CN113046662B - Device and method for improving strip-shaped local performance of large-size magnesium alloy sheet - Google Patents
Device and method for improving strip-shaped local performance of large-size magnesium alloy sheet Download PDFInfo
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- CN113046662B CN113046662B CN202110250621.5A CN202110250621A CN113046662B CN 113046662 B CN113046662 B CN 113046662B CN 202110250621 A CN202110250621 A CN 202110250621A CN 113046662 B CN113046662 B CN 113046662B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/06—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of magnesium or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for improving the local performance of a strip in a large-size magnesium alloy sheet, belongs to the technical field of plastic deformation and application of non-ferrous metal materials, and can solve the problem that a rib structure and a groove structure in a large-size complex structural member of magnesium alloy are easy to excessively thin and even break in the forming process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plastic deformation and application of non-ferrous metal materials, and particularly relates to a method for improving the specific local strength and plasticity of a strip in a large-size magnesium alloy sheet.
Background
The large-size magnesium alloy rolled sheet has low strength, poor plasticity and strong base texture at room temperature, and the defects of excessive thinning or cracking and the like easily occur at the structures such as reinforcing ribs, rectangular grooves and the like in the process of forming large-size complex structural members. The shape of the plate blank with the structure is a strip-shaped local area in a large-size magnesium alloy sheet, so that the strength and plasticity of the specific local area are improved, the forming weak link of the part can be strengthened, and the integral smooth forming of the part is ensured.
At present, the overall strength and plasticity of the magnesium alloy sheet can be improved by adjusting the chemical components, the grain size, the texture components and other modes of the magnesium alloy sheet. However, for the problem that the forming of the specific structure in the large-scale complex magnesium alloy component is difficult, a method for improving the local mechanical property by pre-regulating and controlling the structure of the strip-shaped local area of the magnesium alloy slab is not reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for improving the local mechanical property of a strip in a large-size magnesium alloy sheet, aiming at the problem that rib and groove structures in a large-size complex magnesium alloy component are difficult to form. Specifically, the local micro-structure is pre-regulated through bending and straightening deformation of the strip-shaped local area in the plate blank, and the local micro-structure mainly comprises pre-setting twin crystals, weakening base texture and the like, so that the mechanical property of the strip-shaped local area in the plate blank is finally improved, and the possibility of forming defects of the local area during forming of rib-type and groove-type structures is reduced.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a device for improving the local performance of strip shapes in a large-size magnesium alloy sheet comprises a local bending die and a local flattening die;
the local bending die comprises an upper local bending die and a lower local bending die, wherein the upper local bending die and the lower local bending die respectively comprise bending forming parts, and the bending forming parts comprise trigonometric function curve parts and straight parts, the trigonometric function curve parts are positioned in the middle of one side of the upper local bending die and the middle of one side of the lower local bending die and are matched with each other, and the straight parts are positioned on two sides of the trigonometric function curve parts;
the local straightening die comprises a local straightening upper die and a local straightening lower die, the cross sections of the local straightening upper die and the local straightening lower die are in a convex shape, upper edge pressing blocks are arranged on two sides of the local straightening upper die respectively, lower edge pressing blocks are arranged on two sides of the local straightening lower die respectively, the upper edge pressing blocks and the lower edge pressing blocks are connected through clamping grooves respectively, bolts penetrating through the clamping grooves are arranged on the parts, located on the upper edge pressing blocks, of the clamping grooves, and nuts are arranged on the bolts respectively; the bottom of one end of the upper edge pressing block is provided with a protrusion, and one end of the lower edge pressing block is provided with a groove matched with the protrusion.
A method for improving the local performance of a strip shape in a large-size magnesium alloy sheet comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting a strip-shaped local area in a large-size magnesium alloy sheet, and utilizing a local bending die to enable the strip-shaped local area to be subjected to bending deformation, wherein other areas are kept straight;
and secondly, placing the large-size magnesium alloy sheet subjected to local bending in a local flattening die, and flattening the strip shape after bending deformation for a plurality of times.
Further, the method for improving the local performance of the strip shape in the large-size magnesium alloy sheet comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting a strip-shaped local area in a large-size magnesium alloy sheet, placing the large-size magnesium alloy sheet in a local bending die, and aligning the selected strip-shaped local area with a bending forming part in the die;
applying pressure to the local bending upper die to enable the strip-shaped local bending deformation to occur, maintaining the pressure, unloading and taking out;
and secondly, placing the magnesium alloy sheet after the local bending in a local straightening die, adjusting a nut on a clamping groove to provide clamping force, applying pressure to a local straightening upper die and a local straightening lower die to enable the strip-shaped local after the local bending to generate straightening deformation, maintaining the pressure, unloading and taking out the sheet.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the background technology, the method has obvious advancement, aims at the problem that rib and groove structures in the large-scale complex magnesium alloy structural component are easy to excessively thin or crack in the forming process, bends, straightens and deforms the strip-shaped local area in the magnesium alloy sheet corresponding to the structure, thereby realizing the tissue regulation and control of the strip-shaped local area, such as twin crystal presetting, grain refining and the like, finally improving the strength and plasticity of the strip-shaped local area in the large-scale magnesium alloy sheet, and effectively preventing the forming defects from occurring at the rib, groove and other structures in the magnesium alloy structural component; the method can pre-regulate and control the organization performance of the strip-shaped local area at a specific position and size in the large-size magnesium alloy sheet, has simple and reliable process, accurate and detailed data and good product performance, and is an advanced method for improving the strip-shaped local strength and plasticity in the large-size magnesium alloy sheet.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a strip in a large-size magnesium alloy sheet before local bending;
FIG. 2 is an axonometric view of a strip-shaped magnesium alloy sheet before local bending;
FIG. 3 is a front view of a large-size magnesium alloy sheet after the strip is locally bent;
FIG. 4 is a front view of a strip in a large-size magnesium alloy sheet before local straightening;
FIG. 5 is an axonometric view before local straightening of the strip shape in the large-size magnesium alloy sheet;
FIG. 6 is an isometric view of the top right edging block of the local straightening mold;
FIG. 7 is an isometric view of a lower right hold-down block in a local straightening mold;
FIG. 8 is an isometric view of a local straightening upper die;
FIG. 9 is a large-size magnesium alloy sheet after local bending and straightening;
FIG. 10 is a microstructure comparison diagram before and after the strip-shaped local deformation in the large-size magnesium alloy sheet, wherein (a) and (c) are microstructure diagrams before the deformation, and (b) and (d) are microstructure diagrams after the deformation;
FIG. 11 is a comparison graph of mechanical properties before and after local deformation of a strip-shaped strip in a large-size magnesium alloy sheet;
wherein: 1-large-size magnesium alloy sheet; 2-locally bending the upper die; 3-locally bending the lower die; 4-a trigonometric function curve part of the local bending upper die; 5-a trigonometric function curve part of the local bending lower die; 6-local bending the right straight part of the upper die; 7-right side straight part of local bending lower die; 8-left side straight part of the local bending upper die; 9-left side straight part of local bending lower die; 10-large-size magnesium alloy sheet after local bending deformation in strip shape; 11-local straightening mould upper mould; 12-local straightening mould lower mould; 13-upper left edge-pressing block; 14-upper right blank holder block; 15-lower right edge-pressing block; 16-left lower edge-pressing block; 17-left rear clamping groove; 18-right rear clamping groove; 19-right front clamping groove; 20-left front clamping groove; 21-first bolt nut; 22-second bolt nut; 23-a third bolt nut; 24-fourth bolt nut; 25-vertical face of upper edge-pressing block; 26-the lower flat part of the upper edge-pressing block; 27-the bulge of the upper edge pressing block; 28-upper flat portion of upper edge-pressing block; 29-vertical face of the lower edge-pressing block; 30-upper flat part of lower edge-pressing block; 31-pressing down the groove of the edge block; 32-lower flat portion of lower edge-pressing block; 33-a right-side straight portion of the local straightening upper die; 34-the middle straight part of the upper local straightening die; 35-strip-shaped large-size magnesium alloy sheet after local bending, straightening and deformation.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A method for improving the local mechanical property of a strip in a large-size magnesium alloy sheet comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting a strip-shaped local area with a proper position and size in a large-size magnesium alloy sheet, and bending and deforming the strip-shaped local area by using a local bending die with a blank holder, wherein other areas of the large-size sheet are kept straight;
secondly, placing the large-size magnesium alloy sheet in a local leveling die with a blank holder, and locally leveling the strip shape after bending deformation;
and thirdly, the mechanical property of the strip-shaped local area in the magnesium alloy plate blank is finally improved through one or more bending, leveling and deformation of the selected strip-shaped local area, so that smooth forming of corresponding rib and groove structures in large-scale complex structural parts is facilitated.
Further, the method for improving the strip-shaped local mechanical property of the large-size magnesium alloy sheet comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting the position and the size of a strip-shaped local area in a large-size magnesium alloy sheet.
The thickness of the large-size magnesium alloy sheet is t, the length is x, and the width is y, then x/t ≫ 300 is x/t ≫ 300 is y/t.
And secondly, manufacturing a local bending mould.
The main structure of the local bending mould comprises: a local bending upper die and a local bending lower die. The die material is Cr12, and the surface roughness Ra of the formed part is 0.08-0.16 μm.
The forming parts of the local bending upper die and the local bending lower die are respectively composed of a middle trigonometric function curve part and straight parts at the left side and the right side. The middle trigonometric function curve part has the main function of enabling the selected strip-shaped local area to be subjected to bending deformation, wherein the amplitude of the trigonometric function curve is A, and the cycle size and the number of the curve can be adjusted according to the thickness of the large-size magnesium alloy sheet and the strip-shaped local size so as to ensure that the sheet does not break in the local bending deformation process; the main function of the straight parts at the left side and the right side is to provide edge pressing force for the areas except the strip-shaped local area in the large-size magnesium alloy sheet so as to prevent the large-size magnesium alloy sheet from warping.
And thirdly, manufacturing a local straightening die.
The main structure of the local straightening die comprises: the device comprises an upper local straightening die, a lower local straightening die, an upper left edge pressing block, a lower left edge pressing block, an upper right edge pressing block, a lower right edge pressing block, a left front clamping groove, a left rear clamping groove, a right front clamping groove, a right rear clamping groove, a first bolt nut, a second bolt nut, a third bolt nut and a fourth bolt nut. The die material is Cr12, and the surface roughness Ra of the formed part is 0.08-0.16 μm.
The local straightening upper die and the local straightening lower die are in a convex shape, and the working surface mainly comprises a middle straight part and left and right side straight parts. The middle straight part is mainly used for enabling the strip-shaped local area after bending to generate straightening deformation, the left and right straight parts are mainly used for limiting through being matched with the side pressing blocks at corresponding positions, so that the strokes of the local straightening upper die and the local straightening lower die are A, and the central line in the local thickness direction of the strip-shaped local area after straightening and the central line of other areas of the large-size magnesium alloy sheet are in the same straight line position.
The working parts of the upper left and right edging blocks are constituted by a vertical face close to the strip-shaped local area and a vertical face of the lower surface close to the strip-shaped local area, wherein the lower surface is constituted by a straight portion and a projection. The working portions of the left and right lower crimping blocks are comprised of a vertical surface upper surface adjacent the local area of the strip and a vertical surface upper surface adjacent the local area of the strip, wherein the upper surface is comprised of a flat and a groove.
The vertical surface of the blank holder block is mainly used for forming a cavity for the local straightening upper die and the local straightening lower die.
The main function of the straight part of the edge pressing block is to prevent the warping of the area except the strip-shaped local area in the large-size magnesium alloy sheet.
The bulge and the groove of the edge pressing block are matched with the bending part on the outermost side of the strip-shaped local area, and the edge pressing block mainly has the functions of increasing the friction force between the edge pressing block and the magnesium alloy sheet and preventing the strip-shaped local area after bending from transversely expanding in the straightening deformation process.
The clamping grooves are formed in the periphery of the edge pressing block of the local bending die, the edge pressing block is pressed tightly through the bolt nut, the friction force between the edge pressing block and the magnesium alloy sheet is further increased, and the bent strip-shaped local area is prevented from being expanded transversely in the straightening deformation process.
And thirdly, bending and deforming the strip-shaped local area in the large-size magnesium alloy sheet.
Placing the large-size magnesium alloy sheet in a local bending mould, and aligning the selected strip-shaped local area with a bending forming part in the mould;
and applying pressure to the local bending upper die to enable the strip-shaped local bending deformation to occur, maintaining the pressure for a proper time, unloading and taking out the plate.
Fourthly, straightening and deforming the strip-shaped local area after bending in the large-size magnesium alloy sheet.
Placing the magnesium alloy sheet after local bending in a local straightening die, and adjusting a nut on a clamping groove to provide proper clamping force;
and applying pressure to the local straightening upper die and the local straightening lower die to enable the bent strip-shaped local area to generate straightening deformation, maintaining the pressure for a proper time, unloading and taking out the plate.
And fifthly, determining whether a sheet material shaping process is added or not according to concrete structures such as ribs and grooves in the large-scale complex magnesium alloy stamping part.
And sixthly, performing structure performance test on the strip-shaped local area in the large-size magnesium alloy sheet.
The microstructure before and after the strip-shaped local deformation in the large-size magnesium alloy sheet is represented by using an electron back scattering diffraction technology;
and (3) testing the mechanical properties of the large-size magnesium alloy sheet before and after the strip-shaped local deformation by using a uniaxial tensile test.
Fig. 1 and 2 are respectively a front view and an axonometric view before local bending of a strip in a large-size magnesium alloy sheet, and fig. 3 is a front view after local bending of the strip in the large-size magnesium alloy sheet. Firstly, placing a large-size magnesium alloy sheet 1 between a local bending upper die 2 and a local bending lower die 3, and ensuring that the selected strip-shaped local is positioned between a trigonometric function curve part 4 of the local bending upper die and a trigonometric function curve part 5 of the local bending lower die; the left side straight part 8 of the local bending upper die, the right side straight part 6 of the local bending upper die, the left side straight part 9 of the local bending lower die and the right side straight part 7 of the local bending lower die are aligned with the area outside the strip-shaped local area in the large-size magnesium alloy sheet; and applying pressure to make the local bending upper die 2 descend, so that the strip-shaped local area in the large-size magnesium alloy sheet is subjected to bending deformation.
Fig. 4 and 5 are respectively a front view and an axonometric view before local straightening of strip shapes in the large-size magnesium alloy sheet. Placing the large-size magnesium alloy sheet 10 after the strip-shaped local bending deformation between an upper die 11 of a local straightening die and a lower die 12 of the local straightening die; a left upper blank pressing block 13 and a right upper blank pressing block 14 are arranged on two sides of an upper die 11 of the local straightening die, and a left lower blank pressing block 16 and a right lower blank pressing block 15 are arranged on two sides of a lower die 12 of the local straightening die; the left upper edge pressing block 13 and the left lower edge pressing block 16 are respectively and fixedly compressed by a left rear clamping groove 17, a left front clamping groove 20, a first bolt nut 21 and a fourth bolt nut 24; the upper right blank holder block 14 and the lower right blank holder block 15 are respectively and fixedly pressed by a right rear clamping groove 18, a right front clamping groove 19, a second bolt nut 22 and a third bolt nut 23.
Fig. 6 and 7 are perspective views of an upper right blank holder block 14 and a lower right blank holder block 15 in the local straightening mold, respectively, and fig. 8 is a perspective view of an upper mold 11 of the local straightening mold. The vertical surface of the upper right edge pressing block 14 and the vertical surface of the lower right edge pressing block 15 form the right side surface of the straightening cavity; the bulge of the upper right edging block 14 and the groove of the lower right edging block 15 are matched with the curve part at the rightmost side in the large-size magnesium alloy sheet 10 after the strip-shaped local bending; the lower straight part of the right upper edge pressing block 14 and the upper straight part of the right lower edge pressing block 15 are matched with the straight area close to the bending part in the large-size magnesium alloy sheet 10 after the strip-shaped local bending; the right straight part 33 of the upper local straightening die is matched with the upper straight part of the right upper blank pressing block 14 to limit the stroke of the upper local straightening die 11; the middle straight portion 34 of the upper local straightening die is matched with the middle straight portion of the lower local straightening die 12 to straighten the bent plate. The structure, the size and the function of the left upper edge pressing block 13 and the left lower edge pressing block 16 are the same as those of the right upper edge pressing block 14 and the right lower edge pressing block 15; the structure, the size and the function of the lower die 12 of the local straightening die are the same as those of the upper die 11 of the local straightening die.
FIG. 9 shows a large-size magnesium alloy sheet after local bending straightening. And (4) according to the actual requirement of the subsequent structural member forming, whether a leveling process of the thin plate is added or not is judged.
FIG. 10 is a view showing a microstructure before and after localized deformation of a strip in a large-size magnesium alloy sheet. Fig. 10(a) and 10(c) are microstructures before localized deformation of the strip shape in the large-size magnesium alloy sheet, and fig. 10(b) and 10(d) are microstructures after localized deformation of the strip shape in the large-size magnesium alloy sheet. In fig. 10(a) and 10(b), the black thin lines indicate grain boundaries, and the black thick lines indicate tensile twins. Compared with the prior art, a large number of stretching twin crystals appear after the strip-shaped local area is bent and straightened, the average grain size is reduced by cutting original grains through twin boundaries, a texture component with transverse deflection appears on a (0001) plane, and the texture strength of a basal plane is reduced from 28.07 to 8.26.
FIG. 11 shows a comparison graph of mechanical properties before and after local deformation of a strip-shaped strip in a large-size magnesium alloy sheet. By comparison, after the ribbon shape is locally bent and straightened, the yield strength is improved by 66.9 percent, and the tensile strength is improved by 33 percent. 3 percent and the elongation is improved by 7.5 percent. Therefore, the local bending and straightening can effectively improve the strength and plasticity of the strip-shaped local area in the large-size magnesium alloy sheet.
Examples
The embodiment provides a method for improving the strip-shaped local mechanical property of a large-size magnesium alloy sheet, which comprises the following steps of:
and determining the position and the size of the strip-shaped local area in the large-size magnesium alloy sheet.
Placing the large-size magnesium alloy sheet in a local bending mould, and aligning the selected strip-shaped local area with a bending forming part in the mould; setting the feeding speed of a local bending upper die to be 2mm/min, applying pressure to the local bending upper die to be 3MPa to enable strip-shaped local bending deformation to occur, maintaining the pressure for 5min, unloading and taking out the plate.
The magnesium alloy sheet after local bending is placed in a local straightening die, and a bolt nut on a clamping groove is adjusted to press and press an edge block; setting the feeding speed of the local straightening upper die and the local straightening lower die to be 2mm/min, applying pressure to be 3MPa to enable the bent strip-shaped local area to be straightened and deformed, maintaining pressure for 5min, unloading and taking out the plate.
Claims (2)
1. A device for improving the local performance of a strip shape in a large-size magnesium alloy sheet is characterized in that: the device comprises a local bending die and a local flattening die;
the local bending die comprises an upper local bending die and a lower local bending die, the upper local bending die and the lower local bending die respectively comprise bending forming parts, the bending forming parts comprise trigonometric function curve parts which are positioned in the middle of one side of the upper local bending die and the middle of one side of the lower local bending die and are matched with each other, and straight parts which are positioned on two sides of the trigonometric function curve parts, the amplitude of the trigonometric function curve is A so as to ensure that a large-size magnesium alloy sheet is not broken in the local bending deformation process, and the straight parts on the two sides are used for providing edge pressing force for areas outside strip-shaped local areas in the large-size magnesium alloy sheet so as to prevent the large-size magnesium alloy sheet from warping;
the local straightening die comprises a local straightening upper die, a local straightening lower die, a left upper edge pressing block, a left lower edge pressing block, a right upper edge pressing block, a right lower edge pressing block, a left front clamping groove, a left rear clamping groove, a right front clamping groove, a right rear clamping groove, a first bolt nut, a second bolt nut, a third bolt nut and a fourth bolt nut;
the local straightening upper die and the local straightening lower die are in a convex shape, and the working surface consists of a middle straight part and left and right straight parts; the middle straight part is used for enabling the bent strip-shaped local area to generate straightening deformation, and the left and right side straight parts are limited by matching with the side pressing blocks at corresponding positions, so that the strokes of the local straightening upper die and the local straightening lower die are A, and the central line of the straightened strip-shaped local thickness direction and the central line of other areas of the large-size magnesium alloy sheet are in the same straight line position;
the working parts of the upper left edge pressing block and the upper right edge pressing block are formed by a vertical surface close to the strip-shaped local area and a vertical surface of the lower surface close to the strip-shaped local area, wherein the lower surface is formed by a straight part and a protrusion; the working parts of the left lower edge pressing block and the right lower edge pressing block are formed by an upper surface of a vertical surface close to the strip-shaped local area and a vertical surface of an upper surface close to the strip-shaped local area, wherein the upper surface is formed by a straight part and a groove;
the vertical surface of the edge pressing block is used for forming a cavity for the local straightening upper die and the local straightening lower die;
the clamping grooves are formed in the periphery of the edge pressing block of the local bending die, and the clamping grooves are used for tightly pressing the edge pressing block through bolt nuts and increasing the friction force between the edge pressing block and the magnesium alloy sheet, so that the bent strip-shaped local area is prevented from being transversely expanded in the straightening deformation process.
2. A method for improving the local performance of a strip in a large-size magnesium alloy sheet is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting a strip-shaped local area in a large-size magnesium alloy sheet, placing the large-size magnesium alloy sheet in a local bending die, and aligning the selected strip-shaped local area with a bending forming part in the die;
applying pressure to the local bending upper die to enable the strip-shaped local area to be bent and deformed, maintaining the pressure, unloading and taking out;
secondly, placing the magnesium alloy sheet after local bending in a local straightening die, adjusting a nut on a clamping groove to provide clamping force, applying pressure to a local straightening upper die and a local straightening lower die to enable strip-shaped local after local bending to generate straightening deformation, maintaining pressure, unloading and taking out the sheet;
the method uses the apparatus for improving the local performance of the strip shape in the large-size magnesium alloy sheet according to claim 1.
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