CN113047881B - GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod suitable for subway roadway support and construction method - Google Patents

GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod suitable for subway roadway support and construction method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113047881B
CN113047881B CN202110495707.4A CN202110495707A CN113047881B CN 113047881 B CN113047881 B CN 113047881B CN 202110495707 A CN202110495707 A CN 202110495707A CN 113047881 B CN113047881 B CN 113047881B
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China
Prior art keywords
anchor rod
gfrp
plate
cushion block
top end
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CN202110495707.4A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN113047881A (en
Inventor
郭林峰
朱虹
朱翔
李胡兵
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Nanjing Bo Lian Te Photoelectric Technology Co ltd
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Nanjing Bo Lian Te Photoelectric Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202110495707.4A priority Critical patent/CN113047881B/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/0033—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts having a jacket or outer tube
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/008—Anchoring or tensioning means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0093—Accessories
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/02—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection having means for indicating tension

Abstract

The application discloses a GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod suitable for subway roadway support and a construction method thereof, wherein the GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod comprises a GFRP anchor rod, claw pieces, a sleeve, a fixed plate and a plurality of cushion blocks; the top end and the bottom end of the GFRP anchor rod are fixedly provided with a limiting seat, namely an upper limiting seat and a lower limiting seat; a fixed plate, a sleeve and a claw piece are sleeved on the GFRP anchor rod between the two limiting seats in sequence from top to bottom; the fixing plate can be fixed at the top end surface of the anchoring hole of the subway tunnel and is fixed in position; when a pretightening force is applied to the top end of the GFRP anchor rod, the claw piece can be opened to the periphery by taking the GFRP anchor rod as the center and is anchored in soil body at the periphery corresponding to the bottom end of the anchor hole; and a plurality of cushion blocks are inserted between the fixed plate and the upper limit seat in a stacking manner and are used for adjusting and locking the opening angle of the claw piece. The application realizes the reliable anchoring of the FRP anchor rod through the stable mechanical biting force of the stainless steel claw piece.

Description

GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod suitable for subway roadway support and construction method
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of roadway support systems, in particular to a GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod suitable for subway roadway support and a construction method.
Background
The anchor rod is used as a tension member penetrating into the stratum, one end of the anchor rod is connected with an engineering structure, and the other end of the anchor rod penetrates into the stratum to play a role in reinforcing the main body of a side slope, a tunnel and a foundation pit. Common uses are wood anchors, steel or wire rope mortar anchors, inverted wedge metal anchors, pipe seam anchors, resin anchors, quick-hardening expansion cement anchors, double quick cement anchors, and the like. The whole anchor rod is divided into a free section and an anchoring section, wherein the free section is used for transmitting the tensile force at the head of the anchor rod to the area of an anchoring body and has the function of applying prestress to the anchor rod; the anchoring section refers to an area where the cement paste bonds the prestressed tendons with the soil layer, and has the functions of increasing the bonding friction effect of the anchoring body and the soil layer, increasing the bearing effect of the anchoring body and transmitting the tensile force of the free section to the depth of the soil body.
Along with the development of urban construction in China, more and more subway projects are required to be carried out under the surrounding of original dense buildings, and the safety and stability of the tunnel in the construction stage are ensured to be very critical. The steel anchor rod has large weight and is easy to rust, and the hidden quality trouble is easy to leave in a corrosive environment. Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP), namely fiber reinforced composite material, is composite plastic with glass fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester, epoxy resin and phenolic resin as matrix materials, has the advantages of light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance, low relaxation, good fatigue resistance, simple forming process and the like, and can obviously improve the bearing capacity and durability of the anchor rod support by taking FRP ribs as anchor rods in tunnel, soil slope and foundation pit support structures. The fiber reinforced composite material has very high axial tensile strength, but the product has weaker anchoring performance, and how to enhance the anti-slip performance is still needed to be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the application provides the GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod suitable for subway roadway monitoring and the construction method thereof, which realize reliable anchoring of the FRP anchor rod through stable mechanical biting force of stainless steel claw pieces.
In order to solve the technical problems, the application adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a GFRP intelligent combination stock suitable for subway tunnel supports, includes GFRP stock, claw spare, sleeve pipe, fixed plate and a plurality of cushion.
The top and bottom of GFRP stock all fixed mounting has a spacing seat, is spacing seat and spacing seat down respectively.
The GFRP anchor rod between the two limiting seats is sequentially sleeved with a fixing plate, a sleeve and a claw piece from top to bottom.
The fixed plate can be fixed in the anchor hole top face department in subway tunnel, and the position is fixed.
When the pre-tightening force is applied to the top end of the GFRP anchor rod, the claw pieces can be opened to the periphery by taking the GFRP anchor rod as the center and are anchored in soil bodies around the bottom end of the corresponding anchoring hole.
And a plurality of cushion blocks are inserted between the fixed plate and the upper limit seat in a stacking manner and are used for adjusting and locking the opening angle of the claw piece.
The number of the cushion blocks is not less than two, each cushion block is provided with slots matched with the GFRP anchor bars, and the slots in the two adjacent cushion blocks are distributed in a staggered manner.
The claw piece comprises a top ring, a connecting shaft, a tensioning plate, a bottom ring and a tray.
The tray is sleeved on the GFRP anchor rod at the top of the lower limit seat, the bottom ring is coaxially arranged on the upper surface of the tray, and the tray is sleeved on the periphery of the GFRP anchor rod.
The plate is evenly distributed along the bottom ring, the bottom end of each plate is rotatably mounted on the bottom ring, the middle part of each plate is hinged with the bottom end of the connecting shaft, and the top end of the connecting shaft is rotatably mounted on the top ring.
The top ring is sleeved on the GFRP anchor rod at the bottom of the fixed plate.
The tray outside each plate is provided with a clamping seat which can limit the maximum opening angle of the plate.
Each plate is a concave and convex curved plate, and the thickness of each plate is gradually reduced from bottom to top.
The center of every piece of board all is provided with the hinge groove, all installs a horizontal articulated shaft at every hinge groove, and the bottom of every piece of board all overlaps and establishes on corresponding articulated shaft.
The sleeve is uniformly provided with a plurality of vertical grooves along the circumferential direction, stress meters are distributed in at least one of the vertical grooves, and all the stress meters are connected with demodulation equipment through optical fibers.
The claw piece, the sleeve and the fixing plate are all made of stainless steel.
A construction method of a GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod suitable for subway roadway monitoring comprises the following steps.
And step 1, manufacturing the GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod, and particularly manufacturing the GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps of.
Step 11, fixing a lower limit seat: according to the designed anchoring depth of the subway tunnel to-be-anchored position, the length of the GFRP anchor rod is determined, and the lower limit seat is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the GFRP anchor rod.
Step 12, fixing an upper limit seat: and on the GFRP anchor rod at the top of the limiting seat, a claw piece, a sleeve and a fixing plate are sleeved in sequence from bottom to top. And then, fixedly mounting the upper limit seat at the top end of the GFRP anchor. Wherein, a plurality of vertical grooves are symmetrically arranged along the circumferential direction of the sleeve, and stress gauges are arranged in at least one vertical groove.
Step 2, drilling: drilling holes at the position to be anchored of the subway tunnel to form anchor holes with required depth.
Step 3, placing a GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod: and (3) placing the GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod manufactured in the step (1) in the anchoring hole with the corresponding depth formed in the step (2) until the bottom end surface of the outer edge of the fixing plate is erected on a subway tunnel outside the top end of the anchoring hole, and the top end surface of the fixing plate is attached to the bottom of the upper limit seat. Then, the height position of the fixing plate is fixed.
Step 4, stretching the GFRP anchor rod in a grading way: and (3) stretching the top end of the GFRP anchor rod in a grading way, and inserting a cushion block between the fixed plate and the upper limit seat at each stretching stage. All cushion blocks are stacked and placed for adjusting and locking the opening angle of the claw pieces.
Step 5, monitoring: and the stress meters in each GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod in each anchor hole are mutually connected in series and are connected with demodulation equipment through optical fibers. And monitoring the stress of the GFRP anchor rod and/or the soil body of the subway tunnel in real time.
And 4, carrying out three-stage tensioning on the top end of the GFRP anchor rod, wherein the specific tensioning method comprises the following steps.
Step 41, primary tensioning: the top end of the GFRP anchor rod is applied with pretightening force, and the height positions of the fixing plates are fixed, so that the heights of the bottom end of the GFRP anchor rod and the lower limiting seat rise, the heights of the tray and the bottom ring in the pushing claw piece rise, all the expansion plates are outwards opened, and the height of the top ring falls. When the ascending height of the top end of the GFRP anchor rod is larger than the first cushion block, the first cushion block is inserted between the fixed plate and the upper limit seat. At this time, all the top ends of the tension plates are in pressing contact with the outer wall surface of the anchoring hole.
Step 42, second-stage tensioning: the top end of the GFRP anchor rod is continuously applied with pretightening force, the bottom end of the GFRP anchor rod and the height of the lower limiting seat are continuously raised, the tray and the bottom ring are also continuously raised, all the expansion plates are continuously outwards opened, and the top ring is continuously lowered. When the rising height of the top end of the GFRP anchor rod is larger than the height of the second cushion block for the second time, the second cushion block is inserted between the first cushion block and the fixed plate in a stacking mode, and slots of the first cushion block and the second cushion block are distributed in a staggered mode. At this time, all the top ends of the plates enter the subway tunnel outside the bottom end of the anchoring hole.
Step 43, three-stage tensioning: and the top end of the GFRP anchor rod is continuously applied with pretightening force again, the bottom end of the GFRP anchor rod and the height of the lower limiting seat are continuously raised again, the heights of the tray and the bottom ring are also continuously raised again, and all the expansion plates are continuously expanded outwards again. When the third ascending height of the top end of the GFRP anchor rod is larger than the third ascending height of the cushion block, the third cushion block is inserted between the second cushion block and the fixed plate in a stacking mode, and slots of the third cushion block and the second cushion block are distributed in a staggered mode. At this time, all the top ends of the plates are embedded in the subway tunnel outside the bottom end of the anchoring hole, and the outer wall of the Zhang Bande end is in pressing contact with the inner wall of the clamping seat.
The application has the following beneficial effects:
aiming at the soil body supporting technology, the application adopts stainless steel and fiber reinforced composite materials with good corrosion resistance, is suitable for poor site anchoring conditions and various corrosive environments, realizes reliable anchoring of the FRP anchor rod by applying prestress as an active protection measure and stable mechanical biting force of the stainless steel claw piece, and can observe the enclosure condition of a supporting system in real time by an FBG stress meter.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of a GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod suitable for subway tunnel support before pre-tightening force is not applied.
Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod for subway tunnel support after applying pretightening force. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a preset state of the claw member in the present application.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing an opened state of the claw member in the present application.
Fig. 5 is a front view of the GFRP intelligent combination anchor rod of the present application for subway tunnel support before pre-tightening force is not applied.
Fig. 6 is a front view of the GFRP intelligent combination anchor rod for subway tunnel support of the present application after applying a pre-tightening force.
Fig. 7 is an exploded view of the GFRP intelligent combination anchor rod of the present application for subway tunnel support before no pre-tightening force is applied.
Fig. 8 is an exploded view of the GFRP intelligent combination anchor rod of the present application after applying a pre-tightening force for subway tunnel support.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the attachment of the strain gauge of the present application.
The method comprises the following steps: 1-GFRP stock, 2-spacing seat, 3-claw piece, 4-sleeve pipe, 5-fixed plate, 6-backing plate, 7-top ring, 8-connecting axle, 9-board, 10-articulated axle, 11-bottom ring, 12-tray, 13-cassette, 14-notch, 15-FBG stress meter, 16-optic fibre, 17-demodulation equipment.
Detailed Description
The application will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments.
In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "left", "right", "upper", "lower", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and "first", "second", etc. do not indicate the importance of the components, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present application. The specific dimensions adopted in the present embodiment are only for illustrating the technical solution, and do not limit the protection scope of the present application.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 5 to 8, the GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod suitable for subway tunnel monitoring comprises a GFRP anchor rod 1, a claw member 3, a sleeve 4, a fixing plate 5 and a plurality of cushion blocks 6.
The top and bottom of GFRP stock all fixed mounting has a spacing seat 2, is spacing seat and spacing seat down respectively.
Further, the limiting seat 2 is preferably a groove-shaped composite pipe and is anchored on the GFRP anchor rod through a hot melting method.
The GFRP anchor rod between the two limiting seats is sequentially sleeved with a fixing plate, a sleeve and a claw piece from top to bottom.
The fixing plate can be fixed at the top end face of the anchoring hole of the subway tunnel, is fixed in position and is preferably arranged on the subway tunnel at the periphery of the top end face of the anchoring hole.
The claw piece 3, the sleeve 4 and the fixing plate 5 are all preferably made of stainless steel, and have the characteristics of good mechanical property, good processing property, good corrosion resistance and the like, and the self performance is further improved when the claw piece is combined with the GFRP anchor rod made of the fiber reinforced composite material.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the claw member includes a top ring 7, a connecting shaft 8, a tension plate 9, a bottom ring 11, and a tray 12.
The tray is sleeved on the GFRP anchor rod at the top of the lower limit seat, the bottom ring is coaxially arranged on the upper surface of the tray, and the tray is sleeved on the periphery of the GFRP anchor rod.
The sheet is preferably uniformly distributed along the bottom ring, more preferably four sheets are further uniformly and symmetrically distributed along the bottom ring. The bottom of every piece of board all rotates and installs on the end circle, and the middle part of every piece of board all articulates mutually through articulated shaft 10 with the bottom of connecting axle, and the top of connecting axle all rotates and installs on the top circle.
Further, the center of each plate is preferably provided with a hinge groove, a horizontal hinge shaft is arranged in each hinge groove, and the bottom end of each plate is sleeved on the corresponding hinge shaft. The width of the connecting shaft is smaller than that of the opening plate, and the width of the hinge groove is slightly larger than that of the connecting shaft so as to enable the hinge groove to move.
Each plate is preferably a concave and convex curved plate, and the thickness of each plate is gradually reduced from bottom to top. The arrangement mode of the expansion plates is beneficial to opening and grabbing soil of the claw pieces, and the expansion plates can conveniently enter the subway tunnel soil body at the periphery of the anchoring hole.
The top of the connecting shaft is curved, so that the connecting shaft can conveniently rotate under the action of sleeve pressure.
Further, the top ring is sleeved on the GFRP anchor rod at the bottom of the fixed plate.
The tray positioned on the outer side of each plate is provided with a notch 14 and a clamping seat 13, and the clamping seat can limit the maximum opening angle of the plate. The notch is positioned at the inner side of the clamping seat and is used for the tension plate to rotate around the bottom ring.
The sleeve is preferably provided with a plurality of vertical grooves uniformly along the circumferential direction, and at least one of the vertical grooves is internally provided with stress meters as shown in fig. 9, and all the stress meters are connected with demodulation equipment 17 through optical fibers 16. Each strain gauge is preferably an FBG strain gauge.
In the application, an even number of vertical grooves are preferably symmetrically formed, and one stress meter is respectively arranged in one group of symmetrical vertical grooves, wherein one stress meter is used for monitoring the stress state of the GFRP anchor rod, and the other stress meter is used for monitoring the stress condition of the soil body of the subway tunnel so as to judge the supporting state of the subway tunnel.
The stress meter for monitoring the stress state of the GFRP anchor is preferably stuck to the outer wall of the GFRP anchor, the bottom end of the stress meter is positioned on the upper side of the top ring 7, and the top end of the stress meter is positioned at a certain distance below the fixed plate 5 so as to prevent the stress meter from being influenced when the anchor is tensioned.
The stress meter for monitoring the stress condition of the soil body of the subway tunnel is preferably adhered to the two ends of the vertical groove of the sleeve.
In the present application, the connecting shaft in the claw member is set at a set inclination angle with Zhang Banyu, and as shown in fig. 3, the tension plate protrudes slightly outwards.
When the pre-tightening force is applied to the top end of the GFRP anchor rod, the claw pieces can be opened to the periphery by taking the GFRP anchor rod as the center and are anchored in soil bodies around the bottom end of the corresponding anchoring hole.
And a plurality of cushion blocks are inserted between the fixed plate and the upper limit seat in a stacking manner and are used for adjusting and locking the opening angle of the claw piece.
The number of the cushion blocks is not less than two, in the application, the number of the cushion blocks is preferably three, each cushion block is provided with a slot matched with the GFRP anchor rod, and the slots in the two adjacent cushion blocks are distributed in a staggered way. Further, each pad is preferably made of rubber.
A construction method of a GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod suitable for subway roadway monitoring comprises the following steps.
And step 1, manufacturing the GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod, and particularly manufacturing the GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps of.
Step 11, fixing a lower limit seat: according to the designed anchoring depth of the subway tunnel to-be-anchored position, the length of the GFRP anchor rod is determined, and the lower limit seat is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the GFRP anchor rod.
Step 12, fixing an upper limit seat: and on the GFRP anchor rod at the top of the limiting seat, a claw piece, a sleeve and a fixing plate are sleeved in sequence from bottom to top. And then, fixedly mounting the upper limit seat at the top end of the GFRP anchor. Wherein, a plurality of vertical grooves are symmetrically arranged along the circumferential direction of the sleeve, and stress gauges are arranged in at least one vertical groove.
And 2, drilling.
Before drilling, soil layers need to be explored, so that hard rocks are avoided; the anchoring depths of adjacent GFRP combined anchor rods are staggered, so that the soil body can provide effective acting force for claw pieces, namely, the claw pieces have different depths, for example: the jaws are located at a depth of 3m and at a depth of 2 m.
Drilling holes in the position to be anchored of the subway tunnel to form anchor holes with required depth, and cleaning the holes.
Step 3, placing a GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod: and (3) placing the GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod manufactured in the step (1) in the anchoring hole with the corresponding depth formed in the step (2) until the bottom end surface of the outer edge of the fixing plate is erected on a subway tunnel outside the top end of the anchoring hole, and the top end surface of the fixing plate is attached to the bottom of the upper limit seat. Then, the height position of the fixing plate is fixed.
Step 4, stretching the GFRP anchor rod in a grading way: and tensioning equipment such as a front clamping jack is adopted to carry out grading tensioning on the top end of the GFRP anchor rod, and a cushion block is inserted between the fixed plate and the upper limit seat at one stage of tensioning. And stacking all cushion blocks for adjusting and locking the opening angle of the claw parts, and dismantling tensioning equipment after tensioning is completed.
And 4, carrying out three-stage tensioning on the top end of the GFRP anchor rod, wherein the specific tensioning method comprises the following steps.
Step 41, primary tensioning: the top of the GFRP anchor rod is applied with pretightening force, and the height positions of the fixing plates are fixed, so that the bottom end of the GFRP anchor rod and the lower limit seat are raised, the heights of the tray and the bottom ring in the pushing claw piece are raised, all the expansion plates are outwards opened, the height of the top ring is lowered, the distance between the top ring and the bottom ring is reduced, and the preset inclination angle state of the claw piece ensures that the expansion plates outwards extend. When the ascending height of the top end of the GFRP anchor rod is larger than the first cushion block, the first cushion block is inserted between the fixed plate and the upper limit seat. At this time, all the top ends of the tension plates are in pressing contact with the outer wall surface of the anchoring hole.
Step 42, second-stage tensioning: the top end of the GFRP anchor rod is continuously applied with pretightening force, the bottom end of the GFRP anchor rod and the height of the lower limiting seat are continuously raised, the tray and the bottom ring are also continuously raised, all the expansion plates are continuously outwards opened, and the top ring is continuously lowered. When the rising height of the top end of the GFRP anchor rod is larger than the height of the second cushion block for the second time, the second cushion block is inserted between the first cushion block and the fixed plate in a stacking mode, and slots of the first cushion block and the second cushion block are distributed in a staggered mode. At this time, all the top ends of the plates enter the subway tunnel outside the bottom end of the anchoring hole.
Step 43, three-stage tensioning: and the top end of the GFRP anchor rod is continuously applied with pretightening force again, the bottom end of the GFRP anchor rod and the height of the lower limiting seat are continuously raised again, the heights of the tray and the bottom ring are also continuously raised again, and all the expansion plates are continuously expanded outwards again. When the third ascending height of the top end of the GFRP anchor rod is larger than the third ascending height of the cushion block, the third cushion block is inserted between the second cushion block and the fixed plate in a stacking mode, and slots of the third cushion block and the second cushion block are distributed in a staggered mode. At this time, all the top ends of the plates are embedded in the subway tunnel outside the bottom end of the anchoring hole, and the outer wall of the Zhang Bande end is in pressing contact with the inner wall of the clamping seat.
When the grading stretching is performed, the stretching displacement of each grade can be equal or unequal. In the present application, there are two preferable arrangements as follows:
1. the stretching displacement of the first stretching, the third stretching and the second stretching is preferably gradually increased, namely, the height of the middle cushion block is the largest among three cushion blocks, the top cushion block is the smallest among the three cushion blocks, and the bottom cushion block is the smallest.
2. The stretching displacement of the primary stretching, the secondary stretching and the tertiary stretching is preferably gradually increased, namely the heights of the three layers of cushion blocks are gradually increased from bottom to top.
Step 5, monitoring: and the stress meters in each GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod in each anchor hole are mutually connected in series and are connected with demodulation equipment through optical fibers. And monitoring the stress of the GFRP anchor rod and the soil body of the subway tunnel in real time.
The preferred embodiments of the present application have been described in detail above, but the present application is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various equivalent changes can be made to the technical solution of the present application within the scope of the technical concept of the present application, and all the equivalent changes belong to the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (6)

1. The construction method of the GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod suitable for subway roadway support is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, manufacturing a GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod, and particularly manufacturing a GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
step 11, fixing a lower limit seat: according to the designed anchoring depth of the subway tunnel to-be-anchored position, determining the length of the GFRP anchor rod, and fixedly mounting a lower limit seat at the bottom end of the GFRP anchor rod;
step 12, fixing an upper limit seat: the claw piece, the sleeve and the fixing plate are sleeved on the GFRP anchor rod at the top of the limiting seat in sequence from bottom to top; then, the upper limit seat is fixedly arranged at the top end of the GFRP anchor rod; wherein, the sleeve is symmetrically provided with a plurality of vertical grooves along the circumferential direction, and a stress meter is arranged in at least one vertical groove; wherein, the claw piece, the sleeve and the fixing plate are all made of stainless steel;
step 2, drilling: drilling holes at the position to be anchored of the subway tunnel to form anchor holes with required depth;
step 3, placing a GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod: placing the GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod manufactured in the step 1 in the anchoring hole with the corresponding depth formed in the step 2 until the bottom end face of the outer edge of the fixing plate is erected on a subway tunnel outside the top end of the anchoring hole, and the top end face of the fixing plate is attached to the bottom of the upper limit seat; then, fixing the height position of the fixing plate;
step 4, stretching the GFRP anchor rod in a grading way: three-stage tensioning is carried out on the top end of the GFRP anchor rod, and a cushion block is inserted between the fixed plate and the upper limit seat for each stage of tensioning; all cushion blocks are stacked and placed for adjusting and locking the opening angle of the claw pieces;
the three-stage tensioning method for the top end of the GFRP anchor rod comprises the following steps:
step 41, primary tensioning: the top end of the GFRP anchor rod is applied with pretightening force, and the height positions of the fixing plates are fixed, so that the heights of the bottom end of the GFRP anchor rod and the lower limit seat rise, the heights of the tray and the bottom ring in the pushing claw piece rise, the height of the top ring is unchanged, and all the tensioning plates are outwards opened; when the rising height of the top end of the GFRP anchor rod is larger than the height of the first cushion block, the first cushion block is inserted between the fixed plate and the upper limit seat; at this time, the top ends of all the tension plates are in compression contact with the outer wall surface of the anchoring hole; wherein each plate is a concave and convex curved plate, and the thickness of each plate is gradually reduced from bottom to top; the center of each plate is provided with a hinge slot, each hinge slot is provided with a horizontal hinge shaft, and the bottom end of each plate is sleeved on the corresponding hinge shaft; the arrangement of the expansion plates is beneficial to the expansion and soil grabbing of the claw pieces, and the expansion plates can conveniently enter the subway tunnel soil body at the periphery of the anchoring hole;
step 42, second-stage tensioning: the top end of the GFRP anchor rod is continuously applied with pretightening force, the bottom end of the GFRP anchor rod and the height of the lower limit seat are continuously raised, the heights of the tray and the bottom ring are also continuously raised, the height of the top ring is unchanged, and all the tensioning plates are continuously outwards opened; when the rising height of the top end of the GFRP anchor rod is larger than the height of the second cushion block for the second time, the second cushion block is inserted between the first cushion block and the fixed plate in a stacking mode, and slots of the first cushion block and the second cushion block are distributed in a staggered mode; at this time, the top ends of all the plates enter the soil outside the bottom end of the anchoring hole;
step 43, three-stage tensioning: the top end of the GFRP anchor rod is continuously applied with pretightening force again, the heights of the bottom end of the GFRP anchor rod and the lower limit seat are continuously raised again, the heights of the tray and the bottom ring are also continuously raised again, and all the tensioning plates are continuously outwards opened again; when the third ascending height of the top end of the GFRP anchor rod is larger than the third ascending height of the cushion block, the third cushion block is inserted between the second cushion block and the fixed plate in a stacking mode, and slots of the third cushion block and the second cushion block are distributed in a staggered mode; at this time, the top ends of all the tension plates are embedded in soil outside the bottom end of the anchoring hole, and the outer wall of the Zhang Bande end is in compression contact with the inner wall of the clamping seat;
the stretching displacement of the first-stage stretching, the third-stage stretching and the second-stage stretching is gradually increased;
step 5, monitoring: the stress gauges in each GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod in each anchor hole are connected in series and are connected with demodulation equipment through optical fibers; and monitoring the stress of the GFRP anchor rod and/or the soil body of the subway tunnel in real time.
2. The construction method of the GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod suitable for subway roadway support according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod suitable for subway roadway support comprises a GFRP anchor rod, claw pieces, a sleeve, a fixing plate and a plurality of cushion blocks;
the top end and the bottom end of the GFRP anchor rod are fixedly provided with a limiting seat, namely an upper limiting seat and a lower limiting seat;
a fixed plate, a sleeve and a claw piece are sleeved on the GFRP anchor rod between the two limiting seats in sequence from top to bottom;
the fixing plate can be fixed at the top end surface of the anchoring hole of the subway tunnel and is fixed in position;
when a pretightening force is applied to the top end of the GFRP anchor rod, the claw piece can be opened to the periphery by taking the GFRP anchor rod as the center and is anchored in soil body at the periphery corresponding to the bottom end of the anchor hole;
and a plurality of cushion blocks are inserted between the fixed plate and the upper limit seat in a stacking manner and are used for adjusting and locking the opening angle of the claw piece.
3. The construction method of the GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod suitable for subway roadway support according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the number of the cushion blocks is not less than two, each cushion block is provided with slots matched with the GFRP anchor bars, and the slots in the two adjacent cushion blocks are distributed in a staggered manner.
4. The construction method of the GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod suitable for subway roadway support according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the claw piece comprises a top ring, a connecting shaft, a tensioning plate, a bottom ring and a tray;
the tray is sleeved on the GFRP anchor rod at the top of the lower limit seat, and the bottom ring is coaxially arranged on the upper surface of the tray and sleeved on the periphery of the GFRP anchor rod;
the stretching plates are uniformly distributed along the bottom ring, the bottom ends of each stretching plate are rotatably mounted on the bottom ring, the middle part of each stretching plate is hinged with the bottom end of the connecting shaft, and the top ends of the connecting shafts are rotatably mounted on the top ring;
the top ring is sleeved on the GFRP anchor rod at the bottom of the fixed plate.
5. The construction method of the GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod suitable for subway roadway support according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: the tray outside each plate is provided with a clamping seat which can limit the maximum opening angle of the plate.
6. The construction method of the GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod suitable for subway roadway support according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the sleeve is uniformly provided with a plurality of vertical grooves along the circumferential direction, stress meters are distributed in at least one of the vertical grooves, and all the stress meters are connected with demodulation equipment through optical fibers.
CN202110495707.4A 2021-05-07 2021-05-07 GFRP intelligent combined anchor rod suitable for subway roadway support and construction method Active CN113047881B (en)

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CN113550307B (en) * 2021-07-12 2022-07-01 广西北投交通养护科技集团有限公司 Linkage type structure for improving pulling resistance of anchor rod and construction method
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