CN113036232A - Cylindrical low-voltage nickel-hydrogen battery - Google Patents
Cylindrical low-voltage nickel-hydrogen battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN113036232A CN113036232A CN202110417311.8A CN202110417311A CN113036232A CN 113036232 A CN113036232 A CN 113036232A CN 202110417311 A CN202110417311 A CN 202110417311A CN 113036232 A CN113036232 A CN 113036232A
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- hydrogen
- battery
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- hydrogen storage
- nickel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
- H01M10/28—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/286—Cells or batteries with wound or folded electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
- H01M10/30—Nickel accumulators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
The invention discloses a cylindrical low-voltage nickel-hydrogen battery, which comprises a shell and a cap, wherein a hydrogen storage material pipe is arranged in the center of the interior of the shell, the hydrogen storage material pipe is wrapped by a battery cell, the lower end of the hydrogen storage material pipe is in contact with the shell, the shell is a negative electrode of a power supply, and the cap is a positive electrode of the power supply. The technology solves the problems of high working hydrogen pressure, large volume and safety of the hydrogen-nickel battery, and simultaneously realizes a battery structure which is easy to package, compact, high in heat conduction, long in service life, low in cost and simple and convenient in process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a chemical power supply, in particular to a cylindrical low-voltage nickel-hydrogen battery.
Background
The nickel-metal hydride battery is a storage battery with a positive electrode of nickel hydroxide and a negative electrode of a hydrogen storage material, has the characteristics of high volume energy density, high mass specific power, high safety, easiness in scale production, wide working temperature range (-50-70 ℃), environmental friendliness and the like, and is widely applied to strategic industries of energy conservation, new energy automobiles, wind-light energy storage and the like. At present, the global total sales of hybrid electric vehicles adopting high-specific power nickel-hydrogen batteries exceeds 2000 thousands, and far exceeds the sum of the sales of pure electric vehicles adopting lithium ion batteries and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Fuel cell vehicles using high specific power nickel-metal hydride batteries have also been put into the market, becoming the focus of future development. Meanwhile, the nickel-metal hydride battery with high energy density is beginning to show strong competitiveness in the fixed energy storage fields of uninterruptible power supplies, wind-solar power generation, smart power grids and the like. However, the conventional nickel-metal hydride battery technology still has the disadvantages of short deep discharge cycle life (500-1000 times), easy failure in discharge state and the like. The hydrogen-nickel battery is a battery with nickel hydroxide as the positive electrode and hydrogen as the negative electrode, has the longest cycle life in all maintenance-free battery systems, has the cycle life of 1500 times and 6000 times for full charge and full discharge, has the cycle life of 4 ten thousand times when the discharge depth is controlled to be 40 percent, has the service life of 15 years on a geosynchronous orbit satellite, and has the advantages of overcharge and over discharge resistance and the like, but has the defects of small volumetric specific energy, high working hydrogen pressure (41-83 atmospheric pressure), high self-discharge, high cost, poor safety performance and the like.
Aiming at the defects of the nickel-metal hydride battery and the hydrogen-nickel battery, and combining the advantages of the nickel-metal hydride battery and the hydrogen-nickel battery, the invention provides the cylindrical low-voltage hydrogen-nickel battery, solves the defects of the nickel-metal hydride battery and the hydrogen energy battery, and greatly promotes the development of the technology of the hydrogen-nickel battery with high specific energy and long service life.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention provides a cylindrical low-voltage nickel-hydrogen battery which is free of a high-voltage hydrogen storage tank, has a battery structure with small volume, low cost and simple and convenient process, and simultaneously realizes the purposes of easy packaging, compactness and high heat conduction.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a cylindrical low pressure hydrogen nickel battery, includes the casing, the cap, the inside central authorities of casing are equipped with hydrogen storage material pipe, hydrogen storage material pipe is wrapped up by electric core, and the casing is the power negative pole, the cap is the power positive pole. A
Preferably, the hydrogen storage material pipe comprises a cylindrical cavity formed by carbon paper, hydrogen storage material powder is filled in the cavity, and the carbon paper is wrapped with a breathable film to prevent the electrolyte from influencing the hydrogen storage material powder. The hydrogen can be absorbed during charging and released during discharging, so that the pressure in the shell is controlled within the range of less than 1.0MPa, the pressure value is obviously reduced, and the use safety is higher.
Preferably, the hydrogen storage material pipe comprises a metal pipe, hydrogen storage material powder is filled in the metal pipe, a ventilation plug is arranged at an opening at the upper end of the metal pipe, the ventilation plug comprises a gasket, and carbon paper and a ventilation film are sequentially arranged on the gasket. The metal tube can conduct heat and make the structure more stable.
Preferably, the breathable film is made of a waterproof, oxygen-proof and hydrogen-permeable material, hydrogen can enter the breathable film, and impurities such as oxygen, water and the like cannot enter the breathable film.
Preferably, the battery cell comprises a diaphragm, a negative electrode catalyst layer is arranged on the inner side of the diaphragm, a positive plate is arranged on the outer side of the diaphragm, the negative electrode catalyst layer and the positive plate are sequentially wound, and the negative electrode catalyst layer is in contact with the shell. The cell contacts with the electrolyte, and hydrogen evolution/hydrogen elimination electrochemical reaction occurs during charging/discharging.
Preferably, when the battery cell is wound, the hydrogen storage material pipe can be adopted as a winding needle, and the battery cell is formed by winding a positive plate, a diaphragm and a negative electrode catalyst layer, so that the production efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, the hydrogen storage material pipe is used as a winding needle, the diameter of the winding needle is increased, so that the pole piece is deformed less, the stress is smaller, short circuit and rejection rate improvement are not caused by breakage in the production process, and potential safety hazards such as battery failure and even short circuit are not caused by pole piece cracking and breakage due to factors such as pole piece expansion in the subsequent use process of the battery.
Preferably, the positive plate is connected with a cap, the cap is arranged on the shell, and the positive plate and the cap are insulated. The cap is insulated from the shell by using the glue seal, so that short circuit is avoided, and hydrogen leakage is prevented.
Preferably, the hydrogen redox catalyst is coated on the negative electrode catalyst layer, so that the chemical reaction efficiency is higher.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the cylindrical design has the advantages that the existing mature process equipment can be utilized, and the production efficiency is higher than that of the lamination technology and the like;
2. the battery core is wound by adopting the hydrogen storage material tube in the center of the battery, so that the problems of easy occurrence of cracks, powder falling, micro short circuit and the like of pole pieces when the battery core is wound by the existing winding needle can be reduced, and the qualification rate of products is improved;
3. the hydrogen storage material is placed in a hydrogen storage material pipe in the center of the battery and is isolated from the electrolyte, so that the corrosion of the electrolyte to the hydrogen storage material can be eliminated, the cycle life and the service life of the battery can be greatly prolonged, and the problem of short cycle life of the existing nickel-metal hydride battery is solved;
4. the hydrogen storage material is placed in a hydrogen storage material tube in the center of the battery and is isolated from the electrolyte, so that the corrosion of the electrolyte to the hydrogen storage material can be eliminated, the problem that the existing nickel-hydrogen battery cathode hydrogen storage alloy contains metal cobalt can be solved, and the battery cost is reduced;
5. the center of the low-voltage nickel-hydrogen battery adopts the hydrogen storage material pipe to be contacted with the battery shell, so that the heat in the battery can be quickly led out, the charging efficiency of the battery is improved, and the oxygen evolution of the positive electrode is inhibited;
6. the hydrogen storage material is placed in a hydrogen storage material tube in the center of the battery and is isolated from the electrolyte, so that the corrosion of the electrolyte to the hydrogen storage material can be eliminated, the hydrogen storage material with higher capacity can be adopted, the energy density of the battery is improved, and the problems of low energy density and low specific energy of the existing nickel-hydrogen battery are solved;
7. the hydrogen storage material is adopted to store hydrogen, the hydrogen storage density is more than 1000 times higher than that of gaseous hydrogen, and the problems of overlarge volume and small volume energy density of the conventional nickel-hydrogen battery can be solved;
8. the hydrogen storage material is adopted to store hydrogen, the working hydrogen pressure of the battery is less than 1.0MPa, and compared with the working hydrogen pressure of the existing nickel-hydrogen battery, the hydrogen storage battery has the advantages of obvious reduction, higher use safety and capability of reducing the self-discharge of the battery;
9. the hydrogen storage material has a hydrogen absorbing and releasing platform, and the hydrogen storage material is adopted to store hydrogen, so that the problem of the inclination of the working voltage of the conventional nickel-hydrogen battery can be solved, the charging and discharging characteristics of the battery are better, and the discharging voltage is more stable;
10. the hydrogen storage material is adopted to store hydrogen, compared with the existing nickel-hydrogen battery, the volume is greatly reduced, and the battery cost is reduced;
11. the cylindrical low-voltage nickel-hydrogen battery is adopted, so that the problems of the existing semicircular end and the laminated production process of the nickel-hydrogen battery and the low production efficiency of the existing nickel-hydrogen battery can be solved;
12. the breathable film is made of a waterproof, oxygen-proof and hydrogen-permeable material, so that the electrolyte is prevented from contacting hydrogen storage material powder, and the service life is prolonged.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description only relate to some embodiments of the present invention and are not limiting on the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of the hydrogen storage material tube of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a purge plug of the present invention;
shown in the drawings
The hydrogen storage battery comprises, by weight, 1-a breathable film, 2-carbon paper, 3-hydrogen storage material powder, 4-a negative electrode catalyst layer, 5-a diaphragm, 6-a positive plate, 7-a shell, 8-a cap, 9-a metal tube and 10-a gasket.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the cylindrical low-voltage nickel-hydrogen battery includes a casing 7 and a cap 8, wherein a hydrogen storage material tube is arranged in the center of the inside of the casing, the hydrogen storage material tube is wrapped by a battery cell, the lower end of the hydrogen storage material tube is in contact with the casing 7, the casing 7 is a negative electrode of a power supply, and the cap 8 is a positive electrode of the power supply.
As a technical optimization scheme of the invention, the hydrogen storage material pipe comprises a cylindrical cavity formed by carbon paper 2, hydrogen storage material powder 3 is filled in the cavity, the carbon paper 2 is wrapped with a breathable film 1, the breathable film 1 and the carbon paper 2 can prevent electrolyte from permeating, a diffusion channel is provided for hydrogen, the electrolyte can be isolated, and the influence of the electrolyte on the hydrogen storage material powder 3 is avoided. The hydrogen storage material powder 3 can absorb hydrogen during charging and release hydrogen during discharging, so that the pressure in the shell is controlled within the range of less than 1.0MPa, the pressure value is obviously reduced, and the use safety is higher.
As a technical optimization scheme of the invention, the hydrogen storage material pipe comprises a metal pipe 9, hydrogen storage material powder 3 is filled in the metal pipe 9, a vent plug is arranged at an upper end opening of the metal pipe, the vent plug comprises a gasket 10, and carbon paper 2 and a breathable film 1 are sequentially arranged on the gasket 10. The metal tube 9 can conduct heat and make the structure more stable.
As a technical optimization scheme of the invention, the breathable film 1 is made of a waterproof, oxygen-proof and hydrogen-permeable material and blocks electrolyte.
As a technical optimization scheme of the invention, the battery cell comprises a diaphragm 5, a negative electrode catalyst layer 4 is arranged on the inner side of the diaphragm 5, a positive plate 6 is arranged on the outer side of the diaphragm, the negative electrode catalyst layer 4 and the positive plate are sequentially wound, and the negative electrode catalyst layer 4 is in contact with a shell 7. The cell contacts with the electrolyte, and hydrogen evolution/hydrogen elimination electrochemical reaction occurs during charging/discharging.
Negative electrode catalyst layer 4 was charged (discharged in reverse): h2O+e-→1/2H2+OH-
As a technical optimization scheme of the invention, when the battery cell is wound, the hydrogen storage material pipe can be adopted as a winding needle, and the battery cell is formed by winding the positive plate 6, the diaphragm 5 and the negative electrode catalyst layer 4, so that the production efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, the hydrogen storage material pipe is used as a winding needle, the diameter of the winding needle is increased, so that the pole piece is deformed less, the stress is smaller, short circuit and rejection rate improvement are not caused by breakage in the production process, and potential safety hazards such as battery failure and even short circuit are not caused by pole piece cracking and breakage due to factors such as pole piece expansion in the subsequent use process of the battery.
As a technical optimization scheme of the invention, the positive plate 6 is connected with the cap 8, the cap 8 is arranged on the shell 7 and is insulated from the shell 7, and the cap 8 is prevented from contacting the shell 7 by using a glue seal, so that short circuit is avoided, and hydrogen leakage is prevented.
As a technical optimization scheme of the invention, the hydrogen redox catalyst is coated on the cathode catalyst layer 4, so that the chemical reaction efficiency is higher.
In the first manufacturing mode of the invention, firstly, hydrogen storage material powder 3 is wrapped by carbon paper 2 and a breathable film 1 to manufacture a hydrogen storage material pipe. And in the second step, the hydrogen storage material pipe is used as a winding needle, and the battery core formed by the positive plate 6, the diaphragm 5 and the negative electrode catalyst layer 4 is wound on the winding needle hydrogen storage material pipe, so that the production efficiency is improved, and the diameter of the winding needle is increased, so that the deformation of the pole piece is smaller, the stress is smaller, the short circuit and the rejection rate are improved due to the fact that the pole piece is not easy to break in the production process, the battery failure and even the potential safety hazards such as short circuit due to the fact that the pole piece cracks and breaks due to factors such as expansion of the pole piece in the subsequent use process of. And thirdly, the hydrogen storage material pipe wrapped by the battery cell is placed at the right center of the shell 7, so that the contact surface with the hydrogen is larger, the speed is higher, the structure is compact, the operation is convenient, and the process is simple. The fourth step is to inject the electrolyte into the case 7. And in the fifth step, the positive plate 6 is connected to the cap cover 8 through a lead, and is prevented from contacting the shell 7 through glue sealing, so that hydrogen leakage is prevented. The entire case 7 is sealed at the end, and the battery is completed.
In the second manufacturing mode, a metal pipe 9 with a certain size is selected in the first step, hydrogen storage material powder 3 is filled in the metal pipe 9, and then a ventilation plug made of a gasket 10, carbon paper 2 and a ventilation film 1 is covered on the metal pipe to complete the hydrogen storage material pipe. And in the second step, the hydrogen storage material pipe is used as a winding needle, and the battery core formed by the positive plate 6, the diaphragm 5 and the negative electrode catalyst layer 4 is wound on the winding needle hydrogen storage material pipe, so that the production efficiency is improved, and the diameter of the winding needle is increased, so that the deformation of the pole piece is smaller, the stress is smaller, the short circuit and the rejection rate are improved due to the fact that the pole piece is not easy to break in the production process, the battery failure and even the potential safety hazards such as short circuit due to the fact that the pole piece cracks and breaks due to factors such as expansion of the pole piece in the subsequent use process of. And thirdly, fixedly connecting the hydrogen storage material tube wrapped by the battery core to the center of the lower surface in the shell 7, and leading out heat in the battery by the metal tube 9 to improve stability. The fourth step is to inject the electrolyte into the case 7. And in the fifth step, the positive plate 6 is connected to the cap cover 8 through a lead, and is prevented from contacting the shell 7 through glue sealing, so that hydrogen leakage is prevented. The entire case 7 is sealed at the end, and the battery is completed.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A cylindrical low-pressure hydrogen-nickel battery is characterized in that: the hydrogen storage battery comprises a shell (7) and a cap (8), wherein a hydrogen storage material pipe is arranged in the center of the inside of the shell (7), the hydrogen storage material pipe is wrapped by a battery core, the shell (7) is a power supply cathode, and the cap (8) is a power supply anode.
2. A cylindrical low-pressure nickel-hydrogen battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hydrogen storage material pipe comprises a cylindrical cavity formed by carbon paper (2), hydrogen storage material powder (3) is filled in the cavity, and the carbon paper (2) is wrapped by a breathable film (1).
3. A cylindrical low-pressure nickel-hydrogen battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hydrogen storage material pipe comprises a metal pipe (9), hydrogen storage material powder (3) is filled in the metal pipe (9), a ventilation plug is arranged at an upper end opening of the metal pipe, the ventilation plug comprises a gasket (10), and carbon paper (2) and a ventilation film (1) are sequentially arranged on the gasket (10).
4. A cylindrical low-pressure nickel-hydrogen battery according to any one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that: the breathable film (1) is made of a waterproof, oxygen-proof and hydrogen-permeable material.
5. A cylindrical low-pressure nickel-hydrogen battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: the battery core comprises a diaphragm (5), a negative electrode catalysis layer (4) is arranged on the inner side of the diaphragm (5), a positive plate (6) is arranged on the outer side of the diaphragm, the negative electrode catalysis layer (4) and the positive plate are sequentially wound to form the battery core, and the negative electrode catalysis layer (4) is in contact with the shell (7).
6. The cylindrical low-pressure nickel-hydrogen battery according to claim 5, characterized in that: when the battery core is wound, the hydrogen storage material pipe can be adopted as a coiled pipe.
7. The cylindrical low-pressure nickel-hydrogen battery according to claim 5, characterized in that: the positive plate (6) is connected with the cap (8), the cap (8) is arranged on the shell (7), and the positive plate and the cap are insulated.
8. The cylindrical low-pressure nickel-hydrogen battery according to claim 5, characterized in that: and a hydrogen oxidation-reduction catalyst is coated on the negative electrode catalyst layer (4).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110417311.8A CN113036232A (en) | 2021-04-19 | 2021-04-19 | Cylindrical low-voltage nickel-hydrogen battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110417311.8A CN113036232A (en) | 2021-04-19 | 2021-04-19 | Cylindrical low-voltage nickel-hydrogen battery |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113036232A true CN113036232A (en) | 2021-06-25 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110417311.8A Pending CN113036232A (en) | 2021-04-19 | 2021-04-19 | Cylindrical low-voltage nickel-hydrogen battery |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113036232A (en) |
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2021
- 2021-04-19 CN CN202110417311.8A patent/CN113036232A/en active Pending
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