CN113037070A - Fast starting circuit of switching power supply - Google Patents
Fast starting circuit of switching power supply Download PDFInfo
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- CN113037070A CN113037070A CN201911332500.4A CN201911332500A CN113037070A CN 113037070 A CN113037070 A CN 113037070A CN 201911332500 A CN201911332500 A CN 201911332500A CN 113037070 A CN113037070 A CN 113037070A
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- power supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a switching power supply quick start circuit. The switching power supply quick start circuit comprises a primary side controller, a transformer, a power switching tube, a start resistor and a power supply capacitor; when the switching power supply is started, the power supply capacitor is charged through the starting resistor, and then the rapid charging module of the primary side controller in the switching power supply is started to control the power switching tube to charge the power supply capacitor, so that rapid starting is completed. The quick charge module of primary side controller includes: the circuit comprises a grid electrode pre-charging circuit, a VCC power supply circuit and a current sampling circuit. The grid pre-charging circuit is connected to the grid of the power switch tube and used for charging the grid of the power switch tube, the VCC power supply circuit is connected between the source electrode of the power switch tube and the VCC power supply capacitor, the current sampling circuit is connected between the source electrode of the power switch tube and the ground of the primary side controller and used for detecting the current flowing through the power switch tube, when the current of the power switch tube reaches the preset value, the current is introduced into the power supply path of the VCC, the power switch tube is used for charging the VCC power supply capacitor, and the fast start of the switch power supply is completed.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a switching power supply technology, and more particularly, to a control circuit with a fast start function.
Background
The switching power supply has the advantages of small size, high conversion efficiency and the like, and the application field of the switching power supply is continuously expanded, and the switching power supply comprises a charger, an adapter and the like. The starting time is an important parameter of the switching power supply, and more switching power supply applications use the quick starting time as an important pursuit target.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a fast starting circuit of a switching power supply, which effectively shortens the starting time of the switching power supply and improves the starting speed on the premise of ensuring other performances.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a switching power supply quick start circuit comprising:
the power supply system comprises a primary side controller, a power switching tube connected with the primary side controller, a transformer, a starting resistor and a power supply capacitor;
one end of the starting resistor is coupled to the input voltage, the other end of the starting resistor is connected with the primary side controller and the power supply capacitor, and the other end of the power supply capacitor is in short circuit to the ground;
when the switching power supply is started, the power supply capacitor is charged through the starting resistor, then the rapid charging module of the primary side controller inside the switching power supply is started, and the power switching tube is used for charging the power supply capacitor until the switching power supply is started.
Preferably, the fast charging module of the primary side controller comprises: the circuit comprises a grid electrode pre-charging circuit, a VCC power supply circuit and a current sampling circuit. The grid pre-charging circuit is connected to the grid of the power switch tube and used for charging the grid of the power switch tube, the VCC power supply circuit is connected between the source electrode of the power switch tube and the VCC power supply capacitor, and the current sampling circuit is connected between the source electrode of the power switch tube and the ground of the primary side controller and used for detecting the current flowing through the power switch tube.
Preferably, the fast charging implementation circuit of the primary side controller includes:
and the drain electrode of the first NMOS tube is connected with the source electrode of the power switch, the source electrode of the first NMOS tube is connected with the substrate and connected to one end of the sampling resistor, and the grid electrode of the first NMOS tube is connected with the output of the internal phase inverter and the grid electrode of the second switch.
And the drain electrode of the second NMOS tube is connected with the input of the internal PMOS current mirror, the source electrode of the second NMOS tube is connected with the substrate and is connected to an internal current source, and the grid electrode of the second NMOS tube is connected with the output of the internal phase inverter.
And two sections of the sampling resistor are respectively connected with the source electrode of the first switching tube and the ground of the primary side controller.
And the positive input end of the comparator is connected with the source electrode of the first switch, the negative input end of the comparator is connected with the internal reference voltage, and the output of the comparator is connected with the input end of the inverter.
And the input end of the phase inverter is connected with the output of the comparator, and the output end of the phase inverter is connected with the grid electrode of the first NMOS tube and the grid electrode of the second NMOS tube.
And the anode of the diode is connected with the source electrode of the power switch tube, and the cathode of the diode is connected with the power supply capacitor.
And the anode of the diode is connected with an internal PMOS current source, and the cathode of the diode is connected with the grid of the power switch tube.
Preferably, the PMOS current mirror: the first PMOS tube and the second PMOS tube;
the grid electrode and the drain electrode of the first PMOS tube are connected with the grid electrode of the second PMOS tube; the source electrodes of the first PMOS tube and the second PMOS tube are connected with the corresponding substrates and are connected to the common end of the starting resistor and the supply capacitor. The source electrode of the first PMOS tube is connected to the drain electrode of the second NMOS tube, and the drain electrode of the second PMOS tube is connected to the anode of the first unidirectional breakover diode.
When the switching power supply integrated circuit is started, input voltage charges a power supply capacitor of a primary side controller through a starting resistor at the beginning stage, when the voltage reaches the threshold voltage of a power switching tube and an internal logic circuit can work normally, an internal quick charging circuit is started, and a path of controlled current is output by the power switching tube to charge the power supply capacitor of the primary side controller by utilizing the voltage control characteristic of the power switching tube until the starting is finished.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional switching power supply;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an accelerated start in a switching power supply according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of an implementation of accelerated startup in a switching power supply according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of waveforms of key nodes of the switching power supply controller shown in fig. 3 according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail the practice of the present invention. Examples of which are given in the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the examples described herein are for illustration only and are not intended to limit the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. In the description of the embodiments, the circuits well known in the art, such as the modules of a typical constant current, driving, etc. in the primary side controller, are not described in detail in order to avoid obscuring the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows a conventional flyback circuit, in which U1 is a primary side controller, and an input voltage VIN charges a power supply capacitor C1 through a starting resistor, and when a voltage of VCC reaches a turn-on voltage of the primary side controller, the primary side controller starts to operate normally. The resistor Rcs is connected in series between the CS end of the primary side controller and the ground of the primary side controller, and determines the peak current of the primary side inductor, thereby controlling the maximum output power. The auxiliary side of the transformer is connected to the VS end of the primary side controller through Ru and Rd voltage division to form a feedback network, and the output voltage is adjusted by controlling the period or duty ratio of a switch.
The start-up time of the circuit provided in fig. 1 is:
or
Where Ist is the starting current, which is the voltage across the starting resistor Rst divided by the value of the starting resistor.
From the above equation, if it is desired to reduce the start-up time, this can be achieved by reducing the start-up resistance Rst and reducing the capacitance C1. In practical applications, it is not preferable to reduce C1 once, which may affect the stability of VCC during normal operation, resulting in larger VCC fluctuation and easy under-voltage locking. On the other hand, it is not preferable to provide the starting speed by simply reducing the resistance value of the starting resistor Rst, and an excessively small starting resistor increases power consumption consumed in the resistor, reduces the operating efficiency of the system, and is not favorable for realizing low standby. Therefore, the problem to be solved by the invention is to increase the starting speed of the power supply under the condition of not changing the performance of the existing circuit.
Considering that the power switch tube Q1 of the switching power supply does not work when the integrated circuit is started, and Q1 itself is a voltage-controlled device and can provide a large current, it can use this characteristic to make the power tube output a proper current value by the control of the internal circuit of the switching power supply during the starting process, and use this current to supply power to VCC, so as to speed up the starting speed without changing other performances of the switching power supply.
Referring to fig. 2, the switching power supply control circuit provided by the present invention includes a primary side controller, and the external structure of the primary side controller is the same as that described in fig. 1. And the grid electrode of the power switching tube is connected to the OUT end of the primary side controller, and the source electrode of the power switching tube is connected to the SRC end of the primary side controller.
In order to complete the function of quick start, three modules, namely a grid electrode pre-charging circuit, a VCC power supply path and a current sampling circuit, are additionally arranged in the primary side controller.
When the switching power supply integrated circuit is started, VIN charges a capacitor of VCC through a starting resistor, after VCC charges to a set voltage, the voltage is usually about 3V (the internal logic circuit can normally work and is higher than the threshold voltage of a power switch tube), the internal circuit of the primary side controller charges a grid electrode of the power switch tube, a current value flowing out of a source electrode of the power switch tube is detected, when the current reaches a preset current for VCC charging, a path for grid electrode charging and a current sampling path are cut off at the same time, and the current is introduced into a path for VCC power supply, so that the rapid start is completed.
It should be noted that, since the two ports VS and CS in fig. 1 do not participate in the whole startup process, these two ports are not illustrated in fig. 2.
For a more detailed and clear description of the embodiments of the present invention, the start-up procedure of the circuit will be described in detail below with reference to fig. 3. As shown in fig. 3, the primary side controller includes:
the drain electrodes of the first NMOS transistor MN1 and MN1 are connected to the source electrode of the power switch transistor Q1 and the anode electrode of the first unidirectional conducting diode D3, the gate electrode is connected to the gate electrode of the second NMOS transistor MN2 and the output of the internal inverter INV1, and the source electrode and the substrate are connected to one end of the sampling resistor Rsa;
the anode of the first unidirectional conducting diode D3, D3 is connected with the drain of MN1, and the cathode is connected with the supply capacitor C1;
the drain electrodes of the second NMOS transistors MN2 and MN2 are connected to the input end of the internal PMOS current mirror, the source electrode and the substrate are connected to the internal current source MIR1, and the gate electrode is connected to the gate electrode of MN 1;
one end of the sampling resistor Rsa and one end of the Rsa are connected to the source of the MN1 and the positive input end of the internal comparator, and the other end of the sampling resistor Rsa and one end of the Rsa are connected to the ground of the switching power supply.
The positive input end of the comparator CMP1 is connected to the source of the MN1, the negative input end of the comparator is connected to the internal reference Vref, and the output of the comparator is connected with the input end of the inverter INV 1;
the input end of the inverter INV1 is connected with the output end of the comparator, and the output end of the inverter is connected to the grids of MN1 and MN 2;
the PMOS current mirror is composed of MP1 and MP 2;
the drain electrode and the grid electrode of the PMOS pipe MP1 are connected to the drain electrode of the second NMOS pipe MN2, and the source electrode and the substrate are connected to VCC; the grid electrode of the PMOS tube MP2 is connected with the grid electrode of the MP1, the source electrode and the substrate of the MP2 are connected to VCC, and the drain electrode is connected to the anode of the second unidirectional conducting diode D4;
the anode of the second unidirectional conducting diode D4, D4 is connected with the drain of MP2, and the cathode of D4 is connected with the gate of the power switch tube Q1;
when the switching power supply is started, the power supply capacitor C1 is charged through the starting resistor, the output of the inverter is at a low level, and the initial potentials of the gate and the source of the power switch tube Q1 are at a low level.
It should be noted that the initial state of the gate and the source of the power switch Q1 and the initial state of the output of the inverter are both low, and the specific circuit is relatively simple and will not be described here.
When VCC is charged to the internal logic circuit, the GATEs of MN1 and MN2 are enabled to high potential, the PMOS current mirror starts to work and charges the GATE of the power switch tube Q1, when the voltage of the GATE is higher than the threshold voltage of the power switch tube, the power tube is turned on, current flows out from the source of the power tube, as the voltage of the GATE is higher and higher, the current flowing out of the power tube is larger and larger, the current flows into the resistor Rsa through MN1, Vref = I × Rsa is set, when I > Vref/Rsa, the comparator is inverted, the PMOS current does not charge the GATE of the power tube any more, the current path flowing into MN1 is also cut off synchronously, at the moment, the current flowing through the power tube charges the potential of the SRC end, due to the existence of the GATE-source capacitance, the potential of GATE is also increased along with the increase of the potential of the SRC, once the potential of the SRC is higher than the voltage of VCC, the power tube charges the capacitance of VCC, the magnitude of the current is approximately equal to Vref/Rsa and remains constant until the end of the start-up.
Since the current charging VCC can be adjusted by Vref and Rsa, the values of Vref and Rsa can be given according to the requirements of the starting speed.
When the voltage of VCC rushes to the starting voltage VCC _ st of VCC, the start of the switch power supply is finished, the internal PWM circuit starts to work, the GATE and the SRC are pulled to the low potential, and the normal PWM pulse signal is waited.
It should be noted that, because a parasitic forward diode is arranged from the drain terminal of the PMOS current mirror to the substrate, when the substrate and the source terminal of MP2 are connected, a diode path is formed from the drain terminal of MP2 to VCC, which limits the GATE voltage to VCC + Vbe, and when the current flowing to VCC flows in the SRC, the voltage of SRC is also VCC + Vbe, the GATE-source voltage of the power switch is about 0, and the power transistor will be turned off, and there is no power supply path to VCC. To solve this problem, a diode is connected between MP2 and the GATE of the power transistor, so that when the VCC capacitor is powered through D1, and the GATE potential is raised, there is no discharge path to VCC, and the GATE-source voltage of the power transistor is kept constant.
Meanwhile, the starting voltage V _ st of VCC is usually about ten and several volts, Vgs of the power tube is about ten volts, and the reverse breakdown voltage of D4 needs to be about twenty or more volts.
Given the waveform diagram of the important node, with reference to fig. 2 and fig. 3, after the start, VIN charges VCC capacitor C1 through the start resistor, at this time, GATE of power switch Q1, source SRC, sampling resistor Rsa and GATE V _ G _ MN1 of MN1 are all at low level, when VCC rushes to the internal logic circuit to be operable, V _ G _ MN1 flips to high level, PMOS current mirror charges GATE through D4, GATE potential rises gradually, SRC flows current after the threshold voltage of power tube is exceeded, as GATE becomes higher gradually, current becomes larger, V _ sa on sampling resistor rises, GATE voltage V _ G _ MN1 of MN1 and 2 becomes low level until the voltage of V _ Rsa reaches MN Vref, current mirror stops charging GATE, GATE potential rises with the rise of potential, when the potential of SRC exceeds + Vbe, VCC is supplied by the current flowing from power tube, and when the VCC is increased to VCC _ st, the starting is finished, the voltages of the GATE and the SRC are pulled to low potential, and the arrival of a PWM signal is waited.
While the present invention has been described in terms of the above exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the terminology used is intended to be in the nature of words of description and illustration, rather than of limitation. As the present invention may be embodied in several forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof, it should also be understood that the above-described embodiments are not limited by any of the details of the foregoing description, but rather should be construed broadly within its spirit and scope as defined in the appended claims. Accordingly, all changes and modifications that come within the scope of the claims or the equivalents thereof are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (10)
1. A switching power supply quick start circuit, characterized by comprising:
a primary side controller;
the power switch tube is connected with the primary side controller;
a transformer connected to the power tube;
the starting resistor is connected with the primary side controller and the high-voltage input end;
the power supply capacitor is connected between the connection end of the primary side controller and the starting resistor and the ground of the primary side controller in a bridging manner;
when the switching power supply is started, firstly, the power supply capacitor of the primary side controller is charged to a preset value through the starting resistor, then, the internal circuit of the primary side controller is started to control the power switching tube, and the grid source voltage of the power switching tube is set to a fixed value, so that the primary side controller is charged at a constant current value until the starting is completed.
2. The switching power supply fast start circuit according to claim 1, wherein the internal circuit block of the primary side controller comprises: the circuit comprises a PWM control circuit, a grid pre-charging circuit, a VCC power supply path and a current sampling circuit.
3. The fast start circuit of the switching power supply according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that after the start resistor charges the primary side controller VCC to a preset value, the gate pre-charge circuit charges the gate of the power switch tube, and the current sampling circuit detects the current value flowing from the source terminal of the power switch tube, when the current reaches a set value, the two paths of the gate pre-charge circuit and the current sampling circuit are cut off, the current will flow to the VCC supply path to charge the VCC until the start is finished, and then the PWM control circuit is waited to work normally.
4. The switching power supply fast start circuit according to claim 1 and claim 2, wherein the VCC supply circuit comprises a first unidirectional conducting diode, an anode of the diode is connected to a source of the power switch tube, and a cathode is connected to a supply capacitor of VCC.
5. The switching power supply quick start circuit according to claim 1 and claim 2, wherein the current sampling circuit comprises:
the circuit comprises a first switch tube, a sampling resistor, a comparator and an inverter.
6. The switching power supply quick start circuit as claimed in claim 5, wherein the current sampling circuit comprises a first switching tube, the source electrode of the first switching tube is connected with the substrate and connected with one end of the sampling resistor, the grid electrode of the first switching tube is connected with the output of the inverter and connected with the grid electrode of the second switching tube, and the drain electrode of the first switching tube is connected with the source electrode of the power switching tube;
the switching power supply quick start circuit as claimed in claim 5, wherein the current sampling circuit comprises a sampling resistor, one end of the sampling resistor is connected to the source electrode of the first switching tube, and the other end is connected to the ground of the primary side controller;
the switching power supply fast start circuit as claimed in claim 5, wherein the current sampling circuit comprises a comparator and an inverter, one end of the input of the comparator is connected to the source of the first switching tube, the other end is connected to the internal reference voltage, the output of the comparator is connected to the input of the inverter, and the output of the inverter is connected to the gates of the first switching tube and the second switching tube.
7. The switching power supply quick start circuit according to claim 1 and claim 2, wherein the gate precharge circuit comprises:
the PMOS current mirror, the second switch tube, the internal current source, the second unidirectional conducting diode.
8. The switching power supply fast start circuit of claim 9, wherein the PMOS current mirror comprises a first PMOS transistor and a second PMOS transistor;
the grid electrode and the drain electrode of the first PMOS tube are connected to the grid electrode of the second PMOS tube and the drain electrode of the second switch tube, and the source electrode of the first PMOS tube is connected to the substrate and is connected to VCC;
the grid electrode of the second PMOS tube is connected to the grid electrode of the first PMOS tube, the source electrode of the second PMOS tube is connected with the substrate and is connected to VCC, and the drain electrode of the second PMOS tube is connected to the anode of the second unidirectional conducting diode.
9. The switching power supply fast start-up circuit as claimed in claim 9, wherein the gate of the second switching tube is connected to the gate of the first switching tube, the source is connected to the substrate and connected to the internal current source, and the drain is connected to the drain of the first PMOS tube.
10. The switching power supply quick start circuit as claimed in claim 9, wherein the anode of the second unidirectional conducting diode is connected to the drain of the second PMOS transistor, and the cathode of the diode is connected to the gate of the power switch transistor.
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| CN201911332500.4A CN113037070B (en) | 2019-12-25 | 2019-12-25 | Fast starting circuit of switching power supply |
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| CN201911332500.4A CN113037070B (en) | 2019-12-25 | 2019-12-25 | Fast starting circuit of switching power supply |
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| US20170317602A1 (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2017-11-02 | Nxp B.V. | Synchronous rectifier |
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| CN113037070B (en) | 2022-11-29 |
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