more beneficial to maintenance.
EXAMPLE III
In order to secure the height of the mounting part, the following settings are made: a first bracket 1 is arranged below the first measuring cylinder 2; a second bracket 22 is arranged below the liquid outlet cylinder 15; a third support 23 is provided below the second measuring cylinder 20.
Example four
An operation method of a device for measuring the rock-soil water supply degree and permeability coefficient comprises the following steps:
and (3) mounting of a soil sample: a lower filter plate 14 is arranged above the liquid outlet cylinder 15, a water filtering cloth is arranged above the lower filter plate 14, then a soil sample (an original-state soil sample taken on site) is loaded into the experiment cylinder 13, the experiment cylinder 13 is required to be completely filled with the soil sample, no gap exists between the soil sample and the wall of the experiment cylinder 13, an upper filter plate 11 is arranged (the soil sample is compacted according to the original-state soil compaction degree), the water filtering cloth is arranged on the upper filter plate 11, then a liquid inlet cylinder 10 is arranged, and related pipelines are arranged;
the measuring process and the calculating method of the water supply degree comprise the following steps: the water in the first measuring cylinder 2 is filled, the constant delivery pump 3 is started, the water in the first measuring cylinder 2 enters the liquid inlet cylinder 10 through the first stop valve 4, the constant delivery pump 3, the first pressure gauge 7, the first flow sensor 8 and the third stop valve 9, and is immersed in the soil sample through the water filtering cloth and the upper filter plate 11 and permeates downwards;
water permeating the soil sample enters the liquid outlet cylinder 15 through the water filtering cloth and the lower filter plate 14, and when the water pressure in the liquid outlet cylinder 15 exceeds the overflow pressure of the second pressure regulating overflow valve 19, the water overflows into the second measuring cylinder 20 through the fifth stop valve 16, the second flow sensor 17, the second pressure gauge 18 and the second pressure regulating overflow valve 19;
the overflow pressure of the first pressure-regulating overflow valve 6 and the overflow pressure of the second pressure-regulating overflow valve 19 are both regulated to be the gravity water pressure required by the soil sample (the pressure values are read by the first pressure gauge 7 and the second pressure gauge 18), the soil sample is fully saturated, and the third stop valve 9 and the fifth stop valve 16 are closed after the soil sample is fully saturated;
and cleaning the water in the first measuring cylinder 2 and the second measuring cylinder 20. The hydraulic oil is filled in the first measuring cylinder 2, then the constant delivery pump 3 is started, the closed third stop valve 9 and the closed fifth stop valve 16 are opened, the overflow pressure of the first pressure regulating overflow valve 6 is slightly increased (the increase range is 0.01-0.02Mpa), the hydraulic oil enters the soil sample to squeeze the gravity water, the water in the liquid inlet cylinder 10, the soil sample and the liquid outlet cylinder 15 overflows into the second measuring cylinder 20, the constant delivery pump 3 is stopped after the gravity water in the liquid inlet cylinder 10, the soil sample and the liquid outlet cylinder 15 is replaced by the hydraulic oil, and the volume of the water in the second measuring cylinder 20 can be directly read out because the water and the hydraulic oil are not mixed.
EXAMPLE five
A rock-soil water supply calculation method is characterized in that the volume of a liquid inlet cylinder 10 is set to be VIntoThe volume of the liquid outlet cylinder 15 is VGo outVolume of the experimental cylinder 13 is VFruit of Chinese wolfberryThe volume of gravity water in the second measuring cylinder 20 is VWater (W)And the water supply degree is m, and the rock-soil water supply degree under the water pressure working condition can be calculated according to the water supply degree definition:
m＝(Vwater (W)-VInto-VGo out)/VFruit of Chinese wolfberry。
EXAMPLE six
A rock permeability coefficient calculation method adopts a water saturation soil sample according to a water supply degree measurement process method, and a third stop valve 9 and a fifth stop valve 16 are closed after the soil sample is fully saturated;
the water in the second measuring cylinder 20 is cleaned. Then the constant delivery pump 3 is started, the closed third stop valve 9 and the closed sixth stop valve 21 are opened, the overflow pressure of the first pressure regulating overflow valve 6 is slowly regulated to the upper water head pressure, the overflow pressure of the second pressure regulating overflow valve 19 is slowly regulated to the lower water head pressure, an upper water head difference and a lower water head difference are formed (the water head difference is not lower than 0.1Mpa), the water head pressure is read through the first pressure gauge 7 and the second pressure gauge 18, and when the water flow of the first flow sensor 8 and the water flow of the second flow sensor 17 in unit time are basically equal (the difference value is not more than 03And h), recording the pressure of an upper water head and a lower water head and two flow values after the flow is stable, recording the water flow values for multiple times by adopting different water head differences, and calculating the average permeability coefficient of the soil sample. If the seepage flow under a specific working condition needs to be calculated, the permeability coefficient can be directly measured under the working condition, and the water seepage flow can be calculated more accurately.
The pressure of a 6 water head of the first pressure regulating overflow valve is set to be h2The 19 water head pressure of the second pressure regulating overflow valve is h1The length of the experimental cylinder 13 is L, the water flow (the average value of two flow sensor values) in unit time is Q, the permeability coefficient in Darcy's law is K, and the circular area of the experimental cylinder 13 is A;
according to the Darcy's law formula, the method comprises the following steps:
Q＝KA(h2-h1)/L，
however, the area in this formula is not the gravity water channel area, but the cross-sectional area of the soil sample and the gravity water, and should be optimized. The area of the gravity water channel in the 13-circle area of the experimental cylinder is m2/3A, setting the permeability coefficient in the optimized Darcy law as K1；
The optimized Darcy's law formula is as follows:
Q＝K1m2/3A(h2-h1)/L，
the permeability coefficient (optimized Darcy's law formula permeability coefficient) can be calculated at this time:
K1＝QL/(m2/3A(h2-h1))。
coefficient of permeability K1After accurate calculation, the water seepage flow can be accurately calculated according to an optimized Darcy law formula.
EXAMPLE seven
The utility model provides a measurement device of ground feedwater degree and osmotic coefficient, mainly includes parts such as first graduated flask 2, constant delivery pump 3, first pressure regulating overflow valve 6, first manometer 7, first flow sensor 8, feed cylinder 10, go up filter plate 11, a laboratory cylinder 13, lower filter plate 14, go out liquid cylinder 15, second flow sensor 17, second manometer 18, second pressure regulating overflow valve 19, second graduated flask 20, stop valve and relevant pipeline. In order to control the on-off between the component and the pipeline, a first stop valve 4, a second stop valve 5, a third stop valve 9, a fourth stop valve 12, a fifth stop valve 16 and a sixth stop valve 21 are arranged. In order to secure the height of the mounting member, a first bracket 1 (mounted below the first measuring cylinder 2), a second bracket 22 (mounted below the liquid discharge cylinder 15), and a third bracket 23 (mounted below the second measuring cylinder 20) are provided. The liquid inlet cylinder 10, the experiment cylinder 13 and the liquid outlet cylinder 15 are all round transparent cylinders and can bear required pressure. And water filtering cloth is arranged above the upper filter plate 11 and the lower filter plate 14, and soil-like particles of the water filtering cloth can not pass through but only can pass through water or hydraulic oil.
And (3) mounting of a soil sample: the lower filter plate 14 is arranged above the liquid outlet cylinder 15, the water filtering cloth is arranged above the lower filter plate 14, then a soil sample (an original-state soil sample taken on site) is put into the experiment cylinder 13, the experiment cylinder 13 is required to be completely filled, the soil sample is not in clearance with the wall of the experiment cylinder 13, the upper filter plate 11 is arranged (the soil sample is compressed according to the original-state soil compactness), the water filtering cloth is arranged on the upper filter plate 11, and finally the liquid inlet cylinder 10 is arranged, and related pipelines are arranged.
The measuring process and the calculating method of the water supply degree comprise the following steps: the first measuring cylinder 2 is filled with water, the constant delivery pump 3 is started, the water in the first measuring cylinder 2 enters the liquid inlet cylinder 10 through the first stop valve 4, the constant delivery pump 3, the first pressure gauge 7, the first flow sensor 8 and the third stop valve 9, is immersed in a soil sample through the water filtering cloth and the upper filter plate 11 and permeates downwards,
the water permeating the soil sample enters the liquid outlet cylinder 15 through the water filtering cloth and the lower filter plate 14, and when the water pressure in the liquid outlet cylinder 15 exceeds the overflow pressure of the second pressure regulating overflow valve 19, the water overflows into the second measuring cylinder 20 through the fifth stop valve 16, the second flow sensor 17, the second pressure gauge 18 and the second pressure regulating overflow valve 19.
The overflow pressure of the first pressure regulating overflow valve 6 and the overflow pressure of the second pressure regulating overflow valve 19 are regulated to be the gravity water pressure required by the soil sample (the pressure value is read by the first pressure gauge 7 and the second pressure gauge 18), the soil sample is fully saturated, and the third stop valve 9 and the fifth stop valve 16 are closed after the soil sample is fully saturated.
And cleaning the water in the first measuring cylinder 2 and the second measuring cylinder 20. The hydraulic oil is filled in the first measuring cylinder 2, then the constant delivery pump 3 is started, the closed third stop valve 9 and the closed fifth stop valve 16 are opened, the overflow pressure of the first pressure regulating overflow valve 6 is slightly increased, the hydraulic oil enters the soil sample to squeeze the gravity water, the water in the liquid inlet cylinder 10, the soil sample and the liquid outlet cylinder 15 overflows into the second measuring cylinder 20, the constant delivery pump 3 is stopped after the gravity water in the liquid inlet cylinder 10, the soil sample and the liquid outlet cylinder 15 is completely replaced by the hydraulic oil, and the volume of the water in the second measuring cylinder 20 can be directly read out because the water and the hydraulic oil are not mixed.
The volume of the liquid inlet cylinder 10 is set as VIntoThe volume of the liquid outlet cylinder 15 is VGo outVolume of the experimental cylinder 13 is VFruit of Chinese wolfberryThe volume of gravity water in the second measuring cylinder 20 is VWater (W)And the water supply degree is m, and the rock-soil water supply degree under the water pressure working condition can be calculated according to the water supply degree definition:
m＝(Vwater (W)-VInto-VGo out)/VFruit of Chinese wolfberry
The measuring process and the calculating method of the permeability coefficient are as follows: and (3) adopting a water saturation soil sample according to a water supply degree measuring process method, and closing the third stop valve 9 and the fifth stop valve 16 after the soil sample is fully saturated. The water in the second measuring cylinder 20 is cleaned. And then starting the constant delivery pump 3, opening the closed third stop valve 9 and the closed sixth stop valve 21, slowly adjusting the overflow pressure of the first pressure-regulating overflow valve 6 to the upper water head pressure, slowly adjusting the overflow pressure of the second pressure-regulating overflow valve 19 to the lower water head pressure to form an upper and lower water head difference (the water head difference is not less than 0.1Mpa), reading the water head pressure through the first pressure gauge 7 and the second pressure gauge 18, recording the upper and lower water head pressures and the two flow values after the water flow of the first flow sensor 8 and the second flow sensor 17 in unit time is basically equal, recording the water flow values by adopting different water head differences for multiple times, and calculating the average permeability coefficient of the soil sample.
The pressure of a 6 water head of the first pressure regulating overflow valve is set to be h2The 19 water head pressure of the second pressure regulating overflow valve is h1The length of the experimental cylinder 13 is L, the water flow rate (the average value of two flow sensor values) in unit time is Q, the permeability coefficient in Darcy's law is K, and the circular area of the experimental cylinder 13 is A.
According to the Darcy's law formula, the method comprises the following steps:
Q＝KA(h2-h1)/L，
however, the area in this formula is not the gravity water channel area, but the cross-sectional area of the soil sample and the gravity water, and should be optimized. According to the Wang's Law, the area of the gravity water channel in the 13-circle area of the experimental cylinder is m2/3A, setting the permeability coefficient in the optimized Darcy law as K1。
The optimized Darcy's law formula is as follows:
Q＝K1m2/3A(h2-h1)/L，
the permeability coefficient (optimized Darcy's law formula permeability coefficient) can be calculated at this time:
K1＝QL/(m2/3A(h2-h1))。
because the water supply degrees of the fine-particle clay and the dense soil are extremely low, the gravity water in the soil sample can be replaced in a long time when the water supply degree is measured.
The water supply degree and the permeability coefficient are different under the conditions of different types of soil and different gravity water pressure (or different water head pressure differences). In the indoor test, an undisturbed soil sample is required to be adopted, the on-site water pressure working condition is simulated to the maximum extent, the water supply degree and the permeability coefficient are measured and calculated for many times, and powerful support is provided for calculation of water and soil pressure and water seepage flow in saturated soil. In conclusion, according to the indoor tests on the undisturbed soil sample, the water supply degree and the permeability coefficient of the undisturbed soil under different water pressures can be accurately calculated, and the optimized Darcy's law formula can help accurately calculate the water seepage flow in the saturated soil.
The foregoing is illustrative only of the principles and functions of the apparatus and method for measuring rock and soil freeness and permeability of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention to the exact construction and applications shown and described, and accordingly, all modifications and equivalents that may be resorted to are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a ground feedwater degree and osmotic coefficient measuring device which characterized in that: comprises a first measuring cylinder, a liquid inlet cylinder, an experimental cylinder, a liquid outlet cylinder and a second measuring cylinder;
a liquid inlet pipeline is arranged between the first measuring cylinder and the liquid inlet cylinder, the liquid inlet pipeline comprises a low-position pipe section and a high-position pipe section, a constant delivery pump is mounted on the low-position pipe section, and a first pressure gauge and a first flow sensor are arranged on the high-position pipe section; the liquid inlet pipeline is also connected with an overflow pipeline, and a first pressure regulating overflow valve is installed on the overflow pipeline;
the experimental cylinder is arranged between the liquid inlet cylinder and the liquid outlet cylinder, an upper filter plate is arranged between the liquid inlet cylinder and the experimental cylinder, and a lower filter plate is arranged between the experimental cylinder and the liquid outlet cylinder; a liquid outlet pipeline is arranged between the liquid outlet cylinder and the second measuring cylinder, and a second flow sensor, a second pressure gauge and a second pressure regulating overflow valve are installed on the liquid outlet pipeline.
2. The device for measuring the rock-soil water degree and permeability coefficient according to claim 1, characterized in that: the low-level pipe section is also provided with a first stop valve.
3. The geotechnical water degree and permeability coefficient measuring device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: and a third stop valve is arranged on the high-level pipe section of the liquid inlet pipeline.
4. The geotechnical water degree and permeability coefficient measuring device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the low-level pipe section of the liquid inlet pipeline is connected with a first liquid discharging pipeline, and a second stop valve is installed on the first liquid discharging pipeline.
5. The device for measuring the rock-soil water degree and permeability coefficient according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the liquid outlet pipeline is also provided with a fifth stop valve.
6. The geotechnical water degree and permeability coefficient measuring device according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: the mounting position of the liquid outlet cylinder is higher than that of the second measuring cylinder.
7. The geotechnical water degree and permeability coefficient measuring device according to claim 6, characterized in that: one end of the liquid outlet pipeline is connected with the bottom of the liquid outlet cylinder, and the other end of the liquid outlet pipe is arranged above the second measuring cylinder.
8. An operation method of a device for measuring rock-soil water supply degree and permeability coefficient is characterized in that:
and (3) mounting of a soil sample: a lower filter plate is arranged above the liquid outlet cylinder, water filtering cloth is arranged above the lower filter plate, then a soil sample is filled into the experiment cylinder, the experiment cylinder is required to be completely and compactly filled, no gap exists between the soil sample and the wall of the experiment cylinder, the upper filter plate is arranged, the water filtering cloth is arranged on the upper filter plate, then a liquid inlet cylinder is arranged, and related pipelines are arranged;
the measuring process and the calculating method of the water supply degree comprise the following steps: the water in the first measuring cylinder enters the liquid inlet cylinder through the constant delivery pump, the first pressure gauge and the first flow sensor, is immersed into the soil sample through the water filtering cloth and the upper filter plate and permeates downwards;
water permeating the soil sample enters the liquid outlet cylinder through the water filtering cloth and the lower filter plate, and when the water pressure in the liquid outlet cylinder exceeds the overflow pressure of the second pressure regulating overflow valve, the water overflows into the second measuring cylinder through the second flow sensor, the second pressure gauge and the second pressure regulating overflow valve;
the overflow pressure of the first pressure regulating overflow valve and the overflow pressure of the second pressure regulating overflow valve are regulated to be the gravity water pressure required by the soil sample, the soil sample is fully saturated, and the third stop valve and the fifth stop valve are closed after the soil sample is fully saturated;
the hydraulic oil is filled in the first measuring cylinder, then the quantitative pump is started, the closed third stop valve and the closed fifth stop valve are opened, the overflow pressure of the first pressure regulating overflow valve is increased, the hydraulic oil enters the soil sample to squeeze away gravity water, the water in the liquid inlet cylinder, the soil sample and the liquid outlet cylinder overflows into the second measuring cylinder, and the quantitative pump is stopped after the gravity water in the liquid inlet cylinder, the soil sample and the liquid outlet cylinder is replaced by the hydraulic oil.
9. A rock-soil water supply degree calculation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the volume of the liquid inlet cylinder is set as VIntoVolume of the liquid outlet cylinder is VGo outVolume of the experimental cylinder is VFruit of Chinese wolfberryThe volume of the gravity water in the second measuring cylinder is VWater (W)And the water supply degree is m, and the rock-soil water supply degree under the water pressure working condition can be calculated according to the water supply degree definition:
m＝(Vwater (W)-VInto-VGo out)/VFruit of Chinese wolfberry。
10. A rock-soil permeability coefficient calculation method is characterized in that: adopting a water saturated soil sample, and closing the third stop valve and the fifth stop valve after the soil sample is fully saturated;
starting the constant delivery pump, opening the closed third stop valve and the closed sixth stop valve, adjusting the overflow pressure of the first pressure regulating overflow valve to the upper water head pressure, adjusting the overflow pressure of the second pressure regulating overflow valve to the lower water head pressure to form an upper and lower water head difference, reading the water head pressure through the first pressure gauge and the second pressure gauge, and recording the upper and lower water head pressures and flow values after the water flow of the first flow sensor and the second flow sensor in unit time is basically equal;
setting the water head pressure of a first pressure regulating overflow valve as h2The water head pressure of the second pressure regulating overflow valve is h1The length of the experimental cylinder is L, the water flow in unit time is Q, the permeability coefficient in Darcy's law is K, and the circular area of the experimental cylinder is A;
the area of the gravity water channel in the area of the circle of the experimental cylinder is m2/3A, setting optimized daPermeability coefficient of K in Western law1；
The optimized Darcy's law formula is as follows:
Q＝K1m2/3A(h2-h1)/L，
the permeability coefficient can now be calculated:
K1＝QL/(m2/3A(h2-h1))。
CN202110359848.3A 2021-04-02 2021-04-02 Device and method for measuring rock-soil water supply degree and permeability coefficient Pending CN113049473A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110359848.3A CN113049473A (en) 2021-04-02 2021-04-02 Device and method for measuring rock-soil water supply degree and permeability coefficient

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110359848.3A CN113049473A (en) 2021-04-02 2021-04-02 Device and method for measuring rock-soil water supply degree and permeability coefficient

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN113049473A true CN113049473A (en) 2021-06-29

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202110359848.3A Pending CN113049473A (en) 2021-04-02 2021-04-02 Device and method for measuring rock-soil water supply degree and permeability coefficient

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN113049473A (en)

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