CN113048191B - Three-dimensional low-frequency broadband seismic metamaterial tree based on tree bionics - Google Patents
Three-dimensional low-frequency broadband seismic metamaterial tree based on tree bionics Download PDFInfo
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- CN113048191B CN113048191B CN202110263269.9A CN202110263269A CN113048191B CN 113048191 B CN113048191 B CN 113048191B CN 202110263269 A CN202110263269 A CN 202110263269A CN 113048191 B CN113048191 B CN 113048191B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
- F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
- F16F15/06—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means with metal springs
- F16F15/067—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means with metal springs using only wound springs
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
- E04H12/02—Structures made of specified materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/22—Compensation of inertia forces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2228/00—Functional characteristics, e.g. variability, frequency-dependence
- F16F2228/06—Stiffness
- F16F2228/063—Negative stiffness
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
- F16F2230/0094—Magnifying a physical effect
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Abstract
The invention provides a tree-bionic-based three-dimensional low-frequency broadband seismic metamaterial tree, which comprises a bionic trunk and a bionic crown arranged on the bionic trunk, wherein the bionic crown internally comprises a transverse structure and a vertical structure; the vertical structure comprises first resonant mass blocks, the first resonant mass blocks are fixed on the bionic trunk in a sliding mode, the upper portion and the lower portion of each first resonant mass block are respectively provided with a limiting block, each first resonant mass block is connected with a first negative stiffness spring and a first main spring, and an inertia amplification device is arranged on the outer side of each first main spring; the transverse structure comprises second resonance mass blocks, each second resonance block is connected with two second negative stiffness springs and a second main spring, and two inertia amplification devices are arranged on the outer side of each second main spring. Based on a three-dimensional seismic metamaterial tree body structure, the three-dimensional seismic metamaterial tree structure has low-frequency broadband three-dimensional protection performance by introducing a negative stiffness and inertia amplification mechanism with low-frequency characteristics and a collision effect with broadband characteristics.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a damping device, in particular to a tree-based bionic three-dimensional low-frequency broadband seismic metamaterial tree.
Background
Earthquakes are unavoidable natural phenomena, serious harm is caused to human beings in various modes, the arrival of the earthquakes cannot be predicted by the current technological level, and what we can do is to improve the building earthquake resistance grade and make defensive measures. The seismic metamaterial is used for regulating and controlling modes such as refraction, reflection, attenuation and the like of seismic waves, and a brand-new solution is provided for seismic engineering. The protection requirements of the seismic metamaterial are considered aiming at the characteristics of complex incident direction uncertainty, low frequency and wide range of seismic wave components, a plurality of problems still exist in the existing research, the problems are centrally shown in that the vibration reduction dimension is single, the effective frequency band is not wide enough, and the ultra-low frequency regulation and control are still insufficient, and the problems bring difficulties for the design of seismic engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tree-based bionic three-dimensional low-frequency broadband seismic metamaterial tree based on three-dimensional protection requirements.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
a three-dimensional low-frequency broadband seismic metamaterial tree based on tree bionics comprises a bionic trunk and a bionic crown arranged on the bionic trunk, wherein the bionic crown is a circular shell which is layered from top to bottom, and a transverse structure and a vertical structure are arranged inside the bionic crown; the vertical structure comprises first resonant mass blocks, the first resonant mass blocks are fixed on the bionic trunk in a sliding mode, the upper portion and the lower portion of each first resonant mass block are respectively provided with a limiting block, each first resonant mass block is connected with a first negative stiffness spring and a first main spring, and an inertia amplification device is arranged on the outer side of each first main spring; the transverse structure comprises second resonant mass blocks, each second resonant mass block is connected with two second negative stiffness springs and two second main springs, and two inertia amplification devices are arranged on the outer sides of the second main springs.
The invention also includes such features:
1. the inertia amplifying device consists of an upper connecting rod and a lower connecting rod which are hinged with each other, and a ball screw inertia amplifier is hinged between the upper connecting rod and the lower connecting rod;
2. four first resonant mass blocks and four second resonant mass blocks are arranged;
3. the bionic trunk is provided with a guide rail, and the guide rail is matched with the first resonance mass block and the second resonance mass block.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
based on a three-dimensional seismic metamaterial tree body structure, the three-dimensional seismic metamaterial tree structure has low-frequency broadband three-dimensional protection performance by introducing a negative rigidity and inertia amplification mechanism with low-frequency characteristics and a collision effect with broadband characteristics;
under the small-amplitude excitation, the system is protected through a negative rigidity and inertia amplification mechanism; under the excitation of large amplitude, the resonance mass reaches the position of the limiting block and collides with the limiting block, so that a broadband effect based on a chaotic band mechanism is generated, and a wide band gap can be greatly widened.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view (vertical) of the construction of the apparatus;
FIG. 2 is an inertial magnification device;
FIG. 3 is a top view (horizontal) of the device structure;
FIG. 4 is a front view of a seismic metamaterial tree seismic barrier;
FIG. 5 is a top view of a seismic metamaterial tree seismic barrier;
the bionic tree trunk comprises a bionic tree trunk 1, a bionic tree crown 2, a limiting block 3, a first resonance mass block 4, a first negative stiffness spring 5, a first main spring 6, a first inertia amplifying device 7, an upper connecting rod 8, a lower connecting rod 9, a shell 10, a lead screw 11, a nut 12, a screw rod 13, a second resonance mass block 14, a second main spring 15, a second negative stiffness spring 16 and a second inertia amplifying device 17.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention simulates a natural tree which is proved to have seismic wave protection effect, and based on a three-dimensional seismic metamaterial tree body structure, the natural tree simultaneously has low-frequency broadband three-dimensional protection performance by introducing a negative rigidity and inertia amplification mechanism with low-frequency characteristic and a collision effect with broadband characteristic.
Based on the three-dimensional protection requirement, as shown in fig. 1, the bionic natural tree is designed into a three-dimensional earthquake metamaterial unit cell structure, the inside of the bionic natural tree is composed of a transverse structure and a vertical structure, the transverse structure is used for absorbing earthquake waves with horizontal direction components, and the vertical structure is used for absorbing earthquake waves with vertical direction components. The horizontal direction and the vertical direction realize the protection function of the low-frequency broadband by introducing a negative rigidity and inertia amplification mechanism with low-frequency characteristics and a collision effect with broadband characteristics.
The vertical structure is shown in figure 1, the resonance mass block can be fixed on the bionic trunk in a sliding way, and the upper part and the lower part of the resonance mass block are respectively provided with a limiting block which plays a role of collision in the motion process of the resonance mass block; the resonance mass block is connected with a transverse spring which can play a role in negative rigidity and a vertical main spring which plays a role in bearing; the negative spring, the main spring, the mass block and the upper and lower limiting blocks are respectively distributed around the trunk by 4. The negative stiffness spring is in a compressed state at a static balance position, and can play a role in negative stiffness when the resonant mass vibrates. The inertia amplifying device is arranged outside the main spring and consists of two connecting rods which are hinged with each other and a ball screw inertia amplifier hinged between the two connecting rods, the upper connecting rod is hinged on the mass block, the lower connecting rod is hinged on the machine body, and the number of the connecting rods is the same as that of the main spring. As shown in fig. 2, the inertia amplification device drives the connecting rods to move when the resonant mass vibrates, the intersection angle between the rods and the vertical direction changes, and the fixed point distance of the ball screw hinged between the upper connecting rod and the lower connecting rod changes, so that the two ends of the ball screw generate relative motion, and an inertia amplification effect is generated. The ball screw inertia amplifier is a device which comprises main elements such as a screw rod, a nut and a flywheel and can realize the dynamic characteristic of a large inertia body by using smaller self mass, and the flywheel rotates under the action of a screw rod and nut pair consisting of the screw rod and the nut to play a role in inertia amplification.
The transverse structure is as shown in fig. 3, 4 resonant mass blocks can be slidably, horizontally and orthogonally placed on the three-dimensional seismic metamaterial tree body structure, and the resonant mass blocks can only move along a single direction due to the action of the track. For a single transverse structure, similar to a vertical structure, the transverse structure is connected in a way that a main stiffness spring and a negative stiffness spring are connected in parallel, the number of the main stiffness springs is 1, the number of the negative stiffness springs is 2, and the negative stiffness has low-frequency characteristics and also plays a role in nonlinear stiffness reset; the structure and the connection mode of the inertia amplification device are the same as those of a vertical structure, and in order to keep the alignment, each resonant block is provided with 2 inertia amplification devices; the limiting block plays a role in introducing a collision effect.
Under the excitation of small amplitude, the system is protected by a negative rigidity and inertia amplification mechanism; under the excitation of large amplitude, the resonance mass reaches the position of the limiting block and collides with the limiting block, so that a broadband effect based on a chaotic band mechanism is generated, and a band gap can be greatly widened.
The seismic metamaterial tree is uniformly arranged on the ground at the periphery of the protection target, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, so that the seismic metamaterial tree forms a barrier to prevent the seismic wave from propagating.
In order to realize the functions, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the above structure is fixed in a circular shell which is layered in height to form a bionic tree crown, and the movements in three directions are not interfered with each other; the circular shell-shaped crown can be integrally arranged on a rod-shaped structure serving as a bionic trunk; the resonant mass displacement direction requires the installation of guide rails.
In order to realize the functions, the two ends of the connecting rod are respectively connected with the connecting rod, the shell and the resonant mass and the two ends of the inertia amplifier are respectively connected with the middle part of the connecting rod through hinges.
In order to realize the functions, telescopic guide rods are required to be arranged along the axial direction of each spring.
In addition, the structure in the vertical direction can be integrally rotated by 45 degrees and placed in a gap of the structure in the horizontal direction, so that the height of the circular ring shell is reduced, and the space is saved.
Claims (4)
1. A three-dimensional low-frequency broadband seismic metamaterial tree based on tree bionics is characterized by comprising a bionic trunk and a bionic crown arranged on the bionic trunk, wherein the bionic crown is a circular shell which is layered from top to bottom, and the inside of the bionic crown comprises a transverse structure and a vertical structure; the vertical structure comprises first resonant mass blocks, the first resonant mass blocks are connected with the bionic trunk and can slide on the bionic trunk, the upper part and the lower part of each first resonant mass block are respectively provided with a limiting block, each first resonant mass block is connected with a first negative stiffness spring and a first main spring, and an inertia amplification device is arranged on the outer side of each first main spring; the transverse structure comprises a second resonance mass block, each second resonance mass block is connected with two second negative stiffness springs and a second main spring, two inertia amplification devices are arranged on the outer side of each second main spring, a limiting block is fixedly arranged on the bionic trunk, the other ends of the first main spring, the first negative stiffness spring, the second negative stiffness spring and the second main spring are respectively connected onto the inner wall of the circular shell, the two ends of the inertia amplification devices in the vertical structure are respectively connected with the inner walls of the first resonance mass block and the circular shell, the two ends of the inertia amplification devices in the transverse structure are respectively connected with the inner walls of the second resonance mass block and the circular shell, the vertical structure is arranged in the circular shell of the lower layer, and the transverse structure is arranged in the circular shell of the upper layer.
2. The tree-based bionic three-dimensional low-frequency broadband seismic metamaterial tree as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inertia amplification device comprises an upper connecting rod and a lower connecting rod which are hinged to each other, and a ball screw inertia amplifier hinged between the upper connecting rod and the lower connecting rod.
3. The tree-based bionic three-dimensional low-frequency broadband seismic metamaterial tree of claim 1, wherein the number of the first resonant mass blocks is four, and the number of the second resonant mass blocks is four.
4. The tree-based bionic three-dimensional low-frequency broadband seismic metamaterial tree of claim 1, wherein a guide rail is arranged on the bionic trunk, and the guide rail is matched with the first resonant mass block and the second resonant mass block.
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