CN113040073A - 一种鱼虾通用驱虫精油复合剂及其应用 - Google Patents
一种鱼虾通用驱虫精油复合剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种鱼虾通用驱虫精油复合剂及其应用,属于水产养殖技术领域,具体由以下重量份的原料制成:桉树精油,侧柏精油,牛至精油,椰油;配合鱼虾饲料进行投喂,以达到驱除鱼虾体内寄生虫的目的。采用桉树精油中的桉叶油素、香茅醛、水芹烯、胡椒酮、乙酸香叶酯和柠檬醛,和侧柏精油,牛至精油配合,对鱼虾类中常见的寄生虫进行杀灭和驱除,同时能提高鱼虾的自身免疫力,避免多次感染。本发明选用的桉树精油,侧柏精油以及牛至精油安全,无毒害,鱼虾适应好,对环境无危害。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产养殖技术领域,特别涉及一种鱼虾通用驱虫精油复合剂及其应用。
背景技术
世界水产养殖以亚洲一些国家最为发达,主要有中国、日本、印度和东南亚诸国。20世纪80年代初全世界鱼、贝、虾、蟹类等水产品养殖的总产量约为600万吨,其中66%为淡水养殖产量,余为海水养殖产量。亚洲各国产量(中国占其中的半数)占养殖总产量的85%,苏联占6%,美洲和欧洲各占2%左右。
中国淡水养殖历史可追溯到公元前11世纪。公元前5世纪已有《养鱼经》问世。淡水养殖主要有两种类型:一是池塘精养鲤科鱼类,以投饵、施肥取得高产,并将各种不同食性的鱼类进行混养,以充分发挥水体生产力。另一类型是在湖泊、水库、河沟、水稻田等大、中型水域中放养苗种,主要依靠天然饵料获得水产品。1986年全国淡水养殖面积约4600万亩(约占可养面积的61%),其中池塘占35%,集中在长江中下游和珠江三角洲;湖泊占17%,主要在长江中、下游和东北、内蒙古地区;水库占37%,分布全国;河沟占9%,主要在江苏、浙江水网地区。淡水养殖总产量多年来一直居世界首位,以22%左右的速度递增,1986年产量为295万吨,占全国水产总产量的36%。其中池塘占74%,水库占8%,其余为湖泊、河沟和水稻田的产量。
全世界淡水、海水养殖都还有巨大的发展潜力,这是因为:①全世界适于发展水产养殖的非洲大片条件优越的水域尚未开发利用,而这些水域的生产力可高于其他地区。②养殖种类的迅速传播和交流,可促使养殖品种单一的地区提高产量。如适应性广的非鲫和对虾等已成为世界性的优良养殖品种,对提高产量作用很大。③先进的养殖技术和有关基础理论如遗传育种和遗传工程等的研究和应用,将极大地提高产量和增加养殖种类。④人工繁殖和阶段发育理论的应用可为养殖业稳定供应大量苗种。⑤对水生经济动植物生理、生态学的深入研究可为养殖对象提供具全价营养的配合饵料和最适生长环境;连同高密度流水养鱼、混养、综合养鱼等综合性先进技术的运用,将为养殖业的大幅度发展提供了巨大的可能性。
由于在现代养殖业中,由于环境问题,在养殖过程中,容易造成养殖的鱼虾滋生寄生虫,一些常见的寄生虫可通过食物链进入人体以及环境中,给人类带来不可避免的危害。因此,在食品卫生的监管下,需要将养殖中的鱼虾进行驱虫,以达到食品卫生标准。养殖过程中,尤其是淡水养殖,一般选择鱼虾混养模式,饵料丰富,微生物生长环境富营养化,导致鱼虾类的寄生虫极易生长。但在现实中,给鱼类的驱虫药使用不当,尤其是含有金属类的驱虫剂,也会通过食物链进入人体或动物体内,造成危害。因此,亟需安全无毒害的鱼虾驱虫药物,以杀灭鱼虾体内的寄生虫。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了提供鱼虾通用驱虫精油复合剂,安全,无毒害,且能驱除鱼虾常见的寄生虫。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案为:
一种鱼虾通用驱虫精油复合剂,由以下重量份的原料制成:桉树精油20-25份,侧柏精油6-8份,牛至精油5-7份,椰油8-10份。
作为本发明一优选的实施方式,由以下重量份的原料制成:桉树精油20份,侧柏精油6份,牛至精油7份,椰油10份。
作为本发明一优选的实施方式,由以下重量份的原料制成:桉树精油23份,侧柏精油8份,牛至精油5份,椰油9份。
作为本发明一优选的实施方式,由以下重量份的原料制成:桉树精油25份,侧柏精油7份,牛至精油6份,椰油8份。
作为本发明一优选的实施方式,所述桉树精油为澳洲小叶桉树精油,所述桉树精油包含以下组分:桉叶油素、香茅醛、水芹烯、胡椒酮、乙酸香叶酯和柠檬醛。
作为本发明一优选的实施方式,所述牛至精油为希腊牛至精油。
作为本发明一优选的实施方式,所述椰油为载体。
作为本发明一优选的实施方式,所述驱虫精油可用于杀死下列寄生虫:肺吸虫,纤毛虫,华支睾吸虫,曼氏迭宫绦虫,车轮虫。
作为本发明一优选的实施方式,所述鱼虾通用驱虫精油复合剂的应用方法为:将所述鱼虾通用驱虫精油复合剂按比例配置好后,以1.5-2kg/吨饲料的用量均匀混合在鱼虾的食用饲料中,按日常投喂方式,连续投喂10-15天。
桉树精油:从桉树叶中提取的桉叶油有芳香味、挥发性,主要化学成分是萜类化合物及其含氧衍生物,具有抗菌、抗氧化、抗炎、促渗、杀虫驱蚊止痒及防腐作用。
牛至:性味:味辛;微苦;性凉。功能主治:解表;理气;清暑;利湿。主感冒发热;中暑;胸膈胀满;腹痛吐泻痢疾;黄疸;水肿;带下;小儿疽积;麻疹;皮肤瘙痒;疮疡肿痛;跌打损伤。牛至精油可起到消炎杀菌,消灭多种生物内的敏感菌和致病菌,并能增强生物体的抗病毒能力。
侧柏:【藏药】热秀:枝叶治肾热病,炭疽病,体虚,疮疖疔痈;球果用于肝病,脾病,骨蒸,淋病,热毒《藏本草》。阿休:鳞叶治吐血,衄血,尿血,便血,暴崩下血,血热脱发,须发早白;种子治惊悸,失眠,遗精,盗汗,便秘;树枝治风痹历节风,齿匿肿痛;树干燃烧后分泌的树脂汁治疥癣,癞疮,秃疮,黄水疮,丹毒,解毒杀虫,止痛,生肌;根皮治烧,烫伤,长毛发《滇省志》。侧柏精油:主要功效有抗菌消炎、收敛、利尿、柔软、化痰、杀霉菌、补身
综上所述,本发明相对于现有技术其有益效果是:
本发明采用桉树精油中的桉叶油素、香茅醛、水芹烯、胡椒酮、乙酸香叶酯和柠檬醛,和侧柏精油,牛至精油配合,对鱼虾类中常见的寄生虫进行杀灭和驱除,同时能提高鱼虾的自身免疫力,避免多次感染。本发明选用的桉树精油,侧柏精油以及牛至精油安全,无毒害,鱼虾适应好,对环境无危害。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例一中鲈鱼的健康状态;
图2为本发明实施例二中对虾感染纤毛虫的症状显微镜图;
图3为本发明实施例二中对虾的健康状态;
图4为本发明实施例三中虾蛄的健康状态。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明。在此需要说明的是,对于这些实施方式的说明用于帮助理解本发明,但并不构成对本发明的限定。此外,下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
实施例一
鲈鱼在水中,出现鱼唇和鱼头泛白,鱼体泛黑,鱼群围绕池边狂游等症状,可鉴定感染了车轮虫。
淡水鲈鱼养殖驱虫试验
将感染车轮虫的鲈鱼分成两组,一组选用桉树精油20份,侧柏精油6份,牛至精油7份,椰油10份,配置出鱼虾通用驱虫精油复合剂,以1.8kg/吨饲料的用量均匀混合在鲈鱼的食用饲料中,按日常投喂方式,一天投喂2次,连续投喂13天,并观察记录试验鱼的状态,同时检测鲈鱼生长的环境,编号为A。
另一组采用市场上采用的吡喹酮预混剂按使用说明,混合在鲈鱼的食用饲料中,按日常投喂方式,连续投喂10-12天,并观察记录试验鱼的状态,同时检测鲈鱼生长的环境,编号为B。
如图1所示,本实施例一制备的鱼虾通用驱虫精油复合剂,鱼体恢复正常状态,活动正常。
实施例二
选用桉树精油23份,侧柏精油8份,牛至精油5份,椰油9份,配置出鱼虾通用驱虫精油复合剂。
外塘养殖白对虾,出现对虾对虾吃料减慢、对虾生长停滞;中则对虾出现爬沙爬边,时期长起慢性肠炎,在蜕壳期间出现零星偷死,呈现典型的对虾感染纤毛虫的症状。
一组采用实施例二制备的鱼虾通用驱虫精油复合剂按1.2kg拌1吨对虾饲料,按正常的饲养管理来进行,连续投喂12日,每天投喂3次。7日和12日后分别再次检查白对虾的情况。如图2所示,饲喂初期,纤毛虫吸附在对虾体表、鳃丝等部位,感染纤毛虫的典型症状;饲喂7天后,对虾体型逐渐恢复正常,肠道和胃有食物,肝胰腺变清晰,体色转通透,饲喂12天后,白对虾体态基本正常,活动力好,生长状态恢复正常水平,如图3所示,说明实施例二制备的鱼虾通用驱虫精油复合剂对白对虾具有明显的驱虫效果。同时,检测养殖对虾的水样,并无出现毒害对虾的物质。
另一组采用市场上常用的虾类驱虫药物,按使用说明,混合在对虾的食用饲料中,按正常的饲养管理来进行,连续投喂12日,每天投喂3次。7日和12日后分别再次检查白对虾的情况,饲喂初期,纤毛虫吸附在对虾体表、鳃丝等部位,感染纤毛虫的典型症状;饲喂7天后,纤毛虫吸附在大部分对虾体表、鳃丝,饲喂12天后,对虾体型逐渐恢复正常,肠道和胃有食物,肝胰腺变清晰,体色转通透,活动力差,生长状态落后,同时检测养殖对虾的水样,出现毒害对虾的物质。
实施例三
选用桉树精油25份,侧柏精油7份,牛至精油6份,椰油8份,配置出鱼虾通用驱虫精油复合剂,
海水养殖虾蛄,在虾蛄成熟期前发现虾蛄腹部具有体积很小、会蠕动、淡红色的寄生虫,经显微镜检测确认为肺吸虫。
一组采用实施例三配置出的鱼虾通用驱虫精油复合剂,按1.6kg拌1吨虾蛄食用饲料,按正常的饲养管理来进行,连续投喂15日,每天投喂3次,分别在第6天,第10天和第15天检查虾蛄的状况;饲喂第6天经显微镜检测大部分虾蛄腹部出现淡红色且体积小的肺吸虫,饲喂第10天经显微镜检测只有小部分虾蛄腹部出现淡红色且体积小的肺吸虫,饲喂第15天,经显微镜检测虾蛄腹部的肺吸虫消失,如图4所示;证明实施例三配置出的鱼虾通用驱虫精油复合剂对虾蛄有明显的驱虫效果。同时,检测养殖虾蛄的水样,并无出现毒害对虾的物质。
另一组采用市场上常用的虾蛄驱虫药物,按使用说明,混合在虾蛄的食用饲料中,按正常的饲养管理来进行,连续投喂15日,每天投喂3次,分别在第6天,第10天和第15天检查虾蛄的状况;饲喂第6天经显微镜检测大部分虾蛄腹部出现淡红色且体积小的肺吸虫,饲喂第10天经显微镜检测仍然有大部分虾蛄腹部出现淡红色且体积小的肺吸虫,饲喂第15天,经显微镜检测只有小部分虾蛄腹部出现淡红色且体积小的肺吸虫。同时,检测养殖虾蛄的水样,出现毒害对虾的物质。
根据实施例一,实施例二和实施例三的实验,得出本发明采用的桉树精油和侧柏精油,牛至精油配合,对鱼虾类中常见的寄生虫进行杀灭和驱除,同时能提高鱼虾的自身免疫力,避免多次感染。本发明选用的桉树精油,侧柏精油以及牛至精油安全,无毒害,鱼虾适应好,对环境无危害。
以上结合实施例一至三和附图对本发明的实施方式作了详细说明,但本发明不限于所描述的实施方式。对于本领域的技术人员而言,在不脱离本发明原理和精神的情况下,对这些实施方式进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,仍落入本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种鱼虾通用驱虫精油复合剂,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料制成:桉树精油20-25份,侧柏精油6-8份,牛至精油5-7份,椰油8-10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的鱼虾通用驱虫精油复合剂,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料制成:桉树精油20份,侧柏精油6份,牛至精油7份,椰油10份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的鱼虾通用驱虫精油复合剂,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料制成:桉树精油23份,侧柏精油8份,牛至精油5份,椰油9份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的鱼虾通用驱虫精油复合剂,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料制成:桉树精油25份,侧柏精油7份,牛至精油6份,椰油8份。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的鱼虾通用驱虫精油复合剂,其特征在于,所述桉树精油为澳洲小叶桉树精油,所述桉树精油包含以下组分:桉叶油素、香茅醛、水芹烯、胡椒酮、乙酸香叶酯和柠檬醛。
6.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的鱼虾通用驱虫精油复合剂,其特征在于,所述牛至精油为希腊牛至精油。
7.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的鱼虾通用驱虫精油复合剂,其特征在于,所述椰油为载体。
8.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的鱼虾通用驱虫精油复合剂,其特征在于,所述驱虫精油可用于杀死下列寄生虫:肺吸虫,纤毛虫,华支睾吸虫,曼氏迭宫绦虫,车轮虫。
9.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的鱼虾通用驱虫精油复合剂,其特征在于,所述鱼虾通用驱虫精油复合剂的应用方法为:将所述鱼虾通用驱虫精油复合剂按比例配置好后,以1.5-2kg/吨饲料的用量均匀混合在鱼虾的食用饲料中,按日常投喂方式,连续投喂10-15天。
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CN109329311A (zh) * | 2018-11-24 | 2019-02-15 | 衡阳市富农科技有机农产品供销专业合作社 | 一种侧柏提取物杀虫剂及其制备方法 |
CN111418735A (zh) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-07-17 | 广东汇海农牧科技集团有限公司 | 一种预防卵形鲳鲹体表寄生虫的饲料及制备方法 |
CN111616089A (zh) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-09-04 | 珠海市海盟水产养殖应用研发有限公司 | 一种南美白对虾ehp的杀灭方法 |
CN112007135A (zh) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-12-01 | 四川华蜀动物药业有限公司 | 一种水产用天然植物杀虫剂及其制备方法 |
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