CN113045874A - High-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant gear and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-temperature-resistant wear-resistant gear and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation material comprises 30-40 parts by weight of aluminum alloy powder and Ni15 to 20 portions of CrBSi powder, 20 to 30 portions of polybutylene terephthalate and ZrB210 to 15 parts of carbonized cubic crystal material, 5 to 10 parts of glass fiber, 8 to 10 parts of nano calcium carbonate, 5 to 15 parts of bis (hydrogenated tallow alkyl) dimethyl quaternary ammonium bentonite salt, 10 to 18 parts of zinc stearate and 4 to 9 parts of ethyl orthosilicate. The nano calcium carbonate with hydroxyl functional groups is obtained by modifying nano calcium carbonate with tetraethoxysilane, and then is combined with polybutylene terephthalate to form a core-shell structure, and then is doped with glass fibers in the presence of a bis (hydrogenated tallow alkyl) dimethyl quaternary ammonium bentonite salt solution, so that the high temperature resistance and wear resistance of the finally formed gear material are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gear preparation, and particularly relates to a high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant gear and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The invention and the application gear of human beings can be called as a long history. The important function and significance of the gear as an important mechanical transmission element can be obviously traced back to the distant era before the public. Historical records, 2200 years ago, in ancient China, gears were widely used. Bronze gears unearthed in Shanxi of China are the oldest gears discovered so far, and a southward pointing cart used for reflecting ancient scientific and technical achievements is a mechanical device taking a gear mechanism as a core. Furthermore, the problem of transmitting rotary motion with bronze gears is also described in "mechanical problems" by the ancient greek philosopher Archimedes. Various gear machines have also appeared in succession. With the development of the metallurgical industry, the use of cast gears has been started on rolling stands, the toothed parts of which are made simultaneously with the wheel, without any further machining, and therefore only on some rough machines. Until the industrial revolution period of the 18 th century, the steam engine invented by Watt promoted the rapid development of the gear transmission technology. A first metal cutting machine manufactured by Russian mechanists Naltov, which is famous in 1709-1712, adopts a gear subjected to metal machining, and the quality of the gear is greatly improved after gear teeth are subjected to cutting machining; meanwhile, in order to reduce the size of the gear, steel, which is a material with higher strength, is used for manufacturing the gear, so that the compactness of the gear transmission is improved.
With the continuous development of the machine manufacturing industry, the power required by the machine is larger, the speed is higher, and the requirement for gear transmission is continuously increased. For example, in marine turbines, the horsepower of the geared drive has exceeded 10000 horsepower at the end of the last century, and the peripheral speed of the gear has reached 12 meters/second.
The wide range of applications of gear drives in modern machines can be indicated by the following numbers: the maximum transmission power of the gear transmission can reach 6500 kw; the peripheral speed of the gear is from 0.03 to 210 m/s; the diameter of the gear is from below 3-4 mm to 100 m; the module of some gears is only 0.07 mm, and in heavy-duty high-power machines, the module of the gears can reach 50-70 mm. Gears are now widely used in our daily lives.
In the prior art, the main problems of the gears in China are low precision and low production efficiency, and the wear resistance of the gears is further reduced due to heat generated by the gear materials along with the friction of the gears at high temperature, so that the service life is short. The problem of short service life is particularly prominent.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention provides the high-temperature-resistant wear-resistant gear which is prepared by the raw materials for preparing the gear and has the high-temperature resistance and the wear resistance, wherein the nano calcium carbonate powder coated by the glass fiber doped polybutylene terephthalate is provided.
The invention provides the following technical scheme: the high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant gear is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
further, the aluminum alloy is one or more of 6061 aluminum alloy, 6151 aluminum alloy, 6205 aluminum alloy, 6463 aluminum alloy and 6A02 aluminum alloy.
Further, the carbonized cubic crystal material is TiC and B4C. One or more of SiC, ZrC and VC.
Furthermore, the particle size of the nano calcium carbonate is 20 nm-50 nm.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant gear, which comprises the following steps:
1) mixing the aluminum alloy powder, NiCrBSi powder and ZrB powder2Placing the carbonized cubic crystal material in parts by weight in a planetary ball mill, and grinding at the rotating speed of 200-300 rpm for 1.5-2 h at room temperature to form metal mixed powder with nano particle size;
2) dissolving the nano calcium carbonate and the tetraethoxysilane in parts by weight in a mixed solution of ethanol and distilled water, and stirring at the temperature of 55-60 ℃ and the rotating speed of 150-190 rpm for 30-45 min to obtain modified nano calcium carbonate with hydroxyl functional groups;
3) dissolving the bis (hydrogenated tallow alkyl) dimethyl quaternary ammonium bentonite salt in distilled water by weight to form a bis (hydrogenated tallow alkyl) dimethyl quaternary ammonium bentonite salt solution; mixing the modified nano calcium carbonate obtained in the step 2) with the polybutylene terephthalate and the glass fiber in parts by weight, performing ultrasonic oscillation mixing at the temperature of 240-260 ℃ for 1.25-1.5 h, and continuously dropwise adding the bis (hydrogenated tallow alkyl) dimethyl quaternary ammonium bentonite salt solution in the mixing process to obtain a glass fiber-doped polybutylene terephthalate-coated nano calcium carbonate precursor solution;
4) freeze-drying the precursor solution obtained in the step 3) under vacuum to obtain nano calcium carbonate powder coated by glass fiber doped polybutylene terephthalate;
5) heating and melting the nano-particle-size metal mixed powder obtained in the step 1), the zinc stearate in parts by weight and the nano-calcium carbonate powder coated with the glass fiber-doped polybutylene terephthalate obtained in the step 4) at 300-400 ℃, uniformly mixing, and injecting into a gear mold to obtain the high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant gear.
Further, the particle size of the nano-particle size metal mixed powder obtained in the step 1) is 5 nm-15 nm.
Further, the mixed solution of ethanol and distilled water used in the step 2) is a solution formed by mixing ethanol and distilled water according to a volume ratio of 2: 5-1: 2.
Further, the temperature of heating and melting in the step 5) is 300 to 400 ℃.
Further, the heating rate in the step 3) is 30-50 ℃/min.
Further, the mass fraction of the bis (hydrogenated tallow alkyl) dimethyl quaternary ammonium bentonite salt solution formed in the step 3) is 10-15%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) is an engineering thermoplastic plastic and has the characteristics of high rigidity, high strength, good wear resistance, easy processing and the like. On the other hand, polybutylene terephthalate has a lower thermal deflection temperature, a heat distortion temperature, and a higher notch sensitivity, and its low heat distortion temperature increases the risk of softening due to frictional heat, thereby limiting its gear efficiency at high operating temperatures. However, because PBT has proper wear resistance and higher dimensional stability compared with other thermoplastics (such as polyamide), the technical scheme of the application obtains nano calcium carbonate with hydroxyl functional groups after the nano calcium carbonate is modified by tetraethoxysilane, and then the nano calcium carbonate is combined with polybutylene terephthalate to form a core-shell structure, and then the nano calcium carbonate is doped with glass fibers in the presence of a solution of bis (hydrogenated tallow alkyl) dimethyl quaternary ammonium bentonite, so that the high temperature resistance and wear resistance of the finally formed gear material are further improved.
2. The bis (hydrogenated tallow alkyl) dimethyl quaternary ammonium bentonite salt is used as an organic bentonite salt, has water-oil amphipathy, can improve thixotropy and suspension property in a glass fiber doping process, thereby improving the storage stability of finally obtained glass fiber doped polybutylene terephthalate coated nano calcium carbonate, has large viscosity and low viscosity, is more favorable for being uniformly mixed with the nano-particle-diameter metal mixed powder with the particle diameter of 5 nm-15 nm obtained by grinding in the step 1), and can not cause the phenomena of caking and nonuniform dispersion of the mixed mixture due to low viscosity.
3. After the nano calcium carbonate is modified, the surface of the nano calcium carbonate has abundant hydroxyl functional groups, so that the nano calcium carbonate can be easily combined with polybutylene terephthalate through electrostatic attraction, and meanwhile, the mechanical property and hardness of the finally obtained gear material can be further enhanced by doping the polybutylene terephthalate with glass fibers.
4、ZrB2Is a transition metal boride compound, belongs to a kind of ultra-high temperature co-fired ceramic, and has a higher heat conductivity coefficient than carbide or nitride ceramic besides a high melting point, due to ZrB2Has strong covalent bond to ensure ZrB2Has very low volume and grain boundary diffusion coefficient, and is prepared by adding ZrB2The aluminum alloy powder, NiCrBSi powder and the carbonized cubic crystal material are ground to form the metal mixed powder with the nano-particle size, so that the defects of low heat conductivity coefficient and poor wear resistance of the material caused by overhigh ductility of the aluminum alloy can be overcome.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
According to the high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant gear provided by the embodiment, the preparation material comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the embodiment also provides a preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant gear, which comprises the following steps:
1) will be provided with30 parts of 6061 aluminum alloy powder, 15 parts of NiCrBSi powder and 10 parts of ZrB25 parts of B4C, placing the mixture in a planetary ball mill, and grinding the mixture for 1.5h at the room temperature at the rotating speed of 200rpm to form metal mixed powder with the nano particle size of 5 nm;
2) dissolving 8 parts of nano calcium carbonate with the particle size of 20nm and 4 parts of ethyl orthosilicate in a mixed solution of ethanol and distilled water, and stirring at the temperature of 55 ℃ and the rotating speed of 150rpm for 30min to obtain modified nano calcium carbonate with hydroxyl functional groups, wherein the mixed solution of the ethanol and the distilled water is a mixed solution of the ethanol and the distilled water according to the volume ratio of 2: 5;
3) dissolving 5 parts of bis (hydrogenated tallow alkyl) dimethyl quaternary ammonium bentonite salt in distilled water to form a solution of bis (hydrogenated tallow alkyl) dimethyl quaternary ammonium bentonite salt with the mass fraction concentration of 10%; mixing the modified nano calcium carbonate obtained in the step 3) with 20 parts of polybutylene terephthalate and 3 parts of glass fiber, heating to 240 ℃ at a heating rate of 30 ℃/min, and ultrasonically oscillating and mixing for 1.25h, wherein a bis (hydrogenated tallow alkyl) dimethyl quaternary ammonium bentonite salt solution is continuously dropwise added in the mixing process to obtain a nano calcium carbonate precursor solution wrapped by the polybutylene terephthalate doped with the glass fiber;
4) freeze-drying the precursor solution obtained in the step 3) in vacuum to obtain nano calcium carbonate powder coated by glass fiber doped polybutylene terephthalate;
5) heating and melting the metal mixed powder with the particle size of 5nm obtained in the step 1), 10 parts of zinc stearate and the nano calcium carbonate powder coated by the glass fiber doped polybutylene terephthalate obtained in the step 4) at 300 ℃, uniformly mixing, and injecting into a gear mold to obtain the high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant gear.
Example 2
According to the high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant gear provided by the embodiment, the preparation material comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the embodiment also provides a preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant gear, which comprises the following steps:
1) 35 parts of 6205 aluminum alloy powder, 17.5 parts of NiCrBSi powder and 12.5 parts of ZrB23.5 parts of TiC and 4 parts of ZrC are placed in a planetary ball mill and ground for 1.75 hours at the rotating speed of 250rpm at room temperature to form metal mixed powder with the nano particle size of 10 nm;
2) dissolving 9 parts of nano calcium carbonate with the particle size of 35nm and 6.5 parts of tetraethoxysilane in a mixed solution of ethanol and distilled water, and stirring at the rotating speed of 170rpm at the temperature of 58 ℃ for 40min to obtain modified nano calcium carbonate with hydroxyl functional groups, wherein the mixed solution of the ethanol and the distilled water is a mixed solution of the ethanol and the distilled water according to the volume ratio of 9: 20;
3) dissolving 10 parts of bis (hydrogenated tallow alkyl) dimethyl quaternary ammonium bentonite salt in distilled water to form a bis (hydrogenated tallow alkyl) dimethyl quaternary ammonium bentonite salt solution with the mass fraction of 12%; mixing the modified nano calcium carbonate obtained in the step 3) with 25 parts of polybutylene terephthalate and 4 parts of glass fiber, heating to 250 ℃ at a heating rate of 40 ℃/min, and ultrasonically oscillating and mixing for 1.35h, wherein a bis (hydrogenated tallow alkyl) dimethyl quaternary ammonium bentonite salt solution is continuously dropwise added in the mixing process to obtain a nano calcium carbonate precursor solution wrapped by the polybutylene terephthalate doped with the glass fiber;
4) freeze-drying the precursor solution obtained in the step 3) in vacuum to obtain nano calcium carbonate powder coated by glass fiber doped polybutylene terephthalate;
5) heating and melting the nano-particle-size metal mixed powder obtained in the step 1), 14 parts of zinc stearate and the nano calcium carbonate powder coated with the glass fiber-doped polybutylene terephthalate obtained in the step 4) at the temperature of 3050 ℃, uniformly mixing, and injecting into a gear mold to obtain the high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant gear.
Example 3
According to the high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant gear provided by the embodiment, the preparation material comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the embodiment also provides a preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant gear, which comprises the following steps:
1) 40 parts of 6463 aluminum alloy powder, 20 parts of NiCrBSi powder and 15 parts of ZrB210 parts of SiC is put in a planetary ball mill and ground for 2 hours at the room temperature at the rotating speed of 300rpm to form metal mixed powder with the nano-particle size of 15 nm;
2) dissolving 10 parts of nano calcium carbonate with the particle size of 50nm and 9 parts of ethyl orthosilicate in a mixed solution of ethanol and distilled water, and stirring at the temperature of 60 ℃ and the rotating speed of 190rpm for 45min to obtain modified nano calcium carbonate with hydroxyl functional groups, wherein the mixed solution of the ethanol and the distilled water is a mixed solution of the ethanol and the distilled water according to the volume ratio of 1: 2;
3) dissolving 15 parts of bis (hydrogenated tallow alkyl) dimethyl quaternary ammonium bentonite salt in distilled water to form a solution of bis (hydrogenated tallow alkyl) dimethyl quaternary ammonium bentonite salt with the mass fraction of 15%; mixing the modified nano calcium carbonate obtained in the step 3) with 30 parts of polybutylene terephthalate and 5 parts of glass fiber, heating to 260 ℃ at a heating rate of 50 ℃/min, and ultrasonically oscillating and mixing for 1.5h, wherein the bis (hydrogenated tallow alkyl) dimethyl quaternary ammonium bentonite salt solution is continuously dropwise added in the mixing process to obtain a nano calcium carbonate precursor solution wrapped by the polybutylene terephthalate doped with the glass fiber;
4) freeze-drying the precursor solution obtained in the step 3) in vacuum to obtain nano calcium carbonate powder coated by glass fiber doped polybutylene terephthalate;
5) heating and melting the mixed metal powder with the nano particle size obtained in the step 1), 18 parts of zinc stearate and the nano calcium carbonate powder coated by the glass fiber doped polybutylene terephthalate obtained in the step 4) at the temperature of 300-400 ℃, uniformly mixing, and injecting into a gear mold to obtain the high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant gear.
Comparative example 1
This example differs from example 1 only in that an epoxy resin was used in place of polybutylene terephthalate, and the components of the raw materials for gear production and the method for producing gears were the same as in example 1
Comparative example 2
The present example is different from example 1 only in that nano calcium carbonate is not added, and the components of the raw materials for gear production and the method for producing the gear are the same as example 1.
Comparative example 3
This example is different from example 1 only in that the components of the raw materials for gear production and the method for producing the gear are the same as in example 1 without adding glass fibers.
Comparative example 4
This example differs from example 1 only in that the components of the raw material for gear production and the method for producing the gear are the same as in example 1 except that bis (hydrogenated tallow alkyl) dimethyl quaternary ammonium bentonite salt is not added.
Test example
The wear resistance represented by the degree of damage to the gear edge after rotating at 3000rpm and the high temperature resistance represented by the mechanical strength at 100 c, 300 c, 500 c were measured for examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that while some embodiments herein include some features included in other embodiments, rather than other features, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention and form different embodiments. For example, in the claims above, any of the claimed embodiments may be used in any combination. The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. The high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant gear is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
2. the high temperature and wear resistant gear according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy is one or more of 6061 aluminum alloy, 6151 aluminum alloy, 6205 aluminum alloy, 6463 aluminum alloy, and 6A02 aluminum alloy.
3. The high temperature and wear resistant gear of claim 1, wherein the carbonized cubic crystal material is TiC, B4C. One or more of SiC, ZrC and VC.
4. The high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant gear according to claim 1, wherein the nano calcium carbonate has a particle size of 20nm to 50 nm.
5. The method for preparing the high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant gear according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) mixing the aluminum alloy powder, NiCrBSi powder and ZrB powder2Placing the carbonized cubic crystal material in parts by weight in a planetary ball mill, and grinding at the rotating speed of 200-300 rpm for 1.5-2 h at room temperature to form metal mixed powder with nano particle size;
2) dissolving the nano calcium carbonate and the tetraethoxysilane in parts by weight in a mixed solution of ethanol and distilled water, and stirring at the temperature of 55-60 ℃ and the rotating speed of 150-190 rpm for 30-45 min to obtain modified nano calcium carbonate with hydroxyl functional groups;
3) dissolving the weight parts of bis (hydrogenated tallow alkyl) dimethyl quaternary ammonium bentonite salt in distilled water to form a bis (hydrogenated tallow alkyl) dimethyl quaternary ammonium bentonite salt solution; mixing the modified nano calcium carbonate obtained in the step 2) with the polybutylene terephthalate and the glass fiber in parts by weight, gradually heating to 240-260 ℃, ultrasonically oscillating and mixing for 1.25-1.5 h, and continuously dropwise adding the bis (hydrogenated tallow alkyl) dimethyl quaternary ammonium bentonite salt solution in the mixing process to obtain a nano calcium carbonate precursor solution wrapped by the polybutylene terephthalate doped with the glass fiber;
4) freeze-drying the precursor solution obtained in the step 3) under vacuum to obtain nano calcium carbonate powder coated by glass fiber doped polybutylene terephthalate;
5) heating and melting the nano-particle-size metal mixed powder obtained in the step 1), the zinc stearate in parts by weight and the nano-calcium carbonate powder coated with the glass fiber-doped polybutylene terephthalate obtained in the step 4) at 300-400 ℃, uniformly mixing, and injecting into a gear mold to obtain the high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant gear.
6. The method for preparing the high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant gear according to claim 5, wherein the nano-sized metal mixed powder obtained in the step 1) has a particle size of 5nm to 15 nm.
7. The method for preparing the high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant gear according to claim 5, wherein the mixed solution of ethanol and distilled water used in the step 2) is a solution obtained by mixing ethanol and distilled water according to a volume ratio of 2: 5-1: 2.
8. The method for preparing a high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant gear according to claim 5, wherein the temperature for heating and melting in step 5) is 300 ℃ to 400 ℃.
9. The method for preparing the high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant gear according to claim 5, wherein the temperature rise rate in the step 3) is 30 ℃/min to 50 ℃/min.
10. The method for preparing a high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant gear according to claim 5, wherein the solution of bis (hydrogenated tallow alkyl) dimethyl quaternary ammonium bentonite salt formed in the step 3) is 10-15% by weight.
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| CN106829963A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-06-13 | 吴中区穹窿山福顺生物技术研究所 | A kind of gear nano level metal carbide composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN107457712A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2017-12-12 | 安徽昌悌进出口贸易有限公司 | A kind of resin base high abrasion emery wheel material and preparation method thereof |
| CN107353599A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-11-17 | 伊婕 | A kind of wear-resisting type composite and preparation method thereof |
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