CN113041481A - 具有方位传感器的球囊导管 - Google Patents
具有方位传感器的球囊导管 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明题为“具有方位传感器的球囊导管”。本发明公开医疗设备,医疗设备包括柔性插入管,柔性插入管具有被配置用于插入到活体受试者身体内的腔中的远侧端部并且包含穿过插入管到达远侧端部的管腔。可充胀球囊能够从插入管的远侧端部部署并且被配置成在探头被部署在身体内的腔中时通过流体穿过管腔而得以充胀。至少一个柔性电路基板附接到可充胀球囊的表面。一个或多个电极在球囊被充胀时接触身体内的腔中的组织,该一个或多个电极包含设置至少一个柔性电路基板的外侧上的导电材料。螺旋导电迹线设置在至少一个柔性电路基板上。
Description
技术领域
本发明整体涉及侵入式医疗探头,并且具体地讲,涉及球囊导管。
背景技术
球囊导管包括位于其远侧端部处的可充胀球囊,该可充胀球囊可根据需要进行充胀和泄放。在操作中,球囊通常在导管被插入到患者的体腔(例如,心脏的腔室)中时泄放,然后在腔内被充胀以便执行必要的规程,并且在完成规程后再次泄放。
例如,美国专利申请公布2018/0280658描述一种医疗设备,该医疗设备包括:探头,该探头具有被配置用于插入到体腔中的远侧端部并且包含通过远侧端部开放的管腔;以及可充胀球囊,该可充胀球囊能够通过管腔部署到体腔中。该医疗装置还包括柔性印刷电路板,该柔性印刷电路板具有附接到可充胀球囊的外部壁的第一侧和与第一侧相背对的第二侧;以及超声换能器,该超声换能器安装在柔性印刷电路板的第一侧上并且被封装在球囊的外部壁和柔性印刷电路板之间。在一些实施方案中,医疗设备可包括安装在柔性电路板上并且被配置为位置传感器的电极。
发明内容
下文所述的本发明的实施方案提供用于找出球囊导管在身体的内部的方位的改进的设备和方法。
因此,根据本发明的实施方案,提供医疗设备,该医疗设备包括柔性插入管,所述柔性插入管具有被配置用于插入到活体受试者身体内的腔中的远侧端部并且包含穿过所述插入管到达所述远侧端部的管腔。可充胀球囊能够从所述插入管的所述远侧端部部署并且被配置成在探头被部署在所述身体内的所述腔中时通过流体穿过所述管腔而得以充胀。至少一个柔性电路基板附接到所述可充胀球囊的表面。包含导电材料的一个或多个电极设置在所述至少一个柔性电路基板的外侧上,以便在所述球囊被充胀时接触所述身体内的所述腔中的组织。螺旋导电迹线设置在所述至少一个柔性电路基板上。
在一些实施方案中,所述插入管具有被配置用于连接到控制台的近侧端部,并且所述设备包括将所述一个或多个电极和所述螺旋导电迹线联接到所述控制台的电布线。在一个实施方案中,所述设备包括信号发生电路,所述信号发生电路被配置成经由所述电布线向所述一个或多个电极供应电信号,以便将治疗规程施加到与所述一个或多个电极接触的组织。
附加地或另选地,所述设备包括方位感测电路,所述方位感测电路被配置成经由所述电布线接收由所述螺旋导电迹线响应于施加到所述身体的磁场而输出的信号,并且处理所述信号以便得到所述充胀球囊在所述身体内的方位坐标。在本发明所公开的实施方案中,所述磁场包括沿不同的相应轴线指向的多个磁场分量,并且所述方位感测电路被配置成响应于所述多个磁场分量来处理所述信号,以便得到所述充胀球囊在所述身体内的位置坐标和取向坐标两者。附加地或另选地,所述设备包括一个或多个磁场发生器,所述一个或多个磁场发生器被配置成接近所述身体定位并且向所述身体施加所述磁场。
在一些实施方案中,所述至少一个柔性印刷电路基板包括围绕所述可充胀球囊周向地分布的多个柔性电路基板,并且所述一个或多个电极包括分别设置在所述多个所述柔性印刷电路基板上的多个电极。在一个此类实施方案中,所述螺旋导电迹线包括分别设置在所述柔性电路基板中的两个或更多个柔性电路基板上的两条或更多条螺旋导电迹线。所述设备可附加地包括方位感测电路,所述方位感测电路被配置成接收由所述两条或更多条螺旋导电迹线响应于施加到所述身体的磁场而输出的相应信号,并且组合处理所述相应信号以便得到所述充胀球囊在所述身体内的方位坐标。
在本发明所公开的实施方案中,所述柔性插入管的所述远侧端部被配置用于插入到所述受试者的心脏的腔室中。
根据本发明的实施方案,还提供一种用于方位感测的方法,所述方法包括提供柔性插入管,所述柔性插入管具有被配置用于插入到活体受试者身体内的腔中的远侧端部并且包含穿过所述插入管到达所述远侧端部的管腔。可充胀球囊联接成从所述插入管的所述远侧端部部署并且在探头被部署在所述身体内的所述腔中时通过流体穿过所述管腔而得以充胀。至少一个柔性印刷电路基板附接到所述可充胀球囊的表面。导电材料沉积在所述至少一个柔性电路基板上以便:在所述柔性电路基板的外侧上形成一个或多个电极,由此所述一个或多个电极在所述球囊被充胀时接触所述身体内的所述腔中的组织;并且在所述至少一个柔性电路基板上形成螺旋导电迹线。
结合附图,通过以下对本发明的实施方案的详细描述,将更全面地理解本发明,其中:
附图说明
图1为根据本发明的实施方案的用于心脏中的电生理测量和治疗的系统的示意性图解;并且
图2为根据本发明的实施方案的部署在心脏的腔室中的球囊导管的远侧端部的示意性侧视图。
具体实施方式
球囊导管广泛地用于侵入式治疗和诊断规程,具体地讲用于心脏的腔室的内部。用于找出导管及其远侧端部处的球囊在心脏内的坐标的各种方法是本领域已知的。导管远侧端部中的磁性传感器可用于找出导管本身的位置坐标和取向坐标,并且因此找出附接到导管的球囊的近侧端部的位置坐标和取向坐标。然而,这种测量通常不足以给出球囊的远侧和围绕球囊的外表面设置的电极的坐标的准确指示,原因是球囊的形状和大小基本上随球囊内的充胀压力以及球囊的外表面和心脏中的组织之间的接触压力变化。
在一些球囊导管插入系统,诸如上面提及的美国专利申请公布2018/0280658中描述的系统中,通过测量球囊上的电极和身体表面上的电极之间的阻抗来估计球囊的位置。然而,此类方法是不准确的,并且使得系统仅能够估计球囊的位置坐标而不能估计取向。
响应于本领域已知的系统中的此缺陷,本发明的实施方案提供具有附加磁性方位传感器的球囊导管,这些附加的磁性方位传感器在球囊表面上呈一条或多条螺旋导电迹线的形式。(如在本说明书和权利要求书中所使用的术语“螺旋”是指绕中心点缠绕的路径,其中路径的每次连续转弯靠近中心点或从中心点后退,这取决于路径被遍历的方向。螺旋线的线匝可以是弯曲的或矩形的或具有任何其它合适的形状。)每个此类螺旋迹线充当线圈,并且当被放置在磁场中时输出电信号。可处理来自这些线圈的电信号以找出整个球囊(包括球囊的远侧)的位置和取向,而不管由于内部压力和外部压力所致的球囊的大小和形状的变化如何。
在本发明所公开的实施方案中,医疗设备包括柔性插入管,该柔性插入管被配置用于插入到活体受试者身体内的腔(诸如心脏的腔室)中。可充胀球囊从插入管的远侧端部部署,其中至少一个柔性电路基板附接到球囊的表面。包含导电材料的一个或多个电极连同充当线圈的螺旋导电迹线被沉积或以其它方式设置在柔性电路基板的外侧上。在一些实施方案中,多个柔性电路基板围绕球囊周向地分布,其中电极和螺旋导电迹线形成电路基板中的一些或全部。一旦插入管的远侧端部在身体内的腔中就位,球囊就通过流体穿过插入管中的管腔而得以充胀,并且因此接触身体内腔中的组织。
为了找出充胀球囊的方位(位置和取向)坐标,向身体施加磁场。方位感测电路接收并处理由螺旋导电迹线输出的信号,以便得到方位坐标。由于空间和大小约束,由螺旋导电迹线形成的线圈通常具有小直径(例如,约2mm)和相对较少的线匝,并且因此可能仅输出弱信号。当螺旋导电迹线在多个柔性电路基板上形成时,可组合处理相应信号,以便得到具有改善的信噪比并且因此增强的准确性的方位坐标。
图1是根据本发明的实施方案的用于心脏的电生理(EP)感测和治疗的基于导管的系统20的示意性图解。系统20包括导管21,该导管包括用于经血管插入到被示出躺在手术台29上的患者28的心脏26中的插入管22。可充胀球囊40部署在插入管22的远侧端部25处(如图1中的插图所见)。在图示的实施方案中,球囊40用于治疗规程,诸如消融心脏26的左心房中的肺静脉的口51周围的组织。以下参考图2描述球囊40的结构和功能的细节。
导管21的近侧端部连接到包括电源45的控制台24,该电源通常包括射频(RF)信号发生电路。电源45经由行进穿过插入管22的电布线向球囊40上的电极供应RF电信号,以便将治疗规程施加到与电极接触的组织。例如,根据RF电信号的电压、频率和功率,可应用球囊40来通过RF消融或通过心脏组织的不可逆电穿孔(IRE)治疗心脏26中的心律失常。附加地或另选地,球囊上的电极可用于EP感测和标测心脏26中的电信号。
为了执行治疗或诊断规程,医师30首先将护套23插入到患者28的心脏26中,然后使插入管22穿过护套。医师30通过使用靠近导管的近侧端部的操纵器32操纵导管21来将插入管22的远侧端部25朝向心脏26中的目标位置(例如,接近口51)推进。在插入管22插入期间,球囊40被充胀并且由护套23保持在塌缩构型中。
一旦插入管22的远侧端部25已到达心脏26中的左心房,医师30就回缩护套23,部分地使球囊40充胀,并且进一步操纵导管21以便将球囊导航到肺静脉口51内的目标位置。当球囊40已到达目标位置时,医师30使球囊40完全充胀,使得围绕球囊周向地设置的电极(图2)接触口周围的组织。控制台24可通过测量电极中的每个电极和组织之间的阻抗来验证电极与组织处于良好接触。一旦建立良好的接触,医师30就致动电源45以向组织施加RF功率。
在此规程期间,系统20施加磁性方位感测来跟踪插入管22和球囊40在心脏26内的位置和取向,并且因此指导医师30将球囊操纵到目标位置(在本示例中,在口51内)并且验证球囊适当地就位。为此,如图1中的插图所示,插入管22的远侧端部25包含位于稍微接近球囊40的位置中的磁性方位传感器39。一个或多个磁场发生器36固定在接近患者28的身体的已知方位中,例如如图1所示在床29下方。控制台24中的驱动电路34将驱动信号施加到磁场发生器,以便产生沿不同的相应轴线指向的多个磁场分量。在对心脏26中的远侧端部25进行导航期间,磁性传感器39响应于磁场分量而输出信号。方位感测电路(诸如控制台24中的处理器41)经由接口电路44接收这些信号,并且处理这些信号以便找出远侧端部25的位置坐标和取向坐标。这些坐标还指示从插入管22的远侧端部25部署的球囊40的近侧端部的位置和取向。
此外,如图2所示,球囊40本身在其表面上具有呈螺旋导电迹线形式的一个或多个感测线圈。这些感测线圈同样响应于由磁场发生器36施加的磁场而输出信号。处理器41处理这些信号以便得到充胀球囊,并且具体地讲球囊的接触心脏26中组织的远侧部分的位置坐标和取向坐标。处理器41例如通过以下方式将球囊40的坐标呈现在显示器27上:将在由方位传感器指示的位置和取向中的球囊的图形表示叠加在球囊所位于的心室的三维标测图上。
在系统20中实现的用于磁性方位感测的方法和设备是基于在由BiosenseWebster,Inc.(Irvine,California)生产的系统中使用的那些。此类磁性感测的操作原理描述于例如美国专利5,391,199、6,690,963、6,484,118、6,239,724、6,618,612和6,332,089、PCT专利公布WO 96/05768以及美国专利申请公布2002/0065455 A1、2003/0120150 A1和2004/0068178A1中,这些专利的公开内容据此如同完全陈述那样均以引用方式整体并入本文。另选地,系统20可实现本领域已知的其它磁性方位感测技术。
在一些实施方案中,处理器41包括通用计算机,该通用计算机具有用于从导管21(包括低噪声放大器和模拟/数字转换器)接收信号,以及用于从系统20的其它部件接收信号并该控制系统的其它部件的操作的合适接口电路44。处理器41通常在存储在系统20的存储器48中的软件的控制下执行这些功能。该软件可通过网络以电子形式被下载到计算机,例如或者其可另选地或另外地设置和/或存储在非临时性有形介质(诸如磁存储器、光存储器或电子存储器)上。附加地或另选地,可通过专用或可编程硬件逻辑来执行处理器41的功能中的至少一些功能。
图2是根据本发明的实施方案的从插入管22的远侧端部25部署的球囊40的示意性侧视图。球囊40在此图中被示出在口51内处于其充胀状态。球囊40通常通过流体(诸如盐水溶液)穿过插入管22中的管腔(未示出)而得以充胀。
球囊40通常由柔性生物相容性材料,诸如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚氨酯、尼龙或硅树脂形成。多个柔性电路基板60例如使用合适的环氧树脂或其它粘合剂附接到球囊40的外表面58,并且围绕球囊40周向地分布。基板60包括合适的介电材料诸如聚酰亚胺,可使用本领域已知的印刷电路制造技术在该基板上沉积和蚀刻电迹线。在将基板60附接到外表面58之前,通过沉积和蚀刻合适的导电材料诸如金来在基板60的外侧上形成电极55。因此,当球囊40被充胀时,电极55将接触心脏26中的组织,诸如口51的组织。
螺旋导电迹线66以与电极类似的方式沉积在基板60上,并且用作磁性感测线圈62。感测线圈62的尺寸被基板60上的可用空间限制为例如约2mm×2mm。为了增强灵敏度,迹线66通常具有例如0.4mm或更小的细微节距,并且可被绝缘涂层覆盖以防止身体组织和流体使迹线短路。电布线64通过插入管22将感测线圈62联接到控制台24,并且电极55通过布线以类似的方式联接到控制台。(导电迹线可使用本领域已知的印刷电路制造技术形成在基板60的两侧上,或沉积在基板上的多个层中,以使得布线64能够连接到线圈62的中心点。)在图2所示的实施方案中,呈直线螺旋形式的导电迹线66连接到迹线68和迹线70或作为该迹线和该迹线的一部分延伸,该导电迹线延伸穿过导管轴25回到柄部,使得线圈62可用于检测磁场发生器,如参考患者进行的。线圈62的其它变型以及方法在专利申请US20180180684中有所描述和例示,该专利申请据此如同完全陈述那样以引用方式并入,其副本附加在附录中。
如上所述,处理器41接收并处理由感测线圈62响应于由磁场发生器36产生的磁场而输出的信号,并且因此得到充胀球囊40的远侧在心脏26中的位置坐标和取向坐标两者。在图示的实施方案中,感测线圈62在围绕球囊40的不同位置处形成在多个不同基板60上。处理器41例如通过找出多个感测线圈的方位坐标的方向平均值来处理由感测线圈62组合输出的相应信号。因此,处理器41能够以增强的准确度得到充胀球囊的方位坐标。
尽管上述实施方案具体地讲涉及在肺静脉内和周围对心脏进行消融疗法,但是本发明的原理在加以必要的变更的情况下可类似地应用于心脏以及其它体腔内的其它治疗和诊断规程。因此应当理解,上面描述的实施方案以举例的方式被引用,并且本发明不限于上文特定示出和描述的内容。相反,本发明的范围包括上述各种特征的组合和子组合以及它们的变型和修改,本领域的技术人员在阅读上述说明时应当想到所述变型和修改,并且所述变型和修改并未在现有技术中公开。
Claims (20)
1.医疗设备,包括:
柔性插入管,所述柔性插入管具有被配置用于插入到活体受试者身体内的腔中的远侧端部并且包含穿过所述插入管到达所述远侧端部的管腔;
可充胀球囊,所述可充胀球囊能够从所述插入管的远侧端部部署并且被配置成在探头被部署在所述身体内的所述腔中时通过流体穿过所述管腔而得以充胀;
至少一个柔性电路基板,所述至少一个柔性电路基板附接到所述可充胀球囊的表面;
一个或多个电极,所述一个或多个电极包含导电材料,所述一个或多个电极设置在所述至少一个柔性电路基板的外侧上,以便在所述球囊被充胀时接触所述身体内的所述腔中的组织;和
螺旋导电迹线,所述螺旋导电迹线设置在所述至少一个柔性电路基板上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述插入管具有被配置用于连接到控制台的近侧端部,并且所述设备包括将所述一个或多个电极和所述螺旋导电迹线联接到所述控制台的电布线。
3.根据权利要求2所述的设备,并且包括信号发生电路,所述信号发生电路被配置成经由所述电布线向所述一个或多个电极供应电信号以便将治疗规程施加到与所述一个或多个电极接触的所述组织。
4.根据权利要求2所述的设备,并且包括方位感测电路,所述方位感测电路被配置成经由所述电布线接收由所述螺旋导电迹线响应于施加到所述身体的磁场而输出的信号,并且处理所述信号以便得到所述充胀球囊在所述身体内的方位坐标。
5.根据权利要求4所述的设备,其中所述磁场包括沿不同的相应轴线指向的多个磁场分量,并且其中所述方位感测电路被配置成响应于所述多个磁场分量来处理所述信号,以便得到所述充胀球囊在所述身体内的位置坐标和取向坐标两者。
6.根据权利要求4所述的设备,并且包括一个或多个磁场发生器,所述一个或多个磁场发生器被配置成接近所述身体定位并且向所述身体施加所述磁场。
7.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述至少一个柔性印刷电路基板包括围绕所述可充胀球囊周向地分布的多个柔性电路基板,并且所述一个或多个电极包括分别设置在所述多个所述柔性印刷电路基板上的多个电极。
8.根据权利要求7所述的设备,其中所述螺旋导电迹线包括分别设置在所述柔性电路基板中的两个或更多个柔性电路基板上的两条或更多条螺旋导电迹线。
9.根据权利要求8所述的设备,并且包括方位感测电路,所述方位感测电路被配置成接收由所述两条或更多条螺旋导电迹线响应于施加到所述身体的磁场而输出的相应信号,并且组合处理所述相应信号以便得到所述充胀球囊在所述身体内的方位坐标。
10.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述柔性插入管的远侧端部被配置用于插入到所述受试者的心脏的腔室中。
11.一种用于方位感测的方法,包括:
提供柔性插入管,所述柔性插入管具有被配置用于插入到活体受试者身体内的腔中的远侧端部并且包含穿过所述插入管到达所述远侧端部的管腔;
将可充胀球囊联接成从所述插入管的远侧端部被部署并且在探头被部署在所述身体内的所述腔中时通过流体穿过所述管腔而得以充胀;
将至少一个柔性印刷电路基板附接到所述可充胀球囊的表面;以及
将导电材料沉积在所述至少一个柔性电路基板上以便:在所述柔性电路基板的外侧上形成一个或多个电极,由此所述一个或多个电极在所述球囊被充胀时接触所述身体内的所述腔中的组织;并且在所述至少一个柔性电路基板上形成螺旋导电迹线。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,并且包括经由行进穿过所述柔性插入管的电布线将所述一个或多个电极和所述螺旋导电迹线联接到控制台。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,并且包括经由所述电布线向所述一个或多个电极供应电信号,以便将治疗规程施加到与所述一个或多个电极接触的所述组织。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法,并且包括经由所述电布线接收由所述螺旋导电迹线响应于施加到所述身体的磁场而输出的信号,以及处理所述信号以便得到所述充胀球囊在所述身体内的方位坐标。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,并且包括在所述身体附近生成沿不同的相应轴线指向的多个磁场分量,并且其中处理所述信号包括响应于所述多个磁场分量而得到所述充胀球囊在所述身体内的位置坐标和取向坐标两者。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中生成所述多个磁场分量包括接近所述身体定位一个或多个磁场发生器以便向所述身体施加所述磁场分量。
17.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述至少一个柔性印刷电路基板包括围绕所述可充胀球囊周向地分布的多个柔性电路基板,并且所述一个或多个电极包括分别设置在所述多个所述柔性印刷电路基板上的多个电极。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述螺旋导电迹线包括分别设置在所述柔性电路基板中的两个或更多个柔性电路基板上的两条或更多条螺旋导电迹线。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法,并且包括接收由所述两条或更多条螺旋导电迹线响应于施加到所述身体的磁场而输出的相应信号,以及组合处理所述相应信号以便得到所述充胀球囊在所述身体内的方位坐标。
20.根据权利要求11所述的方法,并且包括将所述柔性插入管的远侧端部插入到所述受试者的心脏的腔室中。
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